FUTURE OF THE MARA LANGUAGE - PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS Hiphei, Ex. M.P Dr. K. Robin, Co-ordinator nata General Secretary, Maraland Research Foundation ta he a chô liata Biepipa (Subject) a tlychakapata Mara reih sie laih nawpa liata rairuna nata rainaona â kaw tyh laih awpazy ei hmô pachhipachhapa ro awpata na hnaw thlahha hra ta, ei ly kaw tarawpata ei ngiarohna a lai via syulyu. A Biepipa dâhdei chhao he Mara reih ta a do kawpata so thaipa a ru kawpata ei pahno. A naosia viapata “ Mara reih ta Rairuna nata Rainaona â kaw tyh laih awpa” tahpata ei soh thlah ha. Vâtlah nahtlapa nata theithai dah chhao châ lei thei ta, chahnaochakhipâ pata ei tao thlah ha. Maraland Research Foundation paduapa a cha thlahhapa he palôhrupa ta ei patuapalua pha beih leipa a châ. A paduatuhpazy he reithai ei na ta, ama chô liata ei ly hmeihseih. Marapazy châta ryusôhpa a pachôpakhytuhpa ama châpata pahno ei na ta, ei thlah na palôh ei ta ama chô liata hnabeiseihna chhao ei hnei hluh kaw. Hmiala ama sie laih lyma n’awpa liata hmahsiena nata hlaotlohna ama hnei laih lymapa ei khokhei hmeihseih ei.

Mara reih chhichâ laih nawpa eima laichadai hlâta khizaw liata reih nanopazy vaw y pathaona nata chhichâ laihna a tlâhpipata, a chyu thei chaina hawhta eimâ laichadai tua aw: Sir George Grierson (ICS) patohpatiahna ry liata “Language Handbook on Mother Tongues in Census” taopa châ ta, a rohtuhpa R.C. Nigam, Assistant Secretary General, Indian Census ta khizaw liata reihzy he aphu lai kawpa (family) 20 hlâta hluh via ta a pachhaih: 1. INDO-EUROPEAN : German, English, Russian, Welsh, Polish, Greek, Persian etc. 2. CAUCASIAN : Chechian, Kabardin, Georgian etc. 3. BASQUE : Basque 4. SINO-TIBETAN : Chinese, Wu, Thai, Burmese, Lao, Shan, Tibetan etc. 5. AFRO-ASIATIC : Semitic, Egyptian, Cushitic etc. 6. CONGO-KORDO : Fanian, West Atlantic, Mande Adamawa, Tumtum, Tegali etc. 7. NILO-SAHARAN : Sanghai, Saharan, Sudanic, Kunama etc. 8. KHOSIAN : Khosian, Sandawe, Hatsa etc. 9. JAPANESE : Japanese 10. UROLIC-ALTIC : Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, Khalkha etc. 11. AUSTRO-ASIATIC : Combodian, Mon, Vietnamese, etc. 12. KOREAN : Korean 13. PALEO-SIBERIAN : Chukchee 14. AINU : Ainu 15. MALAYOPOLY-NESIAN: Sudanese, Malay, Indonesia, Tagolo, Malayasy, etc. 16. PAPUAN : Bentoeni, Ono 17. AUSTRALIAN : Worora 18. AMERINDIAN(North) : Eskimo, Navaho, Apache, Cherukee etc. 19. AMERINDIAN(South) : Que chua, Aymara, Maya etc. ( rah khôtho lâta reih phulaipa thokha cha pachiahpa hluhpi hnei ei ta, thokha cha pachiahpa hnei hluh hlitha leip’ei ta, thokha chhochhi cha pachiahpa a hnei leipazy ama cha) India liata phu laipa 4 y via heih ta, chazy cha:

1 1. AUSTRO-ASIATIC : Khasi, Nicobarese, Santali, Kherwari, Mundari, Agaria etc.

