' Gra mmar a nd Vo ca bula ry OF THE Samoan La ngu a ge

i Together w th Rem arks on s ome of th e P oint s of Simil arity between the S a moan a nd th e Tahitian a nd M a or i Langu ages

”0 BY 4 H N E FFGE N . 0 Tr a nsl a ted f r om Ik e Ger ma n A R N LD B ST CK O . O

London

KEGA N PAU L TRE N CH TRUBN ER & C 0 Ltd , , .

Broadwa H ous e 68— 74 Carter Lane C y , , , E . 1 9 1 8

C ONTE NTS

P A GE INTR ODUCTION P RONUNCIATION WORD SYSTEM AR TICLE NOUN DECLENSION ADJECTIVE

COMP A R A TIVE SUPERLATIVE

P O O P E R S ON A L R N UNS , P OSSESSIVE RELATIVE INTER R OGATIVE INDEFINITE REFLE! IVE THE VERB THE OPTATIVE Moon THE SU BJU N CTI VE Moon THE INFINITIVE Moon THE P ARTICIPLE THE MEDIUM FORM IRREGULAR VE R R S THE AU! ILIARY VE R Bs THE COMPOUND VERBS i v . Contents

P A GE THE CARDINAL NUMERALS THE ORDINAL NUMERALS FRACTIONS MULTIPLICATION NUMERALS THE P REPOSITIONS ADVERBS OF P LACE ADVERBS OF TIME OTHER ADVERBS CONJUNCTIONS WORDS ONLY USED WITH REFERENCE TO CHIEFS

Y ! Y O S NTA , AND RULES APPL ING T IT THE ADJECTIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES SELECTIONS FOR READING REMARKS ON SOME OF TH E P OIN TS OF SIMILARITY BETWEEN TH E SAMOAN AN D TH E TAH ITIAN AN D MAoRI LANGUAGES TAHITIAN MAORI SELECTIONS FOR R EADING TAHITIAN MAORI VOCABULARY ENGLISH- SAMOAN SAMOAN- ENGLISH WORDS IN GENERAL U S E SYSTEMATICALLY AR RANGED GR A MMA R

SA MOA N LA N GU A GE

INTR OD U CTI ON

TH E a moa n is a a n of Ma la - ol n a n l a n ua S br ch the y P y esi g ge , which is S prea d over the whole isla nd world Of the Pa cific a n om Ma a a a to ou A m a a nd to Oce fr d g sc r S th eric , is be oun a r ou dia l in M l a n a n Ma l a a n f d (with its v i s ects) the e esi , y , a n ol n a ou of l a n one of u d P y esi n gr ps is ds . It is the n merou s Polynesia n tongu es which a re in us e over the ea stern a nd

ou a n a a of Ma l a - ol n a x ndi n rOiI hl s th e ster re y P y esi , e te g , g y , e l a a la from N w Z ea a nd to the H wa ii n Is nds . From the sta ndp oint of gra mma r the Polynesia n l a n ua a nno a a s on a nd l of g ges c t be reg rded str g , few etters l a e a a re the a ph bet a r u tilized . D nd B never u sed R a nd K a re Of a oc u n a nd n onl in H , , r re c rre ce , the y l o a words tha t ha ve been introduced . Al w rds h ve a vowel m na on a nd mol o a l o m a r e ons u ter i ti , their ety gic f r s c tr cted

'

m o m n of a l a a .to oo by the e pl y e t p rtic es tt ched the r ts , o m n a lu na or ol n o thereby f r i g gg ti tive p ysy thetic w rds , the pa rticles being sometimes stru ng one a fter the other ’ o For xa l u ou a n n n n . m a a thr gh t e tire se te ce e p e f , ’ ’ ’ to a u a nd uma u a ll a a uma to fin m na c se , , q ite , f , ish , ter i te a to ll n 737 m to n a inu to s fi , be wi i g ; , dri k ; fi , be thir ty ; ’ ’ ’ ’ a a to n u o o to o a a o o to l a a nd f , i d ce ; , g f , e d ,

s o on. 2 INTRODUCTION

Th e Sa moa n a lpha bet is c omprised of onl y fourteen l — five o l a u a nd n n on ona n etters v we s , , e , i , O , , i e c s ts , l m n v — h a nd onl o u n in o f , g , , , , p , s , t , , , k , r y cc rri g w rds f n o n a s a ura ol a reto a k o o t . f reig rigi , , g d ; , bre d ; , key The la n ua now on a n ma n n o u o g ge c t i s y i tr d ced w rds , or less distorted by a dded vowel s a nd substituted con in o to na l na to a ul a ona n m . s ts , rder e b e the tive rtic te the P R ONU NCIA TI ON

V OWE L S

A is prono unce d like a in fa ther E a fa te I i ma chine 0 O note U u flute

Diphthongs a r e a little more strongly ac centua ted tha n l a n a o l onou a a l in E n d n . g ish , e ch v we is pr ced sep r te y o dia a l — W n . n n u he writte , h wever , the critic sig is sed , l a o a k a etymol ogica consider ti ns m ing this necess ry . In ' l a of wa s o m l a on ona n w now p ce the there f r er y c s t , hich

’ ’ ' - f E a) . ua a ha s on out o us e . a d a i O g e p , pig (p ) ; , ’ - vi u u fis t if N . there ( , ( )

C ON S ON A N TS

a F is pronounced the sa me s in E nglish . ha s the soun of n in s in er a nd 18 on l G d g g , never str g y o enuncia md l k the n i n ou n er . E x” ta i i e g y g g , weep , cry — — a n eno k on n eno . t gi ; g , bec g L m n a nd a ll a a m onun a on a s , , , p , s , v h ve the s e pr ci ti in E nglish . T a l a oun a s in E n l x in a I is w ys s ded g ish , e cept few lac in a moa m l k due uma l p es S , where it rese b es , , pres b y , to n u n of a o n on u a t om o e the i fl e ce f reig t g e s e rem t period . s not to a a s a ul but m l a ro Thi is be reg rded r e , ere y p li vincia s m .

There a re no double consona nts in Sa moa n; but every 3 4 PRONUN CIATION

on ona n oll o a o l n in o n o c s t is f wed by v we , eve f reig pr per

E x P e . . tem na m . es , Peter E o m na w a o l co very w rd ter i tes ith v we , thereby n u n a l to of n a nd a u of la n a trib ti g gre t y the s t ess be ty the gu ge . Proper na mes a r e the onl y words wr itten with a ca pita l l etter . The penultima te sylla bl e is the one on which the a n mo u ua ll a ll but om m ma l a cce t st s y f s , s eti es it y be p ced o la or on om la in a o n the st sec d fr st , which c ses it is sh wn ow l to a . E 93 a ok o n . ta ma by str e ver the v e be cce ted , md a ta/mciloa ll o mdna ia b o tu . y ; , f ther ; , fe w ; , pretty l Mo or n m or . st w ds begi with f , , , p , t So fa r a s the gra mma r a nd synta x of the la ngua ge a re on ne a re in a a of a moa n c cer d they reflected the ch r cter the S ,

who a mia l on a nd n l . l a ou is b e , h est , frie d y He is zy , th gh , a nd ll ma k a romis e a l nou but ulfilm n wi e p re di y e gh , the f e t f o t . o a a of it is a nother ma t er He is f rgiving n ture . His fiighty and plea sure - l oving disposition is the most notice a l Oi a a a nd ow l a ul a l b e his ch r cteristics , this sh s itse f p rtic r y f in his la ngua ge . Instea d o confining himself to a ny a ula ul in ma of e m to p rtic r r es the tter sp ech , it see s be the

u o to a l on a l of ns a c o to s our c st m b bb e reg rd ess se e , c rding not on a nd n o u a in o ne n n a o i s , it Ofte cc rs th t se te ce w rd

Al l ul a empl oyed a second time . pec i rities which ap pea r ’ in l a n ua a r e a u a l to th e a moa n unn his g ge ttrib t b e S s s y,

a - O- l u k o on o w h a n n o n h ppy g c y disp siti , t gether it i b r - a li I a a re remissness a nd u nreli bi ty . n m ny c ses there a no mea ns Of distinguishing between A ctive a nd Pa ssive n n a l o to or ma on Of l a but no i e p rtic es g the f ti the tter , l l a o f specia l ru es ca n be id d wn or their u s e . This renders a l l l x n for u n a t fir but in n a l it itt e perp e i g the st de t st , ge er

' a e c ot 'be a to a l e the la ngu g ca nn s id present m ny difficu ti s . WOR D S YS TE M A R TICLE

’ TH E definite a rticl e is expressed by o la (pronounced ’

oh la a nd n fin 3 6 . E x o la a le, y) the i de ite by _ f the ’ ’ f l l ou o la é e o se tame a . W n h se ; , the c th ; , gir he it is

' to m a n fin a l ta s z one o n wished e ph size the i de ite rtic e , , , is fte pla ced before the noun but in this ca se the definite a rticle

n ta a, n l o Is toss ta a a n. u E x. u . m is sed with it g , Freq e t y ’ la is used a l one instea d of o la when Spea k ing of a thing in a n a l wa bu t n fin a l a a a s ge er y , whe the de ite rtic e ppe rs fi o in or a t e nn n of a n n the rst w rd , the very b gi i g , se te ce , ’ l l l o la shou d a wa ys be emp oyed .

N O U N

r onl one n o l ea k n in a moa n The e is y ge der , pr per y sp i g , S , a nd no a mma a l n on n ma n a nd oma n gr tic disti cti betwee w , but in n to a n ma l a r e on n o referri g i s , which c sidered i feri r n s ex n a n u b bei gs , the , where it is ecess ry , is disti g ished y o oet ma l e a nd d ne ma l the w rds p , , f fi , fe e . ’ fin a l o Ze a ll noun in The de ite rtic e , , precedes s the ’ n ula nu m a nd 0 o in lu a l but n a si g r ber , th se the p r , whe thing is referred to in a genera l wa y this is a l so dispensed ’ ' ’ E : o Is mdzle o 0 . d made o with a , the g ; , the d gs ; ma l ’ ‘ ils o . u a num n o la mdila , d gs The d ber is re dered by , two o or o o the d gs , b th the d gs . DECLENSION

A s a in E n l no o l n o n is the c se g ish , there is pr per dec e si Of nou n in a moa n l a n ua but o m the the S g ge , it is f r ed by us e of os on the prep iti s . 6 WORD SYSTEM

S I N GU LA R

’ l the ou s e o le a e . f , h

l o r ( I le al of the o a c ou s e . , f , h

7720 or nm is a le to th e ou s e , f , h , w th e ou ith h s e .

7? la ole ou s e in the e ou s . f , the h , h [e f f/la e h ous e

The l u ra l is or med in e xa ctl the s a m ma nne b u t p f y e r ,

e o the r o r o f e tha t la is dr opp d u t . E i f m the g nitive

l e e — 1 o r ( 1 1c he o e s ingu a r ca n b u s d o 0 . T m a nd a m of th da v a r e a l s o n e rc a n ea l e a nd the u s e o f e ther ca n ti e i t h g b , i b e l e to the l ea s ur e of the s ea e r bu t s ou ld a a r t cl e ft p p k , h p i

r ce e t e, re s o fo ll w s e d h o t o n m o a nd not nm . p p p i i , I n the a cc u s a ti ve the p r e po s itio n 1 a ppea r s b efore the

s a s e ea o f i e a cc v e h th n n . u s a t e o t n nou n . T i h m i ng Th i f a ppea r s in Sa m oa n wh e r e in a E u r o pea n la ngua ge a noth er

l t i ll he e a t w l er ca s e wou d b e u s ed b u t h s w d l t a t . , i i h The 75 is cha ng ed i nto { a b efo re pr O pe r na m es a nd pers o na l

"

r o o n E in b e he e m, Ta i a e t n n . n u s . a . m m p , ( ) If a wor d in the a cc u s a tiv e s h o u ld di r e ctl y foll ow a

l e s x ma v r e o e 1 r a i . E e b th i is d r pp d a nd 0 o n y m n . ’ - tuli es e [e { mm1700 l th e fell o w a wa y l It is s eldo m , , h o we er t a t th e a moa n w ll b e ou nd to u s e the u ll v , h S i f f a u s a t ve ca s e cc i .

' I n the voca t ve th e o is no t u s ed bu t a n 0 oll o ws the i , f wo E m : Ie ( 1111 c l S ir ! te n the e nt r e a rt c le rd . , Of i i , ” l r e nd l ta méi c l 0 l a a a e E r . 8 010 c n o n d . , is b d , f i ; ,

a er ! is ver e e ra l The a ove r ul es a l s o f th This v g n . b l to h l ra l a pp y t e p u . In rega rd to p er sons a nd things a ll uded to in a c ollective ’ s o a u is O te e l o e It is a l a u s e s e n e the w rd f n mp y d . w ys d WORD SYSTEM 7 in lu a l a nd a n la olk o l E x the p r , is best tr s ted by f , pe p e . ’ ’ ’ o la a u us e o - olk va a , (br ther f ) ; , ’ ’ ’ ’ a uva a a l o - olk o Is a uu e a a o ship , s i rs (ship f ) p g , w rri rs o l Of a (pe p e the rms) .

A D JE CTIVE

The Sa moa n a djective is a l wa ys pl a ced a fter the noun ua l fi l oll ow n or in om na on it q i es , either direct y f i g , c bi ti a n e a nd l k noun n a a l x n with , , i e the , is i v ri b e , e cept whe it

u — a — I a n n a s a . n is sed which Ofte h ppe s verb this c se , now a nd n a a n a k l a in E x the , ch ge t es p ce the ’ ’ o la We mama l o o la ma n o ma ua lu a , the red c th g g , the ’ ' ' ’ moun a n o la ta ma tttt tt l l l o ta a ta high t i , the itt e chi d g lea a k e m n . g , the wic ed a r e a Of oo o n u a s ou new There djectives r t rigi , s ch f , ,

' lelez a u ul a nd o a a r e a nd o na , be tif , th se th t derived rigi te om o a of a on of fr ther p rts speech , either by the dditi a l or a a l a a f a l E a: p rtic es the m g m tion o sever words . ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o la ma a on ma a a on o la ele ele , the st e , st y , the dirt ’ ’ ’ ’ ele ele a r ma ta ua a u l om ma m , di ty ; p , g y (derived fr ,

’ ’ ' a a nd ua a i ma ta zi a a ou om f ce , p , p g) ; , v rici s (derived fr ’ ma m a a a A s a l nd a n a a n . a , gry , peevish ppe r ce) re dy m n on ca n a k la Of a a nd a re e ti ed , verbs t e the p ce djectives r l a a s u o a n a lu a o ma on . t e ted s ch , these w rds h vi g p r f r ti E a: va t a ta e flow va ita e o n , w ter ; f , ; f , the river , fl wi g

- a em a lele to etdlele oo n a . w ter ; f , st r , fly ; f , the sh ti g st r A u a a n a l o k la f a n a s bst ntive c s ta e the p ce O djective . E x hie l o antimoe We mamoe la nk , c th ; , sheep ; , b et , o l " f l a le 56 ou o o n . c ver et ; f , h se c th , te t A l re u l a djectives which denote co our a red p ic ted . E x mama om m1} to u n s ina s ina , red (fr , b r ) ; , white om s ine to s a ma s a ma ell o om s a ma (fr , be white) , y w (fr , 8 WORD SYSTEM

a a n a l on redu li to dye) . When these djectives st d e the p ca ted o m u but l ua l n a nou n f r is sed , if direct y q ifyi g , they ’ ’ ne hi Bu t e l o E a: o la o u s i . se it . f , the w te dress , s a ma s a ma le u a lea s o ell o ll o f g , thi fl wer is y w (it is ye w the o fl wer this) . In the ca se Of severa l a djectives being u sed with a noun fi one oll ow l a nd o a r e , the rst f s it direct y the thers onn m a n of on un on ma a nd a nd c ected by e s the c j cti ( ) , the ’ a l E x la tas i ta a ta mana ia ma le a nicici a is . . o rtic e g , ’ distinguished a nd ha ndsome ma n ; o la p ap a mafolafola ’ ma le molemole a l l a nd moo o o dna u e lea a , eve s th r ck f g ’ ma ls a a titi a l n a re a nd . f p , the chi dre wicked dirty

COMPARATIVE

The Sa moa n ha s no method of compa ring the a djective a n l l o t such s we ha ve in E g ish . He Ofte n emp ys wo a one of ma a a on a m a n n to djectives , which y h ve c tr ry e i g o oll o n xa m l ll x la n the ther . The f wi g e p es wi best e p i . ’ ’ E x 6 ma ta lelei le nwa lenei a e ma ta ua a is m e lea p , mo a u ful a n - ma ta lelei a u ul this is re be ti th , be tif ; ’ ’ le mea lenei a bu t ma ta ua a u l le mew lea , this ; , ; p , g y “ l l 0 a . a fu but a E lelei a ns i u u . th t This is be ti , th t is g y d ’ m tou a e lea a one nono o to o a n ma n . g f , it is better g th re i a ll oo for u s to o but ba d for us to Re y , it is g d g it is rema in . There is a lso a nother mea ns of denoting compa rison a l n i silis ili n on or n . S il whe de i g with pers s thi gs , , very ; ma tud u a tili no mou lama la a , s re ; , e r s ; (p ced fter) , very ; x l in a o o a u ito . W n a r e la p , e cessive y he these p ced p d sis (the c onsequ ent cla use of a sentence) the c ompa red nou n ’ ta k e s the a ccusa tive form (denoted by the loss of the o WORD SYSTEM 9

l ’ is E a}. ili in a o . 6 s te e le ma n e i le a le the rtic e , ) i g f , the ' ’ moun a n a n hou s ef Tele bi o le ma u a t i is bigger th the , g g ,

NOTE — In Sa moa n the subject u sua lly ta k es second ’ la i a a l o a l o a l a o n m m . p ce , which c se the rtic e is st w ys itted ’ E x ua e s ili ma ma le ta ma lenei i lend b o ol , this y is der a e B t ou ca a l o a 6 ma t a t th n tha t on . u y n s s y : u is a me ’ lenei a e itiiti lend b o old but a one ou n , this y is , th t is y g i i e la u of a ca o i ii i . Th n n onl ( ) tter t r phr se , h wever , y be

u s to x s o a oo - ba ol - b - a ed e pre s c ntr st g d d p ite a d m nnered . The Sa moa n would mostly us e the former method of x n ms l in a o xa m l a ll a s e pressi g hi e f the b ve e p es , especi y it o n r a n a r e n a s u ds bette d fewer words ecess ry .

SUP ERLATIVE

u l a o m a id of a The s per tive is f r ed by the dverbs , which a r e la m o a nd o Ma t o m m m a . ud p ced s eti es bef re s eti es fter , ’ s ili s ilis ili a a o and l a va ta s i na uci a , ppe r bef re , , , fter the a E a; ma tud tele r a om an n a . o tele la v cc p yi g djective , , ’ ’ l a o la s ilis ili tele 0 lo a u ito very rge , the very highest p i na u ma ll of l F r v bi i iiii i d n . o er f , the s est the chi dre y g , a moa n m l u o s ili n la the S si p y ses the w rd , which is the p ced a a a s a n a a u la fter the nou n nd serves djective . If s per tive is empl oyed in a c ompa ra tive sense the object ma y ' be in or — mo o n— in a u a either the genitive re fte the cc s tive . ’ ’ E x le s ili ia te outou a a on . o m ou . , the gre test gst y ’ ’ ’ I a a a f o b n o te outou u o a to u . 0 la is the cc s tive , y ’ ’ i o ou us e a ll of o 0 o a u ito ii iii m m . u p , the s est y br thers ’ l a l f n u o lo u m . is the ge itive p r , y Should the superla tive form of the a djective be u sed a noun a l e n with the p rtic e is i serted . 10 WORD SYSTEM

i Very often the Sa moa n will not empl oy the com a ra tive a ula l no onfu on or m a a s to p , p rtic r y if c si ist ke a l l to me ning is ik e y a rise .

coa t a nd e ow a ea t e s f ll h ir, f h r wom a n s olo a nua o s e f , h r ent em a n e ma ma n g l , chi f , ri g n i i tt e ki g i ii i , li l b o h a miotonu ones t u s t y , c ild , h , j a t e u u a f h r li li , bl ck m ot e li a n u s t ous h r fi g , i d ri l a z y s l eep t o d ie ea m a ta ivi n , d d , bli d

N OTE — The a uxilia ry verb to be is genera lly not x in a moa n x n u in on un on e pressed S , e cept whe it is sed c j cti ona l onoun but ll u in with pers pr s , this wi be disc ssed its l a proper p ce . Verbs do not va ry from their root - forma tion in the n ul a si g r . ’ U a is the word u sed to distingu ish tra nsitive verbs in ’ a E x a both their present nd pa st tenses . u moe Le ' ’ ’ tinei mo l u a td le ta malou in te a u , the ther s eeps ; , the ll e fe ow struck m .

E! ERCISE

’ ' ’ a n l a n o l 0 le ta mci o la ta a — ua Tr s te i t E ng ish : m . ’ a t — — t mio onu a l ua ti s olo a nua . e ma ua ma l is ii . o is f e

’ ’ ’ ' ma ta v is n — lu a is te ne - u a l ci e i i tei e . ua o i e u liuli f u i . fi g l

’ ’ ' ’ ’ ’ ta ma lenei a e a e o — - le i l a o le ma ma 0 Le a lii . o p e . i ’ s olo a nua o Is tu - t t a ma lea f p u r ua i ii i le t . Into Sa moa n : The men a r e l a zy — The fa ther of the king is dea d — The coa t of the b oy is white — The horse is l la va — b o te e a n a n . very big ( ) . The m is bigger th the y WORD SYSTEM 11

The mother of the chil dren — The j ust k ingI— The horse of

'

—~ a a ll a lac k ! The b o of k the m n is sm nd b . y the ing is u industrio s .

P R ON OU N S

PE R S ON AL P R ONOUNS

u s e of m l a nd a re l n in The these is very si p e , they dec i ed a the sa me wa y a s subst ntives . It is onl y to be noted a in a u a ia u s n a of i a nd a th t the cc s tive is ed i ste d , th t n ia a n d onou n te n t for a k of betwee the pr , is i ser ed the s e o euph ny . The first a nd third persons ha ve a euphonic i before the i l a l a l pronou n n du a nd p ur . Besides the singul a r a nd plura l numbers there is a lso a u a l onl l o n a k of t m n wo on . d , which is y e p yed whe spe i g pers s ’ ’ ’ ’ E a: o os ou o onl a ou two o of ou 0 , th ; u , y , b th y ; ’ o t l u ou ou a . , y (sever ) There a r e two forms of the first persons in b oth dua l a nd lu al u s e of m n p r , the which is deter i ed by whether the ’ ’ on a x l u or t E x a no . . o u pers ddressed is e c ded , I

' ’ ‘ o i taa a two ou a nd ua l inclus ive of on , we (y I d ) , the pers

’ ' a a nd o i maua two not ou ua l ecc ddressed ; , we ( y ; d ) , ’ elus ive of on a o i tatou a ll lu a l the pers ddressed , we (p r ) , ’ n lu o i mdtou not n lu n ou a m now al i c sive , we ( i c di g y I t k in to lu a l x lu g ; p r ) , e c sive . The persona l pronou ns a r e

SINGULAR

’ ’ ’ o a u or or a I , ou , t , ’ ’ o os t ou , h ’ 0 e h e i i a , h , s , t 12 WORD , SYSTEM

D UAL

’ ' o tdu a or ta . we two n us ve i , ) (i cl i ) ’ o m ari a or ma we two e u s ve i , , ( xcl i ) ’ ’ 0 ina ou two on , y ’ ' 0 l ciua or Id t e two i , , h y

PLURAL we (inclu s ive ) we ( exclus ive) y o u t he y

DECLENSION OF P RONOUNS

It might be mentioned tha t a n a bl a tive ca se ca n be o e f o on 3 ou m u s o . f r ed by the the prep siti , by , thr gh

FIRST PE RSON SIN GULAR

’ ’ ’ o a a I u , ou , t , ’ ’ ’ o a u o r a a u o f me m ne , , , i ’ ’ ’ ’ mo a u m a a mo o r ma u to m e , u ( u , ) , ’ i a a e te u , m ’ e o u b me t r ou me , y , h gh g

D u a l

’ ‘ 0 taua we two n u s ve i , (i cl i ) o wa d o f u s t wo i , ‘ mo tdu a t o u s t wo i , i a is l aua u s two i , e tdu a u s two i , by ’ o i mdu a we two e u s ive , ( xcl ) ‘ 0 m ciu a o f u s two i , mo maua to u s two i , i a is i mau a , u s two e maua us two i , by (

P lur a l

’ N om . o tdtou we n u s ve i , (i cl i )

Gen . 0 tatou o f u s i , ’

D a t . me tdtou to u s i , ‘

A ce . i a is tatou u s i , ‘

A b ] . e i tdtou u s , by

14 WORD SYSTEM

ua l a nd oul mo a n two o l a llu to the d , , sh d re th pe p e be ded , l a l o n a i s l by the p ur . This idi sy cr sy best il u stra ted by one l E x. a a or two exa mp es . I nd the f ther is not rendered ’ ’ ’ 0 o u ma le mm but 0 i maua ma ls mm by , by , which

m a n two a nd a . a w ou two e s , we the f ther I st y ith y ( ) , ’ na tdtou te nono o ma i maua l a ll a u s f iter y , we st y with ll o o l together . Wi y u g with the chief ua ta 6 ea ma le a lii nei a n oul a m o n The swer w d be , Yes , I g i g with ’ him ona ta li a i lea o ia ma ta 6 . Will y ou go with me u ta ta 6 ? a o n Joe e e te a s a m ta te 6 . p fi Yes , I g i g with , Curiou s modes of expression such a s the a b ove often o u a nd a dd om a to fi ul of l a n ua e cc r s ewh t the dif c ty the g g , ’ ’ o a o o e to but r ea ding will s on ccu st m n them . U a ou is ’ no o ia te onina ca n n a w ou two ( j ) be re dered , I st y ith y ( ) ot o bu t this wa y of u sing it is n very ften hea rd . The forma tion of the possessive pronoun is much the to on a of n sa me . If it is desired c vey the ide bei g with ” a n on a s for xa m l l me y e , , e p e , The chi d is with , the ’ 0 a of a pronoun is pl a ced between nd le the rticle . It would ’ ’ ’ not o to sa 0 le ta ma e ia te a u but 6 o ia te be c rrect y , , , ’ ’ ’ l E n : e e o ia te outou le ta a ta ? e k a i e a u e ta ma . p g , ’ ’ ’ I is i inci 0 an ma n ou no not . , is the with y , he is here

P OSSESSIVE P RONOUNS

The p ossessive pronouns a r e formed from the corre sponding persona l pronou ns by pla cing them before the respective definite a rticles a nd omitting the e of the a rticle ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ E 0 o or f onoun . x u 0 a a nd o o a . the the pr s , , I

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o a u l a u m Le O o u lo u le , y ’ ’ ’ ’ S e o u s o u s e a u s a u m one of m ne , y ( i )

l a Leta or la ta m om om o . , , y , is se d c e cr ss The rest of the possessive pronouns a re WORD SYSTEM 15

S I N GULAR

' ’ ’ " L e -f ou Ida , t n s e om lo o e oe , hi ( ld , , la, ) Lo na a na his , l ,

Lo tau a o u r two n us ve u a . Lo mdua mau a , ( ) (i cl i ; d l) , e l us ive ; du a l) Lo idiou o ur in u s ve u a , ( cl i pl r l) Lo mdtou o u r e u s ve u a , ( xcl i pl r l) ’ ’ L o onlu a l a onlu a ou two u a , , y r ( ) (d l) ’ ’ Lo ou tou l a ou tou o u u a , , y r ( pl r l) ‘ Lo l du a l a au a t e two u a , l , h ir ( ) (d l) ' Lo l dtou l a atou t e u a , l , h ir ( pl r l) PLURAL

’ ’ O u a u m , , y O d a th u , , y a is Ona , na , h

' 0 o r a m a u a o ur ua , , (d l) 0 o r a tatou o ur n u s ve u a , , , (i cl i pl r l) 0 o r a matou ou r e u s ve u a , , ( xcl i pl r l) ’ 0 o r a O nl u a ou u a , , y r (d l) ’ 0 o r a ou tou ou u a , , y r ( pl r l) 0 o r a l du a t e ua , , h ir (d l ) 0 o r a l dt ou t e u a , , h ir ( pl r l)

’ ’ e s o a a n s a u a re a l u t Th forms d very r re y sed . Bu of o n a o a n ona l 0 or a oun u a s th se give b ve with Opti s d , s ch ’ ’ lo u ldu lo oe ll ou n a us e of o , , , it wi be f d th t the the is ’ ta a E 93 . o u m . mo u om . ma re c st ry , y eyes

' The o m lo tdua lo tatoa a re onl u n f r s , y sed whe the I a u E x. n S a t person ddres sed is incl ded . pe k ing o severa l o l who a re in a m ou me m sa pe p e the s e h se with , I ight y ’ na lelei lo tcitou a le our ous a u ul but u f , h e is be tif if I sed the a m a to a on in o ou oul s e phr se pers the Opp site h se , I sh d ’ a d a le s y : na lelei lo m ton f . If the sa me rema rk were ma to onl one on who wa s me in m ou de y pers , with y h se , it ’ oul na lelei lo taua a le our o h ou w d be f , (b th) se is bea u tiful . Possessive pronouns a lwa ys precede the words they

' a E x lo mcitou ta ma lona a nd ccompa ny . . ; (wife) ;

ona us o o . (br thers) , etc 16 WOR D SYSTEM DEMONSTRATIVE P RONOUNS S IN GULAR

’ o lene t s i , hi ’ 0 l ea l end t a t , , h ’ 0 l ea a va t a t of the one l , h ( ) , PLURAL

i a nei t es e , , h na t os e , h na a va t os e of l , h ( )

’ 0 lea la va does duty a s a n a nswer : Yes ; a ll right ; oo very g d . The demonstra tive pronouns ca n be empl oyed s ub s ta ntivel a n a l I fi a a n y d djective y . n the rst c se they st d a l on a nd in t he la o wor w e , tter bef re the d with hich they ’ ’ a re u e . E a: o l ou a ta lii lend a m s on on is s d , th t is y le iloa l a va lea ta a ta do not k no ma n i lenei itn g , I w this , on i lea a so ma lea a s o on da a nd a this side ; , this y th t a l d da a . y (every y , d i y) o nei o n n n a on The w rd , this , is fte stre gthe ed by the dditi ’ f o l A ll this o i l tou nei b ut i onl u u a n . d , th s is y sed s bst tive y ’ a n la nei mea uma l a ll these thin s a ll . is tr s ted by , , iter y , g R ELATIVE PR ON OUN S These a re

’ 0 la wh o whic , , h ’ ” 0 E w u a , hich ( p l r l)

us e a l l om l a a nd mon a Their is itt e c p ic ted , best de str ted a x l by few e a mp es. I a a l a o not m l o n m ny c ses the re tive pron un is e p yed , the rea son being tha t the Sa moa n is a verse to the dependent to s a ma n om a sentence . If he wished y The wh I h ve ” ’ ’ a n n oul ut u : 0 le ta mdloa na ilod o , see , he w d p it th s l a ll the ma n ha ve s een I na no es which is , iter y , ( de t the

n iloa n . perfect te se ; , see ) WORD SYSTEM 17

’ le ta ma s a no o i le a le l a in ou 0 f f , the chi d st yed the h se

m a n n l who a ed i n ou . e i g , the chi d st y the h se i ’ ' ’ ’ ’ U a s a u ma i lo ta s i taga ta id is a u na f a apea ma i id is ’ d a a m a ma n to me ha s s o a to me , there c e , (s id) , which ’ ’ t a S a n om a a ea u s o a a ea o me . s id ( , c e f p , th s , ) f p

mai S ok u . , p e th s ) mo of x i on o onl a l This de e press , h wever , y pp ies

a la onou n in a u a s ( ) If the re tive pr , the c ses cited , is sed a n a djective dependent upon a noun

6 A nd n n n n in nom na t or ( ) if the depe de t se te ce is the i ive , a a i E l I l a a n u a n n . n n cc s tive , c se g ish the tter i st ce a o m of oul u b ut the p ssive f r the verb w d be sed , this r O will be dea lt with in its p per pla ce . oul l a onoun u u a n l Sh d the re tive pr be sed s bst tive y , the foll owing is the u sua l form a dopted ’ ’ ’ 5 ’ ’ E n. na a uma i o i la tou id is id o a o ma ma i , they ’ i o o o os o ou to h m wh 5 wh . br ght th se were sick ( , th e ) mons a onoun tha t in E n l oul If the de tr tive pr , , g ish , sh d la e in nomina a m ul ll a l in be p c d the tive , the s e r e wi pp y ’ ’ ’

a oa . i e o a m n E a) . ia e a va tu l na le i te o e to S , give him a ha s a f o le to i a o u i h m . th t sked y ( , th t) W n l a onoun in n o tha t he the re tive pr is the ge itive , f , o onoun u in a o o a n a the p ssessive pr is sed the p d sis , d th t of the c orresp onding person to the subject in the principa l ’ ’ n E o la a l na a l ll n . a ii tele lon a le a se te ce ; f , iter y is ,

ou o ou . the chief , (it) is big his h se , wh se h se big is l a onou n which in a n E n l n n If the re tive pr , , g ish se te ce a k o on of a nom na or n or in t es the p siti i tive ge itive , , on un on a o on o m a n n a t c j cti with prep siti , f r s direct se te ce , ’ l o i a i or a i to which w whom E a: hom to u sed . its c se , , , , , is ’ ’ ’ o le l a ma na ou a va tu le a le i a i bo to om a e p , the y wh I g v ’ ’ ” ll o la a i na no o a i le tu u own in the she f p , the t which the C 18 WORD SYSTEM

’ ’ ’ k n l o la a u na ia i le u u o l in i g ives ; f g , the b tt e which ’ ’ Oil o le ta a ta na e a va l ua ia i le ta e e le tw u (is) g p p , the on a n n ma n to whom m ey h s bee give by the king . N ote tha t no comma is u sed between the principa l a nd a subordin te sentence . It would be well to remember these two rules in rega rd to the trea tment of rel a tive sentences

(a ) In Sa moa n when they a r e empl oyed a djectiva lly a direct sentence results

’ b Wh n m l o u a n l o le who ( ) e e p yed s bst tive y , , , is the

u sua l form .

S IN GULAR

’ o ls h wh s h e , e o , wh o

of him wh o of h er wh o {2j? , Is to him wh o t o her who i , , le him wh o h er who i , , PLURAL

’ N om . 0 e t os e wh o t os e w } h , h hich

Gen of t os e wh o . {3 ff} h D a t . a nd A ce . e t o t os e wh o t os e wh o a c i , h h ( c . ) SINGULAR

’ o l a —lona h e w os e , h

— ona of him or h er w os e { 3 $2} l , ( ) h i te - ona t o him w os e l , h ls - lona him w os e i , h PLURAL

’ o 6 — ona t os e w os e , h h

— o na of t os e w os e Z 2} , h h e — ona t o t os e w os e i , h h —ona t os e w os e i e , h h WORD SYSTEM 19 SINGULAR

’ o l é — i a i or m h e or s h e to w om , , ( ) h 0 l g i — i a i or a i of him or h er t o w om , , ( ) h { a ls } 16 — i a i o r a i t o him or h er t o W om i , , ( ) h ' l é — i a i or a i him or h er t o w om i , , ( ) h

PLURAL

’ m o 6 — i a i or a i t os e to w om N o . , , h h o é — i ai or a t of t os e to w om a é } , , h h e -i a i o r a i to t os e t o w om i , , h h e — i a i or a i t os e t o w om i , , h h

In the foregoing a ll the possible va ria tions of the la onoun a ca n o u a r e n but to a n re tive pr th t cc r give , g i fa cility in their us e the rea ding of na tive newspa pers a nd

book s is recommended . In n of la onoun he who in E n l the eve t the re tive pr , , g ish , n to on m a n n of i a n one or ever bei g wished c vey the e i g f y , y

’ ” ’ one who it not o to u s e 0 l ie but a i s e or 0 s e , is c rrect , , , o llu a a uo a o o everyone who . T i str te this q t ti n fr m the x i s e a a t l E . a i u oi l Bibl e wil serve . f f i a na us o R a ka ’ e no o s a la o ia i is ono a n on who a to o f f , y e s ys his br ther , R a a a ll u l a t Ju m n a i a tu s a 6 a k , sh be g i ty the dg e t (f , y ; , a l u in on u a on of no o s a la p rtic e sed the c j g ti the verb ; f , u l in a n of ono udi a l n oun l be g i ty , d ger ; f , j ci sitti g , c ci ) . ’ onoun 0 id in l a n n onl ma The pr , , the re tive se te ce , is y de u s e of to m a or n n la onoun e ph size , stre gthe , the re tive pr , s e i one of the a u of la n ua a a i . This s fe t res the g ge nd often on but no a l ul a ca n a l in a ll d e , there is speci r e th t be pp ied ’ ’ ’ Is a a ta na td 0 id id a . E a . o t is d a ma n w o c ses g , the h ’ u k me ca n a l o x : 0 le ta a mna td str c , s be e pressed by g id

’ ’ ’ ’ ' E on who 0 M a ta uma o is a n. e very e , g the a ual m a n n n a ll men who ct e i g bei g , ( ) 20 WORD SYSTEM IN TE R R OGA TIVE P RONOUNS

’ 0 a i , wh o

’ ’ o a t ca os who a rt ou ? ea a th ( , perh ps ; who a a rt ou , perh ps, th

0 a i w os e , h

o a i e ona ta ma whose is the chil d

I a te a i to w om , h

’ ’ ’ na e a va tw o oe le tus i id is a i to whom ha ve y ou given the b ook

’ 0 i a na the na e n a a t e w om ( b i g p r icl ) , h

’ o a i tea is s a ili na whom a re you l ooki ng for 2

M a i i a te a i om w om , fr h E a i th ou w om , r gh h I a tc ai w w a t mea ns , by hich by h I i a w t w w t w a t n , i h hich i h h ’ 0 is d w a t , h

’ ’ ’ E x 0 led lea mea a a 0 led ea lou ma i , wh t is th t , wha t is your (singul a r) ill ness ’ a lu a l to o la d ni a u to There is p r , viz which is sed express wha t (s ort of ) things ? E a; m a ea ni ma i i lo ’ ’ nu w a in ou oun - l a ll owtou wh t is there y r c try iter y, a o of n a re in ou oun ni om a n wh t s rt thi gs y r c try ( , s e , y , is u sed here a s a nou n denoting a n indefinite qua ntity) ’ 2 o a i s e taga ta which ma n

INDEFINITE P RONOUNS

Le ta s ea ot e one a not e e o e a c om a n n wo i , ch h r, h r (b f r c p yi g rd) s i n s na i ni s om e or a few b e o e I , i i , , , , ( f r ) S e tas ls tasi s e ina a n one e o e i , , , y (b f r ) ’ a tos e a eve one e o e T i i , ch , ry (b f r ) s e tas l s ta s s e tas s om eone a n o e o e A i i , i , i , , yb dy (b f r ) lea i s e t e s e tas i no o not a n o e o e E , i l ai , b dy ( yb dy) (b f r )

22 WORD SYSTEM

sa to a a on u a on a t a ll a lwa a id h ve c j g ti . It ys rem ins u n a in n ula a nd onl in lu a l r v ried the si g r , y the p r is the e a n a l a on of o m n o u u l for u o of y ter ti f r , i tr d ced p re y p rp ses m ll m n for no a r a nd a ul ca n l a e be ish e t , which h d f st r es be id o N o na o r n. m n to no on or n a r e d w ter i ti s de te pe s te se u sed . moo a r e o m a oo The ds f r ed by dverbs , which precede the r t o n a w rd whe necess ry . lu a l o ma on of r not a to a u The p r f r ti the ve b is e sy cq ire , bu t the cl ose stu dy of Sa moa n rea ding ma tter will grea tly l in oll o n n a of he p this respect . The f wi g hi ts m y be some l l a s a n to en itt e s ist ce this d . Most verbs of one or two sylla bles reduplica te the first one u a s e e n — e e e no o a , s ch , ff (frighte ) f f f f (sit , st y)

nono o . f , etc do not a in lu a l bu t a n a ll on Others v ry the p r , the cce t f s ll l f l a a a o E a . the sy b e preceding th t o the singu r f rm .

