DOCSLIB.ORG

Throndsen Masteroppgave.Pdf (11.49Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Throndsen Masteroppgave.Pdf (11.49Mb) Does the Urban Structure Mobility? A quantitative study of the effects of car ownership, and residential and destination locations on travel behaviour in Greater Oslo Torstein S. Throndsen Master thesis in Human Geography at the Department of Sociology and Human Geography UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 26/5-17 II © Torstein S. Throndsen 2017 Does the Urban Structure Mobility? A quantitative study of the effects of car ownership, and residential and destination locations on travel behaviour in Greater Oslo Torstein S. Throndsen http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: CopyCat I Abstract This master thesis investigates how urban structures influence travel behaviour in the city region of Oslo and Akershus. Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. In search for ways to mitigate CO2 emissions, policymakers have turned their eyes to the transport sector. It is often conceived that polycentric city regions with compact, transit- oriented cities and neighbourhoods reduce distances travelled, discourage car use and promote the use of alternative transport modes. Multivariate quantitative models are applied in this thesis to address specifically three shortcomings in the assumed causality between urban structures and travel behaviour. First, car ownership usually overshadows the effect of all other factors on travel behaviour. The findings in this thesis indicate, however, that car ownership function as a mediator between urban structures and travel behaviour. Second, the influence of trip destination locations on travel behaviour is understudied, particularly in a Nordic context. In this thesis, the urban structures at trip destination locations, especially workplace density, turn out to have a major impact on transport mode choice. Third, few Nordic studies, and none of them Norwegian, have taken into account the street design in the local neighbourhoods. Moreover, diversity measures, such as the degree of mixed building or land use, have not been popular in Nordic studies. The findings in this thesis indicate that future studies should take diversity and design elements into consideration. II Preface Writing this master thesis has been like a trip. And just as I argue in this thesis that a number of factors influence how people make their trips, this trip has been influenced by many factors. Some of those factors are people that I would like to thank for their contribution. Most of all I would like to thank my supervisor, Lars Böcker. I have learnt so much, thanks to you. It has been a true joy and a privilege to have you as my supervisor. Thank you. I would also like to thank my co-supervisor, Per Gunnar Røe. Your contribution in especially the final weeks is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank Tanu Priya Uteng at the Institute of Transport Economics. You have given me so many opportunities which I could not have dreamt about one year ago. I would like to thank my fellow master students. I will miss the quizzes. I am also very grateful to Osloforskning for the grant I received. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Katrina. Your patience these last months of my master degree has been nothing less but absolutely marvellous. I am also grateful that you proofread this thesis. However, all misspellings and all other kind of errors in this thesis are mine to blame. I would also like to thank the rest of my family and my parents, who have made me believe in myself. This master thesis is part of the research project Smart Mobility Suburbs (SMS), which is funded by the Norwegian Research Council’s ENERGIX program. The project focuses on innovations in mobility practices, and innovations in collaborative and multi-scalar governance to enable low-energy smart cities/micro-cities. SMS is a collaboration between the UIO-CIENS partners the Department of Sociology and Human Geography at the University of Oslo, Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research (NIBR), and Institute of Transport Economics (TØI). III List of Content 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 Theory ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 How to Understand Mobility ....................................................................................... 7 2.2 Urban regional land uses and infrastructures ............................................................ 10 2.2.1 Neighbourhoods and the five Ds ........................................................................ 11 2.2.2 What about the destination location? ................................................................. 20 2.3 Socioeconomic and demographic attributes .............................................................. 22 2.3.1 The role of car ownership ................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Self-selection and car ownership ........................................................................ 24 2.4 Literature summarised ............................................................................................... 25 3 Research Design ............................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Study area .................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.1 Oslo and Akershus ............................................................................................. 