2. TIBETO-CHINESE : Khamte, Tibetan, Ladakhi, Bhutani, , Jad, Bhatia, etc. 3. DRAVIDIAN : Tamil, Malayalam, Kanada, Telugu, etc. 4. INDO-EUROPEAN :Kashmiri, Sindhi, Marathi, Konkani, Orya, Bengali, Assamese,, Urdu, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Nepali, Garhwali, etc.

MARA REIH THYUTÔNA He aphulaipa (family) pachiahpa a chô liata ropazy he a hluhpi hryta a chyhta saita thao-papuapa a châ. A zydua ta ro khai a ru vata thokha ngahlah palâsapa ama châ. Pamosana ta: Korean, Ainu, Japanese zy he cha pachiahpa a hnei hluh leipazy ama châ. Tibeto-Chinese heta pachiahpa hnei hluh via chai ta, cha liata Tibeto-Burman â hlao., Tibeto-Burman ry liata Kuki-Chin y heih ta, Paite, Ralte, Hmar, Hrangkhawl, Anal, Gangte, Khumi, Chin, Sinte, Mizo, Pawi(Lai), Lakher(Mara) etc. zy cha Kuki-Chin tawhta a puapa pachiah-pachhuahpazy ama châ. (Language Handbook on Mother Tongues in Census) Reih a laichadaituhpazy ta reih rai rai he aparosana (sound) a hnai nata a sâh zie â lyu nata lyu lei rei ta aphu ta ama pachhaih. Pamosana ta Nuby sakha(1)pa he Hindi ta ‘Ek’ châ ta, English ta ‘One’ ama tah. “Ek” nata “One” cha a paro zie â hnai nata â sâhna a lyupa a châ. Chavata Sanskrit tawhta a puapa ama châ raih-ripata ama reih. He sahlao alaichadaina he apy tlah a châ khiatacha Mara reih he Tibeto-Chinese pachiahpa, Tibeto-Burman pachiahpachhuahpa Kuki Chin group liatapa a châ tlai aw. Hiakha-Thatlah reihzy, Chin, Hmar, Paite, Kuki, Mizo, Pawi, Lakher(Mara) reihzy parosana zie he a hnai nata a sâh zie âlyu rô khai. Khataih tawhta ma, khatita ma amâ vaw pachhaih hôlô tahpa deikua a laichadai hmâ aw mapi. A laichadai hr’ei sila a do chaipa pahno a ru kaw thlyu ba aw. Puhpa Haokô ta Mara History a ropa liata cha Mara reih he Marapazy Burma bypi(valley) liata ama pahrâ no tawhta a y hapa, Burma reihzy tlu rô ta a uhthei hrapa hawhta a reih.

CHI NATA REIH PACHHAIH THAI HMEIHSEIHPA CHÂ VEI History he cha hlâ nota hmo a tlôpa nata a ypazy thatih rona châ ta, a chu ta pahno cheingeipa a byuh kaw tarawpata tanoh ta a hmeihseihpata hmâ thai khao leipa hluhpi a y. Reihzy he a thyutôna alyu hrasala reih khapa châ thai khao hra v’ei. Hindi nata Englishzy Sanskrit tawhta a puapa cha hr’eisala reih miakhapa châ thai khao v’ei.Hiakha reih, Ralte, Paite, Hmar, Mizo, Mara, etc. zy he Kuki Chin liatapa châ hr’eisala reih miakhapa châ thai khao beih v’ei. Ama reih thei leipa pita eima reih thei hra v’ei. Chi nata reih he pachhaih thai hmeihseihpa cha v’ei. Ei reih cheih na ta na thei thlahhapa, a reih cheih ta ei thei thai thlahha hrapa cha ei chi-heih a châ. 1987 liana khata Legislative Assembly ahmôpakhyna(session) liata MLA pakha ta Chakma Autonomous District Council parao n’awpa Resolution pangia ta, repahmaohna hneipa a châ. Keima ta, “Autonomous District Council he Mizo a châ leipa chi chyh viapazy aboh n’awpata taopa châ ta, parao-pakei a chhuahpa cha India sawhkha kho leipa a châ zie ei duakhei. Chief Minister a châ haipa Pu Laldenga(L) khata a kaw duah ta, “Pu Hiphei, nang leh kei leh zelin ‘Mizo kan ni lo’ kan tiin tu hi nge Mizo ni ang, lo kawk teh,” eina tah. Keima ta, “ Kawh kher a ngai lovang a, kan finfiah zawk tur a ni. Tunah hian ka pianpui Mara tawngin he House ah hian thu ka sawi ang a, kan Chief Minister zahawm tak hian lehlin ngai lovin a hre vek tur a ni. A hriat silo chuan tu emaw zawk chu Mizo kan ni lo a ni ang,” ei tah. Na chhy khao hlei vei. Chi nata reih he pachhaih hmeihseih thaipa châ vei tahpa a sia kaw.