' ma dta nk ol - a t l a l n u on man u u . (thi , res ve p ) (p r ) A grea t nu mber pla ce f e before the verb a nd a ffix the l ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a i l ni s i a i ma i na i va i ta ni . p rtic es , f , , , f , , , , These n ma n of o m a n n of represe t the re i s w rds , the e i gs which a n l o to la n u a o in mo u s e a r e h ve bee st the g ge . Th se st , e s i e i a nd e ii i u a r e : ta nta la f , f , f s ch ’ (spea k) — f eta a ta la i tagi (weep for ) -f etagis i s oli ’ ’ l — — a m on es oli a i iloa eil0a i . (tr p e ) f (see) f , etc too— but a lmo n a a l o a a Others , st i v ri b y th se th t c rry the a ccent on the a ntepenultima te — reduplica te the la st ll a l b ut one a s : malos i— ma lé los i ana u sy b e , f (give

’ — — f birth) ja h ana n gcila e (work) ga lal a e . The penultima te syll a bl e ca n a lso be reduplica ted in om o a s for n ta n tauma a c p site verbs , , i s ce , f (feed)

’ ta a a umcim f . A l o a lla l in lu a l bu t a r e few se sy b e the p r , these l mostly verbs tha t ha ve a lrea dy been redup ica ted . WOR D SYSTE M 2 3

- a a la ta la — ta ta a ta ta la x i a i n . la l i t l E . lag l g (si g ) g

’ Some a re irregula r a lu (go) -6 (plura l ) momo e ’ ru n — emo ei l om u or ta a etuli none n ( ) f (se d sed) , f (bi d) — l — n0a ti a o noa tia s a a om 6 . , s (c e) A s a l a o n ou m o a o to o m re dy p i ted t, the eth ds d pted f r the pl ura l of a verb a r e mostly a ttribu ta ble to the na tive to a u f la n ua m lli m n a nd desire be ti y the g ge by e be sh e ts , mista kes a re b ou nd to be ma de by the beginner when first a m o a tte pting t c onverse in S moa n . n a l n u lu a l a r e The pri cip e ter verbs , with their p r s ,

’ ’ a a d o a ct e a a i ma u ome o m a liliu g , , , f g li , c , g , kill , ' a a a a ou t d l a la a mal osi b e s t o n ma lolosi l g , cry , c ll , g , r g , ’ ’ a l o a ove a lol o a ma i b e ma m a f , l , f , ill , i a uina s en ea u ina ma na o w s ma na na o , d , f , i h , ’ ’ ‘ a u s w m e a us i ma na tu t n mdna tu , i , f , hi k , a na o i a s t a s ta n om ma tu a b e ol d m a ta tua p g , f , b i fr , , , ’ ’ a na o a i ma ta u b e a a m a ta l a u p p g , fr id , ’ ’ ’ a ta a u e a ta m ma te die a s s a wa ma ma te , l gh , f , , p y , ’ a ta ma i b e u ent w s e meme b e a n ou s u z z e , pr d , i , , xi , p l d ,

‘ ’ a u wa e a a u m s a fi ht u a e emis a i f g , k , f f g i , g , q rr l , f ’ ana u n o t e a moe s ee emoe i or momoe f , bri g f r h , b r, , l p , f , unana u mo a u s e t es t momo f li , cc , ify, li dsi s t e a ds i mus u a ve no n na t on f , rik , kill , f f , h i cli i , ’ e e b e tene e e e emus u a i f f , frigh d , f f f f l é mil b e s ent u et il é mii n o o s it e m a n s ta n ono o fi , il , q i , fif f , , r i , y , f ‘ ’ ’ ’ o d s e a e t en o o a o u es s ot e o o u f l , p r d , x d , f f l f , dr , cl h , f ’ ’ ’ ui mme s e di u ui a o ea t o ont nu e eo oi f , i r , p , f f , r ch , c i , f dlue wo ul d lue 08 0 n eos o g , rk , g , Spri g , f fi oto s n o own o oio oti die ooti g , i k , g d , g g , , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ow a ii a a ii fl ili , bl , ili p , f ll , p oa s ee u n e s ta n ei loa i or es e s n e es e il , , d r d , f , p , i g , p p oa oto b e W s e o oto il p , i , p p ’ ’ inu n einu u e s e z e u u e , dri k , f p , i , p p ita b e a n ita unou en unonou , gry , p , b d , p ’ a a wea ve l a l a a s a a tu n a s e es a a i l g , , g g , r id , f g la il a i wa m l a l a i s a oo for s a ilili g g , r , g ili , l k , ’ l a w b e nea el a ta i s a u n e a e s a uniuni , r , f i , pr p r , ’ ’ le e el cl e i s a va t a ve s a vdva h l , fly , j li , r l , ’ l eo a out wa t e eo s o t e a s te es ol o i , c ll , ch , l l li , r d , p , f ’ ’ l iu a os t a t o e n s ui t a e s omeone s a e , cc , pply , f li i , k pl c , ma b e a s a me ma md e ut s e em , h d , d p i , f i 24 WORD SYSTE M

’ ' tu i s t n tutu i , i g , prick , tu u nt a s e tutuli li , h , ch , ta nu u ta ta nu tu mu tummu , b ry , , fill , ta oto lie own l a ut taooto tu u a s e ow n ea s e tu tu u , d , y , p , p , ri , gr , i cr , p ’ ’ ta u re a te te ta u tus a e u a tu tus a , l , ll , , q l , ’ ’ ’ ta uta l a e a te eta u ta l a i tu u l et e m t a nt tu tu u , r l , f , , p r i , gr , ' to u a nt tol d u te enl u , b ild , p l , , bi , f i ’ ’ toe b e e t em a n n totoe uma end te mina te e uma i , l f , r i i g , , , r , f to v e s a e toto umi b e on ta uu mi fi , di id , h r , fi , l g , ll , to t ow eto i va e b e ul s tu ca va e gi , hr , f g l , d l , pid , l t olo s n s te a a wa el ol o va a i s ee va va i , li k , l y , f fi , , til s ta n tu m vi a s e vivii , d , , pr i ,

’ In those verbs compou nded off a a the plura l forma tion ’ - E a . is fou nd in the verb root a nd does not a ffect f a a . ’ ’ ’ ’ f a a ta ma (fil l ) — f a a tutumu (plura l ) ; f a a of u (cl othe) ’ ’ ’ a a o l a l f o f a (p ur ) .

A CTIVE FOR M

In forming the present tense it mu st be borne in mind a if ona l onou n a n o th t , the pers pr st ds bef re the verb , the l eu on a te n n m . ph ic p rtic e , , is i serted betwee the The

third person singula r is the onl y one in which it is omitted . N a o to a ll a s a a n to f ( sit , st y) wi serve p tter by which on a c j ug te it .

THE P R ES EN T TEN S E

S ingu la r

’ ou te no o I s it f , ’ e te no o or e n o o oe t ou s ttes t j , f , h i ’ e no o o i a h e s ts f , i

" m a te nono o o r e non o o m a ua we ot s it f , f i , b h ’ l u a te nono o or e n ono o onlu a ou ot s it f , f i , y b h l ii te nono o or c nono o a u a t e ot s it f , f i l , h y b h

P lur a l m dtou o or e nono o i te nono , f tdtou f ’ ono o or e nono o 0u tou ta u te n f , f , ' l dtou te nono o o r e non o o al ou f , f i l , WORD SYSTE M 25

RU LE S

' ‘ l onou n ca n isé éd o or a . The pr s be p either bef re fter the x on of fi on n ul a verb , with the e cepti the rst pers si g r ,

which a lwa ys precedes it .

2 onou n a n a in a ll e on a n e . If the pr st ds fter the verb , p rs s l is p a ced before the verb .

e o n o of onou n mo l ma 3 . Th sh rte ed f rm the pr s is st y de ’ ’ ’ u s e of o : ou n a of o a a ma bef re the verb , i ste d , ,

la . l a a , , toa

’ In pla ce of the third person singula r— e nofo o ia — it is ’ u o to s a 0 loo no o a ul a l q ite c rrect y j , p rtic r y if it is wished to indica te a c ondition existing a t the time of a spe k ing . n n u a a a l in amoa n mo The prese t te se is sed gre t de S , re ’ a ll i a ra o a l na ll n a l especi y n n r ti n . The p rtic e wi c o st nt y be found in a ttenda nce u pon the intra nsitive verb a t the nn n of a en n a l ou o of a n a l begi i g s te ce , th gh it is dev id y re m a nin co a e g . When a c mpa nying tr nsitive verbs it denotes

’ ’ ’ ' E a o a n . na 6 n o o i na ta the perfect te se f , he sits ’ 0 ia ia te a i ia h s u h m . , he str ck

THE I MP ER FECT TEN S E

o m l a n a l ea or na o This is f r ed by p ci g the p rtic e , , bef re ’ o ou a E x l a n n nd . s a a u a a the pr verb g , I cried . The u on te a nd e of n n a r e om how e ph ic the prese t te se itted , o l on u a on n a a m . ever , therwise the c j g ti is e r y the s e

S ingu la r

’ N a or 3 a ou no o I s a t , f , N a o r 3 a 6 no o t ou s a tte s t , f , h N a or a i a no o h e s t , 3 f , a 26 WOR D SYSTE M

Du a l N a or s a ma? nuna a or nono o maua we ot s a t , j , f i , b h

o on a re a s o in n n but The ther pers s th se the prese t te se , w o a ith ut te nd e .

P lu ra l

N a or s a m ou a l a l a a o r a l a l a a m l o we e e at a u tc . , g , g i , cri d ,

The imperfect is not empl oyed to the extent the present tense is . THE P ER FECT TEN S E

u m l o u E x fo ’ This is q ite si p y c nstr cted . cept r the ’ a l na n n u a l om m p rtic e , it is i disti g ish b e fr the i perfect ’ ’ E a a li a l f r na ou s i oo o . a om , I h ve ked If det ched fr on x or u a s a no a of in a m the c te t , sed ther p rt speech the s e ’ n n a l ua o not o to o m se te ce , the p rtic e d es g f r the perfect l n a nd mu in um a n out . te se; st , these circ st ces , be eft

S ingu la r

’ ’ U a ou no o I a ve s a t etc . j , h ,

Du a l

a m n n o o we a ve o e U a o t s a t tc . f , h b h ,

P lura l

U a matou n we e c ono o a v s a t et . f , h ,

THE FU TU R E TEN S E

u u a lmo n a l n n The f t re is st ide tic with the prese t te se , o a a l r a a I n om a of b th s pp ied to fo m nd me ning . s e p rts the Sa moa n gr oup a n e is pl a ced before the pronou n in the lu a l E 23 6 ma tou te 6 ll o or e 6 i mdtou p r . , we wi g , , l l which is exa ct y simi a r to the present tense . o m of u u ou onl u n This f r the f t re , th gh , is y sed whe it is oul u nderstood tha t a future a ction is intended . Sh d the a on a fin el u u one a no wa of cti be de it y f t re , there is ther y WOR D SYSTE M 27

’ expressing it by introducing o le d (not to be c onf ounded ’ i ' ’ ’ ’ E s - o le d ou s a u ll 0 lo d w a . with , h t ) , I wi (cer ll ta inl om or a om . y) c e , I sh c e on u a on a ou l one a nd ll u s e The c j g ti is d b e , we wi the o s a u om a s a mo l n ca n a dil l a to w rd (c e) de , si ce this re y e d onfu on in l u a l on u on a nd l a n ll c si its p r c str cti , the e r er wi be a ble to a ccu stom himself more ea sily to the mode of con a juga tion by ta k ing this verb a s pa ttern .

’ ’ ’ 0 l o d d a s a u or d a u s a u I wi ome , , ll c ’ ’ ’ o l o a 6 a m or o Is d s a u oe t ou w t ome , , h il c ’ ’ o 16 d s a u o i a h e w om e , ill c

Du a l

’ ’ 0 le d m d 6 o r 0 l e d 6 mdu a we w ot om e , i , ill b h c ’ ’ ’ 0 16 d l u a 6 o r 0 lo d 6 ou lua ou w ot ome , i , y ill b h c ’ ’ 0 te d Id 6 or o l e d 6 dua t e w l ot ome , i l , h y i l b h c

P lu r a l

’ ’ o le d mdtou 6 or 0 led 6 m dio u e u s ve , i ( xcl i ) ’ ’ we w ome 0 le d idiou 6 o r 0 le d d i tdtou n u s ve ill c , (i cl i ) ’ ’ ’ ’ o le d ou lou 6 o r 0 l e d 6 ou tou ou w om e , i , y ill c ’ ’ 0 l e d tdtou 6 o r 0 l e d 6 id/ou t w ome , i hey ill c

o m of u u n o n in u s e a ul a l This f r the f t re te se is fte , p rtic r y in n la n ua but a moa n a s a ul writi g the g ge , the S , r e , prefers one fi n a u n ol l ou l the rst give , bec se it i v ves ess tr b e . TH E OPTA TIVE MOOD

o a a a a on of m a moo The pt tive is v ri ti the i per tive d , which ha s the effect of giving the l a tter a more a greea ble a nd n l o m a nd n n o E n l I be ge t e f r , is best re dered i t g ish by g , ’ I ra leas e In a moa n x s e i p y, p . S it is e pressed by , with the l a o m on n no on om . verb f r c cer ed , which de tes the pers , itted ’ ’ ’ E a l l e . s e i e ma kild a i s e i ou a lu a t rest , I beg , p e se ’ ’ ’ me o s e i ou ta o l ia te oe a ma a n ou g f , I beg th t I y restr i y ol ou a k (h d y b c ) . 28 WORD SYSTE M

TH E IMPERA TIVE N EGA TIVE

’ ff u s e of a ua l w ca n This is e ected by the ( est) , hich be ’ r l n o ne i . u on a e te a r e a l o rei f rced by The e ph ic p tic es , , s n o u n a ux l a r a nd if i tr d ced betwee the i i y the verb , it is to on a of or a n to a n l on wished c vey the ide f bidd ce si g e pers . oul a l r to a m l o Sh d sever be refer ed , the b re verb is e p yed . ’ E a a ua e te is a tele do not ma k a no no o ea p , e ise f p ’ ’ a ua e te a lu a a nd do not o a a a ua nei , st y (there) , g w y a s ioti ou lu a l a ll not k ll f , y (p r ) sh i ’ Al ou omma n in l a ua a oi ou th gh the c d the Bib e is , g , th sha lt not stea l — u sing the second person singul a r of the u — it n n to a l to a ll o l a prono n is i te ded pp y pe p e . Here is n ’ ’ ’ xa m l ua a a lo o oi outou na a i ma i i e a na mua e p e f g f , f , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a ua e te ta uto e ek) a ou te a i a tu d a id to outou a ua p p f , ’ l a va ne i ta uto y ou ha ve hea rd wha t wa s sa id to the o a ou a l not a ta uto a e elo f ref thers ; th sh t swe r ( , swe r) (p p , a a ll a va lie but sa to ou a not t l a t a ll . ) , I y y , swe r ( , ) L a off 0 a n l a e s oia a m e ve St p is tr s t d by , with the s e ’ o a E a s oia e to td o fi n ! on a a . c structi n s u . st p ghti g SU BJUN CTIVE MOOD

h n T e u u n moo a s k no a in a moa . s bj ctive d , we w it , is r re S n a l a na a nd oll o n It is represe ted by the p rtic e , the verb f wi g it corresp onds exa ctly to the form of the mood a nd tense ’

u . E a . a na e i inei ou n req ired , were th here , the The sentence foll owing— the a podosis— will be a ecom ’ ’ ’ a nie ‘ b o A na il6a e outou oa u ou no me p d y p . if y k w (il6a is here pa ssive a nd the sentence litera lly rea ds k nown b ou I if y y , TH E IN FIN ITIVE MOOD

The infinitive is composed of the ba re verb with e

la in ron f E a 6 a l u o : i o to o o . n . p ced f t it . , g rder g

3 0 WORD SYSTE M

He will not be guilty of a ny gross error if the lea rner l of a oll o n emp oys ina in the grea t ma j ority c ses . The f wi g a l of a s o m a nd ll n is ist verbs with their p sive f r s , it wi be see tha t

1 All om oun a l mo ou x on a ( ) c p d verbs , st with t e cepti , h ve their termina tion in ina such a s f a ita uina (a lso ’ a a l ina a it uli a a ma a o . f ) , f g , etc

(2) The verbs ending in i a lmost throughout ta k e a in the tulia a a us i a s iotia . p ssive , f , f

3 o n n in a o u a mo l mia s ia tia in ( ) Th se e di g , , h ve st y , ,

a o m inurnia onotia ta nurnia . their p ssive f r , f , It is a dvisa ble for the student to lea rn the forma tion Of the pa ssive verbs through the medium of Sa moa n writings or a na n a tive ewsp per . The va ri ous tenses of the pa ssive a r e formed in precisely a a a s o of a the s me w y th se the ctive verb .

P R ES EN T TEN S E

’ ’ e a lo a ina o a u I a m ove f , l d ’ ’ e a l o a ina o oe t ou a rt ove f , h l d ’ e a lo a ina o i a h e is ove etc . f , l d , I MP ER FECT

’ ’ na a lo a ina o d a I wa s ove etc . f , l d , P ER FECT

’ ’ ’ l o a ina o o I a e een o ed etc ua a u v v . f , h b l , FU TU R E

’ ’ ’ ’ d d a a lo a ina or 0 l ed a l o a ina o a u I s a b e ove f , f , h ll l d ’ ’ ’ 0 l ed a lo a ina o cc t ou s a t b e ove et c . f , h h l l d ,

onoun ca n a l o l a of ou o The pr s be p ced , c rse , bef re the l no a . verb . There is p rticip e The us e of the pa ssive verb will be referr ed to sub s u n l h n a l n on ruct on of n n . eq e t y, w e de i g with the c st i se te ces WOR D SYSTE M 3 1

- - a ut e o e e a e o f a lo a ove ia i na a u u , p , p p ( f , l , g , l l / b f r r r ’ — - - n a ma ta e n ina oo , a , i a , b gi , f d) - - n e e i oa omma n i na l lo, co a , a d i , c d , i c l hid ’ ’ — — a oa o t ea ina liu , tu n a out , ina , ch , r ( b ) a ti ui — ina s ee a ve) , b ld , ( — s e o u d a s en i na ma , s , , , , d , ligi pill h d p r — n — - a urna i n a ma u win a , a i na , bri g , , , g i , - a va tu ve —a m t s u i a , gi , i i , ck, — — a ve ta e a w en s ta n n mo a u s e , t es t a , k , ( h di g li , cc ify , — one o ow n m a i or a l u mu u n ina a l f ll i g , , , b r , — n a nd u - ti a ina ) , b ry, ’ — a ve es e t a e a wa - a nonoa tie ti a , k y , , , ’ — el di — a nuti a l a ui s e s u a s i na i, g , p , br , q h , ’ ’ a ee l a ut a e —tia o u es s ot e - ina j d , y , p , pl c , f , dr , cl h , ’ ’ ’ — ’ a a eta i t a n — a ole ea t e e ve ol e ia f f , h k , , ch , d c i , g ’ a a oi s en a — s i a os i on u e a n a a n e s a f f , d b ck , , c cl d lli c , cri ’ a a inu t o m a e un —a fi ce — a f , k dr k , , ’ ’ — a a itiiti a w off — a u e s e z e a s a — i na f , dr , p , i , gr p , , ’ a a mdlosi s t en t en — a un s ut os e — ti a f , r g h , p i , h , cl , ’ a a s a l a u n s — i na s a e t ea en -i a f , p i h , , r , r d , a a a no u s s u o t — i na s a s ee o o for —a f f g , ri h , pp r , ili , k , l k , a i d o a en — a s a s a ea t w - ina f , , h pp , , b , hip , ’ a ita u ount ea - lia s a s a o ou out — i na f , c , r d , , p r , dna u ea ve t s a u d e s s a a s s —i na f , b r , gi bir h , , Op pr , h r , - ina s a un oo e a e —a i , c k , p r p r , ds i s t e hit t — a s es é ea a s t a ina f , rik , , figh , , l d r y , as ioti i — a s ii a s e t -tia f , k ll , , r i , lif , ’ eta l a i ea - a s i a s ee — a f , Sp k , l , , fi etuu u s e s wea —i na s io s u oun — mi a — i na f , c r , r , , rr d , , li li oos e e e t — a s o o t a ns es s e ee — i a fi fi , ch , l c , p , r gr , xc d , oa i e ve u a n ove s u a t u s t u s —ti a f , d li r p , h d r , , hr , p h , ’ — i na s u i s ew s t t - a , , i ch , dl d ea e t en — ina s us unu u n own — ina j , Spr d , x d , , b r d , o o u own s wa ow — ina ta u na eva st a te l a wa s te f l , g lp d , ll , f , d , y , ono u e s it in u m ent - i na f , j dg , j dg , — tia ta wee for ove — s i a gi , p ( , r) , ua m ea s ure we - tia ta o t ou a n e - a f , , igh , g , ch , h dl , fi ’ ’ us i n — a ta ta ea u e — i na f , bi d , i i , l d , g id , . ’ a u ea to e es — a —s i a ta a t e e a te na a t — i na g , br k pi c , , l i , ll , r l , rr e, ’ — ow a ta e e ve a e t -a ili , bl , li , r c i , cc p , ’ ino a te — si a tuna u — ra a , h , , b ry , i i nu n — ra a tao t us t ve em o m ent , dri k , i fi , r , gi pl y is il ua v e s a e -i na t o — i na , di id , h r , ( ) , a o t ow or a s t a wa — a ta ta a en — i na l f , , c y, , l , Op , . hr — m a ta u a — a i , p y , l a otu t ow t ow to a nd fro ta us nu s e ta e a e of - a f , hr , hr , i , r , k c r , —i na tea a o n — a , d r , a a wea ve —ina ti d u t eve — i na l g , , g , h r , gri , l a vea i e s a ve es ue — ~ ina t6 a nt —i na , h lp , , r c , , pl , 3 2 WORD SYSTE M

— ’ to o ove tes t i na ta u o a o nt a t me -ina f , p r , , p , p p i i , — to iol a e e m o t a e i na u te - ti a g , pl dg , r g g , , bi , — ’ — to i to i s e a ve etc . a uma n s ti a g g , chi l , c r , , , , fi i h , m a u ove — ti a fi , c r , ta a ta a s t ute — ina u tu et wa te — ia f f , di rib , , f ch r , j ’ tu i s t n -a va el ua a ve s e t —i na , i g , p rick , , h l , bi c , ’ tu imorno cut in e es va e d u a te — i na , pi c , f , q r r , tu u nt a s e — a va l a a u out — ina li , h , ch , , cry , tumu — ina va va e omma n o e — i na , fill , , c d , rd r , - zuma u o out en u e i na vote ta e a wa v o ent i d , h ld , d r , , k y i l ly, k d tunu a e — a n a vetea , b k , p , tus w te — a v o e l v a i , ri , ili , b r , dri l , ili ’ - —« - tu u l et a ow et c . a ina vi vii a s e omm en a , , ll , , , , p r i , c d , ( s ee a ve)

TH E MED IUM FOR M

m u m m a n a o m of By edi is e t third f r the verb , which is not s o often met with in other Polynesia n la ngua ges a s in oa n o m u a ea lla l a m u . e S , where it f r s q ite f t re The sy b e f la in on of a nd for u on u o is p ced fr t the verb , , e ph ic p rp ses , ’ ’ oll o n a l a r e m l o a : a i a i ui the f wi g p rtic es e p yed fter it , f , , ’ ’ ’ ’ i a i ll s n a m a a s a t i ma i na . , , , It wi be ee th t these i p rt o a l n n or o m a n n to a on recipr c , i te sive , retr spective e i g the cti f E a l e a . e oa s o ni on a no e o . s la the verb f , he p ther ; f ’ ’ ’ ola oa i u n o in one m n a k one a n f f , t r ver s i d , r c s br i s ’ eta uta l a ta la a i on one a no ea lo a ni l o f , c verse with ther f f , ve ’ ’ one a no mu ua ll l o o outau eal o a ni l o one ther , t y ve f f , ve a nother . The medium mood a l so occa siona lly expresses a repeti ’ f E e i a ll . ma l u i on or on nu o a on a . ti c ti ity cti f , dwe ’ u on u on om ma liu o ea lua i tu n a ou p , reflect p (fr , g ) f , r b t l l ’ om a lu o u a e6a i . (fr , g ; p r , f )

IR R E GU LAR VE R BS

a re onl two of d to hi nk err one There y these , viz f , t

l m a k n a nd a la to a or o n. one y , be ist e , g , h ve f g tte These WOR D SYSTE M 3 3 two wo n la l n o l of a moa n a nd rds e ter rge y i t the ife the S , inva ria bly serve a s a n excuse when he ma k es a promise to ll a do a thing a nd promptly forgets a a bout it fterwa rds . o u a ion m l The c nj g t , which is si p e , is

’ d ta a ta o r a ou m a i I t ou t w on o r m s ta enl f i (f i ) , f , h gh r gly, i k y ’ ’ d oe o r d té oe t o u t ou tes t etc . f , f , h h gh ,

d te i a h e t o u t etc . f , h gh ,

— of ul a e d i mdtou ou . The rest it is reg r f , we th ght , etc

’ ’ a o a te to: te a u I o ot te a — it wa s m s si n os t to me g , f rg (li r lly i g ( l ) ) ’ ’ u a a o i a te Oe t ou fo r ottes t g l , h g ’ u a a la i d to i a h e o ot etc . g , f rg ,

TH E AU ! ILIA RY VE RBS

There a r e no a ctua l verbs in Sa moa n tha t c orresp ond to a a ve in u a l a a a r e n be nd h E rope n ngu ges . They re dered a of a l a l by the id verb p rtic es . If the verb to be is empl oyed a l one between the subject ’ a nd o of a n t x E a a o bject se tence it is no e pressed . ’ ’ tele le a le ou o Ma ta a a o le a lii s ili o S a moa f , the h se is big f ’ 0 ia Ma ta a fa a a moun of a oa oul m . , is the p r t chief S Sh d to be on o a n u in a n m ona l the verb , the ther h d , be sed i pers wa in n of there is there a re n oul y the se se , , the it w d be x a i a i w u a l e pressed by the dverb (there) , ith the s it b e a l l verb pa rtic e .

e a i t e e is i , h r 3 a o r na a i t e e wa s on e t e e wa s , i , h r ( c h r ) ’ u a lea i s e or e l ea i s e t e e is not , h r

W a to to ha ve a moa n x ith reg rd the verb , the S e presses it a s foll ows (1) He puts the subject in the a ccu sa tive a nd the o in no a bject the min tive . This is the nea rest a pproa ch he 1) 3 4 WORD SYSTE M

’ ca n a a n to E a na ia te a a a a e a a . . i le u un h h s tt i it , ma n- a n l a ll to him is a ma n-s erva nt serv t ( iter y , ( ) ) ’ ’ ’ na ia te d a le a u us o e toa lua a two o , I h ve br thers ’ ’ f r o le d a H E N f o T . u n o ( , see OUN) This t r speech mu u n ca n on u a l I n is very ch sed whe it be d e s it b y . Ma l a ya n the sa me form of sentence is met with in : a da ha a a a o s a tu huda s a ma s a . j , I h ve h rse

2 r to ha ve n i a r e i a t or ( ) The ve b is represe ted by , , l a r o o t x r m e . u n u n no si p y If the s bject is p it is e p essed , a o a a otherwise it rem ins in the n min tive . The m in p oint is tha t the a ppropria te p ossessive pronou n mu st be pla ced ’ E a o ta ne e . le a ta le i toa lua before the object . g ona a ta lii ma n ha s two on l a ll this ma n a re two , this s s ( iter y , ( ) ’ his s ons e ia i s a u toto i ou a mon na ia te ia ) g , th h st ey

lona a le ha s a .h ous e . f , he

3 n a or m of be a nd ha ve ( ) If the eg tive f is desired , the ’ l E a a dverb i a i is eft out a nd lea v substitu ted . na lea i ni a tdtou a rcto a no a l t a ll the re is nothin , we h ve bre d ( i er y , g ’ o our brea d na lea i s e a s d la tou dva a no f ) ; ( ) , they h ve a l k a va ( c oo ing drink) . To be obli ed mu to ha ve to a ll to be a llowed g ( st) , (sh ) , , etc will be referred to when consadering the forma tion of sentences .

TH E COMPOUN D VE RBS

a moa n on of m l o n om a x s on The S is f d e p yi g b b stic e pres i s , a re a t a m m m l a nd o n a n which , the s e ti e , si p e , it fte h ppe s a out of a l o a n l one or to th t sever w rds he devises si g e , seeks strengthen the mea ning of a word by r eduplica tion of certa in

lla a ll a v r . sy bles . E speci y is this the c se with e bs WORD SYSTE M 3 5

’ 1 u l a on u a s a oun in s ila s ila ( ) Red p ic ti , s ch th t f d , ’ ’ tofoto o s a cs a c m l a r einf orcm or m a n of f , , i p ies g , e ph sisi g , ’ ’ ’ S u e a s k u on s u es u e a on on n . the cti c cer ed , , q esti ; ,

’ a k n u n a xa m n ta la a m e e q iries , i vestig te , e i e ; , spe k ; l a ta la ta la a . , re te , ch tter (2) Ta ufa i indica tes the l onger continuity of a n a E a ta i w ta u a ita i l a m n mou n on . cti g , eep f g , e t , r , l for ong .

3 Md o a n fi ca n a l to : md a ( ) , bef re verb , sig i es , b e g a l o a k a lk a a l a o le a na t md i to m d . g , b e spe , t ; f , b e ke , If a o E a l md a i md n m . . e precedes we get the eg tive f r f , l o a k o una t m d . b e e ,

’ (4) Ta a is u sed when pa ssing j udgment up on a person ’ ’ ’ E ta a a ta uva a to o e l l or n . a u m n thi g f , estee itt e ; ’ t o o ta ua mia tonu o n n a n . , defe d , vi dic te s me e

o a i n a a E a (5 ) The verbs f rmed with f i dic te ctivity . a ima sa e a a a i ma i a i a tu o om n f , p tch , rep ir ; f , f , rder s ethi g

to be done .

’ (6) Those verbs compounded of f a a occur most l l u a l frequent y . This word evident y m st in e r ier times a on m a n n of ha ve ca us e but n h ve c veyed the e i g , , it is ever I o a o of now used independently . n the f rm ti n these words a k x s a on a nd w ll o the spe er e pres es cti , it i theref re be seen tha t a n intra nsitive verb is tra nsformed intOa tra nsitive ’

u s e f fix . E a moe l a a moe by the o this pre , s eep ; f , ’ lull one to l tus a m l a a tus a om a s eep , rese b e f , c p re a o I n a a ma n a o o nd s on . gre t y c ses these w rds f rmed with ’ a a a l o o na l nifi a on a nd in o f h ve st their rigi sig c ti , thers they to a u e a dif o e ha ve come be r q it ferent n . By prefixing ’ a a a moa n a l o o en ol om nou n a f , the S s ft ev ves verbs fr s nd a a nd om m n l a l m a djectives , this s eti es e tire y ters the e ning ’ l E a s us u of o na o . a a s ilen t the rigi w rd , wet ; f , o 3 6 WOR D SYSTE M

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ma k we t ta ita i u a a ta ita i on e ; , g ide ; f , c vey , try ; ’ l ta u a r a a ta u ra bu l . , w ges , p ice ; f , t de , y , se , etc This of r u n o ur n a nd now mo l a species is f eq e t cc re ce , st y be rs n a on of m l r the i terpret ti the si p e ve b .

7 omm a loa mm ia el a t on to ( ) By j g the dverb , i ed t y , ce , ’ ’ l a n n a a on E a na a va tuloa o a m n . verb it i p ies i st t cti .

ia le tus z id to ia ou him oo a t on . , he br ght the b k ce

8 Tino o os tfixed to a a a n n to ( ) , b dy , if p verb ppert i i g n u a s a ha s of n n the se ses , s ch see , he r ; etc . , the effect i te sify a on in u on E a loa t o no in . i in g the cti q esti , k w pre l l l cis e a . y , see c e r y (9 ) The sa me word before the verb mea ns very

ma tud (V3 17 ) only b el ng u sed before a djectives a nd a dverbs .

10 oll o n s ix a r of on ( ) The f wi g dve bs directi , which a efiect of om w a mo n m a n n a re h ve the s e h t difyi g the e i g , ’ o n a a to : a tu a ne a e ma i i o a nd fte tt ched the verb , , , , f , ’

es e .

a l u o ff a wa o ut om the e s o n ea n , , y, (fr p r Sp ki g) a ne a on , l g ’ a o u u to , p , p ma i to a t towa ds the e s on s a in , , ( r p r pe k g) i o own ownwa s f , d , d rd ’ es e a wa o t , y , f r h

’ ’ E a ou te a l u a tu o cut off na a lu l , I g ( ) ; a ne i e ’ va ita e, w n a l on r na a lu a e i le ma u a f he e t g the iver ; g , ’ ’ ’ n u mou n a n na a i ma i 0 id ia te d a he we t p the t i f , he ’ ’ a to me na a l u i o 0 id ma i le ma u a a m o n s id f g , he c e d w ’ 1 ’ mou n a n a lu ese o a a a a ta u a l u to ll the t i ; , g w y f , se ’ a a ta u ma i to bu f , y .

11 Fua oll o n a woul a n l a s el ( ) , f wi g verb , d be tr s ted f , ’ ’ of l om s l E , . a . 0 le mea na tu u ua itse f fr it e f , etc p f , n o na rom l the thi g which rigi tes f itse f .

u s e of w ll on n o l a The the verbs i be g e i t ter .

3 8 WORD SYSTE M

The Sa moa n ha s a grea t predilection for those numbers o m of a f r ed y . In a ddition to the ones given a b ove — a ll a djectiva lly u — a on num a l u u a n l sed there is sec d er , sed s bst tive y , ’ ’ ’ m l o n fix to a a nd to a t E ino. a . to a lua e p yi g the pre es , ’ ’ I to a tino a ulu to a lima . n on a ha d g f , byg e d ys these the m a n n of ever w o no l on a l to - da v e i g , hich , h wever , ger pp ies . o o m a r e now u n r na l B th f r s sed i disc imi te y . The ca rdina l nu mber s a lmost a lwa ys foll ow the words ’ l ~ a o E a . a u ma i ia a they pp y t . i te a u pelu e lima (or ’ to a l a e five or im n m . ) , bri g sw ds a l a r e a r a l The ca rdin numbers i nv i b e .

TH E ORDIN AL N UME RALS

These a re formed by pl a cing the definite a rticle before t e a a l firs one a l on a n x on h c rdin numbers . The t e is e cepti ’ ’ ’ ’ to ul o le mua mua or 0 le u lua i fir 0 le this r e , , the st ;

l ua e on 0 b: tol u the r . , the s c d , thi d , etc l l A s fa r a s o on of a is 0 lo ma imuli . The st , the p siti ’ o na l on ne is a s o to s a 0 le l ua the rdi s is c cer d , it c rrect y , ’ a le a s o le a le l ua la er n mor n a ll u f , f the tt bei g e ge er y sed if the a cc ompa nying word is in a nother ca se tha n the o a n min tive . A n exception s hould be noted in the e numera tion of the ’ ’ ’ mon 0 le u l ua i mds ina fi s mon 0 le l ua ths , the r t th ; ’ mds ina s econ mon o le tola a mdeina , the d th g , the third ’ mon o lo d a mds ina our mon a nd s o on th ; f g , the f th th , , ’ u n l 0 le iva a mds ina n n m on a ti , g , the i th th , fter which ’ a i s om o le s e ulu mds ina n mon g itted f , the te th th , etc , WORD SYSTE M 3 9 FR ACTION S

The word va ega (part) is t he mea ns by which these a r e ’ u a d u l E n n a . l n m a . 0 e disti g ished , it precedes the er ’ va e a e d a u a o le va e a e tolu a l ua vae a g f , q rter ; g , third ; g e tu two - n a a a l om E n l fi , seve ths ; f , h f (derived fr the g ish ’ o va elua to a l va e d to ua 0 lo ins i w rd) ; , h ve ; f , q rter ; l a ma le a a or ma lona a a two a nd a l e u a n . f , f , h f i ches

MU LTIPLICATION N U ME R ALS

’ ’ a r e o m r efixin o le a tu or a a to These f r ed by p g , f , the ’ a a l u E o le a tu tu n m n n m . a . c rdi ber fi , the seve th ti e ; ’ ’ ’ a a ono s ix m ina a i ia a a tolu a i le a tu itu o f , ti es f f f f do m a t ou m ou this three ti es , the f rth ti e , th gh The difference in the u s e of the two prefixes will ea sily be noted l l i r s ua o in a o xa m . a n ta o dut the b ve e p es By p ci g , , bef re “ ” l the ca rdina l numera l it c onveys the mea ning of fo d . E a ta inno x ol ta is ela u a u n ol s a utua tolu , si f d , h dredf d ,

l r l l t n o u . o . a o m o no threef d , t ip e The st f r d es Ofte cc r

TH E P R E P O S ITI ON S

The most imp orta nt of these a r e

a i o m a wa e ui i na mea notw t s ta n n , fr , y , i h di g a 0 u n e u i i na in te o f , d ri g , Spi ’ o ne a on a a ta s i ma w t , l g f , , i h ’ a toa ma w t to et e w t in a t to , i h , g h r i h i , , , e a u n oa ma w t out i a o outs e out o f , i h f f , id , 6 t ou a o u n e e ow by , hr gh i l l , d r , b l ' 6 a ta a ne ne a e s e lo va etween l , r , b id i , b e l ea i m a w t ou t e e t a te in , i h , xc p i l , e l e a o a w t out out o f u a ove a o ve fl , i h , i l g , r , b ’ e es a a i m a os te a a ns t uma e o e in ont of f g , Opp i , g i i l , b f r , fr ’ el a ta i ma i a m on ta a a tu e on on th e ot e f , g i l , b y d , h r ’ e o o t o a s fa r a s o a wo s e o f i , , (l c l rd) id . ’ e s u i a i ns t ea o f for ta a ma i on t s s e , i d , i l , hi id e tu s a ma a o n to i totona in w t , cc rdi g , , i hin 40 WORD SYSTE M

tu a e n out s e na i om out o f i , b hi d , id , fr , ’ ’ ina 0 u n o na 0 o n a ount of fo r th e , d ri g , cc , ’ i va a va a i a ou n ou n s a e o f g g , r d , r d k ’ ’ a out u a o o to e er n t o t me b , (r f ri g i ) ma ma for ta a ta a nea es e , , f f , r , b id ma i om o u t o f ta u s n e , fr , l , i c mulimu li e in a t e e a u a m a i— e d o i om i , b h d , f r f fr ’ na na na w t ou t e e t t o , , i h , xc p

The prepos itions a r e a l wa ys to be fou nd in their com l ete o m a re l a o o o n a nd p f r , p ced bef re the w rd they g ver , a re n a a l but in on u n on ona l r onou n i v ri b e , c j cti with pers p s th ose compou nd prepositions formed with i c onstitu te a n x on in a a u a l o onou n e cepti , th t they t ke the s it b e p ssessive pr E a r i o of w n m . . i ld ma o n n i la ma bet ee the , bef e , fr t ’ o le a le in on of ou i lo u ldma o me f , fr t the h se ; , bef re ; f i ona tua n him . a on or a , behi d The re s this is th t these o on a re om o of i in a nd a nou n or a n prep siti s c p sed , , either E a t n a r a i a . ua tua n dverb , the behi d p t , b ck , behi d t a in a k h hi i lona u n m . , his b c , be i d The compou nd prepositions ra ise the qu estion of 9 9 to . a d o n a n a where . where n in , b th i st ces these t ke the a a E a i tot na o a na i . le n n m . o ge itive c se fter the , the

a n o a . c ve , i t the c ve A ne a nd l a ta a ne govern the a ccu sa tive with i ;

a nd mo a a nd ma n n . the d tive , the re i der the ge itive

E ! A MPLES

’ a i l e l a l ol a i om th e e a t el a ta i ma i mdt ou enea t u s g , fr r h f i , b h a ne le va i a on th e ve e a ta a ne i a te l dtou ne a t em i , l g ri r l i , r h ’ a toa m a lona us e w t h is e o o l e a t o He a v en , i h i l gi , ’ ’ ot e u a a a m a tu u o i a e s u i a i h e br h r j i p , ’ ’ ’ u a oa e to o a u I a ve een e a m e n in his a e il , h b b c ki g pl c s een by him (ins tea d o f him) e l ea i m a lona a vd W t out his e tus a m a l o oloa i a a o n , i h p g , cc rdi g t o l a w ’ ’ e es a a 2 ma l e a i os te th e a a ta s i ma i a w t hi m f g , Opp i f , i h ’ own l o va a in or nto th e s t i , , i , hip WORD SYSTE M 41

’ a o o l e a i om th e t own totonu o te a l e in th e ous e i f f , fr i f , h ’ a te a l e a e u n e th e o us e i i u a b le d e n t h e wa i l f l , d r h p , b hi d ll i lo tdtou va etwe en u s ona tu a e n h im , b i , b hi d ’ ’ i l e va o A i a rna M ul nu u ina o te ta u u n th e wa r p i , , d ri g etwe en A a a n d Mu nu u mo l e ta md w t th e a th e b pi li , i h f r ’ it wou a s o b e o e t t o s a y m a i i a te d a om m e ld l c rr c , fr

l a l d va o A a m a l l u linuu . m a i l e a te om th e o u s e i p i f , fr h ’ l a l d l a l d u a D u a ona o l s m a i on a ou nt o f i i ( l) , cc ’ u a o le a a u u t h e t ee ne s s i l g l , p r ill ’ ’ ona u a o ve him na o o l o l u a l a a sa a u nt th e i g , r i g , il ’ ou uma e o e m e s e on e a i l , b f r c d y r u ma o l e a e in ont of th e ta u ona o 0 Ill a lietoa s n e th e i l f l , fr l p , i c hou s e tim e o f Ma liet oa ’ ta a a tu o l e va ita e o n th e ot e e a u a m a i A a e o o ia La t o i l f , h r f p i e o f th e v e a d om A a t o Lot o a a Sid ri r f g , fr pi f g ’ ’ ta a ma i o l e va o on t s s e o f o mu limu li i a te a u e n m e i l , hi id , b hi d th e wood (b u s h)

TH E A D VE R BS

u on in o m n m req isiti f r i g the .