29 3.2 Data ............................................................................................................................ 34 3.2.1 Validity and reliability ....................................................................................... 35 3.2.2 Sample ................................................................................................................ 36 3.2.3 Representativeness ............................................................................................. 38 3.2.4 Travel behaviour variables ................................................................................. 38 3.2.5 Car ownership variables ..................................................................................... 39 3.2.6 Land use variables .............................................................................................. 40 3.2.7 Control variables ................................................................................................ 49 3.3 Models ....................................................................................................................... 52 3.3.1 Car ownership: Logit .......................................................................................... 52 3.3.2 Transport mode: Multinomial logit model ......................................................... 54 3.3.3 Direct and indirect effects: Structural Equation Modelling ............................... 55 3.3.4 Total distance travelled by car: Tobit ................................................................. 57 3.3.5 Sensitivity analyses ............................................................................................ 58 4 Descriptive results ............................................................................................................ 61 4.1 How to read the maps ................................................................................................ 61 4.2 Travel patterns ........................................................................................................... 63 4.2.1 Total distance travelled by car ........................................................................... 63 4.2.2 Modal split .......................................................................................................... 65 4.2.3 Residential location ............................................................................................ 66 4.2.4 Destination location ............................................................................................ 70 IV 4.3 Urban structures and modal split ............................................................................... 74 4.3.1 Residential urban structures ............................................................................... 74 4.3.2 Destination urban structures ............................................................................... 76 4.4 Social characteristics and modal split ........................................................................ 77 4.5 Car ownership and modal split .................................................................................. 79 4.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 81 5 Analysis I: Transport mode choice (and distances) by urban structures of residence and destination ................................................................................................................................ 83 5.1 Total car distance by residential urban structures ..................................................... 84 5.2 Transport mode choice (and distances) by urban structures of residence and destination ............................................................................................................................ 86 5.2.1 Effect of socioeconomic and demographic attributes ........................................ 88 5.2.2 Effect of residential urban
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mal Rapporter
    TØI report 1420/2015 Erik Figenbaum Marika Kolbenstvedt Pathways to electromobility - perspectives based on Norwegian experiences TØI Report 1420/2015 Pathways to electromobility - perspectives based on Norwegian experiences Erik Figenbaum Marika Kolbenstvedt This report is covered by the terms and conditions specified by the Norwegian Copyright Act. Contents of the report may be used for referencing or as a source of information. Quotations or references must be attributed to the Institute of Transport Economics (TØI) as the source with specific mention made to the author and report number. For other use, advance permission must be provided by TØI. ISSN 0808-1190 ISBN 978-82-480-1645-8 Paper version ISBN 978-82-480-1643-4 Electronic version Oslo, May 2015 Title: Pathways to electromobility - perspectives based on Tittel: Veier til elektromobilitet - perspektiver basert på norske Norwegian experiences erfaringer Author(s): Erik Figenbaum Forfattere: Erik Figenbaum Marika Kolbenstvedt Marika Kolbenstvedt Date: 05.2015 Dato: 05.2015 TØI report: 1420/2015 TØI rapport: 1420/2015 Pages 65 Sider 65 ISBN Paper: 978-82-480-1645-8 ISBN Papir: 978-82-480-1645-8 ISBN Electronic: 978-82-480-1643-4 ISBN Elektronisk: 978-82-480-1643-4 ISSN 0808-1190 ISSN 0808-1190 Financed by: EU 7th FP (Electromobility+) Finansieringskilde: EU 7th FP (Electromobility+) Institute of Transport Economics Norges forskningsråd The Research Council of Norway Transnova Transnova Transportøkonomisk institutt Project: 3826 - Compett Prosjekt: 3826 - Compett Project manager: Erik Figenbaum Prosjektleder: Erik Figenbaum Quality manager: Terje Assum Kvalitetsansvarlig: Terje Assum Key words: Diffusion Emneord: Brukergrupper Electric Vehicles Diffusjon Multi-Level Perspective Elbil Policy Fler-nivå analyse Regional transition Politikk User groups Regional endring Summary: Sammendrag: The report presents two analyses of the Norwegian Electric Rapporten presenterer to analyser av den norske elbilhistorien.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Growth and Spatial Planning in the Nordic City Regions: an Overview of Concepts and Policies
    Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Aslı Tepecik Diş ed. NORDREGIO WORKING PAPER 2014:5 Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Aslı Tepecik Diş ed. Christian Dymén, Christian Fredricsson, Veronique Larsson, Liisa Perjo, Lukas Smas and Ryan Weber. Green growth and spatial planning in the Nordic city regions: An overview of concepts and policies Nordregio Working Paper 2014:5 ISBN 978-91-87295-22-5 ISSN 1403-2511 © Nordregio 2014 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.se www.norden.org Editor: Aslı Tepecik Diş Christian Dymén, Christian Fredricsson, Veronique Larsson, Liisa Perjo, Lukas Smas and Ryan Weber. Cover photo: Johannes Jansson / norden.org Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has fi rm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and inter- national collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. The Nordic Council is a forum for co-operation between the Nordic parliaments and governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Videre Prosess I Kommunereformen
    Ifølge liste Deres ref Vår ref Dato 17/3096-6 30. juni 2017 Videre prosess i kommunereformen - informasjon til Hobøl, Askim, Spydeberg, Eidsber og Trøgstad kommuner Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet viser til Stortingets behandling av kommunereformen 8. juni, jf. Prop. 96 S (2016-2017) og Innst. 386 S (2016-2017), hvor 111 kommuner ble vedtatt slått sammen til 43 nye kommuner. Totalt i kommunereformen er 121 kommuner vedtatt slått sammen til 47 nye kommuner. Dette vil gi 354 kommuner 1. januar 2020. Hobøl, Askim, Spydeberg, Eidsberg og Trøgstad kommuner er vedtatt slått sammen av Stortinget og ny kommune trer i kraft fra 1. januar 2020. Felles kommunestyremøte Når kommunene er vedtatt slått sammen, skal fylkesmannen snarest mulig kalle sammen til et felles kommunestyremøte (§ 25 i inndelingsloven). Etter det departementet er kjent med ble det avholdt felles kommunestyremøte 12. juni hvor sakene i inndelingslovens § 25 ble drøftet. De enkelte kommunestyrer må i etterkant gjøre vedtak om sakene etter bokstavene a) til e) i inndelingslovens § 25, og eventuelt andre saker. Departementet er kjent med at det foreløpig ikke er fattet likelydende vedtak om alle punktene. Stortinget har i Innst. 386 S (2016-2017) gjennom en flertallsmerknad kommet med føringer for den videre prosessen: Et annet flertall, medlemmene fra Høyre, Fremskrittspartiet, Kristelig folkeparti og Venstre, forutsetter at regjeringen skal legge til rette for møte i fellesnemda så snart som mulig og senest 1. juli. Enighet om funksjonsfordeling og andre Postadresse Kontoradresse Telefon* Avdeling Saksbehandler Postboks 8112 Dep Akersg. 59 22 24 90 90 Ina Kathrine Ruud 0032 Oslo Org no. 22 24 68 68 [email protected] www.kmd.dep.no 972 417 858 ting som skal være avklart mellom kommunene bør være endelig besluttet og avklart før 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Norway's 2018 Population Projections
    Rapporter Reports 2018/22 • Astri Syse, Stefan Leknes, Sturla Løkken and Marianne Tønnessen Norway’s 2018 population projections Main results, methods and assumptions Reports 2018/22 Astri Syse, Stefan Leknes, Sturla Løkken and Marianne Tønnessen Norway’s 2018 population projections Main results, methods and assumptions Statistisk sentralbyrå • Statistics Norway Oslo–Kongsvinger In the series Reports, analyses and annotated statistical results are published from various surveys. Surveys include sample surveys, censuses and register-based surveys. © Statistics Norway When using material from this publication, Statistics Norway shall be quoted as the source. Published 26 June 2018 Print: Statistics Norway ISBN 978-82-537-9768-7 (printed) ISBN 978-82-537-9769-4 (electronic) ISSN 0806-2056 Symbols in tables Symbol Category not applicable . Data not available .. Data not yet available … Not for publication : Nil - Less than 0.5 of unit employed 0 Less than 0.05 of unit employed 0.0 Provisional or preliminary figure * Break in the homogeneity of a vertical series — Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series | Decimal punctuation mark . Reports 2018/22 Norway’s 2018 population projections Preface This report presents the main results from the 2018 population projections and provides an overview of the underlying assumptions. It also describes how Statistics Norway produces the Norwegian population projections, using the BEFINN and BEFREG models. The population projections are usually published biennially. More information about the population projections is available at https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkfram. Statistics Norway, June 18, 2018 Brita Bye Statistics Norway 3 Norway’s 2018 population projections Reports 2018/22 4 Statistics Norway Reports 2018/22 Norway’s 2018 population projections Abstract Lower population growth, pronounced aging in rural areas and a growing number of immigrants characterize the main results from the 2018 population projections.