REIH HE PAHLEI THEIPA A CHÂ

2 Khizaw hmo he cha a lei thei, a rao theipa sai a châ vata reih hluhpi chhao a lei haw tahpa German Language Society ta March, 1986 liata Magazine “Mutterspreache”(Mother Tongues) a papuapa liata eima hmô. He Magazine rei zie ta cha: Kô 10000 (thykha) rachhôh a khô hapa liata khizaw chyhsa maluh 1000000 (thy zakha) rachhôh châ ei ta, reih chi 6000 tawhta 7000 rachhôh a ypata a reih. Ko 100 a sie heih awpa liata cha khizaw liata reih 100 liata 90 rô he cha a lei theipa hawhta a reih. Alaska University Professor Michael Krausa rei zie ta cha, tanoh ta reih a y haipa 300 tawhta 600 he hmâ khao leipata a lei thei awpa hawhta a reih hra. Australia liata reih 200 hryta reih 135 rachhôh cha hmâ khao leipa, a leipathla hawpata reipa a châ hra. Pu C. Chawngkunga chhaota India Independent tawhta tanoh taihta India râh liata reih 48 a lei hapata a reih hra. He ama reipazy he a zydua ta a do khai lei thei ta, reih hluhpi cha lei haw ta hmapa châ khao vei tahpa he cha ei thei rimapa châ vei.

REIHZY A LEI THEINA CHHÂPA Reih hluhpi a lei theina chhâpa he a siapata pahno thei vei hr’ei sila pangiasapata reipa eima hnei hôlô na ta ei pangiasa. 1. Hmo to he a hneituhpa liata a pahnieh kaw. A hneituhpa cha chyhsa dyutlai leipa, thathipa, heih alyu leipa, a hmo hneipazy a khâsia leipa, a pasô thai leipa a châ khiahtacha a hmohneipazy cha pualei kaw ta hmâtlâh châ leipata raopathao ta arei via nata cha a leidia thlahha tyh. Chysia phapa mâ ru kawpa chhao he a hneituhpa ta mohôh thai leipata pualei kaw sa, thy chakhyh thlahha sa, a hraina heihlâzy y tlâ khao kha sa a tah khiahcha a tao tlâh châ leip’aw ta zakhei tlao a chhih tyh. Reih chhao he a hneituhpa ta pasô thai leipa sala reih hropazy nata a pahlao-pahli thlahha khiahtacha daihti reipi tawhta cha padâh via lyma aw ta, a chhana liata cha a leipathla thlahha thei hra. 2. Chyhsa maluh chyh tupa, su kha liata hmaohkha ta y leipata chi lai viapa hryta a hiepatlâhpa chi-pho cha ama chheipâh liata chi lai viapa nata maluh hluh viapazy reih amâ hly lymana vata ama reih ama pahlei tyh. Ama reih chei awpata maluh chyh via tlôh ei ta, maluh hluh viapa chi lai viapazy reih ama hly lymana tawhta ama pikheipa reih hmahchhah cha my ei ta reih hropa ahly/hmapata ama reih cha disaopata a y thei hra. 3. Chi thokha cha ama pikheipa reih zakhei ei ta reih hropa ama pasâhsa via. He hawhpa chizy he chi lai viapazy reih chei thaipa tlai cha a palaikhei ei ta, amo reih hmahchhah ama zakhei tyh. A hneituhpazy hmâhta ama pasô leipa cha ahy hmâhta pasô ta a pabohsa khohpa y khao v’ei. Pasotuhpa, khasiatuhpa a hnei khao leipa reih cha a lei thlyupa a châ. 4. Reih thokha cha charopa(Written) ta sopa y leipata pakah ta a chhopachhuahpa(Oral) ngâhlâh a châpa vata daihti reipi a sie tawhta padâh via lyma ta a leipathla thlahha thei. 5. Thokha cha ama chheipâh liata a ypa chi hropazy hlâta maluh lâta ama chyh viapa dei châ leipata politics liatazy, khihsa-tôhtuna kyh liatazy, thaina-sona kyh liatazy ama hnai via hapa vata ama pikheipa reih pabohsa thei khao leipata a pahlei thlahhapazy chhao ama y thei hra.(He a chô liatapazy he reih a lei theina chhapa a châ khai lei thei, rohpaki leipa a châ thei hra)