ADVE R BS OF PLACE

l a o u n e e o , , w l a ta l a ta nea os e t o i l d r b l , r, cl i o own o wnw f , , a s m arnoo o ff a t a s ta n e d d rd , , di c Ie i tu ta u ma ta u , t o th e t tu a a wa s i righ , i , b ck rd t n ’ g ( a ) s e i nea u ma e ve w e e t ou ri h h d id i , ry h r , hr gh te i tu ta u a a va le t o th e e t i g , l f , o u t l e t ( a n ) S e eu s e mea no w e e f h d id i l i , h r ’ 0 ea ea w e e w e e t o f , f , , , l ea mea ma lea mea e e a nd i h r h r i , h r w m here fro there ’ ’ i i ne e mea ne e i o l i , e totonu w t n h r i , i hi l el d a o out o f oo s ou ts e i f f , d r , id i ’ i l d u a a ove a o t t e e on e i l g , b , l f i ’ 6 h r , y d r ’ o l e mea lea 42 WORD SYSTE M ADVE RBS OF TIME a ea w en o r o l e o n t f , h i , p , by igh nei a s o nei now o r o l e a s o a o m o n n a s , , i , , , r i g ( l oa mm e a t e o os e to n t , i di ly pp d igh ) a na ma a s oone e o e na ne s oon s o t , r , b f r i , , h r ly a mu li a te s oona a t a a z a , l r , h ph rd a ta in utu e ea s t ont nu a li , f r p , ill , c i lly ’ a na lei l d u s t a s o t t me a o l e i n ot et , j , h r i g , y a na na es te a l ea a s o m a l ea a s o a fi , y rd y i , d ily ’ ta ea o t o -m o ow a s o u ma a wa s ev e , rr i , l y , r l u a th e d a a te t o -m o ow va ve u s w ft , y f r rr , q ickly, i ly i le ta ca o in th e m o n n ta u s n e , r i g l , i c ’ va vea o in th e e a m o n n s e a a ea u nt w en h ow , rly r i g i f , il h tu a a te on i , l l g ’ eva o n on a o na m dvae n s a s o ona l , l g , l g g i i ’ ’ a a ua s e i s u en a l l o f a a te So m e t m e f f , dd ly , f r i s u en s ea s ea oi w en t e e is a n dd f , h h r ’ s o o o ften e uent o t u n t on o a s on , , fr q ly Opp r i y , cc i te a a o in th e e ven n i fi fi p , i g

OTHE R ADVE RBS

’ ’ inc 6 ei a i es e a a e ea h ow , , , y p f p f , ea i a i s e a wh e l , no , y no a e e l e . t s e l mea w e o e for , , h r f r toa tel e m u w a t , ch h i tiiti tt e e mon to b e s u e o f ou s e , li l i , r , c r ’ a u e s o t u s u a in v a n w t o ut oun a t on j p d , , h f , i , i h f d i e ei h ow s o h ow d o o u ee a h o w mu p , y p fi , ch m e a n

C ON J U N CTI ON S

’ ’ i na na a te e l e a ta i na a not on , f r g , ly l o a nd t en b ut a s o i , h l ’ le ma l ea oi es es m o eove a u a a va na a not on i f , b id , r r l , ly m a a nd b u t a s o , l ’ e t o in o e t o n n t ve u a i a oi i na a t e , , rd r (i fi i i ) f , f r ’ ’ 6 a u a e o o a l u om t o o l e m ea l ea t e e o e f , fr , h r f r ’ a l ei e o e ea we u es t on - a t e , b f r , ll (q i p r icl ) e a o d i na 6 a c i na it is ne ces a na t a t t ou t a t h ow g , , , h h gh , h s a ry tha t e ve r (Opt a tive ) ’ e ui a va et neve t e es s o ene now t ou l , y , r h l l i , h gh e l e a ta o ne t e nor e ui ine mea oweve g p , i h r , h r WOR D SYSTE M 43

e ui ina a t o u a nd e us e , l h gh , b ca ’ a b u t w en l onn' e a s , h g , p rh p ’ ’ ’ a e e ta b u t a a a na a w en p i i , f i , , , h , if ’ i na i a w t t a t in o e t a t toe fo r th e es t , i h h , rd r h , r e te na a not a one— b u t a va in e e a s a m a tt e o f a t , l l , d d , r f c ’ ’ a l s 0 na o o i na o t o s ea n , ( p ki g eis ea i a s a s w en o f t m e p , if, h i ) a na l é s e a u noa e e t 6 d o t o s e a n o f , xc p i , ( p ki g e o or a e p , p , p l c ) ’ u na b u t o n ona a i l ea t e n , , ly , h ’ ne i es t mu limu li a ne ons e u ent , l , c q ly , e ui a va t ou a t ou t e e o e l , h gh , l h gh h r f r ’ a u a u n e s s , l

As ll o n l a on u on of n n in wi be sh w ter , the c str cti se te ces a moa n o not n a n fi ul a nd n n S d es prese t y dif c ty , few depe de t sentences ever occur in the l a ngua ge for this rea son the o a r e ot u to a a x conj uncti ns n sed ny gre t e tent .

WOR D S ON LY U S E D WITH R EFE R E N CE TO CH I E FS

The Polynesia ns ha ve a number of words in their l a n ua mu onl ma us e of n a n g ge which st y be de whe ddressi g , or n to a a n or a on in a n xa l referri g , chief , divi ity , pers e ted o a l t l o n . o o o na mo a a re p siti These w rds , pp ied rdi ry rt s , forbidden ; their u s e would be c onsidered a grea t brea ch of o u m a nd ul u l of oul l dec r , the c prit g i ty it w d be severe y uni p shed . The following a re those most genera lly empl oyed

Chief-word Chie f-wo rd ’ ’ a ao a n I ns te a o f ma u a a u ta too ns tea of , h d , d li f p , , i d ’ a o ome ns tea o f s a u ta l a u fi , c , i d ’ ’ a o a e e ns tea of u u a a ta d nes s ns tea o f ma i fi g , Sp ch , i d p f f , ill , i d a s b e a ns te a o f o l e a le tua w e n s t ea o f a vd i i , g , p r y , i d f , if , i d a lo ns te a o f l a ma na a l o w m n ns tea o f , child , i d fi g , ill , i d , i d ’ a n ea ns tea o f u lu ot o , h d , i d l ’ a a o o a ea ns tea of o o a a e e es ns te a o f f f f g , h r , i d j j g , f c , y , i d ’ f a a logo m a ta ’ a a ma ld a t e ns te a o f otu t a ns mit n s tea of dna u f , b h , i d f , r , i d f ’ ' ta ele a a s e x ns t ea d o f ta u a a g j , , i p l g 44 WORD SYSTE M

e -wo e - wo Chi f rd Chi f rd . ’ a s e a s e to b e ns tea o f s oa e ut s u to fo r a i s g g , ill , i d , d p y i r ( g rl ’ m a i h a nd) m a u di e ns te a o f oti s u a a na m e ns tea o f oa li , , i d f , , i d ig mdna i a out ns t ea o f s us u o om e ns tea o f a l u , y h , i d , g , c , i d ta u l el ea ta uma a ee ve to e a t f , f d , gi , ’ m a nta o u s e ns te a o f a e ns te a o f a i , h , i d f l i d n o o s ett e own m a ta u m a a a m e a e a s t f , l d , rry f g , l , r p oloa i o e o mma n t o d s ee n s t e a o f ra c e p , rd r , c d f , l p , i d s a u a lii a t u os t a a t o l itl ei ea ns te ad o f a i a l u , i , gh , p p ri i n , Sp k , i f ’ s ui o o a vo e ns tea of tea tu u a u m ot on es s f f g , ic , i d f , i l u s ui a ma , rry

C - o a r a l o u n a k n of These hief w rds e s sed whe spe i g .

or a d n God r offi a l a nd m ona . d ressi g , , spi its , ci s , issi ries

S YN TA X A N D R U LE S A P P LYIN G T0 IT

Almo a ll a r e a nd n a l n n in a moa n st direct pri cip se te ces S , l e sub ordina te a nd rel a tive cl a uses being litt e m t with . on u on of n n m l a nd on of The c str cti the se te ce is si p e , c sists

u a e a nd . S bject , Predic t , Object The subject a lmost inva ria bly sta nds in the second ’ l a a a E a ua oti i ldtou . p ce , fter the predic te . , they die This comes a bout beca u se very nea rl y every sentence omm n a a l l a a to c e ces with p rtic e , which is direct y tt ched a fi on the verb nd ca nnot be sepa ra ted from it . The rst pers ’ singul a r of the persona l pronou n ou a lmost a lwa ys ta kes its ’ ’ ’ ’ l a o E a 0 d a o U ila a ou ita i le p ce bef re the verb . . , ’ nu u I a m U il a if I be wra th with a c ou ntry u a u a or a o m l o n If the s bject is s bst ntive , w rd e p yi g the ’ a l 0 le a nd l a n o a a l wa rtic e , itse f st ds bef re the predic te , it ys ’ ha s om l a l 0 le not n a a l the c p ete rtic e , which is i v ri b y the ’ a n a a a r I n o a a l 0 c se whe it ppe rs fte it . b th c ses the rtic e m l o in l a l oul a n a a om a n is e p yed the p ur . Sh d djective cc p y u la a the s bject , it is p ced fter it .

N umera ls ta ke their pla ce before the subj ect .

46 WORD SYSTE M

of a va l ua a a a h s n n n . u this verb ctive te de cy The s bject , ia in nom na a nd o tus i in a u a , is the i tive , the bject , , the cc s but oul a l o n na ia a va tu tus i or na tive it c d s be re dered , a I la a va tu f oi e i tus i . n this st insta nce it Will be seen ’

a tus i nom na . Ua ia a va tua tus i i Kova no th t is i tive , he l to or I a n o n . u a nd in se t etters the G ver is the s bject , the nomina a va l ua a a but m l o tive , the predic te , is p ssive , e p yed a l t a u l a l ctive y us i is the cc sa tive p ur . ma nn in a r e u u ula The er which they sed is q ite irreg r , a nd proves to be a stumbling - bl ock to the lea rner when first he a ttempts the tra nsla tion of Sa moa n into E nglish a u o o n o of t ~ er a w ll nd ses the c rresp ndi g f rms he v b . It is s e fir to find the o in a n n n a a r st bj ect se te ce , the its c se , fte which it will be the more ea sily seen which mood of the r ve b is intended . These doubl e rea dings not only occur in the tra nsitive u a s s tr ike kill but u ou l nou in verbs , s ch , , etc , c ri s y e gh , the ll f E a a o a s w o . n n n o no . i tr sitive es e , which is w rthy te ’ ’ ’ na t lia o i o ia a n o for a . m f , he swered The tive this ul a on u on ou to oun l in pec i r c str cti is , it is th ght , be f d ess the etymol ogy of the la ngua ge tha n in the na ture of the a o ha s o of m a moa n. A E u o n wh in u S r pe , the c rse ti e , a o a a oo a l a ul u a moa n wa s ol ss ci ted g d de with c t red S , t d l a n to ul a of wo by the tter , with refere ce this pec i rity rd on u on a no ul x to a ou n for but a c str cti , th t r e e isted cc t it , th t it wa s pu rely the result of individua l inclina tion on the f pa rt o na tive Spea kers . Where a n a ctive form of the verb would be u sed in a n E nglish sentence the Sa moa n would ra ther empl oy the a one in a ula l a p ssive his speech , p rtic r y if the ctive were l k l to to a n m on o I n n a l i e y give rise y isc cepti n. ge er the

- l a pa ss ive pla ys a grea t pa rt in Ma la ya n Polynesia n a ngu ges . u a k o on e o in The s bject t es the prep siti bef re it , the verb is WOR D SYSTE M 47

i e o na or a o m a nd o n th n m . its pa ssive ctive f r , the bject i tive ’ ’ ’ na a i e Ta uitea o- lo us oei liil i Ta uitea a te E a p na , p his ’ ’ o na a s ia e i ldtou o a ua una i elu little br ther ; f p , they

- o I fir stru ck the men serva nts dea d with sw rds . n the st ’

xa m l a i a a nd in on a s ia a . e p e , is ctive , the sec d , f is p ssive a n a on n n n n wi If prese t cti is i te ded , the prese t te se th its a o a a l mu u a nd for a n a on ppr pri te p rticip e st be sed ; , cti

a a m a nd . th t is p st , the i perfect perfect Besides these , the a moa n ha s a o m of no n a a on S third f r de ti g p st cti , which o on to our l u n a nd n fi a a n c rresp ds p perfect te se , sig i es th t a o l a t m a a no a a ction wa s cc mp ished the ti e th t ther beg n . The foll owing phra ses will serve a s a n illu stra tion ’ ’ a ua mdvae a ua

ona .

’ ’ ‘ E a a na mdva e ona oti o ia ona a s wa s , he ’ ’ a ou n or a na uma ono a i de d th gh , the , f a s a ha s n on n th t bee d e , the Ona in o n n a o u , b th se te ces , is the dverb which cc rs

‘ mo fr uentl but no o a ll xa l st q y , there is w rd th t wi e ct y l o c onvey its mea ning . It is inc uded nce in a lmost every n n uen l a t nn of a s a se te ce , freq t y the begi ing it ( is the c se a lso with the Ma la ya n ma ka ) . This word must not be o o e ona R I n un O S . n la of c f d d with , his (see P NOUN ) p ce the ’ S m l o m ca n a l o m l o : na i p e perfect , these f r s s be e p yed ’ ’ ’ uma ona a lo a a l o s a ou a lo a ina na ha d f , I h ve ved f , I l o a to u s e of . W u u n ved ith reg rd the the f t re te se , see

TH E VERB . ’ The future formed by 0 le d ha s a l so occa siona lly the m a nin of s ha ll o s ha ll a nd mus t oul e g ; therwise , sh d be ’ tra nsl a ted by ta ta u with the foll owi ng c onstruction 0 le mea lea e le ta ta u ona a i mu or a ll not a ll o f , this st , sh , (be wed to a a a l a f n . u m n n o ta ta u o ) h ppe The ct e i g is , w rthy ,

fi n o e a o n n oul o rl be tti g , theref r the b ve se te ce w d pr pe y a d : to do s not fi n ll re thi is be tti g . S ha ca n fur th er be

x es e ma tud r w S oul r e e e the ver e pr s d by , ve y , hich h d p c d b E a t a t v l on n . e o m ud a a ua la va lo tus i ia te ia c cer ed , ou a ll a r e to hi oo Mu y sh ( ) give m the b k . s t is most ea sily ’ r n r b a o ina a o ina ou e e mu s . e de ed y , I t

m la rl md a i is ons r u ca n a nd one oul e t r Si i y , f c t ed , c d i he

’ ’ s a d a a or M d a E a m i on m i ona l e . o ia md a i ona y f , f f

’ ' s a u ca n com e or 0 id Z6 md a i ona le s a u ca n , he ; , f , he c ome bu t the l a tter exa mpl e obviou s ly c ould not be u sed

’ ' a a ve or E a é a i ona in . 0 ia l md s a n m . u a nno eg ti f f , he c t

o I a m la r wa a ma ta a n a a e m . n s d u no n c e i i y , f de te b gi ua ona e n r om af , b gi f Let l ea e a ll ow l a v off a re n r in two , v , , e e , etc re de ed wa : s oia l a ve a l et a a l on s oia e te td ys , e th t th t e , lea ve off fighting ! stop fighting ! Let (viz a llow) would ’ et ea n let s om e ra n l a e tu u . L m n eon do a thin be t s t d , i g g , ’ ’ l a n a E . a a l u is expres sed by f a i a u . f i 0 id ona ldtou ’ ’ t t t a te a l et a n e r o o a i a i le a a ta i i m b u t him . g , he the b ght

To n for s ummon a mi . se d , A few a dditiona l p eculia ritie s with r ega rd to the verb might b e me ntioned her e Fa i s e ta s i ma somebody to ma ke a thing ’ a tutil l a E . na i ldt va la a u ona es ili l ou m n . ou f , d y de d ’ i le a itotoa o va la a u ona es ili o o a t oo a nd f f , they st d the d r l oudly dema nded Liu ha s the mea n n of e om r ow ur n n o i g b c e , g , t (i t ) , ’ ’ ’ ia wa s u ne n o on E a a lu i ma a o . etc . . u , he t r d i t st e

'

E le a o d ona Of no u s e is not n a . g , it is , it ecess ry “ ” Verbs tha t indica te the ma king of a thing (in the event of the object being mentioned) a re pl a ced next to the o a nd n a of the a l th e u a l o e bject , , i ste d rtic e , s it b e p ss ssive ’

E a . ua a a pronoun to indica te the s ubject is u sed . f i

lona a le u l m l a ous e . f , he b i t hi se f h WORD SYSTE M 49

o a n in a n n a to a The bject st ds depe de t c se, the predic te , a nd for n n , the ge itive , refere ce l o of nou I a should be ma de to the dec ensi n the n . n S moa n a u s a a in u n u s e a nd o n o the cc tive c se is very freq e t , fte d es oul u l u n u a l i E n l service where it w d be tter y s it b e n g ish . o in a l ha s a a of m a ni i o n i n v z . The prep siti re ity v riety e gs , , a d u s e a f to o a on u . n out o , t w rds , , p , etc , its rises the ’ ’ 9 ? E a a t w er to . n a i a o a u on where . h e u i i q esti , f ’ ’ ta a a a to l a ou or na 5 i o o to a a i f g , he s id the b rers ; , f f g _ l o to o k a la e a a ou a m n . u g g , the b rers c e d w w r A f rther exa mpl e of the frequent u s e of the a ccu sa tive in the written ’ l a n ua o le ta la i le ta u a o S a moa o of g ge is p g , the hist ry ’ ’ ’ o n of a moa or 0 le ta la i a li i ma i o la tou nu u the rigi S ; , . W la on to u on wher e where to b which ith re ti the q esti , , , y , throu h wha t with wha t when a nd u l k a u a g , , , s ch i e , the cc s tive i s a l o u s sed . a a a ou l o o a u a If the predic te h ve d b e bject , b th cc s tive a nd a oul a a onou n a k d tive , sh d the d tive be pr it t es its l a o a u a not m a E a: o . p ce bef re the cc s tive if , it c es fter ’ ’ ’ ’ na ou a a ma i ia te oe lo n a ta lii a ou m s on , I h ve br ght y ’ to ou B t ina a a ma i ia o ia le a l n o . u i e him n y f , bri gs i t ou ul o not a l a l the h se . This r e , h wever , is w ys strict y oll o f wed .

TH E ADJE CTIVE

If there be a suita ble nou n in Sa moa n which ma y be u a s a u u for a n a o n on a nd sed s bstit te djective , this is fte d e , tha t mostly when the a djective concerned is in the super l a E 7 . 3 . ma n wa s u ca n n tive the very j st , be re dered , ’ o le ta a ta na s ili a miotona or na s ili le a miotona a le g by , ’ ta a ta a wa s u of ma n . a g , which is , gre t the j stice the U E 5 0 WORD SYSTE M

' s ili le la lelei ma le ma ta o ea S ina a u a nd l n ou g fi , the be ty sp e d r bf na a s a i a wa s v a u l a w . e . n u nd Si gre t , Si ery be tif S l B t r oul o l l p endid . u the beginne w d n t be ike y to u s e u a a a s a s mo a o r a to l a u s ch phr se this , it is re ppr p i te iter t re a n oll o u a l th c q i speech . The for ma tion of the a djective wa s discu ssed on a 6 p ge .

' A djectives ca n be for med by a ffixing gofle a nd ga ta to a o n ra ll a v r w a n a on a a or w rd (ge e y e b) , by hich cti th t is e sy ffi l l t a a E a . a a ffi u o om li ndi . i a t u di c t cc p sh is i c ted f g , di c t

’ ’ ’ ’ to do a i o é a to do o l a a a e ma ua o ié a i le a o f g fi , e sy g f fi 16 a a a a ma l e a n out of o a s to f f f , the trees , th se is e y get

” ' ’ f f a - r a fa E a a a u a u nd u . i t o fire , the t ee the f g tu a a oa a r e f l to a n l ma na m n u . f g , the b t e dif ic t h d e ( ge)

Fo f r o ou n a 11 r u s e o n . the the P s , see p ge a l a on of nu m a l m l a nd ha s The pp ic ti the er s is si p e , a lrea dy been considered u nder TH E N U ME R A LS It would

a s ll to ma w r a r to Mul t l a on be we re rk , ith eg d the ip ic ti ” ’ N um ra l a o m o n a a n a ll a e s , th t th se e b dyi g f ge er y h ve the ” ’ m a f E x a a tola m n n o m . . e i g ti es f , three ti es ’ a ao ix o a ta on o a n ne s m . f , ti es Th se with , the ther h d , ” ’ E a 0 le a ta ta n th m . . sig ify the ti e fi , the ’ n m di n on n a a a nd a ta a re seve th ti e . These sti cti s betwee f t no a lwa l a to ou . ys strict y dhered , th gh ’ in a a a ulu E r . More tha n n r ona tu u . a , is re de ed by p f g f ma ona t a a a mo n o . p , re th f rty The Sa moa n determina tion of time is somewha t ’ E 91: 0 le ta a s a a ff n to a u oma in E u o . di ere t th t c st ry r pe g , a But for ou a on n o w the ye r . the f r se s s i t hich it is divided itoela a umm a moa n ha no fix na on . Va the S s ed desig ti s , s er

- n a nd va i a lé lé n a l ol o wo m m . p , wi ter (the p r ti e) Spri g a u umn ha s no k nowl of mo l l for a on t he edge , st ike y the re s tha t in the equa ble clima te of Sa moa the cha nge from one WORD SYSTE M 5 1 sea son to a nother is not s o a ppa rent a s in extreme northern l a a nd southern titudes . o a m for a mon of Mas ina m n . n , th The es e ch th the a a re E n l or a a s n a to o c ro ye r g ish , r ther , e r the c rre t p a a a a l of nu ncia tion of the words s the n tive tongu e is c p b e . a r e Ja nna li Fe a a li M a ti A elila Me Juni They , p , , p , , ,

Jula i t a s o S etema Ok eto a N ot ema Tes ema . , , , p , ,

— - A SO da a s n u om n a o . , y disti g ished fr ight The n ua l a of nn n w u n a a r e i divid d ys the week , begi i g ith S d y , ’ a s os a a s o a a a a s olua a s ola la a s oto a s o a la ile a s oto ona i . , g f , , , fi , f , The l a st word ha s the mea ning of a da y on which food is

i ” a beforeha nd a nd o na on a ou n of prep red , rigi ted cc t the introdu ction of this cu stom a mong the na tives by the i W l a n m ona who om ll a moa n in es ey ssi ries , c pe ed the S s , a l a to ook a ll oo for on u m on on un a the e r y d ys , c f d c s pti S d y , o ou a n the previ s d y . ’ A ia o le a s o s e ulu ma le a o N ovem i le ta t/s a a e p , f f , g ta s i le a e iva a l a a ma le la a A a 14 of N o m f g , pi , the th ve ber , 1 0 a 9 2 . in a e o m : A ia le as o 14 N ovema Or , bbrevi t d f r p , 1 0 9 2 .

Ba ld r ita a s o ou a r e l o . on u in n , h r These y sed referri g

' to ou of da itu o ou of n N a the h rs the y p , h r the ight . tive opinion va ries somewha t a s to the exa ct h ours tha t com prise the da y a nd night to which these words individua lly a l bu t ma n a ll a k n a da co pp y , it y ge er y be t e th t the y m ’ m n a t s ix o l o k in mo n n a nd n a t e ees c c the r i g , ight seven ' ’ i n n E x l n . ita ci ta l . e s i one o o k a the eve i g , c c midd y ; ’ it la e one ix u s . m . ita é e t a n . m etc , p p fi , seve p . 0 le ’ ituld na ta u a a i o le la n a d o n u . m g g f , betwee three f r p . ’ l a ll n l o s un a n w. 0 le ea e iter y , whe the st ds le lima ma ’ le ne fi e a o n v nd s ix . d a m . 0 le n s a , betwee p u ea 0 le i le

' va lu ma k ir a . I le ita a s o itula e s e a la or i k itu é e ( ) f , , p ’ s ulu a t te o o n l . ef , c ck 5 2 WORD SYSTE M

? Wh a t time is it ca n b e r e nder ed in s evera l wa ys ; ’ e a le ita la or e e ta le r a ia s o or o fa a ta . e le ia viz , p fi , p f , p j fir s exa m l e is the one mos enera llv in e E u s . ea lu The t p t g . ’ l it is eight o c ock . U a ti (the na tive notio n of the pronu ncia tio n of the ’ l E n l s wor d a wa c . 0 e ta ea o the m o n n i le g i h ) , t h , r i g ; ’ ta ca o in the mo r n n ; 0 le a oa uli m a noon i le , i g , idd y , ; ’ a oa u li a t noo n o l e a a z the e ve nin i le a a in the , fi f , g ; fi fi , ’ ’ ev n n o l e l ul n a e le ( 10 nm le d m n t na ne i a e i g p , id igh p ,

s ev n n a s o nei to - da y a na n es ter da y ea vea o thi e i g , afi, y , ea rl mor n n a nt/ d la s t n ht : fi ou r da vs ; , f , y i g p ig . f ’ - a o e l ua the, da v a te r to m o r r o w : zm md va e nis i g ; , f

f e r o e e m m a t s m tim . Throughou t the night wo uld be tra ns l a ted in the foll owing ’ i wa u a 10 6 i ldto u, am a o ina le t) the wa e the w ol e y 9 p , y k d h ” - - ~ l te ra ll y t ha s bee n the i t a t r ou i n d v . night h gh i , g h 9 e e i i The a ns w r to th i nter ro ga tio n whe n . s n the a c cus a

zr i ( e /u o Ia a s a a o [e no oa i a o di a lie l E . oa ive ca s e . t fi g f g , ’ f a l i a r e N o w a in the s e ve nt ea r o M eto s n . nd t e n h y ig h ,

o wev er a l o n e r d u ra t o n o f t me be r e er red to the h , if g i i f ,

e l o e ge nitive is mp y d .

IN TE RROGATIVE SE N TE N CE S

nl d rect o ne s a re to be ou nd in a moa n a nd t O y i f S , he pos itio n of the words d o es not va ry fro m tha t of the ce te n the a r t cl e e w pri ncipa l s enten . Of p i p ( hich before 0 bec ome s p o) is i ntrodu ced i nto a s e ntence in which a

o n oc u r s a nd the a r t cl ea os s l is n ver qu esti c , p i e , p ib y , e ’ ’ 7 t o a i ea 0e . w er a r t o E a . u o mitted . , h e th Otherwise

a r e a d a re nee no furth er r em ks u nd r this he ded .

S E LE CTI ON S FO R RE AD IN G

’ ’ ’ U A l atou fa a ma ta la ina a tu mea uma na fa ia e l s ’ ’ a a — a la f l ta m lo . u ou nono o a i o Mul nu u t i p e te e i i . ’ ’ ’ ua 6 ifo a a a toa tel e ma i l e a n a - na f a t g t e m g . a potopoto ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o a ul ma toea ina e l e nu fil ifili a i - f ip e u e . ua u ma o l a ’ ’ ’ upu o l e a li i ona tu ma i a i l ea l e ta si ta ga ta Sa va ii ua ' fa ’ ’ ’ a a ma i : na ! ina fa a l o o ia ia a - o pe Se e g te u . ou te l ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l t c - l — o oa i a u ia c . na 1u a ne e u u a p te t p i a i u m . o a u ’ ’ ’ toe fo i a i ia u tou e a al — f ta i m o ou m ol o. na e s i te te , p te g ’ ’ l a - ua fa i a t l e a a l a l te e o fan u . u m na i i e ii pe e tusa ’ ’ ’ ona ou fa i a tu u u ia te oe o l ea l a a l e a l te se p v , ii ’ e - na l e a lu a tu l e a lii i A pia va ga na ona fia fa a ta u ia i i u mea .

N OTE S

In a moa n un ua on l m to om a a nd S , p ct ti is i ited the c ull - o but in l on a ona l o a r e f st p , these se ecti s dditi st ps ’ l - n o u w a V w to ma k n x a . na i tr d ced ith ie i g the te t c e rer , ’ ’ — a a le : ldtou s r o i la tou a a ma ta la ina a s p rtic f is p sive , with ’ a n a m a n n om a a ma ta la to x l a n nl n ctive e i g , fr f , e p i , e ighte , — 5 ma k no n a tu s ee COMP OU N D V RBS . 5 . 3 e k w ( E , Sec p ) ’ ll — a l a ia mea uni a a ll n a . na m , thi gs , , i perfect p rtic e

- — ta mal 0a ll ow. a i to ma . e ou . f , ke , by , thr gh , fe They ol him a ll a ell ow ha d one — nono o lu a l of t d th t the f d f , p r o — i a u u u on a l w ou no . a m f , this is ch sed e ph ic p rtic e , ith t 5 4 SE LE CTION S FOR RE AD IN G 5 5

— m a n n i a 6 tele l on m . n e i g p , g ti e the reside ce of Ma ta a fa n a A a — 6 lural of a lw — ma a a mou n , e r pi ; p g , e l oll t — a i ule m m of a n. a m t i ss b e , c ec f p , e ber ’ l — l — o l — ili l t n a u . i oun . toea ina the c ci , the e des , pe p e f fi , ’ ’

to e l a na a ma . Y TA ! ou n . giv c se , dvice , etc (see S N ,

- f f — — a i a o 4 512 a n . m . a a o n p p , speech , r ti , st d , rise , ’ l — va — a a a u on c a e S a va ii om . e s o e ph i p rtic , fr Sa ii f p , ’ a a ea ma i l a n l a he s a id — S ena e ’ m f p , free y tr s ted , is , y ’ — n lfi a a lo o a p olca i omma n frie ds f g , he p , c d (by the — — b finish a to o ou a . . ia to o ia ne chief) , g , , g thr gh , p ss y ’ ’ a i — a a — i ma i to u — 96 a own toe a n . 0 n , t , g i , fresh f , ret r 1 , n — 4ndl5 l 5 ll a l — eta is i lu ra l of ta i whe , if , we , he thy f g , p g ,

— — l - i a tu a i a i to aw n n . a m . tele weep , very f , chi dre f , f ,

' to s a ll —mana ia s on of a : a l o m a n y , te . , the chief it s e s

l — ll o a u u a n om . e e ta s a ona a be tif , h ds e p , is it wed ’ a a l - a — lu se n n fin a . o lea la va n u e a , , (i de ite rtic e) , cert i , s r , t — f — l . t o o . ua a na ona x n un n a o g g , e cept whe , ess whe fi , ’ w h t l — ll — li to b . ni om o n . a a ta u u is , be wi g f , y , se , s e , a l sever .

’ ’ ’ ’ O l e a a a na iva a fulu ma l e iva ona ta u sa a - ua t g t g g . ’ ’ ’ ’ 6 a e l aua l e a e a o l e a i ua la ou feta ia i ma n o i i g t tei e , ’ ’ 100 6 l a ou u t va — — i t e u i. se a l a u mea ua fa ia na ua ’ ’ ’ fa a l ogo l e ta ga ta ua ma i l ona a ta lii ona a lu a tu a i l ea ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o a ia ia — a ul a l . u e ma a a a lu l a a l i a u on . te t i t it i , i f e ’ ’ ’ ’ ua fia a l e - i fana u . ua ta nta la o ia i l e sa u ’ ’ ma i l ona na ma l ona u s o ia ia - ua e l a a ea ti te . ntou gon ’ ’ ’ ’ nei mea uma ioe l e a l — o mea u ma ua fa ima i ia , ii e e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a u u l — o a a a a . a i ea e a l e f o o o u o oma i . te , te f i v ’ ta a l e mea a a i — a l e mea l e a i a i ? e , se e te t gi se e te 5 6 SE LE CTION S FOR R E A D l N G N OTE S

’ 0 le ta a ta s ec rema r s on ver to be - 0na g ( k b p , ’ lur a l of the os s e s s ve ro nou n — a e a r s n rou nd p p i p g , i i g g ,

— ta i a ma to ee t w th a e — ou a ll oc . e i m n ld t hi k f , i , h pp p pea rs ih the s u lm rdina te s e nte nce b e ca u s e mor e tha n two

er a re clu ded i t e a t — wa er s ons n n h c o n a tu m i dra w . p i i , t

— S e ( 1 w a t nd of a : la u o s s es s ve r o no u n s eco nd , h ki (p i p ,

er —na te rm na l a r t cl e in t e nte r ro a or p s on) . ( i p i h i g t y

s e te e — the is o tte bel o r e a u the r ea s for wh ch n nc . e m d i o n ) i f , i

'

— l - w u lo o — u is e e v t h o r l e u . t hea . / a r et s ide n . i s f j g , , i , g p ’ ’ ! i ta ma ita i l a d - ua l u ul a la ua a l u a s he , y s po ke the n the S a m o a n ha s no liki ng for

- s o r i a te e te e s lu mm n e r ta n c o ce ive . u b d n s n nc . u d s d n g , , f l v o a v e ( a c C h d l c t . , i ( i )

' ’ alo l a lo a l i c l e e te m alolo — o u mama la va fa T i p , ’ ' 7 ’ v - e e ia i u i ta lo l a ata u — o lo a l e ta o l e a to a fe ta i la a . p u

— e l a s e fu l u a l a ta l o l a s e l e - c fia l o ta l e 0 ta s i u m nn u ni .

’ ta n 0 l o ili l ea l a a mo le mo l e m a n m a r ta s l e ta la ia to , i ’ ’ ’ " a — u l a a tu 1 l e tam a l e a t al l i e a o e o a i S e o na u na o i ,

’ ' i ' ' l l o l o — ! la ta li a i l ea o in o a u o a t a l i N s ua c il oa ca i u ’

u s o e l en s o le e l e l o a o a o na mato u ta l l in te, c c l ea i , g i ’ ’ ~ ’ e — lo la a u na va a s a tu u te l e m a l o mal o s i o 1n a . o o u i , p , ’ i ‘ ! o na la u ua Il l il l tl g n ll f ma o na fua u a tel e — ua fa i a tu l o

' ' “ a lii o na l zi tou ta i ta i ni a i a i l e a l o ta ga ta — 11a tul a i l c ' ' ’ ’ o ahne l o va v e a u a fa a ta a l is e a tu l c a u va a . f i , i

N OTE S

r: Trilo a ta a le a the u s ua l sa lu ta t o n o n m ee n . f f , i ti g ’ ’ — a n e di bl e u er . a a eta i to tli a nk . ta lo a r o f f , , t ( t b ) ' ' l - a ce l a . a a l a u l era ll e a a l a u to tra e bu s e . l f , it y , f , d , y , , pri SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G 5 7

’ — l — — molemo l ili a . a a le a te a k . s eleni n in , b s et , shi i g , t f , ’ — — f o i . l a ou l a e ta la ol l a . o a i n o a p e se , if y p e s , d r (ge itive )

” — 3 5 m l — s ole e n l— e le a o a ona not , y chi d frie d y , it is ’ — — l a a u —~ a i a la a e l a u a . n . n . u ecess ry , tre , e ves , fr it f ’ — k l a a a a a lis o u . tu ona o a n to on . t e rder thi g be d e f , g q ic y ’

a uva a a . , be ch

IV

’ ’ a Lo matou ta ma e o i l e l a gi ia pa i a lou sua fa . i ’ o o ma i l a l is a a l ou fina a l o l e la l ola i ou m e. f i g i g e pei ona a a l e l a ia foa i ma i ia ma ou l e a s onei a f i i gi . e te i t i ’ ’ ma ou a l e ia fa a a a l o ia t mea e a i e ta ta u m a s o . e m g te ’ ’ matou i a ma ou a a sa l a o ma ou fo i ona ma ou i t g , e pei i t t ’ ’ fa a a ma ga loina a tu i e ua a ga sa la ma i ia te i m tou . ’ ’ ’ ’ a ua fo i e ta ita iina i matou i l e tofotofoga a is e l v l a a a a . ea i i te i matou a i ls e ga . mene

N OTE S

E t u te o a f r a a l — i a ta ma as n o d . e e , ecess ry the y , d i y p ’ o i md tou oi a l a u a o o nd n n . f , is tw f d speech red d t ’ to oto o a a l — o : m a n n tem ta tion. i f f g , tri the e i g here is p f , but now

’ 0 FA A TA T R — I/ a ha O O 0 A A IA . x . LE LE S M 3 0.