    [Show full text]
  • VA-Norm FELLES TEKNISKE NORMER for VANN
    VA-norm FELLES TEKNISKE NORMER FOR VANN- OG AVLØPSANLEGG For kommunene Ullensaker, Nes, Eidsvoll, Hurdal og Nannestad for Aurskog Høland, Eidsvoll, Enebakk, Fet, Flateby vannverk, Gjerdrum, Hurdal, Kirkebygden og Ytre Enebakk vannverk, Lørenskog, Nannestad, Nes, Nittedal, Rælingen, Skedsmo, Sørum, Ullensaker kommuner, Årnes vannverk Anlegg for nåværende og fremtidige generasjoner Eidsvoll kommune: Vedtatt i kommunestyret 1.9.2020. Nannestad kommune: Vedtatt i kommunestyret 17.3.2020. 1-1 Desember 2019 VA-norm 1 Forord Samarbeidsprosjektet består nå av de 5 kommunene; Eidsvoll, Hurdal, Nannestad, Ullensaker Nes, samt GimilVann. Arbeidet har som mål å utarbeide en felles VA-norm som er tilpasset EU og gjeldende plan- og bygningslov. Det vil også effektivisere og kvalitetssikre utbyggingen av vann-, spillvann- og overvannsanlegg samt gi konsulenter, entreprenører og leverandører et mer forutsigbart og enhetlig regelverk for regionen. Den interkommunale normgruppa ble etablert i desember 2018 og ferdig norm forelå i desember 2019. Kontaktpersoner i kommunene: Kontaktperson Tlf.: E-post: Eidsvoll kommune Alexander Vatnehagen 92 25 48 47 [email protected] Hurdal Kommune Malin Beitdokken 90 47 28 35 [email protected] Nannestad kommune Adel Al-Jumaily 91 63 88 85 [email protected] Ullensaker kommune Terje Sandstad 94 86 08 50 [email protected] Nes kommune Ali Reza Heidari 46 24 13 14 [email protected] Normen er for alle samarbeidende kommuner/ledningseiere. VA-normen forutsettes i utgangspunktet å oppdateres annen hvert år på grunnlag av mottatte skriftlige forslag til endringer. Normen er sist revidert etter revisjonsmøte 11.12.2019. Arbeidsgruppe: Det opprettes en arbeidsgruppe på 3 personer fra kommunene/ledningseierne som har ansvar/oppgave å videreføre revisjonsarbeidet med VA-normen.
    [Show full text]
  • Mo and Zn Minerallzations RELATED to GRANITES IN
    Revista Brasileira de Geociências 17(4):571-5 77, dezembro de 1987 Mo AND Zn MINERALlZATIONS RE LATED TO GRANITES IN CALDERA ROOTS IN TH EELSJAE-AREA, OSLOPALEOR IFT, NORWAY SVEIN OLERUD* ABS T ~ AC T Th e Oslo Paleorift evolved in th e Pro terozoic basement of southeastern Norway and the Skagerak Sea in the Permian ; it form s a par t of a larger system of taphrogenic elements occurring at th e margin of th e Balt ic Sh ield . It consists of alkaline igneous rocks and Carnbro-Silurian sedim ents. Th e mo st prominent epigenetic mineralization ty pes are: A. intramagmatic Mo-depo sits; B. contact metasom atic c eposits (Zn , Pb , Fe etc.); C. rift margin deposits (Ag etc). Th e Elsjae area shows good examples of the A and B types. The Elsjae area is situated in th e northern part of the paleorift at the point of intersection be tween tw o dee ply erode d cald era struc tures. Cambro-Ordovician shales and Iimestones form a 2 krn 2 inlier enclosed in Permian ín tru sives. The sedime nts are co ntact metamorphosed and altered by met asomatic processes. Th e sphalerite mineralization is found in skarnaltered Iimestone layers an d lenses at severa l leveis in th e Cambro-Ordovician hornfelsed sedim ents. The Elsjae are a is unde rlain b y Permian granites which are hydrothermally altered and brecciated and carry low-grade molybdenite min erali zation in zones dominated by quartz-sericite-pyrite alte ration . Field evid en ces indicat e that th e Zn-skarn mineralization are related to the Storasyungen gran ite , which was intruded earlier th an the ring d yk e syste rn of th e calderas, while the Mo-mineralization was formed at a lat e stage in th e development of th e calderas.