MARA REIH HE EIMA CHHEIPAH LIATA REIH HROPAZY HLÂTA A HNEIRÔH VIA Eima rei hapa hawhta ei reih cheih na ta nâ thei theipa, a reih ei thei theipazy cha ei chi-heih ama châ khiahtacha, Tlôsai- reih, Hawthai reih, Vyuhtu reih, Zyhno reih, Chapi-Ngiaphia reih, Kahnô reih, Lialai-Heima reih nata Zyuh reihzy he Mara reih ta a pahly khai. Eima zydua he Marapa châ pita eima reih eimâ thei veichâh sai hra. He reih zydua he

3 eima pahlyhpakhy khai tita cha Mara reih he reih hneirô kawpa a châ aw. Tahma chhao Mara reih he reih hneirôhpa a châ pachie thlahhapata ei pahno. Pamosana ta, Vaili mahpaw ta Mongyuh reih Hla “I, though so unworthy, still I’m a child of His care” tahpa he, “Kei dyutlai vei hr’awsa Ano saihei saw ei châ” tahpata palie ta reih hropa ta palie a chhuah sila he tluta â ngiapata palie thaipa a châpata a lâ vei. “Chhô nah za na vaihtuhpa, Na vaih patly thlah ma y” tahpa chhao he a thu ta arôhnah kaw. Eima chheipâh reih hropazy ta a kho tlâ thlyu v’ei ei tah.

TANOH TA MARA REIH A DUANA SU He tlupota reih phapa nata hneirôhpa Mara reih he a thachha kaw bapata a lâ ta, eima khâsia thai leipata a châ phaichai khiatacha eima pahlei pathla thei. Khapa vata Mara reih he a thachha ta chichhihna su liata a duahpa ma a cha?

1. Politics liata eimâ duana su a hnai tu: India Constitution taotuhpazy ta Mararâh Chozah bei, Hlychho bei, Bohia bei nata Nôhro bei abeina râh cha Mizo District Council râh Sailo nata Zadengzy abeina râh chhôh liata miah khôpa ha ei ta, Sixth Schedule liata “District Council y aw ta, a chhôh liata chi hropazy ama y khiatacha Regional Council piepa ama châ aw,” tahpata ropa châ ta, he dâh atlychakapa heta 1952 liata Lushai Hills District Council a vaw pih. Cha District Council râh chhôh liana chata Pawi-Lakher Regional Council cha 1953 liata paduapa a châ. He no tawhna heta Sailo nata Zadeng beizy ta sahaw-sabai ama khei beih leina Mararâh cha Lushai Hills District Council (Mizo District Council) râh chhôh liata khôpa a châ haw. Pawi-Lakher Regional Council Member a tlyh pita, Mizo District Council lâta vyuhtuapa MDC eimâ tlyh heih hra. He heta Chozah, Bohia, Hlychho nata Nôhro beina râh a châ tyhpa kha Sailo nata Zadeng beina râh liata a y haw tahpa a palâsa pasia. Chahrasala Mizo District Council ta eima chô ta biehnei tu hlei v’ei. Mizo District Council nata Pawi-Lakher Regional Council biehneina cha a khorô thlah ha. Anodeikua Mizo District Council ta Primary siku liata bie a hnei theipa cha Pawi- Lakher Regional Council ta a hnei thei lei vata Mizo reih ta Primary siku liata châ eima chu pathao. He heta Mara reih tha pachha pathao ta chahrasala Mara reih cha chichhihna su liata y mah vei. 1972 liata Mizo District Council cha Union Territory lâta pakiasâhsapa châ ta, Pawi-Lakher Regional Council cha District Council 3 lâta pachhaihpa a châ. He no tawh heta biehneina âpahlie pathao ta 1986 liata State pitlohhpa vaw châ lao heih ta, he no tawhna heta Mizozy ta kyh toti liata eima chôta bie ama hnei haw. Sapha châ sala Kg 100 hlâta a hri viapata maniah ama vi ha ba. Eima chi-pho nata reih cha kyh to liata rie patheipata y ta, a thachha via lyma.