’ O l e a a a a na a lu ifo ma i Jeru sa l ema J k o t si t g t i eri , ’ ’ ’ ’ ua ma ua o ia e ta ga ta fa o mea ua l atou to es eina ona ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ofu ma a ia ia u a l a ou 6 na tu ua ia ua al ti o . f si te , t , , t i ’ ’ na s oona a lu ifo l e ta si fa ita ul a ga i l e a l a na il oa a tu ia ’ ’ ’ ia ona u i a ne a i l ea l e a itu a l a ua fa a ea fo i l e te , i t si p ’ ’ ’ L i na o o l ea mea ua a lu a ne ma ma a ma a a i sé ev , i , , t t ; 5 8 SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G

’ ’ ’ ona u i a ne fo i l ea o ia l e ta itu a l a a o l e a i si . t si Sa ma ria ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ua a lu l a na ma l a a ua o o a tu l e mea o a i o ia na g , i i , ’ ’ ’ l oa o ia ona mu timuti a l l ea o l ona a l ofa na a lu a tu i , v e ’ ’ ’ ’ ma nonoa i ona ma nu a , na liligi fo i i a i l e s u au u ma l e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ua ua na fa a ti eti e ia is l a na l a a ma nu ma a a i te i v , t it i ’ ’ ia ia l e a l ta lima l o ma a u ia o l e ta o te i f e t si te ia . ea o ’ l ea a lu ia ona to a i l ea o na lua ma a va tu l e ma a , te ri e i t i ’ ’ l e a l na fa i a tu ia ia a i mea toe fa a ta u a i i f e , te se e te , ’ ’ ’ ” ou a a ia oe ea ou e u tu to s a u . te t i te , p te

N OTE S

’ l a a l — F a o xa m . ma a fi a a t to nd m w . , e p e , p r b e , , eet ith ’ ' — — a a o s t o ese a ull t il i to t ta a o mea ou . tc g f , r bber , dr w , p , n a : l a ll nu : nur n be e r by iter y , rse he sed the dyi g ; he ” - l l — wa s n a n . s oona a ua a n . a i e r by the dyi g , c s , ccide ta

” - 3 a of a a l . a i u . le a ne b . t m m m , p ss y , side , e ber f i y ’ 0 le 3 d Levi one of a mil of Le i — mea la e — iloa , the f y v , p c , — ma tima ti va le to a n : n see . , be gry , grieved the his pity “ ” wa s a ou d — a lo a l o a l o m a n r se f , besides ve , s e s pity , “ ” “ ” “ ” - m to a a . la na la va own . ercy , s ve , sp re , his ’ - ll w ll w to a w u . 0 le a a l u ia o . to , he i ( ishes ) g , dr , p

' — t a o - o a le a lim l u u . ma ta i o ma n . a , direct r , ger f , g est h se toe ma n n to a a r a n e — ta ut: a tu com , the re i i g , gre te dist c ,

f - l e oul n a ma k a m n or . on w pe s te , e e ds These se cti s d give the lea rner more pra ctice with the l a ngua ge if he were to retr a nsla te them .

’ 0 LE TU P U GA 0 LE E LE ELE o SA MOA MA TA GA TA

’ ’ l e a n ma l e fafine o l e oa e l e a n o Afima is a O t e ig t e , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ es a e o l e igoa o l e fafine o Muta l a li ; ua fana u l a 15 . ’ ’ ’ l e o P a a el e s is u ia ia P a a sos ol o a ma o P a a e . u us t p p , p SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G 5 9

’ ana u l e a ma o P a a nofo us P a a iiofo ia P a a tii f t p ; u, p p ;

’ ’ ’ e a a F tutfi na ia u su 1a Ma a toa noa ana u l a m o F tutfi . a f t , , ’ ' ana u l e a ma o Tu hfiti Tu u fiti na ia u su ia Mu a f t p ; p ti , ana u l e a ma Ma uu to a Ma uu to a na u s u ia a f t g ; g , Sef ; a na us u ia Va ofa li Va ofa li na u s u ia a a a ana u l e Sef T t , f ’ ’ a ma o Ma utofu Ma n e a na ia u s u ia a a ana u o t t f , T v i , f ’ Toi Toi na ia usu ia Tua fu a ana u o Ma a m Ma a m , , f s e s e , ’ us is usu ia Ma ma la ana u o Mama l a va Ma ma la va na , f

' ‘ ’ ia usu ia Ma lilii Ma lilii na ia u s u ia a u na ana u o ; T p , f l l Va ova o o oa .

’ ’ Ona la la ifo a i l ea o e a l oa a l a o l ea num la a si si T g gi , i v ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ la a u ona a n na ifo a i l ea o l a na a u a u na oa o Fue , i , e ig ’ ’ ona s os ol o a i l ea o l e Fue lu a e l e l a a u ona toe ma l ou i g , ’ ’ ’ ifo a i l ea o t utu u o la a u o a toe a u ina fo a l ea o um m . n i i ’ ’ ’ le a a u a una a Ta a l oa a l a oa o l e Tul 1 a a t si gi , e ig , e si si g’ fo l l l e l a l l f a i . ona a u a i ea o u i i Ta a oa a a i a i i T g g , i ’ ’ ’ ua l l l e nu u a a l e ona a nei l ea i ui l a a n e ei , e t si p , e e ’ ’ ” a a tut a a l o l e F e l a l o a fa i a i a i n u u n m u o . n m i e p , i ’ ’ ’ l ea o Ta a loa a la sa u ina a lu ma l e l a a u l ea sa s a a g gi , e ” ’ ’ ’ a i a l f l e l l l . n a u i o Tu i ma e a a u na sa sa l e Fue ; ona ’ ’ ’ ’ a u a i l ea l e le el f l l l e l p 1 E e ua a upu e a i. ona a u ea Tu i ’ ’ ’ ” ia e a l a a a a fa T g o ; u fa i tu : n u ma ona sa sa . ona i ’ ’ a tu l ea o a a l os a la l e ul i : na l l a a l u ia T g gi i T e ei , e i ” ’ ’ l a l o ina toe a a o a a l u if l ea o l e li ua va a a i si si . n o Tu a v ’ ’ ’ ’ ua pa la l s Fue ua tutupu a i Il o tetel e la va ua a l u a e ” ’ ’ l e ull ia e a l oa na fa i a tu Al ua a l a l e Fue T T g ii e p , ’ ’ ua tutu u a i mea l a oioi ona fa i a tu l ea o Ta a l oa p tete e e g , g ’ l e ul i ia l a 0 ifo a l e a ol o o a m e a a o. on i T Ti p , e ig G i ’ ’ fa i a i lea e l e Tia p ol e e l e Ta ga ta 1 l e Il o ua mua mua l e ’ ’ ’ Ul u ; ua fa i a tu le Tia p ol e o l e U lu lenei ua fa i ’ ’ ” ’ ’ ma i l e ul ia ta a l o l e e l ea T i u i o u igoa . m a ua ta ua ’ ’ a i o l e ul Ul u l e a U l ua fa a l e a ol e u . i tu t i , isi f si Ti p ’ ’ ’ o l e mana va lenei na fa i a tu l e Tuli : ia ta u a i 60 SE LE CTION S FOR RE A DIN G l ’ ’ ’ ’ o u oa . o l ea na ta u a i itu mana va o tu l ma a va ig i n . ’ ’ ’ ’ ” ’ ua fa i l ma na fa i a l e l i ia a l o o l e i tu Tu t u u igoa . ’ ’ ’ a na oa a i a u l t lili a na fa va c ig g ga ima o u m . i na fa i ’ ’ ” ’ ’ ’ a tu l e u li ia ta l o a o l ea na ta u a 1 a a a T u u igo . 1 g u g ’ va e : o ul va e t i .

N OTE S

ta a o r i i ris - “ e — ~ la l a n e aw n to b orn . a p g , g , f , b

— — la va d a o i n f us u o e l w r n u n t o n s e . , j i , i e f ith

/ a i m e n o r a — b e l — a Ta a loa ( l t u t or . a mi on ate g g , , h , g f ,

— - r os o/o cl b c r ~ a b e er . s m lou ow o w n m e . n c ep , i , e p , d , be d

— ( a l l v r n . o I i s . ta e a t ma mr u e o d wn . m s u s , y i k , f , , g e ’ ’ ’ — lo — l a a a er e s a s a a s tr e . a u u e ma , (h ) g , , ik f p , ke a ea — tel ele s e e Tm; er e h p , ( (h )

“ - 1 to a fr o Tia o v l l I lo ro the 1 0 . lo e . i e m mo ve nd . ( l i p , , f ’ o le mea there fo re — le is i a ct a ece — ita f , pi ,

— l b w o l u o . s e . a u a nt . l il ima e id g g , j i .

TH E Fl R E - R U B B I N G

l o 0 lo mas a ni o Sa moa m a i l o va va u e l ea i m a at u

’ i a i a l a fitu s i p o o u i a fi ta e tu s a ma a h ua masa ni ii

’ ’ ’ l a o a l i e as a n a m oa 0 s i a ina o lato u l ma pa pa a gi. m i S i i ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ la l o l e e l e e le e ta u a ia o l e s a a o l o ta s i la a u e pi to i i i g , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a o l o l a a u p u npu n e n u 1 lima e l ua 0 l o ta ga ta e ta ua

“ ’ ’ ’ l e a a l e a u o na o la ma i a i l ea 0 l o a tu . a s s na s g i i i g i g t ,

’ ’ ’ o l e 0 l o a fi l o e nu e l e l a a u a u a e ma l u lu l o enu . i p , p ’ ’ l a a u e a s i a ina l e a u e tu s a l e mal u e l e fa l a oa ; , p i g t , i ’ ’ ’ ’ a a ua a s ifo l e o 10 mea l ea na ola gofié a i l e a fi . f i v i ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ta a ta ua te s i a ina l e a fi na ul ul l o s a a ma ua u a g , i i i g p s

62 SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G

’ ’ a ua a t l o e l e a a fa a ea l mu m u m a a. i M ta u tu s é p e a u a tu se ma la ga e sopeia a tu Ma ta u tu ona mua mua l ea ona ’ ’ ’ l e l e i M a l a a a l e l e a momo a o os o a o u a . on a u i v e i it , e ’ ’ ’ ’ a a l ea a to l e s a a a l e a i os o ua t u o o o sé . e f i e se e m mua ’ ’ ’ a e ia Moa ula fa s ia l ea a a a ia oti l e Sa ua lii a 16 o l ea , e t g t e , , ’ e mulimul i pea o l e s a ua lii i la l atou ma l a ga ma fetogi ia ’ ’ ’ ’ l a ou ma a a tu u ina a i l a a l a ou o ea m m . te i t i , se i v e i t se ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ona fa a to a te a l ea a l a o e a u a l i Se tu l e m i t u o l s i . ’ ’ la a u i l u ma fa l e e l e fa le e l e isi tula fa l e Ma ta utu e igoa o ’ ’ ’ Fea a I a a lii a ua l e a o a ei a l a e a i m . ma u n o n sa g i p se t , p

Fea a ima a l u 1 mea o a ul a a e a ve ia. Moa ul a sa u s . e g t g , ’ ’ a ua l a a Ma a u tu 0 l e alu alu o Moa l a t v t sé m m u .

N OTE S

’ ’ 0 le mea a a a la m a n : a ou n for here e s wh t gr ds , etc ’ ill — l — — a a u a la o na u . u a a . nei wh t c se , rigi te , res t p , tree , ’ o - a a a l a — s e a — mol w i ut i a t n n . . n . i i g , i d (Opt tive) ,

r - a a li Go l x n o u . S u i d u here re de , ffer p , respectf e pres ” ’ — l — A u . te a a a a o i on u to ma n n. si sed the it , e ve , b d ’ o o of — o la a in n . is a a lum a le i n . f , bef re , fr t , cert i

’ e l a a s a ma a n a moa l e fa a s ai a o ea O l ta i t pui . s i S i n m ’ a a a u fa i l a a l e a u a l e a a 10 e l oto i i ta g ta i t p i . e v t p i ig i l a a fa i foi l e a u a l e ta ula s ea a na la a l atou a v itu . e t p i i v ’ ’ i a i a a i o a o o ma a l e u va i e u ga i m e m f i e a n f f . e s ni nu ’ ’ o Aa na l e a u fa ititili a u a s a e ua l a ou l e i t p i , t p i i t i ’ ’ ’ ’ a i itili a a 0 a a a ua ia a ve mea l e fa nua na f t . f i se t g t se i SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G 63

’ ’ uma ona ta puia i l e ta pu i l e ama laia l a va o ia ’ ’ - p e toia i se fa ititili pe toia o f l at5 u fa nu a p o 0 latou fa le ’ ’ f il a a o a a a a fa ititili o 0 s o l a ou i se a itit i. f i e t i se t g t i se p t ’ ’ ’ fa nua ona l oa a i l ea o l e a a a la a l ea na a na a i l e , i t g t v , ’ e l o fa nua u a a u l e a fa i l ta pui pe a ve se m a i t p i i t pu i it ti i. ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o l e a a u a ua ia o l e a u a u ua fil i l e l a u niu ma t si t p i e t t p i , ’ ’ ’ ’ na f a u mi l e o u a ma l e u u o l e a u a a a u mi isi pit e t s g t . f i ’ ’ a ve 0 a mea l na fa nu a e na a i niu ona e se t si se i e p te se , ’ ’ ’ ’ a lu a i l ea o ia a o a ona os o ma i l ea o l e a u ma tu i e f g t , ’ ’ ’ ’ l e o l ea a a fa i a lue a o ia l e a o a ia ia . a v e t te , f i g g i p ’ ’ ’ la a u o o la a mea ma a l a a ona fiti ma i 0 a p isi v e f i v , se f si ’ ’ ’ l a a i l o a a a ona l oa a i l ea o l e a a a l ea u n m t . i t g t ua a na ’ ’ ’ a e ea a i l e fa nua u a i a i l e a a a v ni m m u u . na m a n , t p i s i ’ ’ ’ ’ foi o ta ga ta ta ul a s ea e masa ni i latou ma ma i es e es e e ’ a o a ia l a ou va i ona l a ou fa i a i l ea 0 a a fifi l a itiiti g t , t se t si ’ ’ a a o ona fa a ta uta uina l ea ona a fifi l f i se f si si p . i e a nu a o ’ ’ ’ ’ l a fa a a ma na ta u a tu fo i l e l e e a s in . i ta pu i igoa e l e ’ ma i o o l e u a u o e l e l a s omimi o 0 la a a i p p g (t te) p p se isi v m . ’ ’ a e a fa i e a lu a ne se ta ga ta ma ia a ve se mea o lena fa nua ’ ’ ’ ua fa a s aina u u l a a ia ia l e ma i u a ma l e u u , e t p v te e t s p ’ ’ ua a a l e a l a s ea l e a t nin e t u i t pui .

N OTE S

’ ' Fa a s a a ll — n a o . i . ta u . i a u o , s ctify , h w f p , the t b c vered a n n s — loto e — ta ula s ea m with h gi g , wish , desir , edicine ’ — - - ma n. e ui a to t0ia met w . na g , with respect , ith a na ’ a i tha t his food tha t he ha s ea ten ’ ’ ’ Ta ui a a a a ta bu a a fi — u sh . li w l a p , the is fi , t ist , p it . l a uniu o oa l - - nu a . e ma a i l a va l , o . ti c c t e f f , it is p ssib e fi , to — — n . a u n l a k a e u a ta te l a som m a re spri g fifi , b d e , p c g p p , , i i d a ise ses . 64 SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G

!

H ow TRUTH WI LL OUT

’ 0 l e a tu s a ma a n a i a moa a s o e l e a a a t si s i S i v v u A_f i ’ ’ ’ ’ o mea na a l a ua u u a i fefina ua i a a toa l ua se s i i t p se g se ,

’ ’ ' ona a u ma i a i l ea e l e pe po u a fa a tii i luga e l e fa l a e u i ’ ’ ’ l a l o l e l a l a l e a a f l mu u u m . ona a a ea ea o l e i , e i g t p ’ ’ u u o l e a l nei l e o o a a p . vi i p p ; f i e u a tu ia te oe l e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ma a ia fa a fiti fua a l e e l 0 0 a a . a a t , e te , e te pepe v f i ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ fo i 11 ma i ia a u l e ma a ou fa a fiti fu a fo i a u a e te t , te , ’ ’ ’ u l e l e a fo i l ea ea f i e o te pepe e . t si m sa a a iu a fina uga a a S moa . ’ ’ ’ 0 l e ta si fo i mea e fa a iu a i fina uga ma fa a ma oni a i ’ ’ ’ a la ma a n a i fo i a moa a a fina u ea ua l e l oa t , e s i S , f i e , p i ’ ’ fa a ma oni ona fes ili a tu l ea o l e a l e a e se , t si i t si p ’ ’ ’ ’ a ina oe e a i e te fa a ma oni i fea 2 ona ta u a tu l a va l ea ' ’ ’ ’ ’ e ia o l e a itu sili l ona ma na na te a ina ma ta u a tu fo i l e ’ ’ a l l a a a fa a a o i a i O a iu a i l ea o l ea itu 0 o tou ig e m n i . n

’ ’ ’ ' ’ a a A o o a o nei a a fa i a tu a e a na fin ug . n p f i e se t si i ’ “ ’ ’ ” “ ’ fa a a oni oe e a i e a ina a u e Siova . e te m i ’ ’ fea ou te fa a ma oni ia Jesu . N OTE S

Fe na a a i a fi on t ut own ut fi g , ght , c tes p d , p

- — — a la a a o n ou t n a e m ul i end . a . m t str ight f , , p i t , i dic t , ’ — — a ti ili o ll . a ma ta of o oa nu . v , eyes the c c t , b re , dri f fi , ’ — — r e a i om . o n a a ma oni o . n . de y , dis w f , pr ve , ve ify , by wh

— S iova J o a . ma na n m . , stre gth , ight eh v XI

’ 0 LE TA UTO FA A S A MOA ’ ’ a a 0 U a masa ni Sa moa i po o l a va va u i l e ta u to . f i ’ ’ ’ mea ua a é iia ona fa a oto oto l ea o a l ma a ul se g , p p ii f ip e ’ ’ o l ea nu u fa i l a l a ou ono a u o o 0 l e a a u o u e t f t t . o p v v e t f SE LE CTION S FOR RE AD IN G 65

’ ’ a o a fa i o l a va l e a iga ma l o latou a itu e a tua i i. isi u m

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ * - la ou a ua o i a l e a m O - is i ai a fa i mo la ou a ua o t t i s i , g e t t ’ f l l e ua o o o o a l ma tula fa l e ona a u a i a nu e e i. m m p t p t ii , ’ ’ ’ ’

l e a oa fa a i a a ua tu u luma . o l e ono a i l ea o n i v . t e i f , ’ ’ ona tofu a i l ea o l e ta ga ta ma la na fa a pona e a ve a tu i l e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a ona mama a i l ea o l e a va ua ~ a lu fa a ta si fo i tano . p ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l e f ona a a i l ea O l e a va a a i l e a va ma a a pona . tuf a u m ’ ’ ’ ’ l e a va a l e ta ga ta ona u ma l ea o l a na ta pua iga e fa a pea ’ ’ ’ l a na u pu O l e a va ta uma fa l ea ia e ma ua fa a a li l e na l e ea ga Oi m . ’ ’ ’ ’ Ona tu na a i l ea o l e s a i i o latou aiga ma na fa a l a ’ ’ ’ ’ 1 l a t a 0 0 l o el o o 0 ou nu u o 0 a i o i. a a g g i t , p e f i se t si ’ ’ ’ ’ l a ou nu u ua a i S e i a e l e a m e oti l e a m ona l oa t e s i p i s i , i ’ ’ ’ l ea ua a na l e a a l ea a a a a o S e a a s e m tu O ig . f i t si e uti i ’ ’ ’ ma nu l e va o e a u e ma nu a e oti e o a la a u i p p p p p t i i se , ’ o a l oa l ea ua a a l e a ua a a n i m n t o i a ig .

N OTE S

’ Fa as a moa a moa n : a ll o na m of oun , S pr per es c tries ’ ’ a nd o l u se a a i a a l o — a a i 0 s e pe p es f n their djectiv f rm . f ’ ’ mea na a oiia on l on u a nd oul g this is wr g y c str cted , sh d be ’ ’ a a i na a iia s e a — o d me . le ta a ta m a n a f g g here e s e ch , every ’ — a a ona a of n or n o in a k no f p is piece stri g , thi c rd , which t a — m — m . a a ou l ta ua i a a oa . is de , previ s y p g , pr yer , th ’ a va ta uma a on a l a - k — n h m k a n n . ma na f , cere i v dri i g , stre gt , to a n h — u tia A S S I RBS a to h ve stre gt (see P VE VE ) , , bite , n — or — to l a sti g p a . , s y .

XII

SOME CRIMES A N D THEI R P UN IS HMENTS 0 LE GA OI

’ masa n l a moa o 0 l e a a u l e a OI a ns 0 i te e S i p v v i g , ’ ’ ’ masia s i a i e fa i fo i me one luma e O O fo i l ea luma F 66 SE LE CTION S FOR R E AD IN G

la a i a ea 16 sea a l i u f n u . In mSamo i s ga OI o mea i totonu ’ ’ ’ o fa le a O mea e ta u ga Oia a i ta ga ta O ulu ma fa i ma ’ ’ l a a sa fa a s a la ina l a a a a a ta o ma pu . v t g ta g Oi i sa la e ’ ’ masa ni a i Sa moa O ta l o ma a fi O isi sa l a e sela u a fi ma ’ ’ ’ ta l o e lua sela u ; o isi sa la e sel a u ta l o ma se pua a o ’ isi sa la e noa noa va e ma lima (O l e ta ga ta ga Oi) pei O l e ’ ’ ’ ’ l e 1 l a fa l e pua a ma fa a ta a tia i 5 . i um o isi sa la O l e vele ’ ’ ’ ’ a la pe eli a la ; a e ma tu a fa a luma ina ma l e inos ia l e a a a O t g ta g i.

0 LE FA S I OTI TA GA TA

’ E au le oti l e oti l e fa a ta li ma ua l e na ia fa s ioti t i i , e sei ’ ’ ’ l e a a a a ta u l a a 0 vave m ua l e a a la ou t g t . e v se a e ig e O t ’ ’ ’ l e a a a na oti o O l e u s o O 0 l e ma a o l e a a o 0 t g t , p p t i ig p ’ ’ ’ ’ li a l e a ot a na a i to a fiti s o ona a ta i e sui i n i. i se g e ’ ’ ’ mafa i a i ona ola 0 l e sa la O l e ifoga e a lu i l e aiga po 0 ’ l e itu ma l O la ou l e a a a na oti a ve l e a ota ma e O t t g t , e p g ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ” a a l o l e e a a a l ea ie O l e ie 0 l e a l O f pu u i i tog e t u m . ’ ’ ’ e mafa i la va ona Ola l e pa gota e s a ol oto fo i O ia i mea ’ ’ ’ u a fea l a i a i o ia m e u . ’ ’ ’ U a a i ni a la fa a sa l a ina a i a ota a ua l ea i isi s e p g , e t ’ ’ ” ’ ’ l l e l a fa o l e o l e o l e a a o a a ma m u . s . s teve teve ’ ’ ’ l a a u e tupu i l e va o e ma l ul u l ona tino e tele l ona fe u a fa i ’ ’ e u i nifo o l e ta ga ta e ma tu a tiga ina tele o ia i l e masina ’ ’ a oa a u a ua fula ful a ona ta inifo ma l e l a ul a ufa iva ma t , ’ ’ ona la u utu 16 ma a ona a i O ia e inu va ia s os a g , e f i p i e ’ ’ ’ ’ l o 01a 0 u u a i O la ou ma i ma oti a i te e . isi e , isi e t p t , ’ a l l e a a fa la a ua O le sa a a e m m v .

O FA ’ A LE MI GA O ’ E S E

’ O l e tu ma l e masa ni i Sa moa i po 0 l e va va u na ma tua ’ ’ ’ se la va O l e pisa o ta ga ta po 0 l e pa O e se mea i l e a fia fi ina SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G 67

’ ’ ’ na la ta la ta i le fa ofa l e o ta ga ta e o o la va i l e fa ia O ’ ’ ’ ’

a a a a 0 a a . na uma ona a a a l a ou ta lig s u . f i se ig f i t ’ ’ ’ ’ ta li a s ua ma na in a la touniu ma ta a l a ou a a no a o g u e t , ’ ’ ’ l e ta e m i niu ma i l e s u a a l e a l fa a sa l a ina l a a i se i ii , e v ’ i l atou i l e fa s ia e l e aiga O l e a lii ma veteina fo i a latou ’ ’ ’ mea ma a foi a l a ou u a a s u it 0 l e a m o fa a l é mi a o f si t p , i g ’ ’ ’ l a o o l e fa a l o a l ea l o la ou a s il ua fa ia e i t u i g O t fi i. ’ ’ ’ ’ Af a i fo i 0 se ta ga ta ua a l u i l e ma l a e ma fa a ma lu ui ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a nlu l a a u o 0 l auniu a 16 u na la l o a a o t p se , t i e t it i , ’ ’ a fa a f o i l e fa a l emiga o l e e s i oi a . ’ ’ ’ ’ Af a i fo i 0 se ta ga ta ua a lu ma sana a vega pO 0 se ’ ’ ’ to i e a mo i l ona na i l e ma la e po 0 lu ma fa l e 0 l a a a i po 0 ’ ’ luma fa l e a l fa i a tu l a a O le a li o l ea nu u l atou O se ii , e v i i O ta ul el ea : ia 6 a tu a ia ia ia foa foa ma a u a u e f si te g g . ’ Af a i 0 se ta ga ta e ta u ta l a tu i l uma O a lii ma tula fa l c ’ ’ ’ totonu 0 a l O l e fa a lé mi a o l ea tos oina o ia i se f e , g , e i ’ ’ l a o ni taul el ea ma a ia ia ma ul a ua lé toe nofo f e f si te t i ese , ’ i l e ea o o o o o a i l e u ma i m p t p t n u . ’ ’ ' ’ Af a fo i 0 a a a inu t1i o oun 0 a l o l e i se t g t e i t t se f e , ’ ’ fa a lemi a o l ea a a la a o l e u u lu a g e f i v e pei p i g .

N OTE S

A nd 0 s e u u e mas ia s i one oul a p , w d h ve been a sha med

« o d - l a ma a m - to u a . ta u onl tter the w r , sh e , disgr ce , y . ’ — a u n of fis h . a a ta a tia a m a n fi , b ch dried f , is spre d here e s ,

-v le la l a a a of ut o n . e a on p d w , c e r p th weeds (c sidered ha rd ’ — a a la ma to n a l a ou1 . u on a b ) f , bri g disgr ce p m k e con l e temptib .

a ia a e ta u l a v - Le n a , but la ’ aiga e o latou le taga ta na oti the fa mily of yours of a m a n n o to om a l the de d e i g , th se wh the de d be ong . — — ituma l6 — i o a n on. on. a ota f g , i tercessi , district , regi p g , 68 SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G

’ - - a l u l one . a a uloa a o n a l m n . s ao oto cri i , g i ty f p , d r the he d , ’ — u to — te - a - l . n ve l nmo n . o le a u ested , sti g , teve p t

' f - — n o oo . ma li tlit t} ve ma l . te , the sti g , prick the teve r t

— ta im o ums l a u utu li . f , the g g , the p

’ ’ ’ Fa a lé mi a o a o n l o to on l g , disreg rd , ffe ce , b w e s se f ’ ’ — m a n — e a a i o n a on . is a to a m . m este f g , revere ce , ve er ti p , ke ’ a no ou n a mi n . a o to ma a no ise by sh ti g , scre g , etc p , ke ise — l a n no k n etc . a o a le to a l m n by be ti g , k c i g , f f , c the ti e whe a ll o l a ll o to ou to l — ta li a s ua pe p e sh g their h ses s eep g , ’ l — ta e a o n o oa —a u n n m a . nu . no m a . eve i g e , bre k pe c c ts , e t l - o — m a C . a sili a u n s ua n n . , eve i g e ( hief w rd) fi , pride , h ghti ess ’ ’ lula a a a n- Off a n of a - u a a . T , hew br ch the bre d fr it tree

- l a Of o oa a m . a o lda nia le f the c c p t ke d wn . a ~ ua n k oa a l o a of Tet xe . , , ec , thr t ; s the p rt the a l oa a — o l on n . oa oa a sh u der which d rests whe c rried f f , be t l a d — a a a a a a k to ho es in the he g g , be t , bre pieces ; here

a n to l l o . me s , cripp e by b ws to a n a n n — l os e a out u n st d ; here , st di g , dr w , t r

XIII

I A T N A OF T M S N , HE ME HE OON

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ O l e ta ma ita i o Sina ; O l e ta ma ita i Fa lea lup o ;

’ ’ na nofota ne ia l e Tuiouea ona ma ua a i l ea o l e a ua ma mi

’ ’ ’ o l e a ua ma nii O l e igoa e l e pa ; ona toe fo i ma i l ea I ’ ’ l ’ Sa moa 0 Sins ma ona tua ga ne e to a to u O Fa umea ma ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l fe s a La ulu ma A a ufa a e e ; ua atou a u i m i. na l atou ’ ’ a i ona oti a i l ea O Fa umea l a a U ea o l e mea l ea 6 m , e t i , ” ’ ’ ’ ’ a ea f a a i l e a a n la a U ea o F u m . ua e a us i ua igo e t i , ’ ma i pea l e ma la ga ma a gi la latou pese e fa a pea

’ ’ S na e ta a u a u m a i i , gi , , ’ ’ ’ O P ua va ia , u a tu u mm

a mea ta unuu i a i .

70 SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ is o l e a u ta u O Va ve e l e I oa l ea l e a u a it ; g O it . o ’ ’ ’ ’ l ona no ma i o l e ma nua l 1 o l e l eo fo 1 e l e ma ua l ti i , e pei n ii ’ ea a a a p t gi m i o i . ’ ’ ’ ’ E fa a ea a a na a lu Ma s u o l e aua a a l l p f i t t i t , f i e e e ’ ’ a tu l e ma nua ln i luma o a u ma ta gi ma toe fo i ma i ma toe ’ ’ ’ ’ fo i a tu ona fia fia a i l ea o a u a l e Ma a u u a ns 0 l e a , t t , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ma nu ma l O a e a fa i e lel e a tu l e ma nu i tua o a u ma na ’ ’ ’ l e toe fo i ma i ona u u a i l ea o l e e o a u ma l e a tua tuva l e , t p f fe ’ ’ a a fo i la ou a u a l oa u ma a a a l ona no a e v iv i i t , e i e t g t ti m l ona ta gi ma i.

N OTE S

' ’ a -ma nua l a I loa lelei ma ta a ilo . i i is the n me of the f Aitu who ta kes the form o a bird . It is a dvised tha t the words a ppea ring in these notes oul l a n a a woul oo sh d be e r ed by he rt , fter which it d be g d pra ctice for the student to tra nsl a te ba ck a ga in into Sa moa n l the pieces he ha s a lrea dy put into E ng ish . o wa a re k o These selections from N o . VI . n rds ta en fr m ” A Coll on of a moa n x s wa s t a n la e ecti S Te t , which r s t d n o ma n na a moa n a a n a nd u l i t Ger , with tive S ssist ce , p b ished l in Ber in .

XV

’ 0 LE GA GA N A SIA MA NI

’ O l e ta si a s o na a fio a tu S e tupu ma l ona a l o i l e ’ ’ ’ a l l e vevela o l e ea l ea s a tu u a i tuli ama nu . U m g te e , e ’ ’ ’ i la ua o l a ua ofu i luga o l e tua o l e ta ga ta fa a a lu ma . ’ ’ ’ na fet a la i a tu l e tupu ia te ia ua ia te oe l e a vega e

’ a a l a i l ea l e a a a ta tau mo l e a s ini i ou luga . On t i t g t ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ fa a a luma La u a fio a l l ea i a ua ia a u l o a a g e e , te veg o a sini e lua SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G 7 1 N OTE S

’ — - a k — ta a ta Vevela a . tu a ut tua , he t , p , b c g , ’ l — ta ta l oa u n for a a a l a ma oo u oon . a ve a e u f , f , b ff g , d , b rde

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ O l e ta si a s o ua feta ia i a oa o e toa tolu ma se ta ga ta ’ Juta ia a la a a a lu a ne l e a Ona lu ma ma fa i e fi u i i. U t si i ’ a tu ia ia Tal ofa l o u a ma A era a mo Ona a lu a i te , t p ’ ’ ’ l ea O ia Ona a lu a i l ea l e ona luma ma ua fa a ea . isi i p ’ ’ Tsl ofa l o u a ma Isa a k o Mulimuli a ne ua a lu a ne , t ’ ’ ’ ona luma O l ona to a elu ma ia u u Talofa l o u i t p , ’ ’ ’ ’ ta ma Ja k opo U a u ma ona 6 a ne O i l atou u ma l e ’ to a tolu o a lil iu l ea l e a a a Ju ta ia ma fa i a tu ia , n t g t te i ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l a ou O a u l e 0 A era mo o 0 Isa a k o o 0 Ja k o o t e p p p p , ’ ’ ’ a o a u O Sa ul o l e a ta lii o Kiso sa a lu e sa il i a i a sini a l ona ’ ’ ’ ” a ma fa a u a l u t ; ta u ou ma ua i ato .

N OTE S

’ ’ A oa o m a n u nt — a la ma k a ok e — i a i here e s st de , e j , ’ hi — i ona — m . la ma R ITI S o lo a to with (see P EPO S ON ) . n ’ a tola om him — m a ia u u o , the third fr p , with these w rds . ’ Kiso K s l a l a a l a — i m u a s a s . n : . ni s , i h (Bib ic e) S s f ther ,

XVII

SA MOA ’ 0 LE LU KO MA LE TA MA ’ I MA MO’ E

’ ’ ’ N a fepauti fa a ta si l e luk o ma l e ta ma i mamo e i l e ’ va ita fe 15 . fia inu E a u a l e luk o a a l e ta ma te . i g t , e i g t i i 72 SE LE CTION S FOR RE A D IN G

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a a fa a l e l m mo e . U i tu uko i l e ta ma i mamo e Os ’ ’ ’ e fa a ga epu ea l e va i Ou te l e ma fa i ona inu a i U a ’ ’ ta li a tu l e ta ma i mamo e ma l e fefe ma l e tetemu Le ’ ’ a l l ea i la a la la ia ua sa u l e a ma i ia oe ii e , e v si si t fe te ’ pe a lu a tu fa a pefea l e pa la pa la ma i lenei mea a ua e ta fea ’ ’ ta i 7 U a a l ma i l e l u o ui ina mea l a a Oe i t i k e e e g , ’ ’ ” ua a u ua a u l l ei sa a a l l e l e tu p i e ta u g . On ta i a tu a e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a ma mamo ' l e a l na fa a toa fa na ua a u l e t i e ii e , i ” ’ ’ a e Ona ita a i l ea o l o lu o n l ta usa g n i. k a li iva u ona nif o ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ua fa a a l e 0 oe A O l ou a a l e i m i . t m Ona os o a ’ ’ ’ ’ O s l e a a ma mo na a a c a i i t m i e n s i .

N OTE S

’ ' ’ ’ — i 1 — ke ol ta ma i mcmo e a mb . e uti a a ta si to Lu . a , w f , f p f , o o — i a uta nl a nd — i a ta i o n m m n . eet with s e e g , i g , d w ’ a m — a a a e u to ma mu k — e a stre f g p , ke ddy , thic (see

- l la a a a but one in Y TA ! . tetema m st p r gr ph S N ) , tre b e — a — a d -e a i la va no m ns a la la mu . a t S . e le hiver , by e p p , ’ ll -t a l — a a toa ina for a a a a a to a n . th t p , s der f ,

— - ia to a . fir s t oso a a . s a c , tt ck , te r

XVIII

0 LE MA TA GI MA LE LA

’ a l e a a o o a i s o laua Sa fa i l e fina uga a l e 15 . m m t gi p ’ ’ a al U a a lu a ne l e a ta mal oa ua ulu ulu e sili on m os i. t si p p ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ : f O a fa a ea a i l ea laua O l e o is i l e o u fa a ua . n p i ’ ta mal oa lena e iloa a i SO l aua e sili a i ma fa i ona ia to ese ’ ’ ” a i l ea l l ona Ofu fa a ua s o laua ua ma l O ia . Ona e e , g ’ ’ ’ ma a l na to ma i fo i mu a na a l a i ona fa t gi tete e , ti g , ti i ’ ’ ’ ’ a ma ta l f U a tu u fa ia ina l e ma a . On fi a ma u ona o u . t gi ’ ’ ’ ’ l a U a fa a l o o l e ta mal oa a i lea o l e a o uliul i ua muga . g ’ ’ ’ l l l f a U a ma o e a. ua vevela ona to l ea e ia l ona ofu a ua . SE LE CTION S FOR RE AD IN G 73

N OTES

’ F a v a fi on t — a la a la a u — o i n . u g , ght , c tes p p , wr p p f

’ ’ ' a a na a oo oa t — to ese to a w ull out — ma lé f , w terpr f c , dr , p , a o — le l tele l a va : to m n . tete m o m re i vict r i p ies here , this f r of o n o n o u s — to ma i a ll o n — timu a w rdi g fte cc r , f d w g , ’ f — l — o o o a a a ma a o o . a ia ina n S n . u u . h wer r i f , h d f , c q ered ma ta k on o a a l . Sun n fi , see diversi , g sep r te y shi e ’ a n la fr eel v u n of su n — a a lo o (tr s ted , b r the f g , perceive , no te .

’ ’ 0 LE LE OLE O MA MO E MA LE LUKO

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ O l e a ma sa l eol eo mamo ua a la a O ia U a sa u t e , g ’ l e luk o Ona ta uf etuli a tu l ea o ta ga ta e fasi l e ma nu ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ fe a i a o o a l O l a a na fa i . U i a i ona a ta a ta i ea e t m ’ ’ ’ ” ’ ’ a i a l l l l f a ea m U s uk o o a u mea u a . U a a e i se , p ’ ’ s ee o is ona iu l ea ina latou l e toe us ius ita i i l ona va la a u ’ ia la l e l e l ou . a d l a a uk o i t U o i e ta si a s o on sa u moni . ’ ’ ’ ’ U a uiOl e a ma a l ea i a na a lu a i au a ua fa a ea t e se t si i , p ’ ’ ’ ’ o a a a l a e l le l Ona a iina 0 n mea u a a a i uk o . t g t , e se ’ ” l ea o a oe l e l u m m e ko .

