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Green Growth and Spatial Planning in the Nordic City Regions: an Overview of Concepts and Policies

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Green Growth and Spatial Planning in the Nordic City Regions: an Overview of Concepts and Policies Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Aslı Tepecik Diş ed. NORDREGIO WORKING PAPER 2014:5 Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Aslı Tepecik Diş ed. Christian Dymén, Christian Fredricsson, Veronique Larsson, Liisa Perjo, Lukas Smas and Ryan Weber. Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Nordregio Working Paper 2014:5 ISBN 978-91-87295-22-5 ISSN 1403-2511 © Nordregio 2014 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.se www.norden.org Editor: Aslı Tepecik Diş Christian Dymén, Christian Fredricsson, Veronique Larsson, Liisa Perjo, Lukas Smas and Ryan Weber. Cover photo: Johannes Jansson / norden.org Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has fi rm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and inter- national collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. The Nordic Council is a forum for co-operation between the Nordic parliaments and governments. The Council consists of 87 parliamentarians from the Nordic countries. The Nordic Council takes policy initiatives and monitors Nordic co-operation. Founded in 1952. The Nordic Council of Ministers is a forum of co-operation between the Nordic governments. The Nordic Council of Ministers implements Nordic co-operation. The prime ministers have the overall responsibility. Its activities are co-ordinated by the Nordic ministers for co-operation, the Nordic Committee for co-operation and portfolio ministers. Founded in 1971. Nordregio – Nordic Centre for Spatial Development conducts strategic research in the fi elds of planning and regional policy. Nordregio is active in research and dissemina- tion and provides policy relevant knowledge, particularly with a Nordic and European comparative perspective. Nordregio was established in 1997 by the Nordic Council of Ministers, and is built on over 40 years of collaboration. Stockholm, Sweden, 2014 Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................................................8 Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................15 2. Unpacking Green Growth .........................................................................................................................17 2.1. Background .....................................................................................................................................17 2.2. Conceptual foundations of green growth .........................................................................................18 2.3. Green growth: what’s on the agenda? ............................................................................................19 2.4. Urban dimensions of green growth .................................................................................................20 2.5. Urban form as a solution .................................................................................................................23 3. Planning city regions ................................................................................................................................25 3.1. Approaching city regions .................................................................................................................25 3.2. Spatial planning ...............................................................................................................................30 4. Denmark.....................................................................................................................................................33 4.1. Green growth policies ......................................................................................................................34 4.2. Planning system ..............................................................................................................................35 4.3. Policy instruments ...........................................................................................................................36 5. Finland .......................................................................................................................................................39 5.1. Green growth policies ......................................................................................................................39 5.2. Planning system ..............................................................................................................................40 5.3. Policy instruments ...........................................................................................................................42 6. Norway .......................................................................................................................................................45 6.1. Green growth policies ......................................................................................................................45 6.2. Planning system ..............................................................................................................................47 6.3. Policy instruments ...........................................................................................................................48 7. Iceland........................................................................................................................................................51 7.1. Green growth policies ......................................................................................................................51 7.2. Planning system ..............................................................................................................................52 8. Sweden ......................................................................................................................................................55 8.1. Green growth policies ......................................................................................................................55 8.2. Planning system ..............................................................................................................................56 8.3. Policy instruments ...........................................................................................................................57 9. A way forward: discussing the everyday life perspective ....................................................................61 References ....................................................................................................................................................65 List of fi gures Figure 2.1 Sectors of the green economy according to recent studies ..........................................................20 Figure 2.2 Urban activities that can reduce cities’ environmental impact .......................................................21 Figure 2.3 Population density and CO2 emissions per capita in 73 large OECD metropolitan areas ............22 Figure 4.1 The Danish planning system, with a focus on the local level ........................................................35 Figure 4.2 Local authority planning is based in the fi nger-like urban structure created with the fi rst Finger Plan. ....................................................................................................................................................36 Figure 5.1 Overview of the Finnish planning system ......................................................................................41 Figure 5.2 Structural Plan 2030 for Tampere City Region ..............................................................................43 Figure 6.1 Overview of the Norwegian planning system, with a focus on the local level ...............................46 Figure 6.2 Regional plan for the Jæren region 2013–2040 ............................................................................48 Figure 7.1 Spatial Planning on Iceland ...........................................................................................................53 Figure 7.2 Reykjavik Municipal Plan 2010-2030 ............................................................................................54 Figure 8.1 Overview of the Swedish planning system and regional development guidelines ........................57 Figure 8.2 Example map from the proposal for spatial strategy on the polycentric metropolis of Skåne .......59 List of tables Table 3.1 Administrative divisions and statistical territorial units inthe Nordic countries.................................26
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