2. Maluh chyh tuna: Mizo nata pakhopâ pata cha Marapa he eima chyh kaw. Mizo reih a cheihpa maluh pôhna cha Marapazy pôhna hlâta chahra via syulyu ta, he heta Mizo reih a cheihpa pahluh via lyma ta, Mara reih a cheihpa a pachyh via lyma. A hluh viapa reih ta a chyh viapa reih cha-ie ta tha a pachhâ via lyma. 3. Mara reih ta ropa Châbu, Thatihbu etc. a chyh tu: Hlabu nata Biehrai tah leipata cha Mara reih ta Châbu, Thatihbu, Magazine etc. rei awpa hnei hlithâ mapi. Satlia laihsa nata eima tusawzy heta Mara reih ta ropa rei awpa ama hnei tu leina zawhzi ta Mizo reih ta ropa Chabu, Thatihbu etc. zy nohchareih ta ama reipa a byuh haw.TV liata nata Radio tawhta biephuahpa zydua Mizo reih sai châ ta, Mara thyutliazy ta nohchareih dawh chareih rôta ama nahkhaoh liata a ngia hluh viapa reih chei ama panaosa via ha ba. Ama nahkhaoh liata a ngia hlithâ leipa Mara reih cha Mizo reih ta khu tu ha ba ta, ama pikheipa reih hmahchhah a pahnia kawpata chei thai khao leipa ei ta Mizo reih chei tlao ama panaosa via.

4 4. Hla, bie nata paropasyutheipa(music) liata eima hnai via: Marapazy he Bie a phi thaipa, Hla a phi thaipa nata paropasyupa(music) a tô thaipazy he hnei hluh ba hr’ei sila; he liana heta Mizozy a kho mâh mapi. Mizonah he hlasa thaipa, biephi thaipa nata music thaipa hluh ei ta, he heta miah tlâ tu ha ta, Mara hla nata bie tha a pachhâ kaw. Mara satlia laihsazy hryta hlasa thaipa y hôlô hr’eisala Mizo hlasa thaipazy a tlu hmeihseih a rupa dei châ leipata hla cassette ama tao tlakaihpazy chhao a chaleipa ama hluh lei vata zuady a ru kaw. Machâ nata Khichhôh Machâ hluhpi ta Mara Biehrai hlâta Mizo Biehrai hmâ via ei ta, Mizo reih tlao amâ paoh via. Mizo sahlao ta ama hla sa ta ama reih chei awpata maniah amâ hnaw taraw leipata ama reih chei leipa nata ama hla sa leipata y thei khao mapi.