N OTE S

— t a etu li A Leoleo ua a c o . a RR G R , g rd , w t h ver f (see I E UL ’ - — k . s o o o R l a a t mea a la o n. BS . u . VE ) gh , j e , fte ona in lea ina s o a m a ou a a t la t , it c e b t th t s ’ — - z — t a o ll ou . u ia i latou ia te i laton a id cr a i . , y , c , dev r 74 SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G

’ 0 LE A ETO MA LE GA TA

’ ’ ’ ’ O l e a 0 a l ea l a l l eto se m nu p oto . O on p oto ua ia e e a i i mea ma ua luluga e i a i pa pa ma ma u ga ma mea e la ta ’ i l e tofé e fa i a i l ona ofa ga e tu u a i ona fua ma ta u si a i ’ la na l s a u i a e a to o i in ia sa o . A e in poto l eto i l e ta u siga ’ ’ o a na a ma na o o foi l e a a na ia a li la a a ma ua t , p t g t s i v sei ’ l e a e a i l e a o a l a a l a i l e ua u l e me e mo et m n to o . I ma a i ’ ’ ’ ga ta l e ofa ga O l e a eto ua ia ta uma fa i ina ia ma ua o ta ma i ’ ’ ’ me nu a l e a a ona o olo l e a tu sa l m a o . O ea , e f i t t i p p e ’ ’ ua fa a i le a a a a U a l e i e g ta se isi O n tog fiti. sa ili i mea e ’ a i ma i l e ma a ona a lu l ea a i ma nofo a i ua is 1115 . g t gi i , ’ ’ ’ na va a tu a i l e sa vili lea ga e o o a i i l e ofa ga O i a i ta ma i ’ a l l e tn 0 l e a m nu ona ma ma a i ea . O o a ma , te et , te se ’ ’ ’ l ’ l a ma ma nu ona tu u ea tua a fi a i e o e. t i , ese i e p i t f ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l a Mul uli O l e ga ta O l e a a ina ea ta ma i m nu ua ma te . im ’ ’ ’ e l l ua l a l e ofa 0 l e a l l a a a n ua i oa e e a eto ea g ga one. s vi i e g ’ na mana a ma i l e a a ma a o l e a ma ma a i la na v e g t , e t te ’ ’ tol oa i Ona ia a lu l ea ma a uma ia l e a ma a a a ua . t si v iv i , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a ua 0 ma a a la a u ua tu u l e ofa a ina ia mana a t se v i , i g , v ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a a a a a U a a o a l ea ma a a l a e u u a ma l Ol os i i i t m i m nu . g v i ’ a i ea ia a ma ma nu l e a a na a i to a fiti a l e a a . p t i , e f i i g g t

N OTE S

’ l — lona oto on a ou n of u n A eto a . o , e g e p , cc t his pr de ce ’ m la to o le mea a u of n o si i r , bec se these thi gs , theref re ’ ’ f o lona ma i a u of S k n . u n o , bec se his ic ess , etc These t r s

— — oul no d a a o era . to e . speech sh d be te p p , r ck , g j , precipice ’ — — — — t loa i oo a . s a o o e a n t eta . o f g , es f , egg , br d , b tch ,

— — ~ a s ia un l to . ta s i a o n . e a l oun . n he thy , s d y , c re , f steri g , ti ,

° -s a ili z a im— ma te to totolo a l . v , creep , cr w , bree e , , die SE LE CTION S FOR R E AD IN G 75

’ — « — in n to a n ma l . tt2 ca s t/Om a t ma a ( referri g i s) , , h bi / ’ ’ — v la n - to ma a a i a u . on . m n st e , edici e s e

XXI

’ 0 LE TA ULA GA E FIA FI A AI LE A TUA

‘ ’ Sa i a 1 1 le a fafine n a ui a na a ma to a lua sa ta ua s o t si I iti t , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l e to a l e fafi e fa a a a la a O ia na s . Is a . O n u u u t si p p v , ’ l oa l e l l e a l ofa l e A a u u l e ua u a a i ta a i e tu a . U t p p p g i ’ ’ ’ l ona a a ona fa a ea l ea o ia l l ina fa a la ul elei is ig , p e e ei ’ fina a l o l a a la v t a l e a g O on tua 1 se ta u ga e a a u i te ia . I u ’ ’ ’ 6 l e fafine ma a na ta ma i l o va Ita fe na fa a pa i aina mo ’ ’ a ua ua ia a o l a na a ma u a le ona ma ua la o ia t , t g i t p f te ’ ’ is l e va i ua a na l e a Kor ok ota ila se a i a ma . On i , i t e i ’ ’ ma na tu ifo l ea o l e fafine a l a l ona a u a la na a la a u ta i e t t u g . ’ ’ ’ U a fes ili a tu l e ta si ia te ia po 0 l ea l e mea ua a la a i ina ’ a va tua l a na ta ma ua le p ona A na fia fa i ta u la ga i l ona ’ ’ a ua o ua l l ina tu u a tu ea l e a ma ta ua s o a u a t , p e ei p t , ’ ’ ’ ’ fa a lé a o a l ea a ma a fa a ea l e sa o a ma . Ona e g t , e p isi t ’ ’ ’ a l ma i l ea l e fafine na fa a ea l ea i a ou fa i a ula a t i p e , t g ’ ’ ’ l ou a ua ou a va tu ea ia ia l e mea na l ona l l i t , te p te si i e ei ’ ’ ia a l e o a o a a e a u a n v mea na on . te , e g se p

N OTE S

’ Fia o - I n — a . i tia n a n. a a a u a a fi , rej ice , cheer , I di f p p , ’ - a n. a a la a lelei oo k n o on he the f , s the (with i d w rds) , get ll l — to on . on a . a we gether , rec ci e c secr te mo tua a l om u in a moa n mo (d tive ; which is se d sed S , st verbs

‘ ' - o n n a u a a . na lé ona l ou a u . g ver i g the cc s tive c se) p , with t f t —k orok ota ila o — ma t o l . na a o k a n ou on l . , cr c di e if , thi b t ese f ’ — J po o a la a i ina h ow a ? _ is it th t

a na TA TI . n no ofi (see OP VE) bri g pr t , benefit . 7 6 SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G XXII

’ 0 LE TA LA I LE A E GA 0 S E MA U GA MA U A LU GA I N I U KINI

’ ’ O S ina ta la 1 l a matou ma l a ga ma l o u ma ta i o Misi ’ Se ek a O l e ma l a a a l i l e l t a n . u u a n a u m u a g e t sivi O e ei g , ’ ’ Ina l e fia il oa o nu u 1 a i 1 lenei a tu ma u ge Ina l e u iga o ’ ’ ta a a O l e a s o 3 Jula na a ma a a i l e ma la a ua a ma a g t i t g , t l e ma la ga i l e mea e igoa ia Ka l a ik or o i lu ga O l e ma uga i a u a Ka a a a E a la 26 l e va a l g t O p k p . tu sa ma m i e m e ’ a a a a a ona l l l a a l e s mi . U m t S a va i a ma tou ma g i itul a e ’ ’ 6 l e ta s o ua m a ou s o oia l e a tu ma u a na d o l e i e , t p g i ’ ’ ’ a fia fi na l a a ona o o l e 15 ua ma ou ma ua nu u 2 , t g t , t e ’ ’ ’ o Ka ik eve le a O U k a k ol o o u ta l e na moe a 1 t si , e pit i i ’ ’ ’ la ma ou ma l a a na fia fia l la ou ua l a u ma i mea t g te e i t , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ta uma fa l na l a u ma i ma fafie ma va i ua Ofu o e te e , ; ’ ’ ’ l a ou Ofu ma fa i o la ou la a l a a na l o u a fa i t t v v , pei se t ; ’ ’ ’ ’ ua ma a a l ol ofa i la ou U a o o l e 15 . ua a ou fa a oto . m t , t g t t p ’ ’ otoina l a ou o l ea fa i l e l o u Da va ve ona os o a i p i t t . m i ’ ’ ’ ’ l a ou ua fia fia l o u ua ta ita s i ma fa a l ol o o ua l a a t i t , g pei v ’ ’ l l a l a a l e ta ea o na a lu ea mi ta ga ta ma a ma a ma . U ma m p ’ l e ma l a a na a lu onu l a a l e ua o ma ua lu a g , t v i t sivi pit g e ’ ’ ’ ma ma o i u ta na ma tua fa iga ta a l a ; na sopo i luga i ’ ’ ’ tu mu tu mu o ma u a ma toe fa a ifo la l o a nu ua na 0 g i i v , ’ ’ ’ l e e n a a a la a o a o o l e 15 ua s ma m ifo nu . U a n g v t g t , ’ ’ ma ou l e ma u ua l s S na ma l Ol O ua S a a l la a ia t p , e i i ; v i v se ’ ’ ’ ’ ta i oto l e 15 ua ma ua l e a nu u fa fa i a a i ua oa ia g , t si e , ig ’ ’ l a oe a i l e ma l a a ua fia fia l a i la ou Tu umu . U m g , te e i t ’ ’ ’ a e pei ona fa ia e l e nu u ua matou lua i moe a i a na n fi . ’ ’ ’ ’ U a l a ta i l e po ua ma liu ma i a lii ta ita s i ma 0 latou nu u ’ ’ la a N a ma liu 1 u i a i la a ou ma . ta ita s i O nu u ia na 5 . m t g ’ ’ ’ ’ ma i a l ua O Ofu l a ou ofu tofia l e ma l OOP ereta nia ii , i t i O , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l l l f O nu u nei na latou a o ta ul e ea ua a va a va i ie ou . ’ os ofia l e ma la ga a l e Alii ma l eo l eo i a m ua mava e ; sa

78 SE LE CTION S FOR R EADIN G

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l la a a l la ou l e gi . U t i i t e ese e mea e o o i a i O Ou tou ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a a a O l e l a l ea a O ma ou ta a l a a o ma ou a a a g g , gi , t e v t g g ’ ’ l a a n a a a ou a a f i ug i m g . U m t m tu a aa li a tu l e tonu i l a ’ ’ ’ a n u a o a ou a a a a f mea e t n n i i t t g g . U a i ma i i l atou e ’ ’ l a a i l a a O l e o u a a toa l ea mon a n to . i v , v t ’ ’ O l e a s o 9 na l lin ma i a i la ma ou ma la a l e ua i t g i t sivi . ’ ’ ’ O l e ma la ga a toa e a ma ta ma i i Ka la ik or o e O o i l e tumu ’ tu mu O l e ma nga lena e 70 ma ona tupu maila ; a e a ’ ’ fa ita ulia o o le ma ta fa a 100 ma ona u u ma l a o l e i g e t p i ,

mea l ea na fa i a i l e ma la ga . ’ ’ ’ U a u mu l n a tuma u a a a a fa a a u a u na t e ei g i t g t p p , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l la a l a momo fa a ta si a a a a l a a o ou . U m u n a e g t f e e p , v i ’ ’ mala la O la ou no ta fua la a ea a e O l a ou t ti , te fefe v p v i i t ’ ’ ’ ’ U a fo i le ma la a na ma ou toe o e a nu u ia ma a . t g , t s p i ’ o E l na Kol o Ul ona Kol o P ola va l e Ma a a Mitik O e , , , t k , , ’ ’ E l a Kol Sa ma ou a s o l ea nu u na ma ou u su m o . i t sé i , t ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ 1 l e a s o a fu ua ma ou S O oia n nu u a ua toe ta unu u g t p isi , a l a ik or o a tu la va i K .

N OTE S

’ ’ A e a a nt — N iu Kini N ew u n a — ma ta i o g , sce , G i e to a of a M on a on in moa M . a S . this refers the he d issi St ti S , ho ma ou n om na s — m a le ia w de this j r ey with s e tive f , ll — a tu ma u a moun a n nou oun . tha t be wi i g g , t i s c try ’ — a la ta ona s o o x a . n n a to p , e ceed , thw rt e r ’ a nl a nd — la a ma i n e ita i a ta mo n a . p , re , the f rthest i , bri g e r

' a va i o oo a n a —lotu u l a é m d . f fi , b th w d w ter , p b ic l ou o to o to o m ur . w rship , perf r re igi s service , g ch ch l — o e — ma ta a lo a n . ta ita s i n a h ta a ta ma la f , frie d y , e c g

’ 3 — ma l a ma ul a il o l . m ma la ma le ta ca o , c tiv ted , civ ised pe p e ” a a n n a s da a k a o k m . this is st c phr se , e i g , the y bre s ’ ’ Ma na 0 le c c it went a lwa ys uphill a nd downhill SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G 79

’ ’ ’ — l na a a i a a i ma ll a lla . o a to a o fi a f , s , sc ttered vi ges f fi , f ci

- a ia ina - ai le lewi a ma on l u n o m . if r f , f y , rec ci e l o — s a la un m nt — a nei e oti onese f with someb dy . . p ish e ’ ’ — -f l l l a . o le u a . a s a oul k ll a n on . o le t a te it c d i y e (p r ) , rise e r y

- — i a u ft utu oo . a s o s c un . f f t, feet , S d y it is here sed

'' — a - o — ld e a s a u n a t timu a n . verb , S d y res g , r i sh wer qfi (see T o la s u n unn — a i ma i TH E A D J I : m . EC VE derived fr , , s y f

— a a oul - i a n to a a . ta s m it is s id g g , s here e s , ’ - — a l a a f ta a to u . i v na m . a r . e high , , g ide (see ’ — VOOA BU LA R Y mu n d ua a . ) , it st be i dee p , pig ’ ta - o i tatoa u n . . f , ret r

XXIII

’ 0 LE TUS I MA I N IU SILA NI

iu F 1 2 Oa ma u N S a n e . 1 8 9 0 . r , il i , p ,

’ LE A U U S O E ! ’ ’ Si 0 ma a l ofa a tu ua ma sa unia lenei tusi e fa i ’ a i ea a ou feil oa i a i m m t t te . ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l e a ea a tu ia o O t si m ou te fia ta u te uton. O sina ’ ’ ’ ’ a l a 1 la ma ma l a a R o o u a O l e nu u l ea ua a ua ona t g i t r , t ’ ’ ’ O va itul oto v evela na a i ma l e a mea o a a a i , t si , t g t e ’ ’ a el e a lii a Sa a l a a to t na a si si i a i e sa i li m ta gi . m ma ga tu ’ ’ ’ R o o u a ma i A uk ila ni 0 10 l a va e 80 ma l a na a oa i t r p i , t ’ ’ itula e 9 sa ma 6 i a i i l e nofoa a fi ona fa a toa ta nnu n i l ea a .

’ ’ ’ E i a i l e fa le ma i i R otorua ua sa u nia mo ta ga ta ma ma i ’ ’ ’ ina ia l a ou ta e el e a i l e i a s iomia l e a l l t i va . U f e i e ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ fa nua na teuteu l l ua ma ta ofié la a l a a u es e es e ua e ei , g v ’ a l l i. Sa ma sa va va i e fa nua one 1115 va a ia lea O una va i i i , p ’ ’ ’ lua f l l e . Sa O o e oto a u a na ese ia pu na va i i puna va i uIna ’ ’ a ua ua vevela la a l e va i eisea i na lu a 0 a fi l v , p i g se te e 80 SE LE CTION S FOR RE ADIN G

’ ’ ’ ua os o l e a u a lu a 0 u mu l ua s i g e pei se te e pusa . E ’ ’ lema fa i ona ta ele se ta si i l e pu na va i na fe nua a u a u a ’ vevel a tele la va l e va i ua s iomia foi l e puna va i i l e puipui ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a e i a a i a a a a oti a a in n p ii ii i t g t m i. S ma tete i ina na ’ ’ ma ma ta ma ta i a i a ua ta ita iina l e va i vevel a i pa ipa ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ o o ta el e a es e es e i totonu o l e a l ma i l e na fa a o e g f e , i ’ oo oina a i S na va i ma lulu ona a s os ma a l ea ona p p i i , f t f i ’ a l a t e e i. ’ ’ ’ U a a oa a s o lua sa ma a i l a e a t e i i en nu u . S m ’ ’ ’ a a ma a mea ese es e ofo a i ma ua ul a u a Sa m t t i e i i it m . ma ta fa fa o i l e a uva i O l e va itul oto o Rotorua ona il oa a i ’ ’ ’ ’ l ea O l e a u a a oso lu a a i l e l l Sa a l e s u i g e e e e . m a sia si i ’ ’ ’ ’ Ma or i Pa ( o l e a s i lea ) O Ohinemutu e 16 fa a a ogaina se ’ ’ ’ a ua fa i o a fi e ta ga ta 0 l ens. nu u a u gofié na ta o o a latou ’ ’ ’ ’ l ua l a l e fo a el e el mea e a i i omo s iti e i i g e . Sa ma 6 a tu foi 1 se isi Ma ori P a o Wha k a r e- wa rewa l ea ’ ’ ’ na fa iga ta ona fa a ma l a ma la ma a tu mea e ofo a i s a ma ’ ’ ’ E as a a a ona s oona a a l fi ma ta ma ta a i . i t g t s v i ne i pa u ’ ’ l e a i evel e o i latou i se pfi na i a i v v a . O l a a s ma l ea a so ’ ’ ’ foi ua os o iluga l e va i a i pii es e es e pe tu sa Ina l e u mi 0 ’ ’ ’ a a l a e l e va i na os o s e se niu o l e m u ug . Pa ga l a va ! O l e mea lea e ofo tele a i ta ga ta ; se ma ’ fa a lo oina l e vevela 0 ma s eeva e ona ma unonou a i l ea g i , p ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ evel a l e fo a el e el e ma a a O a i e a na il oa ua v g m i . S m ’ ’ va s ia foi l e va ita fe ua OS O ma i i l a l o O l e pa la pa la e o o 1 ’ ’ ’ ’ a i Ona a a i l ea O l e a la a la ua a O 0 l a fog ta . p p p p e pei a a se fa na pe p . ’ ’ ’ ’ o l e ea sa ma fefefe a i o k l ea o l e nu u l ea A m Ti itere , ’ O o oma Ina Komo a ia i va ta fe vevela ma l e e pei S t r , e se i ’ ’ ’ a fi U a l a a l e ma no i 1 l ns nu u a u a ua l le o . e g g e te e tei ’ ’ va ve ela i a i fo na fefil oa i ma l e va i i puna i v . E i pfi ’ ’ ' e la a la na fefil o a l e te tele ua tutumu i l pa p i In sua fi fi . Sa ta ita iina i matou ma nisi ta ga ta sa ma ta ma ta a i e le SE LE CTION S FOR R E ADIN G 81

’ ’ a a l a u a na fa i a ta i a a a ne i s oOna sa va va li ona a t si ii g t g t , p

i ’ ’ ’ ‘ l ea o l e o a l l i tafata fa o una va i vevela a ua f g e e e e p , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ a o o a ou l e a itu l e una p a fi fi i a i na oti. U i m t i t si O p ’ ’ ’ pa la pa la tele ona lele a e l ea o l e a u sa i l e ua susu i matou ’ ’ ’ l e a l na os a U a to a foi l e a la a la ua fil o ia i a u s te e o m i. p p g ’ ’ ’ ’ ma le s ua u fi a na una ea na li ona vevel a l e sua va i , p p , si i ’ ’ ’ ° ua puna ; O l e fua O l e vevel a e l e pa l a pa la ua 23 2

Fa hrenheit . ’ ’ ’ O sina ta la pu upu u lenei i mea s a ma ma ta ma ta a i ma ’ ’ ’ ’ ua ofo l a i ma ua a Ou lé ma fa i ona fa a a li a tu l l te e i , te e ei ’ l e a ea fa e a uig moni o m a p n . Sa ma foi a tu i Okila ni ma nonofo a i ui na i a so ona toe ma l a a a tu l ea Ma u n a u o o R a lun N a g i g t r t , g , pier , ’ W ll n on L l on C u ma a ma u ua e i gt , ytt et , hristch rch O r , ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ matou fa a ta s i a i ma l e ta ma ita i o Ma k erita na outou masa ni . O l e a toe ma la ga a tu i matou ma Ma k erita i l e a so nei t ’ l e a unu u a va i Du nedin. ’ ’ Ia fa a a nuia e 10 a l I m ntou e t tou A ii . a ta nsie pea i ’ ’ ’ a ou u a s eIa O O le a a fa t t m i so t tou te toe a ta si a i.

O FE LE N I MA OLIVE .

N OTE S

’ ' N in S ila ni N ew Z a l a nd — S i o mci s o k a , e ( t c phr se) a r e greeted - tata u (see third person plura l of the P E R

— — S A R S . va ita wto s ea s a ili ma ta i a a ON L P ONOUN ) , g , h ve ’ ’ a n of a ir k — — a a a . a le ma i o a l . os o a e ch ge , t e b th f , h spit ,

' — — — , u . ui a i ll s a i a u e ma lala rise get p p p , tre i p p , t be , pip , ’ old — onto — . a a ma la ma la ma x la n n c , pit , ditch f , e p i , i ter t — Fa a la va l x a ma on . ou n pre g e c ti gr d , — — ' a h a a i - . a a om a . a x l o e rt p , c ve p , fr the c ve p , e p de , s oo fir — — e ona . lo mix m n l e una ook o l h t , det te fi , , i g p , c , b i . G R E MARKS ON S OME OF TH E P OIN TS OF S IM ILARITY BE TWE E N TH E S AM OAN A N D TH E TAH ITIAN A N D MAORI LAN GU AGE S

A s a l a m n on in n o u on a moa n ha s re dy e ti ed the I tr d cti , S its

oo in Ma la a n- ol n a n la n ua w a re r t the y P y esi g ges , hich ok n ma n a n ia l om Ma a a a sp e , with y v ryi g d ects , fr d g sc r ,

ou ou ou a to a a oo - on u thr gh t the S th Se s , H w ii . These r t t g es a re i n o l a M la a a ol a Ma a n n n nd n n . d vided i t the y , e esi , P y esi two la n of l ow o n a con The tter , bei g very rigi , h ve few

- ona n a nd o on u on m . s ts , the w rd c str cti is pri itive The gra mma tica l forms a re mostly j oined to the root by mea ns of a l a nd u ua ll no n on ma in o m p rtic es , s y disti cti is de the f r of a o n n ul a a nd lu a l num a m w rd betwee the si g r p r ber , the s e a pplying to the difference between a ctive a nd pa ssive

a nd w n moo a nd n . verbs , bet ee their ds te ses Tha P olynesia n l a ngua ges ha ve a strong rela tionship to one a no mu in a m wa a a n ther , very ch the s e y th t cert i E u o a n on a a nd n no ffi ul to r pe es h ve , prese t di c ties the

lea rner when he ha s a fa ir gra sp of one of them.

is ' a a m la n a nd mu in ommon There gre t rese b ce , ch c

n a moa n a a n a nd Ma o la n ua . betwee the S , T hiti , ri g ges

TAHITIAN

This la ngua ge ha s a n a lpha bet of thirteen letters five o l a o u a nd on ona n m n v we s , , e , i , , , eight c s ts , f , h , , , ll on a a nd . n o u o o a ona n p , r , t , v I tr d ced w rds cc si y c t i 1 k a nd . , , z ' TAHITIAN AN D MAOR I LAN GUAGE S 83 »

The vowels a r e a ll pronou nced a s those in Sa moa n a nd

‘ tO lé nthen a o l n a e a re short . If it is desired g v we it is i dic t d ' ' ‘ l l ls a k E x hoé one . on o a o u . th s , , This g v we t es the a n o o n l a ll a l cce t , which therwise is b r e by the st sy b e

but one .

F onoun a s in a moa n but o n ha s oun is pr ced S , fte the s d ’ f v r E cc va hine fafine ha a utu fa a oto o o h. ; p p , etc .

H a n in a moa n u n l o u In , which is bse t S , freq e t y cc rs t a a o on to a nd s in a oa x Ta hi i n nd c rresp ds the f S m n. E .

a a a h z a ta hi ta si ha m s l na i fi . In words where the Sa moa n s ha s been introduced it ha s a pronuncia tion l fa intly resemb ing ch.

M a nd n a r e ou n a s in a moa n it a a s ded S , the h ving l l na a l n a n a ll a k s ight y s ( g) tw g , especi y where it t es the la of a moa n o o not o n p ce the S g , which , h wever , d es fte occur .

P ha s the sa nie sound a s in Sa moa n.

R mu h in use a nd mo l a a in la of is c , st y ppe rs p ce the ’

a oa n l a nd . E x. a a f aa fa a l o o ra u S m , 9 f g ; to

T is the Sa moa n t a nd la l . E x. e teie le rep ces nei .

V onoun a s in a moa n a u i u for , pr ced S , is s bst t te the

a moa n v a nd E x. r a ve a ve va hine S , f, ; ’ fa e va u a u a va v e fin ; ; e a .

E a n n r or mo n a ll u n a ither , , , re ge er y , is sed i ste d of ’ E at a oa . a the S m n 9 . i o igoa fa na ura a fa nauga ’ ’ r a i l a mou a mau a gi ; g , etc .

h a r e no ou l on ona n in ah a n a nd a ll T ere d b e c s ts T iti , o e d a o l w rds n with v we . The Ta hitia n is quite a s punctilious in his speech a s the 84 IM L R E WE E N N S I A ITY B T SAMOA ,

a moa n bu t o n m l o a a of o S , fte e p ys v riety f rms pr omis cu onel a ll s o w y especi y is this ith the verb .

Te a l w o on to a a is the rtic e , hich c rresp ds the S mo n le . ’ E x . te a re O l e a l f f e . Its declension in the S ingul a r is

N o m te a re a . f r e o te a e r a G n . f r R a is a pa rticle D t e a a a . i t f re r which a lm ost a lwa ys i e a a A ce . l f re r follows the s ub sta n

Voc . e te a re r a t e j iv .

' W o na m a l 0 u l ith pr per es the rtic e is sed . Dec ension o a a , , i , ia , e .

l a l a l ol E The p ur is litt e inv ved . ither the singul a r num onl u in l a in u a no ber y is sed its p ce , s ch c ses where onfu on of m a n n l k l to a or in o a ll c si e i g is i e y rise , , rder especi y to m a lu a l a l a re l a o e ph sise the p r , p rtic es p ced bef re the E a a n ma . noun on n . . n a e c cer ed , , p

N a m l o n a l n num a nd is e p yed whe de i g with bers ,

E x. o on to a moa n ni . na a re e hita c rresp ds the S f , seven hou ses .

Ma n is used in ordina ry s peech a nd ha s no reference to a ny pa rticula r number ; it corresponds to the Sa moa n ’ ’

iti a . a E x. te ma u a h n o la a . T a , the T hiti s

P ae is ma de u s e of (1) Al most exclusively in rela tion to persons (2) When a la rge definite nu mber is referred to E x e a e ra va a i hoi r a na ? W a a re o two . p h t th se people doing there i The decl ension of the plura l is f ul a identica l with tha t o the sing r . S l Abstra ct nou ns a r e only u sed in the ingu a r . a ona ll n a o a n a t nn n of a Occ si y , whe w rd st ds the begi i g n o te m l o not te a s a se tence is e p yed , , is the c se with the

Sa moa n a le .

The substa ntive ha s only one gender .

8 6 M LA E WE E N AM AN SI I RITY B T S O ,

The rest of the ' per s ona l pronouns a re declined in l a a precise y the s me m nner . The p ossessive pronouns a r e a lso quite simpl e a nd o a s in a oa n f rmed S m .

S ingu la r

’ N om o r d m . ta u a , , y

Ge n . no ta u D t i a a . t u A ce ta u . i

to or to a c th , , y ’ a a en a a etc his t n , G . , no t n , . , to ma tou to tata u to outou o u , y r to r a tou t e , h ir

D a d !

to ma u a to (mm to ma c ou r two ot o u r , , , , b h

The rema inder a re declined in the sa me wa y a s the

singula r nu mbers . ' The su ita ble persona l pronoun is prefera bly u sed in f l E x a e no l . te r 06 a o o s a s a u . p ce the p sses ive , r e f , f to re ou ou of n a o a . thy h se , the h se thee ; i ste d , f The demonstra tive pronou ns a r e

0 teie t is , h 0 te a t a t r , h

The plura l forms of the a b ove r un in a lik e ma nner to Si n ul a a ll nou n a re o m of the g r , especi y where the . s f r ed ’ ’ lu a l o a nd a re r a l k n ula o le e u in p r w rds , t e ted i e the si g r a oa n S m . TAHITIAN AN D ' MA ORI LAN GUAGE S 87

For the purpose of empha sising o teie the word nei

' ' f o n a to it u E af 0 tei e nei ta a ta ma n (here) is fte dded , this

- o 0 tera not u mu . m n a here . is sed very ch The de str tive pronouns pa rta k e more of the na ture of substa ntives ie i ma mea a toa a ll E a . te ne a a . n he d . n djectives , t se The rel a tive pronouns correspond to the Sa moa n ones ’ l n o l k a f ' o te who 0 le . n o , he The dec e si is i e th t the ’ a E x choron tn i te a ni ia oe ra to u n . s bst tive , give f O tei or to tei o who him who a k o . s s thee , (th se ) , is the

plura l . u s e of u a s n ol a nd a t The these is q ite i v ved , yet , the 1 l e i E a m m a s s m a s n a moa n . x. e a nore ma i i s e ti e , p S f ta ma tou ha m ma i ia ma ton a toa a a a ore i tei ha m ia ma tou , f ’ a oa n ia e a a ma a lo i a te i nei . S m : f g matou i a matou ’ ’ ’ ngas a la e p ei o i mdton f o i ona ma tou f a a maga loina a tn i ’ ’ 6 a a la ma ma 0 l n a a s in te i tou . e ta l c a le A lii in g (See , E A TI the R D IN G SELEC ONS . ) 0 tei or o te ta a ta on who E xa m l , , is every e (see p e in l a st pa ra gra ph on the RELA TI VE P R ON OU N in the a GRA MMA R) . This in T hitia n is o te ta a ta i riri noa i tona ’ t k a a a aea e e R a , e n i ia na te s nneder i .

n o a onou n a r e : 0 va i who ? E x The i terr g tive pr s , 0 va i 06 ? who a rt ou ? ea ha a ? E x ea ha to th , wh t 06 kinna ra ? wha t is your wish ? The declension is

N m o . 0 mi Gen no a i . v

D a t . i a va i

a u a om x u 0 m i ta The cc s tive , wh , is e pressed th s onton e imi na om a r e ou l ook n for —l a ll wh y i g iter y, who ou l ook for om n is , y s ethi g n fin onou n : ta hi a no ta ki ta ata The i de ite pr s , ther ; , om a l : a a ns la b lura l s e , sever every , e ch , is tr ted y the p , 88 M L R E WE E N M AN SI I A ITY B T SA O ,

te ma n a toa . E a: tc man ta a ta a toa every ma n te ta a ta om o a n on te ta a ta , s eb dy , y e , with the

n a e are e ore te ta a ta . no o te ma n a toa a toa eg tive , b dy , , a ll r a ve r a ki ma n iti te ta a ta or te ma n ta a ta , y ; , few ; , , one o l n on na a l , pe p e , they (Fre ch , ) , sever . x onou n a toa E x i . 0 va n a toa ne The refle ive pr is , l la . not u u I myse f This tter is very m ch sed . in ma n not s o om l a a s The verb , y respects , is c p ic ted a moa n n n a r a l in a ll moo a nd n the S , it bei g i v i b e ds te ses , both in the singul a r a nd plura l ; only a few a ll owing of l i l l E ll u a on n u a . x. koo a tnra to . red p ic ti the p r , se l a lu a hohoo a tnr . P r , a n a a nd a o m a nd n a re There is ctive p ssive f r , the te ses n a on a u u a nd Im Prese t , First P st , Sec d P st , F t re , the e fi M pera tiv a nd In nitive oods . The present tense is formed by prefixing the pa rticle e

H a c e . or te to . r to o the verb , g

S ingu la r

e h a a o r h a er e a n I o er e n, te , g 6 h aer e oe or te h a ere cc t ou oest , , h g

e h a e e oi a or te h a ere oi a h e oe s etc . r , , g ,

Du a l

e haer e ma u a we two ot o , (b h) g 6 h aer e om a ou two o , y g 6 haere Ta na t e two o , h y g P lura l e ha er e a to we o m u , g a k e e onion ou o d r , y g 6 h a er e r a ton t e o , h y g The persona l pronou ns ca n a lso be pla ced before the

verb . E is genera lly empl oyed in the na rra tive form of

S a nd te to no a fin a on in n . peech , de te de ite cti the prese t ll o E x. te a ra n a tn nei va n in 06 u . p , I te y TAHITIAN AN D MAOR I LAN GUAGE S 89

The first pa st tense ta k es the pa rticle a n in front of the ll Ta a ra ki to . verb . p , ki

na ia a r a hi va n I e p , kill d na ta a r a hi oe t ou e st p , h kill d

na ta a ra hi oi a h e e etc . p , kill d ,

The second pa st tense is distinguished by the pa rticle

F o t a . i o . a a ro o bef re the verb , he r , perceive

a a roo va n I a ve ea i f , h h rd a a roo oe t ou a s t ea i f , h h h rd

a a roo oi a h e h a s ea etc . i f , h rd ,

The two forms of pa st tense j ust given a re not u sed in on nuou na a a n u fi n in c ti s rr tive , the b re verb bei g s f cie t , the na m n to on a of a n a on a l a tive i d , c vey the ide cti re dy o l a cc mp ished . The future is indica ted in exa ctly the sa me wa y a s the n n a n o a l 6 E x 8 ta e prese t te se d f rmed by the p rtic e . will om ta e c ou l om va n e c . , I c e , th wi t c e , etc The impera tive mood ta kes the pa rticle e or a before E a a ha er l o or a ha ere 06 1 a ra . e re the verb , g , ; k e E t i te a ne a a . u n o p , t e the br d is sed whe it is wished l f express a gent er form o c omma nd . nfini moo a ou l one a o n to The i tive d is d b e , cc rdi g “ to or i o to n n a n whether n rder is the i te ded me ing . I a u o in fi in a n a nd e n is sed bef re the verb the rst st ce , i the l ’ a E x. ma a a a a . t n oi ia h re wa s a to o e m . tter , he fr id c e l t l u no n a a o ou . This r e is i v ri b y bserved , th gh n a of m a cink a oll o The eg tive the i per tive is , f wed by the E x ie n n . ia a o e a a a a ot l . e h e k o do n prese t te se f q , n a a l in n a l u s e a cre or core The eg tive p rtic e ge er is , , , a l a omm n a n E a: a cre a n which w ys c e ces se tence . i ma a ot W e i h n o . , I ve c me 90 M LAR E WE E N S M AN SI I ITY B T A O ,

' no a l no n to a a n but a There is p rticip e k w the T hiti ,

l a - u a a la pecu i r verb s bst ntive t kes its p ce . This is the a l m u o n to E x a . na p rtic e , which is s bj i ed the verb ’ ’ hi o a tnra te ta a ta a toa ia na i te ha erera a o l sa w , the pe p e l ll in o him om n a m n . R a a o on c i g ; iter y , the c i g c rresp ds to a oa n a a na nra a a na n a the S m g (f f g ) . a o m m l a l to a moa n The p ssive is f r ed si i r y the S , by a ffixing va riou s pa rticles to the verb the most commonly ’ E a: ta a ra k h to k ll oh u n hia . i ia hi ia sed bei g p , be i ed , to n on u a on xa l a m a s in be see , etc . The c j g ti is e ct y the s e o of the a ctive f rm the verb .

’

te k a k a va n I a m s een . P e s ent . i i , ( r ) ’

n a hi ohi a oe t ou wa st s een . s t P a s t . , h ( Fir ) ’ i hi ohi a oi a h e h a s een s een . Se on P a st , b ( c d . ) ’ 6 hi ok i a ma to u we s a b e s een . utu e . , h ll (F r )

The l a st exa mple quoted ca n a lso be u sed in pla ce of

n n . To n a a u ur a on a toa the prese t te se i dic te f t e cti , ,

o a u ou o - o ma on m l o t gether with c ri s w rd f r ti , is e p yed , viz ’ E a a a ino a toa k k o a toa h a . 6 ia v i i . ia f , he l ow l a l on mn . ou wi be c de ed If , h ever , the verb sh d be ‘ om oun one u a s ho oi - é to a a a o m c p d , s ch p , t ke w y , this f r

o not a l m l one ho oi- é - hia n u d es pp y ; the si p e , p , bei g sed instea d . a ux l a to be u ua ll not The i i ry verb is s y expressed . r 0 a i a a E x. ova n teie o v n ne i . n , it is I , The eg tive is ta or a a i cre.

to ha ve a l o a s in a moa n o m u n The verb is s , S , f r ed by si g ’ a E ta a re na a o l . x. 3 n n a u the d tive f , I h ve h se iter ll to e ta o E a ta a A i t . x i a m m ou . n y , is y h se

ra ton a ne a no a . p , they h ve bre d a r e ma n om ou n a re in om There y c p d verbs which , s e

* ca a a or ha a zwith a m m a n n . a s ses , preceded by f , the s e e i g TAHITIAN AN D MA OR I LAN GU A GE S 9 1

n a moa n a nd in o o a tnra ma ira iho i S ; thers the w rds , , ,

noa roa a re os tfix ed . , , etc p The numera l s a r e very lik e the Sa moa n ca rdina l ’ nu m : hoé or ta hi one iti two tor n bers , , ; p , ; , three ; ma ha ou a s ono s ix hitn n va rn , f r ; p , five ; , ; , seve ; , iva n n a hnrn ten tino a hnrn ma hoe l n eight , i e , , e eve

tino a hnrn ma iti l iti a hnrn n . p , twe ve ; p , twe ty , etc ; ma ha a hnrn o hu ners a u n tino ha nere ma , f rty ; , h dred ; ‘ ni a ou a n hoe a un a nd one ta ns a . , h dred , th s d Origina ll y the Ta hitia ns coul d onl y cou nt up to ten the necessa ry numbers a fter this a r e derived pa rtly from l l a l a r e the Sa mOa n a nd pa rt y from E ng ish . The numer s la o o to l on l a p ced bef re the w rd which they be g , the tter E x va rn o r ni a a k n ni a . . e te h . t i g the ge tive c se , eig t d ys o na l a a l a a s o te hitn The rdi s h ve the rtic e dded , , , the a k l a o in n . o n seve th They t e their p ce either bef re , g ver g n l k a na l or a o the ge itive , i e the c rdi s , fter the w rd they a o a n te a t s t O e i o . The r m . r i n ou cc p y f p , the sec d h se fi l te ta h a ou o ma ia . w d be , p I a a num a l a n la o a is er dverb which , whe p ced bef re E a ia t num no m . . orn m ber , de tes ti es , three ti es , b t the ourth ti e oul te ma ha r a n u m . thrice ; f w d be , ll t o o o a a E 93 . ro A prep siti ns g vern the ccu s tive . i o i te a re i o Al o a n to u o n u . n f , the h se s the swer the q esti , to i a a where where is n the ccus tive .

‘ Ma i om i ta e to o a 12 Ma i on u on , fr ; , , t w rds ; , , p ; i nia i ro n in m l of a m no nia ma i p , the idd e it , idst it ; , o n ma i n i r a ro ou i ta etc ro n . d w ; , si ce ; , tside ; , i side , To give a c omplete list here of a ll a dverbs a nd con ju nctions would not be possibl e within the limits of these R ma k a s do not on u a om l a mma of e r s , they c stit te c p ete gr r l a n u a on n bu t m l a m a n w the g ges c cer ed , ere y e s by hich the principa l fea tures of Sa moa n a nd Ta hitia n ma y be 92 M LA R E WE E N AM AN SI I ITY B T S O ,

om a om o o n l o l c p red . Fr the f reg i g the c se re a tionship which x n m w ll a l n a nd we w ll now e ists betwee the i e si y be see , i dra w a brief compa rison between Sa moa n a nd the na tive la n a f e a l gu ge o N w Z e a nd . MA ORI

Ma o on u a l o u on a ll oo n The ri t g e is s e ph ic y p r , there bei g five ow l a o u a nd ten on ona n m 11 v e s , , e , i , , , c s ts , h , k , , , a wh n nd . g , p , r , t , w , l a ll a f The vowe s h ve the sou nd o the Sa moa n ones . H o on to a oa a E a; wa hina c rresp ds the S m n s nd f. a f fine . ’ K l a a a n E x hna na ha toa toa rep ces the S mo .

a toa toa .

M a n a re a s a nd in S moa n . l E x N g ta k es the p a ce of the Sa moa n 9 . a l gi .

P is pronounced a s in Sa moa n .

' l to R u u for a moa n l a s r a ton a n. is the s bstit te the S , , T a moa n one a nd om m o on to is the S , s eti es c rresp ds the ’ l ta ma l i a a E at . ho te ta ma o le . n tha t ngu ge . l a oa v W resemb es the S m n . Wh l a a moa n but onoun mo rep ces the S f, it is pr ced re o l a n s ft y th f.

For a n ua on of lla l RA A R . cce t ti sy b es , see the G MM ’ ho ta n a ta o l e E x. te The a rtic e is ho te o l . g la t a ta ca n o l oa one n a . nou n n g The , which y b st ge der , l l ta kes the a rticl e [so te in the singula r a nd raga in the p ura . The declension is

S ingu la r N om ho te ta n a ta th e m a n . g , Gen o ta n a ta of th e m a n . te g , a a t o th e m a n D a t . k i te ta ng l , c k a n a a th e m a n A c . i te t g t ,

94 ' SIMILAR ITY BE TWE E N SAMOAN

P os s s s s rvE PR ONOUNS

k ta k n o , m y k o ta t h u , y

k o tona , his

to malo u , o u r t o k ou ton ou , y r to r a ton t e , h ir

D ua l

to ma ua ou r two bot our , ( h ) to oru a ou two , y r to r a wa t e two , h ir

a l lco or to l a to o n lu a l a nd The rtic e , , gives p ce i the p r , k of onoun o the the pr is mitted .

P lu ra l

0 a k m a , y n th 0 o , y o ona o r s , r 0 a m, hi a o u r ma tou , 0 ontou o u , y r 0 r a tou t e , h ir

D u al

0 ma ua our two ot our , , b h 0 or ua ou two , y r 0 ra ua t ei , h r

The declension is exa ctly lik e tha t of the pers ona l ono pr u n .