    [Show full text]
  • IFE ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 Årsrapport for Institutt for Energiteknikk
    Research for a better future YEAR www.ife.no IFE ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 Årsrapport for Institutt for Energiteknikk. Med forbehold om trykkfeil. Grafisk design og trykk: CopyCat AS Foto: Mick Tully, Image Communication Layout: Copycat AS 2 RESEARCH FOR A BETTER FUTURE Contents 04 About IFE 05 Key figures 07 From the President 11 Organisation chart 12 IFE’s strategic research focus 16 Materials and Process Technology 20 Centres for Environment-friendly Energy Research (FME) 23 Fluid Flow and Environmental Technology 26 Digital Systems 28 Radiopharmacy 31 IFE’s nuclear research activities 34 Nuclear Waste Management and Decommissioning 38 Environment and safety 41 Innovation and commercialisation 42 Income statement 43 Report of the Board of Directors IFE ANNUAL REPORT 2018 3 About IFE The Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) conducts research for a better future. Since 1948, we have been a frontrunner in international energy research. The knowledge we have developed has saved the petroleum industry several hundred billion kroner. We have contributed to the development of ground-breaking cancer medicine, new solutions in renewable energy, more energy-efficient industrial processes, zero-emission transport solutions and future-oriented energy systems. Our research and expertise have led to safer use of nuclear power, and we have developed methods for verifying the disarmament of nuclear weapons. The research at IFE has created jobs in Norway, facilitated business development and generated important expertise for the Norwegian trade and industry sector. At IFE, we build bridges between research, education and industry. We have extensive infrastructure and full-scale laboratories where theoretical models are transformed into commercial activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Municipality Accounts 2001-2005
    Official Statistics of Norway D 369 Municipality Accounts 2001-2005 Statistisk sentralbyrå • Statistics Norway Oslo–Kongsvinger Official Statitics of Norway This series consists mainly of primary statistics, statistics from statistical accounting systems and results of special censuses and surveys. The series is intended to serve reference and documentation purposes. The presentation is basically in the form of tables, figures and necessary information about data, collection and processing methods, in addition to concepts and definitions. A short overview of the main results is also included The series also includes the publications Statistical Yearbook of Norway and Svalbard Statistics © Statistics Norway, Febryary 2007 Symbols in tables Symbol By use of material from this publication, Category not applicable . please give Statistics Norway as sorurce. Data not available .. Data not yet available ... ISBN 978-82-537-7145-8 Printed version Not for publication : ISBN 978-82-537-7146-5 Elektronic version Nil - ISSN Less than 0.5 of unit employed 0 Less than 0.05 of unitemployed 0,0 Topic Provisional or preliminary figure * Break in the homogeneity of a vertical 12.01.20 series — Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series | Print: Statistics Norway Decimal punctuation mark , Official Statistics of Norway Municipality Accounts 2001-2005 Preface The main purpose of these statistics is to present key figures and the economic situation is in the municipalities and county municipalities of Norway. This publication is based on yearly municipal and county municipal accounts from 2001-2005, which are the first five years all municipals are represented in the KOSTRA (Municipality-State-Reporting) publication. All the statistics in this publication have been published earlier I in different connections.