5. Mara reih pasô leipata pasâhsa a chhuah hlithâ mapi: Eima hmo hneipazy he keimo ta pasô ta eima khâsia leipata cha mohropa ta vaw uasa thai beih v’ei. Marapazy hry ta chyhsa a isyuh leipa, a hualua kawpa, hmo hmeihseihpa a pachâ hoh hlithâ leipa eima hluhpâ kaw ba. He hawhpazy heta Marapa chi nata reih pasô ta pasâhsa ta, a boh nawpa châta hria hualua, ha hualuapa hoh v’ei. Buakha châta mopakha athôhna a tluapa “Rao chhyh, chaih chhyh” policy a hmâhpa eima y hôlô. Hmiamo chô a kiahpa, Marapa hlâta chi hropa pasâhsa via ta reih hropa a pasô viapa eima y chili. Râh-luhpa, Awnanopa luhpa, Châthaipa, sawhkhâ raihriapazy chhao miah a rôkia khai ha ba. A pakhyna liatazy, vatlâh a hmaohpakhyna liatazy, bielôhhawhpa reina liatazy Mara reih a suapa hmâ a chhuah tlâlaw leipata Mizo reih pahlao thomo a chhuahpa eima hluh tu ha ba. Mara reih ta a hnei leipa “Sabaw”,”Sawhkha” etc. zy cha reih hropa châ hr’eisala hmâ lei theipa châ leipata, Mara reih a pahneirôsatuhpa hawhta pachâ theipa a châ thlah ha. Anodeikua Mara reih pha kawpa nata a ngia kawpa y thlahna chôta, “Parawpachaw” vyuhpata “uar”, “a saohiah” vyuhpata “rawn”, “pasipadi” vyuhpata “ren”, “paphapahlysa” vyuhpata “panuam-sa” etc. eima hmâ tupa he cha keimo sasyh a zakheipa eima lyu; Mara reih tha pachhâ ta, Mizo reih tha tlao a patlô. Marapazy he khazia tlyma he hawhta eima y thlahha tly? Burma Marapazy chhochhi cha Mara reih ta bie rei thlahha tlôhpata Hiakha reih nata Burma reih ama pahlao hluh via. Mahnô-mahpawzy kha kaw thyu heih ei sala tahma ta eima Mara reih he ama thei thai suahluah va ma!! Nôpaw viapa hluhpi ta eima tusawzy Mara reih chei hnao ta pathaisa a chhuah leipa pita Mizo reih sai cheipata, chyhsa hluhpi ochhôh reih(family language) cha Mizo reih a châ ha ba. Chi hro, reih hropa Mararâh liata a ypazy chhao Mara reih ta a chhy leipa pita Mizo reih sai eima cheihnao. Hezy vana heta Mara reih tlapahnai via lyma ta Mizo reih he eima râh liata a sâh via lyma.

MARA REIH HE PACHHA TA EIMA PABOHSA CHEINGEIPA A CHÂ La hlapi liata o a hneipa cha chyhsa hneirôhpa nata hmotao thei kawpa châ hrasala eima ohmo cha-iepata miah chhu thai beih aw v’ei.Eima ohmo cha-iepata miah a chhupâ thei awpa cha eima opapa a châ cheingei aw. Cha hawh hrata Mara reih cha-ie ta a disao thei awpa cha eima chheipah liata a ypa Kuki-Chin group liatapa reihzy he ama châ tahpa rei byuh leipata eima pahno haw. Mizo, Hiakha etc. reihzy ta Mara reih cha-ie ta tha a pachhâ ngâsâ tahpa eima pahno no heta eima luh a chahnao ta a khu thlah ha awpa deikua la châ mapi. “Hailamaw!” tah ta eima luh pachhuapata eima theina zydua papuapata pachha ta eima pabohsa cheingeipa a byuh. 1. Politics liata a duana su paryh awpa: Eima chheipah chi lai viapa Mizonah he keimo hlâta hluh via syulyu ei, thaiso via syulyu ei, hneirô via syulyu ei, hmo tao thei via syulyu ei, tah ei ta; kyh to liata keimo hlâta ama sâh via haw. Sapha châ sala quintal kha hlâta a hri viapata maniah ama vi. He tawhta pua ta a boh awpata cha