DEMONS TRA TIVE PRONOUNS

l ene t is ane t e s e i , h ; i , h tena t a t er a t o s e , h ; , h

A s in a a n a re use a l a nd sub T hiti , they d djective y s ta ntivel y . TAHITIAN AN D MA OR I LAN GUAGE S 95

RELA TIVE PRONOUN S “

” The rel a tive pronou ns grea tly resemble the Ta hitia n ones in cons tru ctionf a nd in their a pplica tion they a re a lso a oa S a like through ou t . (See the S m n R ELA TI VE PRONOUN

in the GRA MMA R . )

k i te teta hi , h e wh o is hu n a t o s e wh o t os e w g , h , h hich n a ta n a ta k a to a e ve one wh o g g , ry n a ea k a toa t a t whi g m , h ch (See exa mpl e in l a st pa ra gra ph on R ELA TIVE PRONOUNS A in the GRA MM R . ) A hi tea mea a sa teta hi hi tona teina Weira n i (spe k , y) g

k a tik a kia komititia .

INTERROGA TI VE PRONO U NS “ wha w o N om . k o i , h P no mk a f W om Ge n . o i , h D t i a mhu to w o m a . i , h k wha w om A ce . o t , h he a ha w a t , h ‘ m a te a ha w th w w t w a t P , i hich , i h h

IND EFINI TE PRONOUNS

Tokoma ha ma n ra a rud a om n a ta n a ta , y ; , few , s e g g , one e o l ra a ta n a ta ha toa a ll eta hi om , p p e , they ; g g , ; , s e , a l teta hi om o a n o k a hore teta hi no o e . sever , s eb dy , yb dy , n The reflexive pronou ns a re ha rdly ever expressed in Ma o l a n a n to l a u on con ex of a ri , re i ce h vi g be p ced p the t t

sentence to supply this deficiency .

TH E VE R B

m l in on u on a nd in on u a o The verb is si p e c str cti , c j g ti n, a very like the Ta hiti n . There is a distinction between the a a nd a a nd n a re a ctive p ssive , the te ses the s me a s th ose in

Sa moa n. 9 6 M L R E WE E N A N SI I A ITY B T S MOA ,

a n n o m The ctive verb , prese t te se , is f r ed

te k te a ha n I s ee i , te k te k oe t o u s eest i , h te k te k i a h e s ee s i , te k te m a tou W e s ee i , te k te k outou ou s ee i , y

te k te r a ton t e s ee etc . i , h y ,

A T . a P S TENS E I is distinguished by k .

k a ha r a ha I a e e n, c n k a ha e e k oe t ou a ns t r , h c

k a ha e e k i a h e ca n etc . r , ,

T a k . PA S TENS E II . t es i

wha k a ma ha r a a ha u I a ve t a u t i , h gh wha k a ma ha r a k oe t ou a s t ta u t i , h h gh

wha k a ma ha r a k i a he h a s t a u t etc . i , gh ,

PA S T TENS E III which c orresp onds most nea rly to the l k u o m na . p perfect, is f r ed by

k ua k awe a ha n I h a d ou t , br gh k na k awe matou w h a d ou t , e br gh k ua k awe a tou t e h ad ou t r , h y br gh

The FUTU R E ta k es 6 .

e or a a ha n I s al l ve , h l i

e or a k oe t ou s a l t ive etc . , h h l ,

The mea ning of the firs t pa st tens e often a pplies to a

‘ fu u a on a l a on lu n a nother b e ins a nd t re cti re dy c c ded whe g , r esembles mor e nea rly the second future in E uropea n I s v ha ll ha e done . E u a s x. W n ou verbs , s ch , he y S a ll a nd a ou ll no Otira k a k ( h ) see this th t , y (wi ) k w ite k outou k o reia konton mohia a i l a ll n iter y , whe y ou (sha ll ) ha ve seen tha t Such phra ses a r e of

consta nt occurrence . m a n o u a l k a The i per tive is i tr d ced by the p rtic e i . k a ha ere o ! a l uen l E x. i o m . , g The p rtic e is freq t y itted

98 S M L E WE EN AN I I ARITY B T SAMO ,

N um a l of mul l a on a re u nk no n to a or er s tip ic ti w the M i . num of o on a a nd on u n on The ber prep siti s , dverbs, c j cti s in la n ua 18 not on a l a nd a a a the g ge c sider b e , they be r gre t m l a n to o i n a rese b ce th se S moa n . For purp oses of compa rison the SELECTI ONS FOR N o A D I G s . V . a nd a re a n n n o RE N , I V here ppe ded , re dered i t a a n a nd Ma o T hiti ri .

TAHITIAN

TE PURE R A A TE FA TU

’ E to o e a o r ia r os oa I ma u M ua a a a i . a ta e t t i te , te to oe ra a Ia ha a a ohia to OS hina a ro ua e h u . n n i i p i te fe , a i a o a na H o ma i a a a u ia a o m tei te toa . i te m e m t u i a a a E fa a ore a i ta a o a a a a nei m n . m m u m i i teie h i t h r , a o a a fa re a a a a ei E ab a m t u to e a o i tei h r i m tou n . ci e fa a ru e ia ma ou ia r oohia — noa — hia a ti fa a ora 1 a ia t e te , e

a ou no n . m t i te i . Ame e

— T P R A B OL R T L k a 3 0. A A A S M I u . E E E A A R A . x

hoe a a a no J u a l ms ha erera a J k o Te t t er s e i te i eri , oohia ihora nana eia a u ta ra ta ra hia ih ora a ua a hu r i te h r , t a ou a ru a ru o e oia a a tu a fa a rue ih ora ia e r t , e p p ih r , h ere r , ’ a a a a - a a hoe na na a a o . U no m , f t t i te p he h ere ir te ’ ’ ’ a u a na a ua e a na a u a oia ia na fa a ha ha u e t h t , e ite t r , ’ ’ a a e e a ra a E hoe a ti L a u a na u . t r , te t hi p t i te h ere te evi ’ hoi ha erea na a ua e a ra a a a ma a a ua a ra e te t , e f t t ir t v hi , ’ ’

a u a ia na chi s 6 a u a na a a e e a . e ite t r , p t r te t hi p Te ’ hoe a a a r a no a ma a a r noa to na a s ta e t t S ri i h e e i h ere , e ’ ’ a u a oia ia na a o a u a a a u a a iho ua t r , r h t r h ere t r i pih i , ’ nimi ihora i te hi nu e te na ina i roto i te ma u puta no na ’ ra ihora ha a a ra hi a u a ia na nia a na iho vehi , e p t r i i t TAHITIAN AN D MAOR I LAN GU AGE S 99

’ ua a a a a a u a ia na a ti a era a u tuutu a u a p , r t i t r i te f re p , t r ’ ’ ’ a E a o a a ia ha er e ' é oi a ra na a a a oia ia n . er , , r ve er i e mon veo tuu a u a a a a a ra na 6 a u a ia piti i , t r i te t t f re , t r ’ na : E utuutu oe nei a a a ia o a oa ta oe ra i teie t t , e rir t ’ ’ mon na u is o o a tu hoo ia oe ia ho i ma i a u ra . i , e h p i i te

MA OR I

KO TE IN OI 0 TE A RIKI

E to ma ou Ma ua a n k ia a u tou in oa t t i te r gi , t p g k ia ta e ma i tou ra nga tira ta nga ; kia mea tia ta u e pa i a i ki k i nua kia a no ki to a un a n . o r g te whe , rite te r gi H ma i a a ou a ia nei a o ma ma ou ma n ra ki m t he t r t te ei . Mu rua o ma ou a a me ma ou ok mu u nei o u t h r , t h i e r i te h nga e A a ok a o ha ra a ni k i a ma tou . u h i m t u e k a wea k ia wha k a ri wha k a ora ia ma ou k a a en a n no . m w i g g t i te i A ine .

K T KU U I WH A KA R ITE A KI T HA MA R I — O . R nk . 3 0 E P E x . .

a a tu e i a n a a u a a ma ki rk o a I h ere tet b t g t i Hir h r He i , k a u a k k i n a k a i a ua na k a u a ona a ou t t i g p h , , h i e r t , k a tukitukia ia a a a na wha k a rerea ihoia me e , h ere , , te m a k ua

ma . N a k o tetehi o un a a noa a na te , t h g e h ere i ta ua a ra a ona k n a a ia ninihi k e a tu a na na a ba k , t ite g i , t i . I pena e a a ok teta hi R iwa ti, ta k u ki ua a k a a k a titiro h i t w hi , h ere ,

ninihi k e a tu a na na taha ki . N a k o teta hi Ha ma ri e ha ere

a na ki n a nua ta en a k i a ia k a k e a ia g whe , te g , it i , k a a o a a k a a a tu k a a a o , n , , na a u n a rin i i r h h ere t k i i p t g , g h a ih o k ' nu k i a na k a wha k a noho a ia i te hi te w i , i k i tona a k e ‘ k a ra r ehe a a a a na ia ki a tira a ta k we te wh re , wha itia a na

ia . s on a a k e ona ha eren a k a ton ohia I te g , i t g , g e ia e rua n a n hoa tu a na ki ta n a ta i a k g pe e , e te g te wh re , a mea

k i a ia : mau ia a ; a ki ma a a tu Ru mea a u e ti ki te h e p , ma k u k oe u tu na ok ai a a e i h i m h u . VOCABU LARY

E N GLI S H - S A MOA N A N D SA MOA N - E N GLIS H

N EA RLY a ll the words of everyda y u s e in Sa moa a re to be l ou n in Vo a u a . nou n a a a s a ul in f d this c b ry The s ppe r , r e , ’ m l o m a l o their si p e f r with the rtic e mitted . When f a a is fou nd following a Sa moa n word it indica tes tha t this par ’ l a r one a l o o me w fix a a E x ticu is s f r d ith the pre f . ’ m m a n ma na tu a or a a ma na tn a to fill tumu Re e br ce , g , f g , , ’ or f a a tnmn. ’ ’ u wo a s o o m a a ta n ta u S ch rds th se f r ed with f , , (see RA A R a re not n lu e un e fix but mu G MM ) i c d d der th se pre es , st ’ ’ o - E x a a o u ou u n o o . . to be s ght der their r t w rd f f , ’

: o n . dress see f , etc The words a ppea ring in the GRA MMA R a nd SELECTI ONS R G re not n o o a Vo a FO R EA D IN a i c rp r ted in this c bula ry . In order to a void a ny lik elih ood of doubt a s to the pa rt of a o n a in a a o m of speech w rd , it is i dic ted bbrevi ted f r

N oun n. a a d a where necessa ry . ( ) djective ( j) dverb

on un on on . . a re (a dv. ) c j cti (c j ) etc The verbs dis

tinguished by the preposition to. or a n x la na on of Chie - word RA A R im F e p ti f , see G MM

media tely preceding SYNTA ! .

E N GLI S H - S AM OA A

‘

b l e t o b e ma a a us e , t o mo a , , f i cc , li o ve a o t u a a u s tome t o to be mas a n a b , l f , i l g cc d , i a n e mau a c u a int e w t to e ome a bu nd c , q d i h , b c , a e t t o m s a o ta cc p , , a l , li ’ ’ om s to a a iu a a u re ea n to ma n a cc pli h , , f , f cq i , r , , a ct er orm a n a t on to a o a nma , p f c i , , g , a ccount tus i o la a ita lafn f a t

102 VOCABULARY

a ns to id a y e u a b i h , , f bic cl , il ’ ’ a n s o e a uva i a ewe to a a mdvae b k , h r bid f r ll , , f ’ a of a t ee a u b i a e te e s b rk ( r ) , p g , l rg , l , ili ’ a en a nunma t as e b i in s ta tu e es e b rr , rid , i , g g ( r ) , a row t u a ta ea u tu b r , r ck , f bill , b k , g a s et a t o ete n to us i nonoa s ee ma k e b k , , bi d , , f , ( ’ ’ a t e to ta ele a a ma lfi e 08 1 b h , , , f (chi f f ) wo n u wo un s to rd) bi d p ( d , , ’ a t n - a e ta el e a b hi g pl c , g ’ a t o om otu ta e e m a nu e e u a ma nu b h r , p l bird , l l ( pl r l , b e e o e a n one t o a ma n b f r y , , l di ’ ’ ea s o e a uva a s o e ik o o b ch , h r bi h p , p p ea m of wo o uto oto te t o u b ( d) , p bi , , ’ ’ ’ e a a va itte o ona b rd b r , ea s t o f e ma nu eu a u u b p r y , f i bl ck , li li ’ e a t s t e to ta o w t th e a en to a a uliu li b , rik , , , p ( i h bl ck , , f ’ ’ a n a s m t tu z ao h d) bl ck i h , f ea ut u e e ma ta l el ei md a me t o va vau b if l , l l i , , bl , , ’ na a a n et woo en ie mamoe i bl k ( ll ) , ‘ ’ e on t o ta l o es s to a a ma nui a b ck , , bl , , f ‘ b ed moe a es s n m a nzii a g bl i g , ’ e oo m om moe n t o a a ta u as o b dr , p bli d , , f ‘ ' b ee Ia o me z n m a ta im ta u as o , g l bli d , ’ ' e e u l u ma l a u n to e ome a a ta ua s mna b f, p bli d , b c , f b e e i a oo toto r , p bl d e et e mo a mo a oo -ves s e ua b l , g g bl d l , e o e a e lei a n lei i na a os s om u a b f r , , bl f g ’ e o e a s o t t me a o a na ot out e a e to e u a b f r , h r i g , bl , ff c , , f l ' l eil ci ow th e t um et to ili bl ( r p , , , e o e a n ev ous a na mu a a i b f r h d , pr i ly , , g mua oa a n la u a a i b rd , pl k p p ‘ b e e u es t t o a im ole a oa s t t o mita mita g , r q , , , , f b , , ’ a l o a o a s t u ma ma o g b f l , p e in t o ma ta a u a oa t b i o ne w a e - o a t b g , , , f b ( g h l b ) , e nn n a ma ta a s oata u b gi i g , g ’ e a ve oo s t o a a va l ea oa t s ma one a o a o b h f li hly , , f b ( ll ) , p p e a viou a m o oa t ene a wo tu u a b h r , i b ( g r l rd) , l l ’ e eve t o ma s a o a a tua tu a oa t u s e for on t o -fis hin b li , , l , f b ( d b i g) , ’ ta litonu va a dlo e a n ta ita i o t no b ll (h d) , g g b dy, i e ove e e o u e a a a b l d p l b il , lc r , p p l e ow a t th e ott o m a o o t o una th e wa te is b l , b , i l l b il , , p r ’ en s t00 to nou o e u a una le va i b d , p , , p u b il d p ’ ’ ’ ent u u ve a a mo umo u o a n m as , , f , g , a b p c r d “ b ld d ri l i es es e le a ta z lea on e i vi b id , g b es e e t o s ios io on to a fi s h a tu b i g , , b i ( ) , ’ et a to a a l a ta oo tus b r y , , f b k i ’ ’ ewa e o f t o a l o es e o om t o s u on th e ee b r , , b , ( rf r f, ’ ’ B e tu s a d a a s a i a oa i ibl , i p i f , ENGLISH - SAMOAN 103

’ oot s e eva e u et u u b b ll , p l o e to v ia ta nu a b r , drill , , ili bur l , g ’ o ow t o a ita l a u no u n to mu s us u 'nu a a b rr , , f , , b r , , , , f o s om a ta a ta u to ta nu na b , f f b ry, , , ott e a u us va o v n us b l f g b h , irgi b h , ou l a ld Id ma tua b gh , , o un a tu aoi u s t e tu mo l a ua tu b d ry, b l , r il i ou u et of owe s teu b u t a a e a e ei ta b q ( fl r ) , , , , p i b ow of a s ta umu a utt to su a ( hip ) , b , , b ow a e a u a na u tte a ta ( rch ry) , f b r , p ’ b ox a a its a utte l ele u a p , p b rfly, f ’ b o l a d ta ma utton a a ma u y , , b f ’ ’ a e et ta u lzma b u u a s e to a a ta u br c l , y , p rch , , f ’ a ns a i a i l a ta l a ta 6 a ta a ne br i , f by , , l ’ bra nch l a la a u a s s a a memea br , p ' C a ve ta ta loté a br fi fi , ’ a vo md h e a e ro e ma ea ma a a br c bl , p , , fi fi ’ e a a l a oa m as a ea a e oto i br d , f , i (h rd br d) c k p ’ ea u t u l u a oun o f cow ta ma z oo br dfr i , c lf (y g ) , p i ea t o a u momo to to a of l e a te va e br k , , g , , fi fi c lf ( g) , t s a s t m ea ns t o b ea k in a l out t o tea a a a ( hi l r c l , cry , , , l g , p ie ces ) va l a a u ea in two a s u n e t o a u a a 18 0 br k , d r , , g c ll , h il ’ ’ ea o en t o u a z a e na m e to b e oa br k p , , p c ll d , d , , ig ’ ea t ou t o va el u a a u w a t is ou na m e o o br k hr gh , , , g h y r p ’ ea u t o a u a u a i lo u oa M n a me is br k p , , g g ig y ’ ’ ea s ts su s u B o (f it 0 B br , ’ ea t ea t n mana va a a t o to va l a a u br h , br hi g , g c ll , , b eez e s a v a m l a ua i r , ili c p p ’ e a a toa no ota nc a m t o t tol a u d i brid , f f c p , pi ch , p ’ ‘ e oom a a toa u a z d a a m n - a e to a la u a i brid gr f j h rd c pi g pl c , g p ’ l e ve u s e a n a n a a ma los i y r d) c did , fr k , f ’ e a u a a l a u a a a l a va i a n e s t tu u d la me a bridg l p p , c dl ick , g p ’ e a a u tu a nnon b i u n a na a nu a bridl f g c , g g , f f n t o a uma i a va tu ca onnet u ou bri g , , , p , b , p l ’ n a wa to a n es e a ta it ma ta u u bri g y, , c pi l (c y) , p ’ ’ n a t o a a o'i ma i a e s s on l e t o ta a l o bri g b ck , , f f c r , f d , , s n m e va ve a ent e ta a a bri k , i bl , c rp r , f g ’ oa l a u oa te e a et ie a u br d , l l c rp , f ’ o o a t t o o oa a e a t o a mo a ia l a na ve br d , h ch , , f f c rry, b r , , , f , ot e of a ot e us o a t wa on a ia o r no ou br h r ( br h r) , c r , gg , f f ’ ot e of a s s te tu a ne a a ta a va leva le br h r ( i r) , ag f ot e a ou n e uii a t e u tu a a br h r , y g r , c r ridg , f g ’ own 6 m a a ve t o to ito i br , c r , , g g u s e u s to nuti a l a a ve a es u es etc to br i , cr h , , p c r f c , fig r , , b u d of ea ves t o a m a t a ( l ) , { j ig ’ u t o a ti a osi a s e b ox a to a a u b ild , , , g c , l

u n 11 . a le a s t meta to tun b ildi g ( f c ( l) , , a 104 VOCABULARY

ca t a s t ot - ot n la va a va , p cl h cl hi g , l ’ ’ ’ a t to u e ot e t o o u a a c ch , , p cl h , , f , f ’ a te a a nu e othin o u c rpill r, f cl g , f ca ve a na clou d a o ea s e to mavue u wea on ua to i c , , cl b ( p ) , g ent e e a iu o o oa md l a l a c ip d , l c l ’ a n mea ua mea oa t o u te e el eue ch i c f l , p a n e a te to liu o - toa ch g , l r , , c ck bird , ’ a oa md l a l a o oa nut m a o e ch rc l , c c , , p p ’ a t mea a lo a o oa nut e moi a a ch ri y, f c c fibr , ’ a m to o l ol o oa nut oil s ud u u ch r , , l i c c , ’ ea e a s ona e ta u o l é o oa nu t - a m m a ch p , r bl , g f c c p l , ’ ’ ’ ea t to o e 0le a a o n me a ta e ch , , l , f c i , d l , p ’ ee a a u o a d ma o ma lfil fi ch k l f , c ld ( j lili , ee u a a o a u a ch rf l , fi fi c ll r ’ ’ em s e o u otu o e t a s s e m e to a a oto ch i , f l c ll c , bl , , f p ’ es t b ox a to a d a oto ch , , l p es t -oi - a we s us a tos o o e t woo for fire t o s eus eu ch dr r , p c ll c d ( ) , , es tnut i o ou d e Ia nu- ch , fi c l r , y ’ c e w to md md la ma co o u d e to a a l a nu h , , , l r , y , , f chief a lii co mb s elu ’ ’ ie ta nes s a ta ma ita i om a t a a tua a ch f i , l dy, c b f g g ta ma co m e to ma u ma i s a u a o child , , , li , fi of a e a la e -wo child ( chi f) , ( chi f rd) t ana u om e a fte o ow t o ana u childbir h , f c r , f ll , , f en ana u o m e own to i oi o childr , f c d , , f f ’ ’ oos e e e t to li li om e out t o a l u es e a e moi ch , l c , , fi fi c , , , ’ o u woo to mmle a e ome t owa s a ro a t o ch p p d , , f fi c rd , pp ch , , u a a nua oti 3 03 0 ma i ch rchy rd , f i a u tu a a o m et us a loa c g r , f g c , p a s s a n vas e a omm an o e oloa i a cl , r k g c d , rd r p g ’ ’ a w a w a ti iva e omm a n e a a ve ou cl , p g c d r , li i ’ ea n u e ma ma o mm emo a t on a a ma na tu a cl , p r , c r i , f g ’ ‘ e a n t o u u l u a a ma ma ommen e to a ma ta cl , , f f , f c c , , ea t ma la ma l ama omm t ad ul te t o mulilu a cl r , brigh , c i ry , , ’ ea l e v ent l no omm on l ow a a ta u va a cl r ( y ) , id (ly) , i if c , , f ’ u s e w t a ve a s a n ommunit a a oto oto a d i h rb c y , f p p g ’ a ve loa t no s ee om a e t o a a tus a d rb , i i c p r , , f ’ ’ ea ta nt no s ea om e to ta u u na u cl rly i p k c p l , , ea etc om ens a t e to toto i a tu cl rly, . c p , , g ’ eft ev e u om a n t o eoa i cl , cr ic , p c pl i , , f

e w te tus itus i om o s e ette oem etc . to cl rk , ri r, c p (l r, p , ) , ’ f a a a u tus clif , cr g , i ’ ’ to ti i es e va e es e o n ea e s e et a d l lo clip , , p , c c l d , cr ( j i , o u a t nd nd cl ck , i ' ’ ’ os e s ut to ta um um on emn s ent en e to a a s a la cl ( h ) , , p , p c d , c , , f c os e t o ne a a ta a na ta a on m o a t to ta uto l , r , i l i f c fir by h , , on o m a e a o n to tus a c f r bl , cc rdi g , ot ma te a l We ma cl h, ri ,

106 VOCABU LARY

’ a n e to s va e s e to ma na o d c , , i d ir , , ’ a n e e a a na es ou s to b e ma na o d g r , p ril , f i d ir , , ’ a n e ou s a a na es o a te es e t a o a o tu u u a d g r , f i d l , d r , g g , f ’ a oom u u ou liu li e s a ememea i d rk , gl y , li li , p d p ir f ’ ' a r nes s o is a ou ltu li es a to a a va z va i te oto d k , p g , p d p ir , , f l ’ a u te o f th e a t e a a e s s e to i no d gh r ( f h r) , f d pi , , ’ ’ ne es t o ea u to t ne t fi d r y, br k p , , i , ’ a u te of th e m ot e ta le eti a a ma le e d gh r ( h r) , p , f p ’ m a tei ne es t u t on a a ta u na m a d r c i , f f ‘ ’ a wn of d a ta a ma z a ta evou ea t t o a i d y , f d r , , , d a d o a s o d a a s o s e d ew s a u y , , y Opp d , t o n t i a m o n i a loma igh d d , d a a t e t o -m o ow e l u a i a oea ta td y f r rr , i d rrh , ea a m a te o f a n m a s oti die u e vi d d , p ( i l ) , , c b li “ ma u i u t a i a ta li d ffic l , f g ’ ea tu tu d i t o eli d f, li g , , ’ ’ ea t a e t o a a di out t o eli es e d l , r d , , g g , , e t a ita l a u di mm e s e t o u i to u d b , f p , i r , , f , f ’ ’ e to s ee u n e owe is ex re t m a na e to ta ta d b r ( d r ) di c , g , , i i ’ ’ ’ es s e o i a i m a lo u mea e t o ma ta p r d dir c r , i ’ ’ m e to t e e e e y d b r dir , l l ’ ’ ’ e a a t o e es t o a a t ele elea d c y , f ll pi c , , p dir y ’ e e t ole i a i s a ea to md va e d c i , g d pp r , , ’ e eive to ol e s a e la ma d c , , di gr c ' e em e Tes ema s a tte tano a D c b r , di h , p l r , e e tu e male a le a s n ne t o b e m us u d cr pi d , p p di i cli d , , ’ ee ma u l a lo s m s s to tu u atu d p di i , , ’ e en t o a a tonu s o e ent nl u va l e d f d , , f di b di , ’ ’ e n e t o a a tuma u s ta nt em ote m a m a o d fi , , f di , r , ‘ e n t e ma tud in o n un t on s t n u s e ma ma u d fi i , ( c j c i di i g i h d , l wit ve s a nd a e t ves v e t o va c h rb dj c i ) di id , , ow e n te e etween to va t o kn d fi i ly divid b , , ' ’ t i oa iv s on of t m e tu u a m a uc il d i i ( i ) , l ’ e a es t a te t o va va u a a d o m a e t o a t d l y , h i , , , f , k , , f d o ? e e te tu a i d o : h ow d o y ou p ‘ e ive a n ove t o oa l ma t m a l é l ci d l r , h d r , , f , ’ ’ d o w on t o eas e a a l ea a tu u a tu r g , , , f g ’ a t o ana u d o w n to a i tu tzt delive r child , , f illi gly , , f ’ n a m t o 3 18 6 o to oma i dema d , cl i , , d c r f ’ e u l i n s own t o e elo a a ti d o mdil , de y , di , , p p , f fi g e a t t o ma u a tu a l u o a ta d d p r , , li , d ll r , l ’ ’ t s i ol a u tu uva a o o a i totoa dep a r by h p , f , d r , f ’ a s a los a lova le t u e a a ma va e a ou t t o , m dep a r r , f g d b , I n i a n tu t e ma nu ta e t ee nes s oto moana ove , g d p h , d p , l , d d r l i ownwa s i o e s on m o e ta uemu a own , , f d ri i , ck ry , g d d rd f e nea te t o tus es en to a l u i o o a w , , , d c d , , f , if dr d li i a w u t o tos o es e t to s o a , p , d r , , l dr ll ’ o a a ilo a t o a ve no es e to to a w o t , t g des ire h d ir , dr f r h f ’ s to vi a a u nw n mus u a w l ot , , , f b e illi g, dr li ENGLISH -SAMOAN 107

’ a w off t o a a itu ti e el tu na dr , , f , ’ a w ou t u out t o ca es e e udmoa dr , p ll , , , gg f ’ ’ ' tos o es e e to l a ta u tu u u a ggs, y , f a w u ette o u me nt e e of two u luma tu a dr p (l r , d c , ld r ( ) , ’ ’ t o tus i e e a nt a s s e e e e , l ph i i , f f ’ ’ ' a w u t to s s a e tos o a e e m e m a o dr p , lif , , i i , pir , l ’ ’ e a m m t em t t o s a a i s a s a a dr i i p y , , , e a m t o mi tt en e t o s ta s o dr , , circl , , i ’ ’ es s ot e t o a a o u end tu a i u a ta a a dr , cl h , , f f g , , g g ’ ’ ’ e u a s e e nd t o i n a a a a uma dri d p , g , , , f f n t o i nu en ea vou ta e a ns to dri k , , d r , k p i , , ’ ‘ ve a wa t o tu es e tciuma a i dri y , , li f ’ ’ ve ou t e e t o tu l es e en u e t o onos a i t a dri , xp l , , i , d r , , , ig ’ tu i a o ene m foe li o te i ta li f f y , , fi , ; ’ ’ o e a o f e s a t on enem 0 le i ta i a te d a dr p , b d ( p r pir i ) , y, ’ ’ ’ ’ ' a l u a lu en nee ta a mlz a gi r , fi ’ ’ d l ‘O to a a tito e nm t os t t ei ta a i p , , f i y , h ili y , f g ’ ’ own t o ma lemo en u e a out t o s u es u e dr , , q ir b , , , dru m logo ’ ‘ u n nto a te omi ent e a ou s e to a l u a le dr k , i xic d , r ( h , , f ’ ’ m a tu tu ma o ent e uite u ma a to a dry , g ir ( ly) , q , , ’ t o m a mna o s o o ent u s t on e t o a a tu a tu a dry , , g g , l i r , c fid , , f ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ u t o a a s ol o i ma mna o envi ou s a a a u dry p , , f , g g , f u a to envo S ava d ck p y, li ’ ' u unt ma ta tu a env m a ta u d ll , bl , p y ’ ’ u n m a nfi e em a a ma i d ri g , pid ic , f ’ u s t ow e e ue u es ta s t o a a vae d , p d r f f bli h , , f u t u o e ent va o o é es te em mi ao d if l , b di , g fi g s ente s a na toto es tee m e ma ma u dy ry , d , l even eve a a , l l , p p even n a a i g , fi fi e v en e t es t m on molima u id c , i y, e a e a eto ev b a d a d i ta ea a gl , il , ( j , l g ’ ’ ’ ’ e a r a us dito ta a e a m e a a a oa o , , lig x pl f e a va vea o e en s us u a rly, Exc ll cy, g e a n m e it t o ma ua e e ent s si r , r , , xc ll , ili li ’ ’ e a t l a lol a i t e e e e e e t a u a l e s e ua n aa r h , g ; dir , l l xc p , ’ ’ ’ s o m oul o d ele e e e t e t o a a onoono il , d , f g l xci , , f ’ ea t u a e ma ui e e et on ea nu a r hq k , f xcr i , f g ’ e a s t s a s oe e u s e to a a ma a lo , xc , , f g e a s a ve o d e e t ones e t o na na u y, g fi x r lf, , fi fi , ’ e a t t o a i ta uma a e , , f ( chi f wo ta ute of a n e e t o td ea a rd) ( ki g ) xil , , f g eb b -t e ta i it is eb b -t e a o e s t to tuma n id , id , xi , , é l e ta i e s t en e ol a ol a a p xi c , , g ’ ’ e s e o f th e m oon o te a s e e e t t o a a ta li clip , g xp c , , f ’ ’ ’ e e e e e a n t o a a m a ta l a l l xpl i , , f e e n a e e o e e o nno t e t o a s i a si dg , bri k , p l xpl r , r c i r , , ’ ‘ e u a te n u to ta us a oai e t en t o a a old d c , bri g p , , i , x d , , f f 108 VOCABULARY

’ ’ ’ e t n u s a t t o eu a n s t o a a uma a a fu x i g i h ( ligh ) , , f l , fi i h , , f , f ’ ’ a a a a fi re a f p é , f ma te fi ’ e e m a ta e a e o d umu y fir pl c , g ’ e e ows u lu u luma ta ewoo a e y br , f f fir d , f fi e e Ia uma ta s t the u l ua i mu a mua y lid , fir , , , fi rs t - o n u luma tua b r , ’ fi s h i a F fi s h t o a ota , , f g a e ma ta o o a e s e ma n ta uta i f c j j g (chi f fi h r , wo fi s h - oo matou rd) h k , ’ ’ a t e e a a tu a tua ta litonu fi s t n u us u f i h , b li f, f , , , f ’ a t u nes s mon t o a a tu ma u f i hf l , i fix, , f ’ ’ a to a a fla u a f ll , , p g f a a s e e to moe a m e mfi mii o te a f ll l p , , fl fi a o u t w a n e t o e na u a 2 a n a u f ll , r gl , f fi fl k g l a os t a te to a u i o fla t eve a a f ll p r r , , p f , l l , p p a m ai a a tten on t o d u f ily , g fl , ir , , li fa n i li flea u tu ti , fi fa r em ot e ma mao ca te e flee r u n a wa y to s ow l a , r , , l , , , ’ a e we t s ee bi d a rewe l es m us e a no as e f r ll , bid ( f l ) fl h , cl , g a s on cu s to m Iii t es a e s os o a f hi , , fligh , c p l a s t to a na o i o e a u f , , p g fl ck , h rd l f ’ fa t ea s e a o o o nun a t on la lo o d vmi , gr g fl d , i d i , , f g fa t ea s l a ule'mu floo d -t e ta i it is flood -tid e , g r y f id , , " ’ a t e ta ma u a a na e 16 mi f h r, f a tt oto flow t o ta e f y l , , f ea t e e owe u a s ei a f r , frigh f f fl r f g , ' e a s t ta us a nn a u u s u d f g fl id , liq id ea t e u u Ia o a rova int o u e f h r , f l fly g , g ( r d c d e u a Fe ua li wo F br ry , p rd) ee i ne t o a a t o e e s os o a flee om f d , l , , f g fly, , l l , l ( fr ) ee to to a o a e ea ves l a u f l , , g f li g , l , ’ ’ ’ ’ e e o t o to a o o w t o a na a na us ius i ta i f l c ld , , f ll , , , ; ' e ow ta mcil oa m u mutimu ti th e two s t f ll li , ( fir ’ ’ ’ en e e e m a u d wo s a l s o m ea n to obe f c , h dg , , p rd y ’ ette t o a a m a u o ow t o s e a n o f t me f r , , f f ll , ( p ki g i ) , eve ma t vevel a a muli f r , , e tos d ito o va ea fi ld , f lly , l ’ ’ fi el d - a t a l a tu a o o mea e a i a a p h , f d , , ig fi ma t o o es te va lea g , i f l , j r , t onte s t m s a na u o o t va c figh , c i , fi f ’ t t o e na u a i o ot s too ta uvae figh , , f fi f l , ’ ' fi l e t o z li for ns t ea o f e s ui , , , i d , ’ “ t o tu mu a a for t en a u a fill , , , f , h

a ves s e u etc . t o u tu o t o va va o fill l , j g , , , f rbid , , ’ na mu li a z o en ad ta u fi lly , f rbidd , , p fi nd t o m a u o e owe ma na , , f rc , p r ’ ' ’ in e ta m a il 'ima o e ea muci u l u f g r f r h d , ’ fi n er -na l a t ma i u u o e n s t a n e a a l a i g i , igi , f r ig , r g , p p g

110 VOCABULARY

u es t - ous e a te ta lima l o e a td s eoli nt o u e g h , f h ll , f ; (i r d c d ’ ’ ’ u e ea e 0 l o ta ta wo g id , l d r, i i , rd) ’ ta imu a e m o f a s a ouli h l ( hip ) , f ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ u e e a t o ta i ta a a o o e t o l a vea i es oas oa m g id , l d , , i , f h lp , , , f ’ u t s in a us a u s a a em o o s a u u e g il , , g l , l h rrh id , f p u t t o b e s a a h en moa ma tu a g il y , , l , , ’ ’ u s wa ow t o o o e e i inei g lp , ll , , f l h r un s ma a rm a na e e a nd t e e l ea mea ma l ea g ( ll ) , f h r h r , i us out flow out t o u na mea g h , , , p ’ es ta te n e to a a t u a . h i , li g r , , f i ' ’ “ e on ea t o a a lilo na na H hid , c c l , , j , , l afi ’ a e ta t on a o to u o t ma ua lu a h il (p r cipi i ) high , l f y, g ’ a l a u ul u u lu u lu i w en e e n to God or h ir , , f f h gh ( h r f rri g ,

a n . va elu a a l emu a e s s h lf ( g chi f) , ili ili

a a d . oa a l a h lf ( j highr d , ’ ’ ’ m oun a e a ma u u e a o hill , d , g , p p h a m a a a i va e n e t o va va u , l g hi d r , , ’ a mm e s a ma a n a n e a a la vel a ve h r l hi dr c , f ’ a n limo a o a a o ie hi a u n s uila a la a h d , (ch f p , h ch , p p wo h it s t u t o b e l a vea rd) , r ck , , ’ ’ a n t ta uma ta u oa s e to b e u s ta u o ol o h d (righ ) , h r , , h ky, a n e t ta ua a va le o a oo t o ta uma ma o h d (l f ) , g h ld l f, , a n i a t t a e a iva o a s t t o ta o h d cr f , r d , f h ld f , , fi ’ a n e of a t oo d u o on t o ta o h dl ( l , h ld , , fi a n l e t o 03 0 a tu o e l ua u tu h d , , h l , ’ a n t o ta uta u o ow u a a 66 h g , , h ll p , f ’ ’ ’ a n u to a ota uta u ome nu u m ome 0 Port h g p , , f h , ; y h , ’ ’ a en t o o o nu u is Mr . A . a t ome h pp , , h ’ 9 a nes s ma nu a o o i a i lo a l A . . h ppi , i p ii ’ a ma nu a one me h pp y, i h y , li ’ a ou o t a va ta u a a onou ma ma u h rb r , p r , l g h r l ’ ’ a in s u sta n e ma a a ono u t o a va h rd ( b c ) , h r , , a ves t cr0 s e e a te s a to onou e e s e te o a a h r , p l i h r d , r p c d , g f ’ ’ a ves t to s e e a ta ma a li i ma ma lu h r , , l , ’ ’ ’ a s ten to a a va ve a a ta a lzs e oo a ti iva e h , , f , f h f g ’ hook f a a ma u ’ h 0 e e e t to a a moemoe p , xp c , , f ’ ’ a t ed ino ai ta a o z on ta a ta a a h r , , f g i h ri , f f i l gi

e a 11 . u lu o n n o h d ( h r , if ’ ea e a u u e a o s e s olo a nua h p , pil f p g h r , f ’ h ea t o a a l o o a oua os ta e ta lima ld r , , f g , l g h pi bl , ’ a a o o a e -wo h ot vevela f f f g (chi f rd) , ea t h ot wea t e vevel a ou o f th e d a tula o r itu os o h , h r , h r y , i , ea ven a ou o f th e n t itu d o u h , l gi h r igh , p f r " '

a ma a m itu o e a n ne .m . , ea v m a . . h y , f , p f ; i p ‘ heel muliva e i tup b e iva ’ e ten to a a ma ua l u a ous e a te h igh , , f g h f ei au ous e of a ie moota h r , li h ( ch f) , ENGLISH - SAMOAN 111

’ ’ hou s e of a n maota o la tu u ns ul t to a a lea a a a masi as i ( ki g ) , p i , , f g , f , ’ ou s e for s t a n e s a te a a ote h ( r g r ) , f p p ntend m e a n to ‘ a , , , ma na tu , ma l gi g i ou s e u t of woo a l e 3 a h (b il d) , f l a u a a ntent on ma na tu p p i i , ’ ous e S a moa n na t ve a te nte a e tw s t t o olo a toa h ( i ) , f i rl c , i , , f ’ S a moa nte ete a a ma ta l a u u i rp r r , f p ’ ‘ ow t o u i o u b nte va a e va h l , , , i r l , Sp c , ’ ' u ma n e n ta a ta ntes t nes a a u t6tb a h b i g , g i i , g , g ’ ’ um e owe t o a a ma ulolo nv te t o ta a h bl , l r, , f i i , , l i ’ ’ u m - a e o te tu a i o ron ua mea h p b ck d , p i , ’ ’ un a a i s a n nu u m otu h gry fi i l d , ’ un to b e a a l a ina h gry , , f unt a s e t o tu ma nu h , ch , , li J unt n tuli a ma nu h i g , g ’ ’ u a ne a d a a te u u h rric , f j il , f p ip i ’ ’ u t o a a va ve a a ta a lis e a nu a P a nna li h rry , , f , f J ry , u t ones e to a u a u ea ou s ud h r lf , , g g j l y , f u s a n ta ne ew uta h b d j , j h ut a i ta a o n a n one t o i t , p g j i ( y ) , , p o ne ma ta is a u j i r , o nt of m ond im I j i ( li b) , p ou ne ma a a s a va j r y l g , li ’ I ou o ou to o ea s u e a ia olioli , , , j y , pl r , fi f , ’ ’ e a z a e o ou s a a a lo totel e idl , l y , p i j y , gl d , f ’ - e a noo e ul uva l e u e a a ma s ino ill br d , f l , j dg f m e e va ea u u a i b cil l J ly , J l i ’ ' m ta te to a a ei une J um i i , , f p J , ’ ’ ’ ’ m ta t on a a ei o ua ou a us t t eous a miotonu t onu i i i f p , f j , righ , , mme a te loa us t a s even a s tus a a va i di ly, j , , , l mm o es t l é ma ta mul i us t e a miotonu i d , j ic , ’ ’ m os e to a a ee us t v n a te to ta ua m o i p , , f j ify, i dic , , i in totonu tonu , i , i in u e to oa cl d , , il ’ indi a te to ta u a tu mo c , , , li ’ ' K n m t ma i i fir i y , nfla mma tion o f the e es a na a na t ve f i y , k k ( i o one or other ogotea of the S outh S ea group s o f s u n e t to , l s a n s ta a ta S a moa ta a ta i h ri , i i l d ) , g , g itus i ink va F t etc . i i , ’ ’ n a n z uta a va na t ve n a va i l d k ( i dri k) , ’ inno ent s a o a va - ow td noa c , k b l , ’ nnume a e l é ma a ita ulza ee eta n to ta us i r bl , f k p , r i , , i ’ t a t ina s e a in o e , ee fo r s omet n ut to rd r h i k p hi g , p by, , ’ n ui s u e a a ve ma i q ry , g ns e w t n 71 totonu e ne s ee a ls o nte i id , i hi , k r l , d ( i rna l orga ns ’ ’ nst u t to a oa o of o a tu i r c , , b dy) , f ns t u tion ma ta u u k e k i nt o u e w i r c , p y , (i r d c d ord) ’ ns ul t u ulea a ne etu a o i p g kid y , f g 112 VOCABULARY