    [Show full text]
  • Informasjonsskriv Nr. 1/2020 – Statistikk 2019
    Informasjonsskriv nr. 1/2020 – statistikk 2019 Antall klagesaker behandlet i 2019 fordelt på NAV-kontor i Oslo og Viken (Lov om sosiale tjenester i NAV og forvaltningsloven) Oslo Navn Antall Nav Vestre Aker 15 Nav Østensjø 31 Nav St. Hanshaugen 46 Nav Grunerløkka 31 Nav Gamle Oslo 85 Nav Søndre Nordstrand 38 Nav Nordstrand 6 Nav Nordre Aker 23 Nav Alna 51 Nav Frogner 54 Nav Bjerke 39 Nav Stovner 64 Nav Grorud 22 Nav Sagene 19 Nav Ullern 12 Totalsum 536 Viken Navn: Antall Navn Antall Nav Ski 18 Nav Røyken 11 Nav Lørenskog 87 Nav Ringerike 15 Nav Ullensaker 49 Nav Hobøl/Spydeberg 4 Nav Oppegård 5 Nav Moss 34 Nav Aurskog-Høland 9 Nav Vestby 4 Nav Rælingen 17 Nav Lier 7 Nav Frogn 3 Nav Halden 23 Nav Nittedal 10 Nav Rakkestad 7 Nav Skedsmo 58 Nav Trøgstad 5 Nav Bærum 14 Nav Rygge 7 Nav Enebakk 13 Nav Hole 2 Nav Nes 16 Nav Numedal (Rollag) 10 Nav Ås 6 Nav Råde 6 Nav Nannestad 3 Nav Skiptvet 3 Nav Nesodden 5 Nav Hurum 2 Nav Asker 28 Nav Modum 12 Nav Eidsvoll 14 Nav Kongsberg 12 Nav Sørum 8 Nav Øvre Eiker 13 Nav Gjerdrum 3 Nav Ål 2 Nav Askim 17 Nav Marker 1 Nav Fredrikstad 94 Nav Gol og Hemsedal 5 Nav Drammen 56 Nav Nes (Buskerud) 2 Nav Nedre Eiker 17 Nav Våler 2 Nav Sigdal 2 Nav Aremark 1 Nav Sarpsborg 23 Totalsum 773 Nav Eidsberg 8 Totalt for Oslo og Viken 1309 Gjennomsnitt saksbehandlingstid. Fra NAV-kontoret mottok klagesaken og frem til oversendelse av saken til Fylkesmannen Oslo Navn Gj.snitt Nav Vestre Aker 4,6 Nav Østensjø 3,2 Nav St.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary File for the Paper COVID-19 Among Bartenders And
    Supplementary file for the paper COVID-19 among bartenders and waiters before and after pub lockdown By Methi et al., 2021 Supplementary Table A: Overview of local restrictions p. 2-3 Supplementary Figure A: Estimated rates of confirmed COVID-19 for bartenders p. 4 Supplementary Figure B: Estimated rates of confirmed COVID-19 for waiters p. 4 1 Supplementary Table A: Overview of local restrictions by municipality, type of restriction (1 = no local restrictions; 2 = partial ban; 3 = full ban) and week of implementation. Municipalities with no ban (1) was randomly assigned a hypothetical week of implementation (in parentheses) to allow us to use them as a comparison group. Municipality Restriction type Week Aremark 1 (46) Asker 3 46 Aurskog-Høland 2 46 Bergen 2 45 Bærum 3 46 Drammen 3 46 Eidsvoll 1 (46) Enebakk 3 46 Flesberg 1 (46) Flå 1 (49) Fredrikstad 2 49 Frogn 2 46 Gjerdrum 1 (46) Gol 1 (46) Halden 1 (46) Hemsedal 1 (52) Hol 2 52 Hole 1 (46) Hurdal 1 (46) Hvaler 2 49 Indre Østfold 1 (46) Jevnaker1 2 46 Kongsberg 3 52 Kristiansand 1 (46) Krødsherad 1 (46) Lier 2 46 Lillestrøm 3 46 Lunner 2 46 Lørenskog 3 46 Marker 1 (45) Modum 2 46 Moss 3 49 Nannestad 1 (49) Nes 1 (46) Nesbyen 1 (49) Nesodden 1 (52) Nittedal 2 46 Nordre Follo2 3 46 Nore og Uvdal 1 (49) 2 Oslo 3 46 Rakkestad 1 (46) Ringerike 3 52 Rollag 1 (52) Rælingen 3 46 Råde 1 (46) Sarpsborg 2 49 Sigdal3 2 46 Skiptvet 1 (51) Stavanger 1 (46) Trondheim 2 52 Ullensaker 1 (52) Vestby 1 (46) Våler 1 (46) Øvre Eiker 2 51 Ål 1 (46) Ås 2 46 Note: The random assignment was conducted so that the share of municipalities with ban ( 2 and 3) within each implementation weeks was similar to the share of municipalities without ban (1) within the same (actual) implementation weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Asen (Aasen) Family Norway Get Together