5 eima so thai kawpa a byuh. Quintal khapa he Kg 10, Kg 20 ta thy-pathla lyma ta dusaw ta thy-pathla khai eima chhuah aw. Mizoram sawhkha ta miah a vina he pahua via lyma ta keimo a hrina pahluh via eima chhuah awpa a peimawh. Eima chatho pathla hmeihseih thei n’awpata Marapazy rei eimâ raoh awpa dei châ leipata Chakma nata Lai-nahzy nata eimâ baopasupa a byuh. Eimâ baopasupa dei châ leipata India sawhkha ngiachhie tlâhpa nata khokhei tlâh châ awpata ngâ eima chhih hr’awpa a châ. India sawhkha ta biehneina lai viapa nata phusa hluh via eima hmô thei nawpa miah a taopa tita cha tahma ta Maw sawhkhâ ta eima chô liata bie a hneina hluhpi cha eima Council ry liata a y ha ba aw. Cha tita cha Maw sawhkhâ ta miah a vi tuna tawhta a hua via ha ba pita keimo eima hri via ha ba aw. Biehneina lai viapa nata phusa zy hnei hluh via ba aw pita, cha tita eima chi-pho nata reihzy chhao hmiamo vaw y via ha h’raw ta, keimo sasyh ta a mohôhpata eima khopa eima tao thei via ha aw. Eima khopa eima tao thei tita cha eima reih pasô via h’aw pita eima pasâhsa thei ha aw. Tanoh khizaw liata râh hneirôpa nata rôhnahpa zydua ta ama reih pasô ei ta, ama pasâhsa chyu. Mongyuh reih dahdei chhao he khapasaw ta reih tlâ khao v’ei.

2. Marapa he Khazohpa khokhei eihhrâhpa chi-pho eima châ: Khazohpa cha chi to, pho to nata reih to a taotuhpa nata a hneituhpa cha hrasala Marapazy he miah a khokhei pachai tahpa he eimâ laichadai awpa a byuhpata ei pahno. Khizaw liata Krizypa missionary sâh hluhpi pua ha ei ta chi moh, pho moh ta mission paduapa he y tlâ thlyu v’ei. Vaili mahpaw, R.A. Lorrain ta Mararâh â kaw ngia hlâ, 1905 liata “Lakher Pioneer Mission” London khihpi liata a padua. He he khizaw liata chi-pho moh ta mission a duah chhôhpa a châ. Cha dei châ vei, India, Burma nata Pakistanzy Independence ama hmô tawhta English Missionary zydua ama râh lâ phie amâ lie khai haw. Marapa Missionary zy deikua ama râh lâ alie khoh lei p’ei ta Mararâh liata ama luh amâ pabu khai. Tahma taih Pihnô Vaili(Violet) cha eima hnohta pahrâ ta, a mahnô-mahpawzy, a nô nata pawzy a ziana Mararâh leilô liata a luh â pabu hra aw. Britisher a do ngâsâpazy luh Mararâh leilô ta a nie khai thlah hapa he hmo thlahthlipata rao thei rimâpa châ vei. Marapa chi nata pho, reih nata râh leilô zy châta yzie a thu kawpa nata a sâh kawpa a hnei cheingei hnabeiseih s’u. Marapazy châta byhna hluhpi nata sivâphana a tlôkhei cheingei aw. Khazohpa ta Vaili mahpaw hmâpata a taopa, Mara reih chhao he khizaw liata reih hropa zydua hlâta a nano chai khiamaw! Eima bie reipa zydua he a chhana liata Hmao pabieh ta rairupâ kawpata a chhapa y tlâ vei. Rainao kawpa nata thadâh kawpa, hmao pabieh lylia byuh leipata ‘vowel’ ta a chhapa sai a châ. He hawhpa reih he cha reih sôhpa nata reih a nano kawpa châ ta, miah a pietuhpa Khazohpa heta a lei pathlah thlahha awpa he a pasai thai na ta a ngia hra vei. “Khazia ei reih ei pahlei aw, Chô Khazoh eina piepa cha” tah hialiapa tlai a châ.