’ i t o a s t as ioti ea n t o a o moi k ll , , f , f l r , , ’ ’ n a d a a l el ez ea t e a u ki d ( j g l h r, p ’ ’ ’ ’ n e t o a a mu tutu ea ve es e t t o tu u a a te a ki dl , , f , l , d r , , , f ’ n tu u e e nt s uitu u tu ul a oa i tia ki g , p r g , p f , i ’ n om mo d ea ve a a n on t o te a ki gd , l l , b d , , s s t o s o ea ve t a t l et t a t a one I s of a ! ki , , gi l h h l , t en tu noa a to u mu ee ta va u ki ch , , p i , l ch , ’ t en - a n e o d umu e t on th e t o th e ta ua aval e ki ch r g , g l f , , , g nea t o a u l e va e k d , , p l g , nee tu va e e s a t ve a s s em ono k , li l gi l i bly, f ’ ' n e na i e t m a te mom moi k if fi l gi i , , ’ ’ no a t t o tu itu i em on t o o k ck , , l , ip l k not ona en t o nono no p l d , , . now h e a ua nte w t to en t umi mea s u e ment k , cq i d i h , , l g h , ( r ) ’ loa en t en t o a o ua loa i l g h , , f f ’ n ow b e a wa e of to oa e s t a ua k , r , , il l , ’ ’ ’ k now e e oa e e l et o t o te a te a es e l dg , il l l i g , , , ette tus l r , i ’ ette o f th e a a et ma ta itus i l r lph b , L ’ ’ e a te e e t o a a s a oloto lib r , fr , , f ’ ’ a o ous toa a l a t o eto eto l b ri , g lick , p , , ’ ’ a e a l a a o e ca lie b e s tu a te to ta oto l a otto l dd r, f p j , i d , , , a e - o e a e a lie t e a l ie t o e eto l dd r r p , p j i , ll , , p p ’ a m ta ma md moe lie own e ne to ta oto l b , i d , r cli , , ’ a me a d su a va e z o e ola l ( j p , p lif , a m ent wee for to ta u a ita i e es s na n ma te a s e l , p , , f g lif l , i i , g l a m molt et me ol a a , lif i , g ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ l ncp nu u e e e e com t t o s it o e o e a ; l l ( lif , , , p p ’ ’ muna l a n a nua ece of t u to a a a e l d) f ( pi lif p , , f a n t to a mama l d) ligh ( c rry) , ’ a n e oldtua t to a a ma l , ligh , , j a n ua e ta uta l a a a na l t a fi re to to u te a l g g , , g g igh , , f fi a nte n ldme a t ma la ma la ma l r , p ligh a te tua i tn n u l a l , ligh i g , i ’ in th e d a u a o e e ua tus a ma l a te y , p lik , q l ’ a u to a ta ta is o l e b e on of to ma na o l gh , , , p ik , f d , , ’ a u a t t o to is a a ota uemu me a l n . nomu a nis ina l gh , , p , f li , ch k ( , p ’ a u te a ta a m to s etus etu l gh r , g li p , , ] l a tu l a ono ne ro e a a w , f li ( p ) , g f ’ l own ut own t o nen - oo s te Vno a y d , p d , , li g d , i ’ ‘ o l i l a u u tu f a a ta ot p , g ’ ‘ l a e s to ta u tu u ua tt e , s m a , tu l la itiiti y gg , , f li l ll i i ’ a s te t o o a ta u na tt e few toa itiiti l a y w , , f f li l , , ’ a z a a titi a ve es e to no o mau l y , f p li , r id , , f , ’ ’ ea on u t t o a le , ta ta i ve , ex s t , t o , ol a l d , c d c , , p i li i ’ ea a st a to a a s es e ve nte n a o a n a te l d r y , , f li r (i r l rg ) , n a ve s oi u a ea l ei l au v g , , f l f, , li i li ’ a i a z a mo o t lea gu e feog g li rd , , p i i u en ea u to os o oa , amo a ve a l p p , , l d b rd , g

114 VOCABULARY

’ ’ mi olo a te olo ll , , f ’ ’ m s t one ma a ol o ill , m n s ou l oto na oo i d , , l il f m n s te o f s t a te a ll z u e na e l é l a val a va tel e ua te i i r , p l k d , , f , m e m u d a a a a u ti a ir , , p l p l fi m s e ua ua a na m e oa i ry , p p g ig ’ m s s o na a i e a u na m e m ent on to oa i i ry , f f , i , , ig m s s th e m a to s es e na e o f th e ne u a i rk , , p ck , m s t fo a us a u te u a o na a t ve s to ta a ta l a noa a i , g , , p , p rr i , ry , l , g m s ta e a u t mea e ond na ow s m va a a i k , f l , p rr , li , p i p i ’ mis ta en t o b e e rr é t n na t on nu u k , , , f ( hi k) i , ' ’ s es e es ea i na t ve of S a moa ta a ta , f i ( ) g mi x en to a u S a moa , bl d , , p l m ob a e va o ta a ta nea os e l a ta l a ta , r bbl , g r , cl , m o e e to touemu ne a a m os t ia i ck , d rid , , rly , l , m o e s t m a ta mu li ne e s s ta te to a o d d , c i , , g ’ m o es t to a a toes a ne u a l , , f ck , ’ ’ m om ent emo o le ma ta ne - a n u l a , , ck ch i , ma ta eemo nee ne e s s t ua u a a d , c i y, p p g Mon a A s o a ua nee e ou ntl a d y , g f dl , , ’ ’ m one tu e ne e nt a i é a a titi a y , p glig , p , f p ’ m ont mds i na ne ou o te tu aoi h , ighb r , ’ m oon ma r na m ne ou o le ma te i y ighb r, ' o n new mds ina ou tu a oz m o , , f ’ m o n n ta ea o th ne ou o le l ua l s r i g , y ighb r, ’ m o n n -s t a etil ao tu a m r i g r , f ’ ’ m os u t o na mu his ne ou o le l a te tu am q i , ighb r , ’ m os u t o —n et td inam u ou r ne b o u o le matou te q i , igh r, m ot e th a t tu a oi h r , ’ ’ m ou nta n m ounta n a n e ou ne ou o l e ou tou i i r g , y r ighb r , ’ m a uga te tu a m ’ ’ m ou s e imoa t e ne ou o te ldtou te , h ir ighb r, m o ut utu o o a i e tua oi h , g j j g (ch f ’ ’ wo ne ou oo l a u el e ele rd) ighb rh d , move s t t o a oioi nes t o a a , ir , , g , f g m ove s t e to b e 6 m te net u e u d , irr d , , p g ’ loto network f a a ma ta up ega ' m ow t o s e e l e s d ito ne ve t e es s a e a t a va i lea , , l r h l , l ’ m u d t tn oa new ou , dir , , f m u t tu e o f eo e motu ne t a ta l i d ( p pl ) , x , li ta a ta ni t o g gh , p ’ m u e ds i a n ts t o u moe rd r f g igh hir , f m u e t o as i oti n t -wa t a l a l a a a rd r , , f igh ch f g m u e e as ioti n ne i va rd r r , f i , m us e a no a s e no o e lea i s e ta s i cl , g b dy, m us a ns t u m ent l ou es e no d m a e a s n to eno eno ic l i r , p , k ig , , g g m u s t s ee ob ed a nd in no e s a d lig , is p i ’ ’ S nta o n th e Futu e Tens e noos e s na e a a ma u a a l a ve y x r , r , f f m s te tu ua no t ma m y ry , p r h , E N GLISH- SAMOAN 115

nos e is u o d is u o r na te to tu u a l a , , p g igi , , p , not a ve t o to ito i rna ment ne teu teu a ch , c r , , g g O , fi ry, , g note m a to l oa o a n md tuo oti , rk, , i rph ’ not a nnou n e t o to u a tu o a n mdtuooti ify, c , , rph ’ ’ not et le i ot e o 16 ta s i y , h r , ’ n ou s t o ta us o a Ou t es e ri h , , i , f g , ’ nou s ment oo mea e a i o ut o f o o s a o ri h , f d , d r , i f f N ovem e N ovema o uts e tu a b r, id , i now a t es ent nei o uts e on t h e Pi o o , p r , id , , f f ’ ’ nu m e a o a i a foo o ve oa t o u tele b r f , f i rc , f nu m e ou nt t o a l ou o ve o m e to mo numa lo b r, c , , f i rc , , " ’ nun td u ou s o o ve t ow t o a a tito ul i , p r hr , , f , f ’ nu s e o te ta us ta ma o we to t s is ex r r i , ; hi p es s ed b y ’ ’ ’ nu s e a tten t o t o ta us o i a i o lo u s eleni e s e u u r , d , , i j l , w t hich li era lly m e a ns there a r e t o him m y s hillings t en h e owes me t en s hillings o a t touto o owl u u h , g , l l o a t t o on m ta uto o x ul umota u u l h , c fir by, , p b l a nd a ' ” o e ent va o o é cow b di , g fi )

e t o s ee o low . Ob y, , f l o e o e t o b e m us t blig d , f rc d , ( ) , P ta ta u ( s ee S ynta x on Futu re Tens e a t ea monoo ) p ck hr d , o s e ve wa t t o l eoleo a ma a in t a t o ee b r , ch , , , l p ig ; f l bo dil y a ma ai n t o t o e l l p , ig f e menta l ' o st na te s tu orn ouvol e a n atu b i , bb , f p i , o e a n moa na s a us ou a w t to va c , , p , , li ’ O to e Ok eto a a a e i e s ous e moo c b r , p p l c ( ch f h ) , ta ’ off a wa es e a m of th e a n ol o li , y, p l h d , fi ma ’ o fen e a ta nana a nts a we s o u voe f c , , i p , dr r , f o e n ta u a a a e a l a u e a e m ff ri g l g p p r ( ) , p p , p r ’ o ffi a to o te mold a on to a a ma a l o a l o ci l fi p rd , , f g , f a ’ o t en e u ent s o o a rents u a mdtua f , fr q ly, p ( pl r l) , ’ ’ oil s ud u u o u a t t o i to a a o , p r f , f g ’ o ntm ent s u a u u ma no i a s s a wa va n s t o md i , g p y, i h , , va e ol d m a tu a tuo evo a s s t o a l u one ma , , i , l p by , , , liu one on on a ni a ni a s s th e n t to a i i , p igh , , p ‘ ’ ’ en t o oo a n a tc t o a omos o e Op , ( b k , h d , p h , , j ’ a a ma ol a a te a tele f f P r , p o e n t o oo toto o a t a l a p , (d r, l , p h , ’ o a a va noo a tu a t o ve m ounta ns a l a f p h ( r i ) , sop o ’ e n a ounou a t en e t o a ve a o Op p i c , h , f p a l ep a l e ’ ’ o o s ite e ea a i moi a t ent a d onos o i pp , f g p i ( j es s on e s e ut on s a ua o a t on u tu a a Oppr i , p r c i , g p r , f g ’ o ra n e moli o ina a t o toto i ta u g , p y , , g , o r er omma n to a le a oui a m ent toto i d , c d , , p , p y , g ’ t o o r e s om et n not to b e ea e ilemu s o ota a d r hi g p c , f , g one t o ou nte ma n va voe ea enina d , c r d , p rl , p 116 VOCABULARY

’ en en oem u u o a ta o o p p i p , p , f t en eneta l a oet otu es e p cil , p p , f p ’ ’ en ns u a mu nu u t e e is o nt out t o a a ilo a p i l r , li ( h r p i , , f g ’ e e to a o s one s o na m d clos A pi ) . p i on ona ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ eo e o ta a ta o o u nu u o s on t o a a ond p pl g , , p i , , f ’ e e ve t o oa o s one ona p rc i , , il p i d ” ' e o m e tu u a oto o s onous ona p rf r r , f g p p i , e u m e s ous ou o e ons ta e leol eo p rf , p lic c bl , ’ e a s a tonu o s s oes to a a u u l a p rh p , p li h h , , f p p ’ ’ e m t t o tu u s e evoe p r i , , ’ e s eve e t o tuma u o te ou teou s mi a o p r r , , p li , c r , g e s s t to tuma u ta u a nou on voil e a p r i , , , p d , p os o e s a e oto oo a a a a phil ph r , g , p p l p l p l oto a ot o a u os s es s to to ph gr ph , ph gr phy , p p , , fi ’ ea ta os t for en e ou p ( f c , p ’ s a n oma i ot a n a n phy ici , f p , p , p i a t e u t to to ou n a una pick , g h r ( fr i ) , , li p d p ’ a u a e t o a m s a ou o ut to s a s a a lili i pick q rr l , , fi i p r , , , g ’ ’ u t o u e s ii a va e o we u e mono mdlosi pick p , , f , , p r, p l , , ’ tu e ma e a a to a ta a s e vii a pic r , i g , f g pr i g e e m o s e t o as a s e to vii pi c , r l , fi , f i p r i , , ’ i ua a a to toto o p g , p pr y, , l eon u e a e ta l os a a pig , l p p r y r , g ’ a e u n e to vel e ea to tal a ol a ol o pill g , pl d r , , p r ch , , i , f f ’ a outii ea e a e a u pill r , p p r ch r, f if ’ ’ ow o u a e ou s s tone tu n a ma a pill l g pr ci , g in ne e ce a o m oa no p p i pr cipi , f f , ’ n e s i o e na nt td pi c r , fi p r g , ’ n to ini e a e oo to s a un pi ch , , p r p r (f d , , i ne -a e a a e a e s a un us i e e n pi ppl , f l pr p r d , i (r f rri g utu a o a a to a va pip e f g , p ip k ) ou s a a ma lii e a e for t o s a un pi , g pr p r , , i it t u tu l u a es e ve e e t o ta us p , di ch , , p r r , k p , , i ’ ’ a e ut to a a td tu ua i es s s u eez e to lom p l c , p , , f , p r , q , , i a e mea es u m e s u m s e to mos al o pl c p r , r i , , ’ a ue vex to ta u a a lili ett ma na a mata l el ei pl g , , , f pr y, i , ’ a n a nua l a u a tas i event t o liu es e d lui to pl i f g p r , , , f ( a nt to to o e a t n not to b e one p l , , rd r hi g d , ’ ’ a te s i u a i a a l a vel a ve pl , di h , p f ) ’ a t o ta a lo evi ou s a na mua mua pl y , p r ly, , i ea s a nt ma lié ia a e os t ta u pl , f fi p ric , c ’ ’ ea s e ou ea s e a a ri to tu i p l if y pl , f p ck , , ’ lemol e t s ea s es m e e a a ma uol u o mo hi pl , prid f g ’ e e l e mea l ea lo u ma na tu es t a ita u l a a e l l i i p ri , f g t s s ea s es m e e ea a Ie nt to om hi di pl , l g p ri , , l i ’ ’ ’ ea l ea lo u m a na tu s on a e u u m i p ri , f l p ip i u s uotosina s one ta ata ota ua pl o gh p ri r , g ’ et to a o e t os s es s on to oloo p ock g pr p r y, p i , fi , t - a e r e s o os olo taua ma pocke h ndk chi f, l

118 VOCABULARY

etu n ome a k to oi moi r r , c b c , , f e wa a ment toto i ta u r rd , p y , g , i ’ “ r e a s a s a e ol a a s o ic , l i cr d , h y , p i , ’ ’ ri wea t ma u oa s a d a a no anoa ch , l hy , , f ’ ’ es wea t o oa o o s a e no oa rich , l h , l , ddl f e m s te tu ua s a It? riddl , y ry p il ’ ’ e t o t et e to s olo a nu o s a to a il d rid , , i i i f il , , f ’ ’ u e a io a s a o a uva o ridic l f g il r , ’ t e a t s o o tonu s a mon s o moni righ , x c , , l , t u s t tonu s a t mos ima righ , j , l ' t on th e i t a n itu s a ut a t o n eet n : tol o a ! righ , r gh h d , l i , gr i g f ta uma tu a to a l o a a nd o es on s t o f , c rr p d ’ in a e t o ta il o i a a o u r Go o -d a ! to d to d ina r g b ll , , g g , f d y f , f , ’ n n e ma ma s oi uo oo - b e ! u a ma u ri g (fi g r) , f , g d y li n -wo m a a m a l we ome ! ri g r , l f i lc i e m a tu e old s a n oneone r p , r , d , ’ s e o f th e s u n t o 03 0 s a t a te ma ona ri ( ) , , i d , ’ ’ s e to tu a ta a la s a t s e m a ona ri , , l i , i fi d , ’ ’ s e ea t o us u S a tu a A s oto ono i ri rly, , rd y, ’ ve s t ea m va ita e s a uce a n cook n - ot u l o ri r , r , f p , i g p , ’ ’ ’ vul et oo a a s a ve es u e to a a ol a a a s o o ri , br k , li , r c , , f , f ’ oa a t a l a a u a a s a w to il i r d , p h , , l , , ’ ' oa e ow to a n ma s ta s a w- fis h s a o a r r , b ll , ( i l ) , gi , l oa s t to a ai s a te to u u eta l a i a ima i r , , f l y , ll , , p , f , f , r ob e ve to oo vete , d pri , , f , ’ ’ ’ o e o le a a mea s a a u a u r bb r, f c b , p p o a a a s a ili a n oa r ck , cr g , p p c r g ’ o u to dld s a tte to o a toa eo e ta u a r ll p , , j c r, , f p p , l oo u i olea l u a oa i r f, j , f g f oom in a ous e o ea e s o a 3 00 r ( h ) , f f , ch l r , ’ ’ p otu s chool f a le f o a a oga ’ oom s a e mea s s s o s s ele u l u r , p c , ci r , ’ oot a o o a s co f a t t o o a ta uemu r , p g i f , , f ’ rot u t e t o ol o s o to Ote , p r fy, , p c ld , , ’ otten ut a i e s out ta a ta o a a r , p rid , p c g g g ’ ro w a b o a t to fi o toua l o s a t to e a u va u ( , , l , , cr ch , , f l , l ’ l a u u o s een s a e a oma l u p l cr , h d f ’ r ub t o olo m s u to l u u o oto l o l o , , , ili c lp r, j g p gi gi ’ u e oe ma a r dd r , f ru e i s - o wn s u s a e una ddy, r dd h br , c rf , c l , u e - e u luvole r d , ill br d , u n e a va tion m a l a a r i , d p r , i ’ ’ u n emo s to a a ta u na s ea m s ew n s u i a r i , d li h , , f f ( i g) , g ’ u e ove n to a l e a li i ta i s ea fo r wo o for fi re t o r l , g r , , p , rch d ( ) , , u n e r , to , mamoe s eus u r un a wa es e t to s o o s ea wa ta i y, d r , , l rd , i ’ r un o ut o f u s to mas o o s e et ilo emu ( fl id ) , , cr l , l ’ run t o a nd fro to eoa i s e et mea o , , f cr lil ’ us e e va o u l a ul a s ee oh oo I a a uta r h , r d , , l k , f E N GLISH - SAMOAN 119

’ s ee to loa ma ta ma ta voa s oe s e eva e , , i , , i h , s e e ea to tio ul a too s oot fi r e t o ono cl rly, , , p h , , , f s ee a n s a to s oot off to a na a na d , gr i , i h , , f f ’ ’

s ee to s a s o 11 . a le o oa a l e ou k , , ili h p ( f l , f ’ ’ s eet e o t o una s o t e u a u a h , b il , , p h r , bri f, p p ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ s e z e t o u e u e s o t en t o a a u u u u i , , p p h r , , f p p ’ ’ s e to a a ta u a tu s ou e u a ta u ou ll , , f h ld r , ’ s en to ou ou n o e o u s ove s uo d , , , i , f h l ’ ’ ’ s en for to a mi eou s ow to a a ol i o a iloo a a s no d , , , f h , , f , f , f i s e a a te t o a ei o s owe a s u en own ou p r , , l f h r ( dd d p r) , ’ a mas es e u ag a S e tem e S etemo s e to m a p b r , hri k , , ’ s e m on tol a i a l d u o s u t t o m a na tu u u ni r , g , g h , , , p p s e v a nt tov n s to b e as e a s e e r , i i ick , ill , , g g (chi f ’ s e ve a tt en to a u a u na ta vini wo r , d , , , rd ’ s e v ette s ol utu s a d ma r i , og ick , ill ( j i ’ ’ ’ ’ s et a ce to t et e tu u s ne s s m a , pl , , i i , ick , i ’ ' s et u t o d a tu s e 11 i tu a s oos o p , , f id ( , s ett e own e sta s ones e s en e m a lii l d , bli h lf, il c , ’ s ent t o b e a a lolo o il , , f g ’ s ew to s u i s s m e va e volea , , illy , i pl , l , s ex tu u l a a itiid i a a a s ve o o , p g , g , g f il r ri e -wo s m a to e tus a (chi f rd) i il r , lik , s a e s a o w a to ao o s in a as a l a h d , h d , p l g ’ s a e t o a a ma l u s n e ta a h d , , f i c , l ’ s a t ou s n e e m oni h f , i c r , s a e o t to 112112 s new ten on u a h k , j l , , i , d , s a e tos s t o l uelue s i n t o es e h k , , , g , , p s a me s a e uma s n n s on es e h , di gr c l i gi g , g , p s a m e w a t a is a s n t o oto h h , i k , , g ’ s a m e e s s m a ta tu sis te a ot e tu a ne h l , i r (Of br h r) , f afi s a e v e t o to to i l u a s s te o f a s s te us e h r , di id , , fi j , f i r ( i r) , ’ ’ s a m a lié s it t o no o ti et e h rk, , , j , i ’ s a een ma o i s m to d no h rp , k , ki , , f “ ’

s a ve to s e e ma ma s n e n . a u h , , l ki , hid ( p s ea m ow t o s e e s n oute iliol o h r , , , l ki , r , ’ ’ ’ s ea t s a a a a moe a s a nd e to a a u ulea a ta u a h h , c bb rd , f g l r , , f p g , s e a n a e s a to h d , b r , f l i ’ s ee mdmoe s a t e w t n ma a tus i h p , l ( ri i g) , ’ ’ s eet b ed ie moe s a te - en ene ma a h , l p cil , p s e et -m eta a a momea s a u t e t o ds i h l , p l gh r , , f s e ois ua u e s a ve ol o a h ll f , p l l , p g s e e l eol eo s a t o i h ph rd l y , , d s hi e ta ta ta l i u u ni s ee t o ma c ld li , p p l p , , s l n s elen s ee t o u to s ee l u l l hil i g , i l p , l ll , ’ s ne to a a mol a mol a mo s e e a moe hi , , f l p y , fi ’ ’ s va a s ew a o ut wa ve to ta a vi l i hip l b , r , , ’ ’ s s a nte n ta etuli s o e i o oi hip l r , l p , f ’ s i t o u t no s me s ent ma no i h r , f i ll , c g 120 VOCABULARY

s me to s o is o i te ul u l a va l e ll , , g g Spi f , s me l to lo t out t o ea nu l Of, , p ip i Spi , , f s m e l s t on t o el o S tt e ea nu a l r gly, , pi l , f g s me t ore t o tu nu s en ou om ma ta o é l ( ) , , pl d r , p p , g fi s mo e va ou os u o to lea a k , p r , Sp il , , g ' s moot i on to oul s o e sta ine ol o h , r , , i p il d , d , p s mooth ( a dj l a m olemole s p ong e amomi s na e a ta s oon u nu k , g p , p ' s nee z e to mci a tua s ot s ta n il o , , f p , i ‘ s no e to ta ul u otte sta ne o o r , , g Sp d , i d , il il s o t a a mol ii mo d va va S s oo t a ta a ta f , g , l , i i p rig , h , f f ’ s o ea t ome a S n to os o ti il , r h , p ri g , , , fi s o e to ta ta a ta ta u s n wa te una va i ldi r , fi fi , g pri g Of r , p ’ s o e a u ta a ta a a a ldi ry, g g g s o e th e oot a lo voe s u mt to ma ta s es e a l (Of f ) , fi q , , p s ome a few na i s u t to s ous ou , , q ir , , ' s omet n s na s ta e a too hi g , i bl l ’ ’ s on es e s t a to oto o g , p ff s oon na ne s ta a o , i g , il s oon a te nonei sta e to u u f r, gg r, , l l s oone a na ma a s ta i a se a l a a a e a i r , rc , f p f ta mme s o ow a e 11 . s o olo s to nonu rr , c r ( p r , , ’ s ou a a a otomo s ta n t o til l , g g , i d , , ’ s oun ea t mdldld s ta n a o ut to a a ta a mil o d , h l hy, d b , , f s oun l o l o a d s ta nd to es oa s ooni d gi gi , p by, , f s oun th e t um et t o u s ta eta d r p , , ili p r f s ou s u o ia s a o s ta -mea mas od p , p , p rch l , ’ ’ sour o ona s ta n u a , rli g , f i ’ s out itu i to a s a ute s ta va t on o e h , g , r i , g s a e oom mea s ta tu e tu ua p c , r , p ’ s a e s a ve to a lo a s ta s o ou n to a a tua i p r , , , f y, j r , , f s ea ta to u u oi a tu s ta a a v s t to o i p k , lk, , p , f , y, p y i i , , p st ea e to oo l , pilf r , , g i s ea to a n one to oi moi a i s tea m os u p k y , , f , f a l u eta l a i ta a tu lie e s tea m - o a t s et mo s tea me , f , l (chi f b , i ( r wo st ee to to u rd) p , , f ’ ’ s e a a a n u a e to ta uta l a s t to oto o p k l g g , , ick d o ou e a n s e e te s t s ent il é mzl y Sp k E gli h p ill , il , f ’ ’ iloa ta uta l a o o eletoni a s t mu a te t o a a os oos o f p i l , , f ’ s ea ta o s t n t o tu i p r i g , , S e t e a a tion a tu s t mix to al u p c r , pp ri , i ir, , , p ’ s ee o a t on u u ta a eta s t u n te a onunununu p ch , r i , p , l , f ir p , i ci , f l oi a s to n totini g cki g , ' s e a o a leveleve s tom a mcina va a u pid r , p g ch , p l , ’ ’ t o a a ma li i uta to a a i a n ma s Spill , , f g p g (Of i l ) ’ S n to m lo s tom a -a e o le ti d o l e pi , , i ch ch , g ’ s t os t a a a a ta ma i md na vo piri , gh , g g , ’ ’ S tu ous u o a va a ol a i s tone mo a a tu u t piri liq r, p p g f (fr i S it to ea nu s one p , , f t )

122 VOCABULAR Y

’ t i o n ouo a s a n a o towe ia s olo h gh , l i , g ; h k , g l , ’ w e to we r olo ’ ’ ’ t n ea n a oa o e e t own ua i a i hi , l , l j , p , , t n mea t a e a t e to a iva to a hi g , r d , b r r, , f , fig , ’ t n t o m a na tu a w a a l a u hi k , , f ( hich f h a s a e m ea n n in th e t a e a n a va lik i g r d , c lli g j i ’ ’ na t ve m n to b e m s t a en t a e e a e a a ta u o a i i d) , i k r d r , d l r , f t s t t o b e a inu t a m e own to s o hir y , , fi r pl d , , li t is ene t a ns es s to s o o h , l i r gr , , p ’ t s t e lo ou tolota l a t a ns a e nt md l am a l a ma hi l , r p r , ’ ’ ’ t o n l o ou tu tu t a s na e ma ilei h r , , i i r p , r t o u t ea m ona l u t a ve to s a va a lu 16 ma a a h gh , id , r l , , li , i l g t ous a n o e t ea s te t o s o h d , f r d , p , , li ’ ’ t ea lo t ea s u e s to e oa oloa hr d fi r r , r , ’ ’ t ea ten t o o os a i t ee a a u hr , , f r , l ’ ’ t res o l o a u o a l eva t em e s ve to a tete h h ld , f r bl , hi r , , g ’ t oa t a n a o t e s a s s n s olitu l a ono hr , l ry x , f i r p ( , ) f ’ ’ t one no od lii t a e a m na t on s u es u e a hr , f ri l , x i i , g t ou e t i ute l a o a hr gh , by, r b , f g t ow a s t to ta a o t a t e to a ti hr , c , , gi , l f rick , r ific , g fi t ow a wa t o a o t mm n we t o f s oe ta a hr y , , l f ri i g , l ( h ) , i ’ t ow own to tu uil olo t n et ewe e teu hr d , , ri k , j ll ry , ’ t u m imo matu a t ou s e s o u vac h b , l r r , f t u n e oititil i t u e enu ine mon moi h d r , f r , g , i , T u s a A o u m e e e s o n s ot t t a . S u d h r d y , fi r p , p ’ ’ ’ ' tie t o nonoa us i t u t a a mom a a ma om , , , f r h , f , f ’ t t te ns e s a o t r e e t t o ta uma a i igh , , y , x r , , f ’ ’ t e ma a ome a tu b wa te tu a a il , brick , r l g ‘ t me itu lo tu e e ma a i b , pip , g t m e w a t is th e t me e e Tu es a A s olua i h i p d y , o l e va i os o or e e a l e t um ou s we n a tu fi , p fi r , lli g , p ' ’ ' ’ 9 e t a m i i tu Id o r o u a tri le a . tu n on a a t o ta l , p fi r ( l h ) , , ’ t m e to a o int a tu u o t u n a o ut t o li u i , pp , p r b , , ’ t e a n u l a iloo t u n a s e t o a a s a a ir d , l g id , r id , , f g ’ ’ ’ t o a s fa r a s s e a e o o t u n a wa t u n ou t t o tu es c , , i , r y , r , , li ’ to a c o ta o o t u n th e a to u tu a b c , p r b ck , , li to -d a os a nc onoleild t u n ones e in b ed t o y , i , r lf ( , , ’ t oe toma ivoe ’ to et e a a ta s i mo tu n o ve to liu g h r, f r r , , t o -mo ow te ta ea o t u n oun nve t to toe oi a tu rr , i r r d , i r , , f to -mo ow m o n n voea o t u t e l a umei rr r i g , r l , ’ t oo t a e a va tw ne t ea a a ma noa l (Of r d ) , j i i , hr d , f , toot n o tw ns ma s a a h , if i , g ’ ’ to s u mm t tumu tumu tw s t a t t o ll a a z o p , i , i , pl i , , fi , f p ’ to s u u t us m a i vevel a toto ve a rch , l yph , , l ’ ' to m ent t o o oti o r , , f g ’ U t or to s e -s e o te u o lo a o me i h ll , g l i ’ tou to o i a a a tu ta o u e s us u ch , , p , p p , g dd r, ’ towa s a a ins t e o o moi u mota ua o rd , g , l g gly, p ENGLISH - SAMOAN 123 u n ea n l ea a in th e m oon t t o , g wal g , , cl k ' li h ’ ' u n oo e a a level a evacva a le ma s na c k d , f g i i ‘

u n e ot n miti a u wa a t t on ci . T e e a re d rcl hi g , f ll , p r i i , p h r u n e s ta n t o loa ma l a ma a ma no e m a nent wa s in S a m oa n d r d , , i , l p r ll ’ ’ u n e s t a n n u m ent a a u na tive ou s es m a ts o o a d r di g , j dg , f h , ( p l ) ' ’ ta a ta fai a i being hu ng U p where neces s a ry u n a t ul e elo t o s e ve th e u os e f i hf , p p r p rp ’ ” u n a te u a a va l e wa l e e a u d a gr f l , g l , h dg , p , p ‘ ' u n ntentiona a a uas m wa n e t e a nd t t e to i lly , f f d r hi h r hi h r , , ‘ u n te to a a ta s i a l u a l u ea a i i , , f , f u n e moto wa n e a bo ut ea a noma i rip , d r , l d d c u nt e t o ta l a a l e t o ma u ma us ol o i , , l if , , ’ u u wa s a e wa nt e en a u noa p , p rd , , d fici cy , ’ ' ’ u t e e t a a tuzii wa nt a to m a tina a unba p righ , r c , f , l ck , , , ’ ' u oa ouva l e ta a l z l i va l e wa r ta ua ta u p r r , f , , ’ u s et o ve rt ow t o ta u e wa m t o l a il a i p , hr , , f r , , g g ’ ’ u s e t o md s a m a a wa m vevel a , , , f r u s e u o ta e ao d wa mt vevel a f l , pr fi bl , g r h , wa n a ut on t o a oa o r . c i , , p p wa o ta ta ta a ta ta u V rri r, fi fi , g “ wa r-s ma nna !) ma n -of hip , ( va n u t es s a i u a wa r i , fr i l , f f ’ va e va nu a a one t o u wa t s a a lo ll y, li ( hr gh r , il il w a v e ows wa s te s ua n e to mau ma u hich ri r fl ) , q d r , , , ’ ’ ’ va u e tt e t o ta u a a ta uva a a a l li l , , f f ’ va n u a d m ud a u wa t t me - e e u a t int o g r , ch ( i pi c ) , i ( r v a ou a u s a d uced wo p r , rd) ’ v a e a t e tus itus z wa t t o ( 8 0 ri g d , ch , , ve u u ma l a wa t to e e n t a ld l a il fi fi ch , k p igh ve n u a wa t m a n s e nt ne l eol eo i , ch , i l , ’ ve a n a olel il o wa t ove to a a ma a r d , p ch r, , f ve ea t s l a til ma ma wa te va i ry , gr ly , i i , i , , r l a va wa te t o et a tu va i r , f ch . v es s e for o n u s i u wa te - c o s et a te in l ( h ldi g liq id ) , p r l , f ’ v a e a i wa t e a a u ill g , rf ll , f ’ v s t a u on to a s a s wa te -h en oot ve a i i , c ll p , , i i r , c , v oi e 160 s i u o o a e wa ve ow a l a s ou c f f g (chi f , bill , g , wo wea ee e va iva rd) k , f bl , i ’ vo a no ma a a mu wea on a na a uu e a lc , g p , f , p g wea t e l a tloa ia moc ry , ir d , , j ' wea ve to a a , , l g W ’ we n a a i oi o a ddi g , f p p g wa e t ou to d s a W e nes a A s o u u d hr gh , , d d y , l l " wa es a ta u wee va i a s o ca g , p y , k , ’ wa s t o a t ta r) o u wee cr y ove to ta g i c , f p , r , , i ’ wa t t o a a ta li we t u a i , , f igh , f ’ wa t fo r a n one to a ma a ma we o f wa te va i cli i ( y ) , , l l ll ( r) , ’ wa e o u s e to a a u a a a we - re d va o o é k , r , , f f g , f l ll b , g fi wa to o for a ta a o eva we u e u t to una lk , g , f , ll p , r p , , p 124 VOCABULARY

w es t s s i o won e to o o , i f d r , , f ’ wet m o s t s us u won e u s s es e , i , d rf l , ili ili ’ ’ ’ wet m o s te n t o a a s us u woo u s a a u a e , i , , f d , b h , l , f fi wh eel mea e ta a va l eva l e wo rd up u ; afioga (chief whip s a s a word) ’ w s t e t o a a ili wo a lue a hi l , , f rk g g w te s na s na wo t o a ue hi , i i rk, , g l ’ w te - a e a a s tu a wo ma n ta a a a i a lc hi h ir d , l rk , f g f f ’ w ten to a a s i na wo a l a l ol a i hi , , f rld , l gi , g w e a t wo m a nu e il o i o ick d , ili r f , , p ’ w e n t o a a l a u tel e wo b e a n ous t o ta us id , , f rry , xi , , i ’ ’ w ow d ne u a oti te ta ns wo s i o ta ua i wo s id , f fi r hip , j p ( r hip ’ ’ w owe ta a ta a o oti te a vd God id r , g ) ’ w e a vd woun ma nu a if , d ’ w e of a e a l etua woun to ma nu a if ( chi f) , f d , , W e of a in m a s ta a w a u to a ui if ( k g ) , f r p p , , ’ wi e e a u va o e a i w ea t a a n a e ou ld , fi rc , , f r h , g rl d , p l , p w - u ta oa ild d ck , l ’ ’ w u a o ma a a w te to tus i ilf l , ri , , ’ w l m n oto na olo w te o la tusi tus i i l , i d l fi g ri r , ’ e -wo w t n -ta et s a te ma a tusi (chi f rd) ri i g bl , l , ’ ’ w to d o one s a a lotoma lié ill , , f w n to b e nten to illi g , ; i d , , fi Y loto ma a , f i ' w n eez e ma ta a i a cou t lotoa i d , br , gi , g y rd , r , ’ W n ow a a ma l a ma a wn to mava va i d , f y , , w ne u a ina ea l a a s a a i , y r, g ’ w n a a a n a a a u e ow s a mas a ma i g p , p y ll , ’ ’ ’ w n to emo e l ow s - own ena ena i k, , y l i h br , ' ’ w nte va i a l olo ta u ma a l t li es 6 i oe e l ea a va i r, p , y , , , l w s fo r e s e to m a na o este a a na na i h , d ir , , y rd y, fi w t e u to m a g oma o o e a mo i h r , dry p , , g y k w t out na 6 a un oa oun itiiti i h , , y g w t t a t a nd t en i na i a ia oun of a n m a s ta a noa i h h , h , , y g ( i l ) ’ w tnes s molt o u n one of a n ma s la ou i y g ( i l ) , l i , ‘ ’ ’ wom a n w e a ne ta ma z , if , f fi ’ woma n old l o om a tua out l a d ta ul ea l ea ta ul elea , , y h , , , woma n w e o f a e a l etua ma na a e -wo ( if chi f) , f i (chi f rd) won e m a ve va ve a d r , r l g

S A M C A N - E N GLIS H A

’ a w en a a m t o s en fo r , h , if i , d n mea t a a oot . a a no , r ( ) , ’ e -wo m n a a to k a a o a n i . , ick , h d (ch f rd) , li b ( ) ’ a a i to ea t a ao ta uma ta u r t a n , , igh h d a uf town v a e a a o ta ua a va le e t a n , , ill g g , l f h d