    Asen (Aasen) Family Norway Get Together August 18- 28, 2014 INCLUDED IN YOUR TOUR: 4-Seasons Vacations Tour Director, Sue Barber Tour of Oslo, Cider Tour, Norwegian Glacier Roundtrip Iceland Air flights, Minneapolis to Oslo Museum, Maihaugen Open Air Museum 9 Nights Hotel Accommodations Norway in a Nutshell tour 17 Meals: 9 breakfasts, 8 dinners Ferry Crossings Deluxe motor coach in Norway Visit family farms near Hurdal, Numedal and Baggage handling at hotels (1 bag per person) Hol-Hallingdal Roundtrip motor coach from Albert Lea to the Norwegian Tour Manager, Oslo to end of tour Airport All taxes and gratuities for Norwegian Guide and coach driver after Oslo DAY 1 MONDAY Depart via Iceland Air for Oslo, Norway via a brief stop in Iceland. DAY 2 TUESDAY (D) Welcome to Oslo, Norway! This Northern European capital city is located on a 60 mile fjord on the country’s southeastern coast. Be prepared for its beauty as the city is surrounded by pine covered islands and high hills on three of its sides. After you land in the international airport, you will be greeted by your airport assistant and motor coach. Transfer to your hotel and enjoy a welcome dinner as you conclude your first day in Norway. RADISSON BLU SCANDINAVIA HOTEL OSLO (2 nights) DAY 3 WEDNESDAY (B) Enjoy breakfast at the hotel then meet with a coach and local guide as you embark on a 3 hour sightseeing tour of the city. You will visit the National Viking Museum. It contains authentic Viking Longships which date back to 800AD! Next, check out the Vigeland Sculpture Arrangements as you tour the Frogner Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Anbefaling Om Statlig Forskrift for Kommunene I Viken Og Gran Kommune I Innlandet Fra Midnatt Natt Til 16.3.2021
    15.3.2021 Anbefaling om statlig forskrift for kommunene i Viken og Gran kommune i Innlandet fra midnatt natt til 16.3.2021 Oppsummering • Helsedirektoratet anbefaler iverksettelse av tiltak i samsvar med covid-19-forskriften kapittel 5A for kommunene i Viken fylke og Gran kommune i Innlandet • Tiltakene anbefales iverksatt fra midnatt natt til 16.3.2021 med varighet til og med 11. april 2021 • I møte med Statsforvalteren i Oslo og Viken, kommunene, FHI og Helsedirektoratet svarte 23 kommuner at de ønsket å bli omfattet av kapittel 5A i Covid-19 forskriften, 13 svarte nei, 3 var usikre og de øvrige tok ikke ordet i møtet. Statsforvalter begynte møtet med at hun ønsket at de kommunene som ikke ønsket å bli omfattet av forskriften tok ordet. Gran kommune i Innlandet ønsket å omfattes av forskriften på grunn av nærhet til Lunner og tett kontakt til Oslo. • Helsedirektoratet og FHI mener det er behov for sterke tiltak i kommuner som har en raskt økende smittetrend. Det er betydelig forskjell på smittetrykket mellom ulike kommuner i Viken. Likevel vil Helsedirektoratet og FHI anbefale at vedtaket omfatter hele fylket. I Viken dominerer den engelske virusvarianten med økt smittsomhet. Det er behov for tiltak som begrenser mobilitet gjennom pendling og sosiale og kulturelle aktiviteter mellom kommunene. Over halvparten av kommunene i Viken melder om utfordringer med TISK-kapasiteten. Kapasiteten i spesialisthelsetjenesten i Helse Sør-Øst er presset klinisk på grunn et høyt antall innleggelser og på laboratoriene på grunn av høyt prøvevolum. • Kommunene må til enhver tid konkret vurdere behovet for lokale vedtak og anbefalinger i tillegg, avhengig av den lokale smittesituasjonen.
    [Show full text]