3. Mara reih ta Châbu hluh via taopa: Eima râh liata phusa a hluh via â vaw ngia tita cha Mara reih ta châbu hluh via, hlabu chi nano-nanopa hluh via, Magazine hluh via nata thatihbuzy papua thei h’aw pita,eima thyutlianah zy Mara reih ta rei awpa hluh via ama vaw hnei tita cha Mizo reih châbu reipa bâ sai viapata Mara reih châbuzy ama reih hluh via hra aw. Eima Biehrai nata Hlabuzy yzie hnei viapata patoh-patiah aw pita a hluh thei chaina hawhta eima pachhuhsa aw. Biehrai nata Hlabuzy cha a saipata Burma Marapazy eima rai aw. Chatanachata Mara reih a cheihpa nata a pasôpa eima pôh via rili aw. 4. Mara reih cheihchalopa: Mara reih zakhei ta reih hropa a pasâhsa via tyhpazy chhaota Mara reih eimâ palaikhei ba awpa a byuh. Eima râh liata reih hro a cheipa zydua he Mara reih cheihnao ta pathaisa eima chhuah awpa a châ. Marapa zydua ta eima ochhôh reih châta Mara reih eima hmâ awpa a châ. Ahyrai Khazohpa biereina tlyma politics tlyma nata bie-lôhhawhpa liata chhao reih hropa pahlao leipata Mara reih sikhua hmâ thei eima chhuah cheingei awpa a châ. 6 Hmo to he a hneituhpa ku liata â pahnieh khai rô tahpa pahno khai ha pita, Marapazy eima hmiamo y via sa, eima rei a raoh via sa, eima khihsatôhtu a dôkhaw via sa a tah tita cha eima reih chhao a hmiamo y viapata a chei khohpa chhao eima vaw pôh rili ba aw. Rairuna hluhpi tawhta Mara reih eima pachha thei tita cha:

“Chi hropazy mopakhôna, Ru hrasala thlihpipa hawh;

Lei khao aw vei Mara reih he, Sâh rili aw he khizaw lia.” tahpata 1978 rachhôh liata hla ei vaw taopa he a hmeihseihpa ta a tlô cheingei aw, tahpa ei ngiapâ.

Châbu a saohiahpazy: 1. Nigam R.C. : Language Handbook on Mother Tongues in Census 2. Haokô C. : Mara History, 2009 3. German Language Society : Magazine “Mutterspreache” March, 1986

Shri Hiphei, Paper present at Conference Hall,Forest Deptt.MADC,Siaha 7

He Paper Present tawhta hiahrina nata achhyna bie pachiapa-zy 1. Sailo nata Zadeng beizy ta sahaw-sabai ama khei beih leina Mararâh cha Lushai Hills District Council (Mizo District Council) râh chhôh liata khôpa a châ haw tahpa he Mararah cha Sailo nata Zadeng beizy ry liata maniah a kho haw tahna haw chata, he he a doleipa a cha. Mizo District Council Hlata Laker District Council he noh 2 ta tlao eima uthei via, order number chhao hmo thei awpa ta y thla ha pa a cha? Answer from Hiphei:

Mara beizy tlyma /Mararah cha sailo nata Zadeng beizy ry liata maniah a soh tahna cha vei. India Constitution ta Sixth Schedule ataona liata Mizoram District Council y aw ta, a chhôh liata chi hropazy ama y khiatacha Regional Council pieepa ama châ aw,”. tahpata ropa châ ta, he dâh atlychakapa heta 1952 liata Lushai Hills District Council a vaw pih. Cha District Council râh chhôh liana chata Pawi-Lakher Regional Council cha 1953 liata paduapa a châ. Hehe dah ry liata eima y hapa vata dah ta apasai mah vei. 2. Mara reih paso pata Marahreih isai chei ba awpa eima tah nota, Party Office lia zychhao Marahreih saitachei thai pa cha hlei tlo leipa ta? Education Department.MADC ry liata English Medium of Instruction ta eima sopa he khapa e alyu, mo pathi a daih mah ma? Answer : He tawhta ei vaw soh aw. 3. Comment from S.Vadyu Marahreih achuna bu lia heta ahlu via ta hla pahlao viapa cha sala, hla chhao he pachu pa tyh pa chasala tahpa khona bie a reih.

Comment he a pie thei lyma pa a cha. [email protected] liana heta comment he copy apie thei sala thapa eima cha haw.

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