126 VOCABULARY

a mo na to ta e th e u en u on a s onei to - a i , k b rd p , d y ones e a mo e s u s n . lf , k ( ) ’ ’ a mu a o a ta s a e s a ow n . , c r l , h d , h d ( ) ’ ’ a mu u l a red o a l (ita t o a u , c r , l gh a mui a a ontente a ta a a u t e , h ppy , c d g , l gh r - a mu li th e o ow n a d . t e a ta a ta s uns et ow , f ll i g ( j) ( , gl e n to t me a ta l a ve s o on f rri g i ) , c rp i

a na a ve n . a ta utu e ne t a d , c ( ) li , f r , x ( j ’ ’ a na a na to o e a ta lii s on , b y , ’ ‘ ’ a na lez ld to -d a a s o t t m e a ta m a i u ent ea s ona e , y ; h r i , p r d , r bl a o a te ve o a n o f th e o g , li r ( rg b dy) a na ma a e v ou s a n esto s a teva e a of th e l e , p r i ly c r , c lf ( g) a na na e s t er a a ti t o u fi , y d y , b ild ' a na o th e a oa n ni t a t fi n er -na p , pp r chi g gh igi , g il a nd o to u t ee a s a o a t va c oo a w p l , hr d y g igi , h f, cl a na o i t o a sta n om t o a st a t a t o a ve a e s on o s p g , b i fr , f ig , c r f c ( r ck , ‘

a n a m on on etc . i , i ) a n o as e m u s e a t ve b a d m s ievo us g , cl ili , ry ; , i ch a nu e wo m a te i a a to a s et t o ove f , r , c rp ll r , b k c r ’ a o a s a toa u te , if , q i ’ a o mo n n ou d a a to a toa e e t s um n , r i g ; cl d y , p rf c ; ( . ) a s os e to n t a tonu e a s ( Opp d igh ) , p rh p aoa i t o n u e u a te to am Is oto t o b e ea se , bri g p , d c ; l , pl d mm a n to t ea te n to a t a n e o u l n n . c d ; hr ; , r k , i ( ) t ow t o a ta ula ent e e hr , c ip d ’ ’ a oa o to tea t o ea n a tu a tuva le unea s e te , ch l r , y, xci d , a o d u s e us e u nee tene g , f l d frigh d ’ ne es s a a tu la a u es t a s e c ry , ch , c a o a i nu m e ua nt t ou nee e a e f , b r q i y , dl g ll , bil ’ a o a ns t u t on s oo au eo e s o e . N ote g , i r c i , ch l , p pl , ldi ry ( ’ a o l ei e o re t a t th e e o e is s n u a , b f h p pl i g l r , ’ ’ ’ - m eta ox n . o l e a a a s e et b u . p , h l ( ) ) ’ ’ ' a a a u w n n . au s a t a n e of a too p , i g ( ) , h f h dl ( l) ’ ’ a a memea orc a u a es t p , , l ’ a e d i a e a ud e a u s e a s t en p f , l dd r , b c , h A elila A a ua e s ea -fi s h p , p ril , a t t o b e s ta n to a s s the a ua a o n a un p , yi g , p g , l i , h ch n t a u a a oa igh l , r d a i ta a h ut a u a a l a u a a e n . p g , l p p , bridg ( ) ' ’ a o u a ua te 3 6 a unoa e e t p , q ick , xc p a oa o to wa n to a mon s a wa luma th e ou s e u s e in p p , r , d i h , h d ’ a oa oa i t o a m on s omm on s of a v a e p p , d i h c by girl ill g ’ ’ a o a leveleve s e a u a una t o s e ve s e va nt p g , pid r , r r ’ a ria s ve a u es e to s en a wa , il r , d y ar eto rea d a a na b ow a e , b d f , ( rch ry) ’ a s a t o wa e t ou wa te a u a m to u s e ewit , d hr gh ( r) g , c r , b ch a s a a o n . d u to on s mo ot g , f rd ( ) li , ir , h a s i a s i to v s t t o oo a t e a u ma i to ve w e n th e , i i l k f r , gi ( h (13 0 d a s ee G a mma e s on a t n is the e ie nt , y ( r r) p r c i g r cip ) SAMOAN - ENGLISH 127

d uma u to s ta a n w e e a s a e a ta one nea os e , y y h r l , r , cl by ' s t a n e e ‘ l eai no r g r , a umea u es t e lea i s e no o , g , b dy ’ ’ a moc to a a n e a m a r i a e e e e e m u d e a r t d , rr g r g l l , , h ’ ’ a umoe a ma t imon a m a t el e el ea t g , r i l ch , dir y ’ eli to d i t , g di ch a uno a e e t wa nt m sta e el o t o s me s t on , d f c , , i k , ll r gly ’ a uoli m a emo t o wi n , idd y , k ’ ’ a u d a m a rt wa e mo m I s u e e ta n p , r p , ll , r c r i ’ ’ ’ a u d a i en e e e emo o l s m a ta m oment p , f c , h dg , ’ ’ a u ola ol a a n m o v s e fa n ena ena e owi s - own p p , i p r i d , y ll h br a ura o e ei s u a s , g ld p , ch ’ a us a fo s tea m es e a wa o e n e ent , g ; , y f r ig , diff r ’ ‘ d a s a to ea r b i i , g ’ a u a e a a ms e u ment esi me on p g , r , q ip , l ’ ’ ’ a v a s a o s ea - e a e s ui a i ns t ea of fo r d d , il r ; b ch , i d , ’ a nua a n s o e cte u rs e s a i , b k , h r , p ck ’ ’ a va t o o nou es e t eto eto t o l a , h r , r p c , lick , p ’ a va ea n . a ou eva to o fo r a wa , b rd ( ) h rb r , g lk a va a n a t ve n eva eva a t o o fo r a wa k ( i dri k) g , g lk by a va e to ta e a wa m oon t , k y ligh ‘ ’ a va a to ve in on u na e eu es e t o a w out u o ut g , li c c bi g , dr , p ll ’ ’ a va a a la i s tuous u o e uz la va i na eve n e ven w en p p g , piri liq r , if, h a va ne to ve , gi a va noa to en e n a d , Op ; Op ( j. ) B1 a va tu t o ve t o s e n w en , gi ; d ( h th e e s on a t n ves or a ou t o b e m sta en e r r p r c i g gi , f , f r ; i k , ’ s en s s omethi n . S ee a uma i a a a t o a wa e ous e d g ) f d l , k , r ’ a va tu s e ta u to re a a a a li t o s o w t o a e a i , p y f , h , pp r ’ a ve to ta e a a a li a li u a d , k f , p blic ( j. ) ’ a vea ma t o ee ut a s e fo - r a a a a li a s n s na n . a , k p , p id j g , ig , ig l ( ) p u os e e a ra nce s ine n p rp p h ( . ) r ’ a ve a oa u en n . wo a a a e t o e t n uis uen g , l d , b d ( ) rk f p , x i g h , q ch ’ a ve o é t to a a a as u to e u m e u mi a te g fi , ligh ( c rry) f , p rf , f g ’ ’ ’ a ve s s e t o ta e a wa a a a ta m o n to t , k y f , irr r ( . ) gli te r a ve z o to ta e o t ’ , wn , o wn a a a va noa t o en oo etc f k d lif d f , Op (d r , . ’ ’ a ve ma to ee ut a s e a a a e t o t u , k p , p id f , lif p ’ a a ee t o s t et out a n a f , r ch rticle o met in E n s o h g ’ a a eteete t o u a es e f , g rd , p r rve ’ ’ 6 t ou es a a eta i t o t n , hr gh , by ; y f f , hi k ' ea we n e e ’ , us e o n a a eta t a i t o m eet w t a ll i d d ( d ly f f , i h , h ppen ’ nte o a t ve a a ti to en i rr g i ly) f fi , d y e a unoa wi t ’ , out a a oi a tu m a t to n h f f , , bri g ba ck ’ ’ e ena o ’ , wn a a o o a t o e a e br f f f g , h r , p rceive to 6 i a i t e e is t e e a re - , h r , h r p e rceive (chie f wo rd) e ue u u st o e ’ f f , , w red a a u a loa to en t e d p d r f j , l g h n s - own ’ a ua s ei s u en w t o di h br f af , dd (ly) , i h ut s u a ma i a a ins t l g , g i ntention 128 VOCABULARY

’ a a oto t ’ f g , o s n a a ma s es e to s e a a te i k f , p r ’ ’ a a utu e ’ f g , ( o s e s a a ma ta l a t o e a n t a ns a bridl h r ) f , xpl i , r l te ’ a a il o a to ’ f g , a w o t t o a a ma ta l a u u nte ete dr f r h f p , i rp r r ma ’ , to e nea t e a a ma u to wa t ove t rk d li f , ch r o hold ’ a a ili t o w s t e e f , , a s t t o t o a s te n s t t on hi l pip f ; f , i ch ’ a a i nu a t o m a e o ne un t o f , oo n . na k dr k h k ( ) il ( n . ) ’ a a iteite ’ f , t t e o a a m a u a l u a e a u frigh , rr r f g , p , g t nes s ' rid h h i ’ a a i tiitz t o s o t ’ ’ f , en , i m n s ; a a m a u a a l a ve no os e s na e h r d i i h f f , , r ’ t o w t a w a few a e s a a ma u l a l o to e i hdr p c f , g a e o ne s e ' d r d lf ’ ’ a a zu t o n s n e f , , o u a a ma u ma u to s u a n e wa s te fi i h c cl d f , q d r , ’ ’ a a ldina t o s u e u n e a a mava e t o a ewe f , ff r h g r f , bid f r ll ’ a a a a a ’ l le , t o s se m e a a moe a ove w a e f g di bl f g , c r , r pp r ’ a a l a ta to et a s ea t f , b r y h h ’ ’ a a l a utele to en a e e ten a a moe a s e t o u t o s ee f , l rg , x d f g , l ll l p ’ ’ a a lé a o d t o es s e t o a in a a m ol emol e ea s e 2 ent ea t f g , d pi , f ll f , p l ( r ’ one s e s tima tion ing) ’ ' ’ a a lel ei ma t o e on e to b e a a moemoe t o h O e e e t f , r c cil , f , p , xp c ’ a eea e a a mu t o s et fi re t o gr bl f , ’ ’ a al é tuma u t o b e n ons s te nt a a n oa noa s a d a i te f , i c i f , , ffl c d ’ ’ a a l evel a r a w u n oo e a a nu nu nu nu t o n u e t o f , , c k d f , i q ir ’ a a lilo s e et o n ea e n te s t u f , cr , c c l d i ci , ir p ’ ' ’ ’ a a lz u to t a ns a te a a o u t o ess f , r l f f , dr ’ ’ a a l o o t o ea a a ol a t o s a ve es ue f g , h r f , , r c ’ a a lo olo o t o b e s ent t o e a t ece ve f g g , il ch , d i ’ ’ ’ a a lotoma lié to d o one s w a a onoono to ou s e e te f , ill f , r , xci ’ ’ ’ a a lototel e o u o ntente a o o t o onve n t o f , j yf l , c d j d , c y , bri g ’ ’ a a ma a na a na t o om o t a a o oo o t o n re a s e f f f , c f r , f p p , i c ’ ons o e a a os oos o to oa ent e c l f , g d , ic ’ ’ ’ a a ma ol a a tu to en th e a a a i a t o ons e a te e a te f f , Op ( f p , c cr , d dic ’ a n o r a oo a a a l e a l e a t en e a t ent h d b k) f p p , p i c p i ’ a a ma a l o t o a on o ve a d f g , p rd , f rgi ( j) ’ ’ e em a a a ii to a os t a te pid ic f p , f ll p r r ’ ’ a a ma l a ma w n o w a a ea s o t us f , i d f p , , h ’ ’ a a ma l a ma l a ma t o s ne a a ea ma i t o s ea t u s f , hi f p , p k h ’ ’ a a ma li i t o s s e a a e ea h ow f g , pill , h d f p f , ’ ’ ’ a a md lbld t o cu r e ea a a ei t o n t a t e f , , , h l f p , i i i ’ ’ a a md losi a t u e a a ena ~ s o b i a s a e a s t a t f , f ig d f p , g , l rg h ’ a a ma l u t o a t e e -wo to t w st is fi u r e f , b h (chi f rd) i , d g ’ ’ a a ma l u s een s a e n . a a o is a to a en f , cr , h d ( ) f p g , d rk ’ ’ ’ a a ma l u a l zi t o o nou es e t a a oto oto to o e t a s s em e f , h r , r p c f p p , c ll c , bl ’ ’ a a ma lu lu t o oo a a oto oto a a s s em m eet ~ f , c l f p p g , bly , ’ a a ma md to ea n m f , cl g ’ ’ a a md na i a t o m a e ea ut u a a u ula to ol s ten f , k b if l f p p , p i h , brigh ’ a a ma na tu a m em o emem to s o ten f g , ry, r h r ’ a n e a a s a a t o tu n a s e br c f g , r id ’ ’ a a ma nui a to es s a a s a i t o t ea ten f , bl f , hr ’ ’ ’ a a maom t u e a t u a a s a l a t o un s f , r , f i hf l f , p i h ’ ' ’ ’ a a mas a m t o e e s e a t ce a a s a o e s u e s a ve f , x rci , pr c i f , r c , ’ ’ a ma s ias i t o ns u t a a s a ua t o u s ue es s f a , i l f , p r , Oppr

13 0 VOCABULARY

a i a lue a wo to wo a nua a n e e a n f g g , rk rk f , l d , pi c Of l d i a t u t a a a nua l a u a ta s i a n n . f g , diffic l f g , pl i ( ) e a s a nu a oti u a y j , ch rchy rd

s a a o na n . il f , il ( ) a il a u a o a to a v a e a o to rob ta a ta a o mea f g , r r Of ill g f , , ; g f , t o m a e o r d o o e k , , r bb r s omet in for s o me one a s a ns a ne h g f , i imas a e to m en a t t t o s t e t o e e a a s n . f , d , p ch f , rik , kill pi c ( ) ’ ma nu ta nne t o i m u e a t e n a i a u o le as a t . f p , r ; f g , rd r b l ( ) t a n a s i oti t o s t e ea f , kill , rik d d a u e m em e of th e ou n a ta t o e a a a ow f ip l , b r c cil f , b r , c rry b rr ’

a is o o ons ta nt ont nu a n . a t e s t e f , c , c i l ( ) r ck , r l ’ a is u a s e n . a ta a a ta a va l eva le wa on f , h ll ( ) f f , gg , a tia u t o ou nt e on ea a t f , c , r ck , r d c r a ita u la a es t a ta a ita ul a a a e f g , p ri f f g , Old g

i i tili t u n e n . ta a ta e a s t n a t a . f , h d r ( ) f f , br ( ) a i totoa oo a t e s oot j , d r , g h a i va t a e a n em o a ita a to a te f , r d , c lli g , pl y f g , h m ent t o o t a e a t ta to s ta n U t o f l Of r d f i , d prigh (

a a m a t n . e a ve s f l , ( ) l ) ’ a a t o a e a tu ea r t a s o a n s ee f l i , b k f , h ( rg ) d , a l a oa e a e ne s tone u t f , br d k r l , (Of fr i ) ’ a laoa ma ta m ea oun o n a tu a tua i t o me ta te f , l (gr d c r ) f f , di a e ou s e u n a u fa u -t ee f l , h , b ildi g f , r ’ a e a a mos n o ou rt of us t e a u a ua vd en a e to b e ma e f l f i , c j ic f f , g g d rri d ’ a e a a o a s oo n . e e n t o a m a n f l f i g , ch l ( (r f rri g ) ’ a le i e t ent a u a u ta ne e n a e to b e ma r f , f f , g g d a l e l a u a a woo en ou s e e o f a wom a n f p p , d h ri d ( ) ’ ’ ’ a le o o a oa s o s to e a u u e to ea e u f l , , h p , r f p , h p , pil p ’ ’ a i a u o ea n s e a e a e n a e a a l a u u . f l p p g , E r p f p g , h p , pil ( ) ’ ou s e ea a i a a a n e ea u e h f g g , lli c , l g ’ ‘ a e u u s on ea l u a z to a m e a ou t f l p ip i , pri f , r bl b ’ a e s ci u u a eoa i f l , ch rch ( pl r l , f ) al e s a to a n s e ea nu t o t f i , b r , h d f , Spi ' a e ta l mo ta lima la ues t - ous e ea nu a tt e f l l , , g h f g , Spi l o ’ a e ui os et e a m e s s a e news t o o e f l , cl f d , g , rd r ’ a e u lu ou s e u t ea s omet n t o b e et e t o f l , h b il Of br d hi g f ch d ; fru it t ree timbe r s end for ’ a letu a w e a e ea u to s a t s a e f , if Of chi f f , cr ch , cr p ‘ ’ a u t o tu n o nes e o ve e e cu ttl efi s h f li , r lf r f , ate to s t et o u t e a e e i t t o ten f , r ch , Sp r d f f , fr gh frigh ’ ’ a na u n t o s oot e e e e e e a nt a s s f , g h f f , l ph i i ame t o s m e ete to e ment to b e u e f , ki f f , f r p ff d ’ on s hi s m a s t “ f d , p P ’ a na e to s e o f wa te e eu tou tena ous f , ri ( r) f f , gh , ci ’ ‘ a na a nua a nnon eita a z a t e enm t f f , c f g , h r d , i y ’ na u t o ve t t o rt el a ol a oa i to m e ta te f a , gi bir h bi h f f f , di ’ en in ene a ema liua i t o o oun a out childr ( g r l) f , g r d b a no to e s to es e f , p ri h r id SAMOAN- ENGLISH 13 1

’ ememea i es a n . ol a ol a to o U to e ve o f , d p ir ( ) f f , r ll p d l p ' " I eoa i to a s s o a te w t . to a o wa to e l a n f , ci i h c rry f r rd xp i ’ a s o ea lua i o a enes s es em a n e l f ) f lig , lik , r bl c eoi to om l a n olo to u s wa o w f , c p i j , g lp , ll ’ ’ ’ es é a i t o o a s t a os e one s olo a toa to tw s t nte a e f , g r y , l f , i , i rl c ’ ' wa oma t s a n y j , p hy ici u e i m ee es tli to a s k s t on n . ono oun t n f , q ( ) f , c cil i g es oa s oa ni t o e s ta n otu to ow een ou s t o f , h lp , by f , g r gr , fl ri h ' d a nyone be a t out to give birth t o eta i a i t o a en e -wo f , h pp ( chi f rd) ’ eta l a i t o t al ou new es f , k f , , fr h ’ eta l a i a s ee o a t on ou va le s o e ient f g , p ch , r i f , di b d ’ ’ - s m e u me u e. eta u l a z a a la o s oa ua a s e n . to a s f g , cr r d f , r ( ) r eta s ta fu a - u t in va n o ne f , r fr i ; i by eta a o m o n n -s ta s e w t ou t m ot ve na e f , r i g r lf i h i k d em e e s oot n -s ta ua e a e ea ou s z ea f l l , h i g r f , g r j l l ’

etuu t o u s e u a fla n . f , c r f , g ( ) ’ eu a t o e t n u s ot out u a la a u os s om t ees f l , x i g i h , bl f , bl r ’ ’ eva eva ea i t o be a t va a n e u e to ta e U u f , ri c , f , k p , pick p ua e u u l a to s we u q rr l f f , ll p a t o b e w n u u l u to ea n wa s fi , illi g f f , cl , h n men a owe oo ia a to b e a e o t u m n . f fi , gl d Of j y f g , fl r , bl ( ) a i nu to b e t s t ut to d i to fi , hir y f , p fill a moe wea t e a a s ta i n fi , ry , ir d f i , rl g ' a tu tu to d o a t n w l n ui uz v ne eon nt o u e fi , hi g il i gly f f , i , pig (i r d c d

li li t o a v s e t ea n . fi fi , d i ; hr d ( ll a ve s a u a s we l n fi , d r ry f l , l i g li d n u s t ous u ll to u s et t o o tu n fi g , i d ri f , p ; r ll , r lo t ea 11 a out fi , hr d ( b m n 11 na a lo w . t o b e u u ea t e fi g , ill , i d ( f l , f h r w n ie -wo u lu u l u a illi g ( ch f rd) f f , h ir na na u t o e e t o nes e t o u na e fi fi , x r lf ; f girl ve t ou e us a n a e to n oo gi r bl f i , b d g bi d ; p l ,

na u ontes t n . to t s wa m fi , c ( figh p

s ute n . s us s on us u fis t to t w t th e s ts di p ( di c i f , figh i h fi

na u a t 11 . a te a t on fi g , figh ( l rc i ta ta a ve a d s o e fi fi , br ( j ldi r t) to u e ea f , c r , h l oa to wou n a a u ent a s f , d g , r il oa l to a n o ve e ve U a a t ea a m s ex f , h d r , d li r p g f , hr d f ily ; odmo a e a a na s ee h a n ua e f , gg g g , p c , l g g oe u e a l a to o et f , r dd r g , f rg oeu li e m a l ue to wo f , h l g , rk a e vo e e -wo o o a a l ue a wo n . j j g , f c ; ic (chi f rd) g g , rk ( ) ’ a ou to oo a t a o fa t a on f f , br d , h ch g , b c ’ ’ o d ele el e e a t s o in a oa s ton f g , r h , il ; g , y

ommon ene a a d . a o a o e s e t wa s te e m t c , g r l ( j) g g , d r , , p y o va i wa te s oo a d f gd , r , fl d ( i ) o a to s we U to r Ol l U a 61 tl nef t o s tea t e t f l , ll p p g , l , h f 13 2 VOCABULARY

a é é oo e t o b e b e nt u nei ei e g p p , cr k d , , h u ve l e to ues s o es c r d ii , g , pr ph y a s e to s a s i la o t s ta n n g , pl h , Sp , i ( . as e a n u a d i el es s a lo el ow a t th e ottom g , l g id dry ( l f i l , b , b ’ ’ a s e ele ele e s e o f th e m oo n l e a nd t en g . cli p i , h as e as e t o be u nwe ie l ea mea ma l ea mea h e e a nd g g , ll (ch f i , r wo rd) the re a s cto ta e s e of th e s u n le va etween g , clip i , b a ta s na e fa n n g , k ili , ( . ) ’ a ta a a e nd n . ili t o s a w to l g g , ( ) , fi e ’ a tefe to t em e s ve ili a noa s a n g , r bl , hi r g , c r ( . ) a u t o rea t o e e s iliola o ute s n g , b k pi c , r ki a u a u t o u t one s e to a n u t o s oun th e t um et g g , h r lf h g ili p , d r p

d own of e a ves etc . i ts a w te fa n ( l , ) li , hi m eno to e o n i o wo m n e i l . g g , b ck , r ( ) o o s ea - u oa t o s ee g g , g ll il , a ta to s in o u n e loa e e now e e g , k , g d r i l l i , k l dg “ oto a l s la s u ns et lo a e e en e e o a t ve g , i g , pr f r c , p r r g i u t o u m e ow i u a a o ve a o t g , gr bl , gr l l g , b , l f a il um l a ma e o e o os te a e g g , d b i , b f r , pp i ( pl c ) ’ um mout imoa mous e g , h ,

i na a e o e on . , b f r (c j ) i na ia in o e t a t , rd r h ’ ina s e a mea nw i e i , h l in o n u a a ns t for i ni a w t whi w t w a t i , p g i , i h ch , i h h i a t es e ini to n ni , h , pi ch , p ” " i a fi s h inc to a te es s e at e , , h , d pi h r d ’ 77 a i t e e w o m to w om noa m u d t , h r h h i , , dir i a loma a m on inu t o n , di d , dri k ’ ’ ’ i a s o a i s o o a y i é t e e f , d il , h r ’ ’ is ot m a te a i 012 es , cl h , ri l , y ’ ie a u a et i o wo m n f , c rp p , r ( ’ ’ ie a a ma l a ma win ow- u ta n i u ves s e cu o et f , d c r i p , l , p , g bl ’ ° ’ i s a u a u ta e - ot i u a i a t e l l , bl cl h p , p l ’ i e no nen i u ma l a ma la ma d rink in ~ l a s s li , li p , g g ’ ie ma moe a n et is a w a t a s a m e I , bl k h h ’ ’ ’ is u u u r ta n isi lua t o cut in two p ip i , c i , ’ ie va va e otton feet nos e , c , i a o o ut o f oo s i s umu r a t f f , d r , i ca W en e w e e w t e i ta a n enem j , h c h r hi h r , gry ; y i i a s e es o f es tnu t ta a ta a a ne a es e i , p ci ch i f f , r , b id i o e ow own o wn wa s ta a a tu on t a t s e o f f , b l , d , d rd i l , h id to s u m t to b ow ta a ma i on t s s e b i i l , hi id Of i o a tu to a o e wo s i tiiti tt e s ma f , d r , r hip , li l , ll i o ‘ to om e own totonu in it t ere n f t , c d i , , h i ’ i oa i e v t m e a a us t om u s a e a t f , d cli i y , p , c , g , p r y ’ i oto el e to b ow own to th e tua out s e outwa r f , d i , id , dly oun itfiai a a ce of eo e sex gr d g , r ( p pl ) , , m oa na me n . a ig , ( ) f ily

13 4 VOCABULARY

’ l iul ua to tu n one s a o n ma inwa to ecome ua nte , r b ck , b a cq i d loa mme a te on ta w t , i di ly ; l g , ll i h ’ l o to u s t u st ma i ti a a e a n n fi , p h , hr g , ch , p i ( . ) ’ - o o t o ea n . e o t ma iu u fi n er na l g , h r cry ( ) r p r , , g il ’ news u m ma i veccl a e ve ; dr , f r la lo oo wa te e a s ma a u n a nes s , fl d , high r ; gr y, l , h ppi a tt ma a a ou ne t n f y l g , j r y ; ra velli g l olo to e t a t , d p h p r y

loto w n . ea t a s s ea t o f ma a e ma et n , ill ( ) h r ( l , rk ( . ) th e a s s ons to b e w n ma a a u n e a va t p i ) ; illi g l i , r i , d pr ion ‘ lotoci a om oun md la la oa , y rd , c p d , c l ’ loto a a ve a d . ma l em o owne a d , br ( j) , dr d ( j lotu e on ma le a l e a e e t , r ligi p p , d cr pi " ’ ’ l ua th e d a a t e to -mo ow md h e ea ut u s en , y f r rr , b if l , pl did l ua o e it t ma e s a , h l , p , di ch li , h rk ” u a s ee a ua th e st ma ce a vo l i ( l i) , fir li , br l aw to o t s a e ma u to d ie e -wo , j l , h k li , (chi f rd) owl ma u t o o li , g a a e s e n ma u um s m a . ma i to ome l , h di gr c ( ) li , c ’ l uma na i to b e e o e s omeone ma liu a o n out n e , b f r g , g i g ( . ) d a th ' l u e eon ove ma lb em e omin on p , pig , d , pir , d i con q u e ror M '‘ md l olo ea t s oun , h l hy, d ' ' ma w itis o ou mdl blb a es t ea t , h h (c l r) g , r ; h l h md to b e a s a me ma m s t nes s s o t me ow , h d , ill f , ll ’ ma l d m a a s tone il l tl o a . , , c ld ( j) ’ ’ ma a a s to n a s t f mdlumd lu tem e , y , h rd , i f , pl ’ ma a s a ma md ea n t i , h rp , cl ligh ’ d m m u n s i o a . n ma a lil d a n . , c ld ( j ) , l g ri g ( ) ’ ’ mdmd to e w ma a omea n . , brick ( ) , ch ’ ma a tus ta ets o et - oo ma ma d ea v i , bl , p ck b k f , h y m a ea a n n . o o e ma ma u onou e onou , ch i ( ) c rd , r p l , h r d ; h r ; en ou m ma ea u a mea a n n . o , ch i ( ) Spl d r , p p m a to b e a e w n ma ma o fa r em ote af i , bl , illi g , , r m a u a u to oo a t u ent mé mé a e ons u m t on cif f , l k pr d p l , c p i a a tu a to s neez e ma ma u s to e ons t a te m f , , pp d , c ip d ’ ma ui e ea t ua e mamoe s ee f , r hq k , h p ma a tu e e ma na mi t owe g , b , pip , gh p r ma oma o a d to u md na i a s on of a i e ett g g , dry ( j dry p , ch f pr y ’ ma s n es s a d . i , ick ; ill ( j ) ’ ’ 0 a a s ve s a o ma na o t o w eb for es u e m i lili , hi r , c ld , , d ’ ’ a i a a iiva ons um t o n ove w s t o a ve a m f , c p i l ; i h h uf e w en e w e e o m ea n n m f d , h c h r fr y r i g a a m e ma na tu t o t n t o s ut to m il , il , hi k ; h ;

a ilei a u d ece1t e m n t ou t n . in m , fr d , r i d h gh ( ) e te nt on s na r ( n . ) i ‘

a a d o n . mana va e to ea t e m il , g ( ) , b lly br h ’ ’ a im h u a m u na t ma nd va ea t os t m d , cr p l ic , br h gh

d . a ni ni t n s en e ( a j) m fi fi , hi , l d r SAMOAN—ENGLISH 13 5

’ ’ ma no i s me s ent ma ta z ea of a m or a t g , ll c , h d f ily p r y ’ ’ t o s me s ent ma ta ss a u o ne ll , c , j i r ’ ma noa tw ne s t n fna ta i tu s a m e es s n e ent , i , ri g , h l , i d c ’ ma nu u n ma ta itus i ette o f a a et , d ri g , l r lph b ’ ’ ma nu m es s en e a unne wh o ma ta im n , g r , r r , bli d a es m es s a es for a v a e m a ta l el ei ea ut u of th e a e c rri g ill g , b if l ( f c ) ma nu a n m a e a s t ma ta ma ta to ons e oo a t , i l , b , bird , c id r, l k ma nu d ne e m a e ma ta mu li m o es t f fi , f l , d ’ ma nu e a i e a s t of e ma ta ea ea a va e f , b p r y p p , ric ’ ma nu elcl e i ma ta o is a s woon a nt n - fit j , bird p g , , f i i g ’ ma nu oa m a e m a ta u a a u p , l p , gly ma nu ta I n ia n tu t e - ove ma ta s es e a s u nt -e e gi , d r l d , p , q i y d wild pigeon s quint ' ’ ma nu va e ci om es t a n ma ma ta u to b e a a f , d ic i l , , fr id ’ ou - oote ea s t ma ta fi a va ou s a va e f r f d b , rici ; ric ’ ma nu w ou n n wou n e nv u e a . to , d ( ) d y , gr dg ‘ ma nu a o wa r -s mcita u fi s h - oo , hip , h k ma nfli a a nes s a mdta u a xe a t et , h ppi h pp y , , , h ch es s e a es s n ma ta u u ns t u t on bl d , gl d ; bl i g p , i r c i ’ we a e ma ta u ti a ea t lf r , f r , frigh ma num a lo to ove owe s ub ma ta ca e s tu owa , rp r , l , pid , c rdly d u e ; prepo ndera nce a wk wa rd fellow ’ m s a t s e t o a t te a o o s a ma te ea a d . , i fi d i , d d ( j ) ’ m a ota a a e e s ou s e ma tel a ma s o e , p l c , chi f h , b r m a u t o e ove e s t mul fi p , r c r , r i , g ma us a a e s t e ove ma tiva oo nee to nee p g , r r c ry , p r , dy d ma us el a ea t in -t ou e ma m no t p , br h g r bl , r h ’ ” mas a a to ou ou t m a ma ve e n te s u e , p r , Spill , ry , d fi i , r ' mds a e to te a ren ma tu d loa t o b e s u e to no w , r , d i , r , k m a s a a twi ns e s e g , p r ci ly m a s a o to a e t t o e eve matu a ol d a ents l , cc p ; b li , p r ’ t o on e tu e s u m s e mdtu a otz o a n o a n c j c r , r i , rph rph a l os lo a t o ou t m a s a v le a d . , d b ( j ) ’ mds a m to b e a u s tom e t o ma tu tu , cc d ; , dry ’ e u s m n a s u s to . to ma tu u e on c ( ) , h r s o a te w t ma u to a u e find hit on ci i h , cq ir , , , ma s ma s a t a n es e ve i , l g i , d r ' ma s na m oon mciu ev en e to we i , , id c ; d ll mds i na m ont ma ua lu a , h g , high ma s io o u een ma u a m ounta n f , q g , i ma s od s ta -m e a ma u a l oa m ounta n in S a moa , rch l g , i mata a e e e t o s ee m a u a mu vo a no , f c y g , lc m a ta u a to wa e ma u la a s ee ma ua l u a l , k g , g ma ta a a e a s o e oa s t m a u l a lo i a nd ee th e f g , b ch , h r , c , h gh d p ( ma ta a lue a ut t a e a S a m oa n h a s b ut o ne wo to g g , d y ; r d , c ll rd in e es s t s l ow omm on g xp r hi ) ; , c , ma ta i w n tt e u m e m ee nes s g , i d li l , h bl , k ma ta o é s en ou ma nifi ma uma a a nt n g fi , pl d r g g , pl i g ent md u ma u to wa s te c , 13 6 VOCABULARY

ma uma us olo to wa n e a out mu mu to um e b e ro ~ , d r b , i i , gr bl ; p to ea a noma e ma u vok in l d dic lif ( , g l e m v s olo oun a out u t o end e nd n . i , r d b ) li , ( ) ’ ’ mu i a a t ma u u e u e ea n . l i as t p p , h p ( ) hill , l ’ ma us a li u et a d t o b e mu li a u ea u a , q i ( j , r rg rd s a ve om mul il ua to omm t a u te d fr , c i d l ry ’ ma u oa we a t ma limu li to o ow , rich , l hy , f ll mdvae to e a s e s a e a a s s mu liva e ee of oot , c di pp r, p , h l ( f ) a wa to o a wa t a e ea ve mu lumu lu t o wa s y g y , k l , h , s m m red mea t n a e n . t n u u , hi g ; pl c ( ) hi g , in ene a mama o a a me g r l fi , fl mea a l o a t e s ent mumu lu t o a s wa m ones e f , gif , p r , b k , r lf ’ mea e a i a t e o f oo mus u to e u s e a ve no es e , r icl f d , r f , h d ir mea e ond m st a e a u t mul a a s s p , i k , f l i , gr mea e ta a va le w ee n . , h l ( ) one h y N mel n me on i i , l mill to r u b no b ut es es , , , b id ‘ m l o to n nd to u i , Spi , b ry m s a t n . to e n a t na i a few s ome i , figh ( ) b gi figh , , mita mita to oa s t o in n a i n e , b , gl ry fi , k if o m na s u m t ea m n . to ea m t na u t m o to i i , dr ( ) dr , g , q i s u na mu me o u e om ck , li ( pr d c d fr moa h en o a , c r l) ‘ moa na s ea ee ue na nd s e et o n ea e , d p bl , cr , c c l d m a moa na s d us a u th e hi s ea s na na u t s t e n . , gh , ( ) M e t o s ee na ne s oon s o on a te , l p i , , f r moe a b e d o u mum t o s ta mme m u e g , , c ch , r , rd r mo a m o a eet e m ot ee to s ea a o e n g g , b l , h Sp ch ; p k f r ig ’ mo i t u e a n u a e , r l g g ’ ’ moi a a o oa nut e na 0 ene a t e , c c fibr l i , r h r mo s oa u a ma l a e a d e li , p d i , dry , rid ; d d , ’ m o no o a n e e a s e li di , r g c d molima u ev en e w tnes s ne one o s a m e a s em em) th e , id c i g g , g g ( ’ e o ru n n in S a moa n is oft n r momo , t e p o mo t o a u s e cut u nou nced n mo li , cc p , g) e out nei now p a rc l , ‘ ’ mom t u e a t u t u t ne i es t , r , f i hf l r h , l ’ ’ mo o z a m o toot o n , li rd f , h ; h r moto u n e n a nee e , rip il , dl tu' mul t tu e ea to b e n n t o es mea mo , i d ; h p ; i i , b r ’ ' e E nu mom m a o oa n ut a m e a a t . ct u s p r d , , c c p l n nua nua a n ow is la d , r i b mu to u n no none to o ow to le n , b r , , b rr ; d ’ mud a u van u a noa to in , g rd , b d mua a t s t e vious u o o t o s it t o s ta em a in i , fir , p r ly f , y, r ’ ua mua ev ou s no o u s ea t a i s a e m , p r i ly f , , ch r ; ddl ’ ’ u d ul u o e ea no o a a a wa -t a n m , f r h d f fi , r il y r i mui a n um n m oa rl a overnment , gry , gr bli g f g , g

13 8 VOCABULARY

’ a a a p i , owa olo a i to o r e omma n e l c rdly p , d r , c d (chi f a a a a m u d m o a s s wo p l p l , , r rd) a e e p , , e e m ol oa i a l a w omma n o e l ridg l dg , bri p g , , c d , rd r a u t o mix s t olo a s a ve o ne wh o oes p l , , ir p g , l d a nt ot a n nt o u e wo ea v wo fo not e p , p , p (i r d c d rd) h y rk r a h r a nis ina m e m o m n t a e e t ona not n . p , li , r r , c p , k ( ) a a e ven e ve fla t ona ivi o nt of m s t e p p , , l l , p , j i ( li b) gri l

a a o n . o o o oa nut p p , r ck ( ) p p , c c a a to a s u s t oto u ent w s e nte ent p p , cr h , b r p , p r d , i , i llig a a a tu t o t ou a n e oto oto t o a t e o e t p p , ch , h dl p p , g h r , c ll c , a a a u e a s es s ut m e p p l , lc r , b c ; p rid a s s e bl a a l a i o e ne o e n otu oom in a ou s e p p g , f r ig r ; f r ig , p , r ( h ) s t a n e otu moe e oom r g p , b dr a s ek a a s te otu n o o s tt n - oom p , E r p j , i i g r ’ a tele P a te otu ta ele a t - oom p , r p , b h r a t - a t t o a th e a n s ou a s uta neou s e u t on p i p i , cl p h d p , r h , c r p i ; a l u tu m ou s we n w ea t a a n p , r , lli g r h , g rl d a il em t du os t a e a p , p y p , p , p l , pill r ’

a u na ou n n . onitl a o u mn p , p d ( ) p , pill r , c l ’ a u e s n ea t e ou liu li a nes s oom p , hid , ki , l h r p , d rk ; gl y ’ ” a tl t o a a t o e es om wet e s ee p , f ll , f ll pi c p , h r , h p ’ ’ a a u e os s i e u a u o ow a d . ev p p , l pr y, c b p , h ll ( j ) cr c ea w en t u m et p , h , if r p ’ eis ea i it is a s ua a i p , if p , p g ’

e e o e e u s te a d . ua t o ea en p l , ch ic , xq i i ( j ) p i , br k Op e ove ua u a a nee s t es s m s e b l d p p g , d , di r , i ry ’ e u s wo u e to s e z e t o l a o o f t o p l , rd p , i , y h ld ene en ta e s one p , p k p ri r ’ - ene m a a s a te en u u t o s ut os e . S ee a e p , l p cil p ip i , h , cl ( f l ) eneta l a en a a tou to s ta e i e a t p , p cil p l , r f x dly en na ea u e s e p i , p rl p l , h ll e e o ne noo utte a le a ut o t t o u e to p p , c r r , k b rfly p , h ri y ; r l , m e el o to l ie l ie n . u nt ue o m a n p p , ( ) r c d es e to s n s on u ou a n s o t o f ea - ove n p , i g g p l , y r h d c ri g es t to us t u s t a u t ta r p , p h , hr p l , pi ch , ia s u a s ou o f o oa nut -m iilii u et nt o u e wo p , p c c ilk , p , b ll (i r d c d rd) s ta a nd wa te u luma ta u o ne a tt e m e a t rch , r p , h r d c l z a una to flow t o we u to o p ili , li rd p , , ll p , b il , ii to o ow one a n on to one t o s e et e p , f ll , h g h a m e a d e a na cu n o f wa te p ip ili , l ( j cripp l p i , Sp ri g r l o t o s m e o ens ive u n t o s u t os e p ip i , ll ff ly p i , h , cl s a n o s e din a nou to en t o b ow s t 00 p i , i , p , b d , , p s a d t o m a e a no s e a nou ma ta t o o we th e e es p i , k i p , l r y

to o ne n . o nt n . u na s o on p i , c r r ( ) p i ( ) p , p o n t u u la to tte s ne p , igh p p , gli r , hi o t o s t e one in th e a e u il t o a e p , rik f c p p , g rgl ’ n - e o a oot n . u a en e o oa ut s p g i , r ( ) p p , Op d c c h ll ’ o a is u nos us a t o ow p g , p , gl oletito ve an a us a loa omet p , r d p , c SAMOAN - E N GLISH 13 9

iis a b ox es t s a v eez e ea t o f w n p , , ch ili , br , br h i d , us a tos o es t o f a we s a ir p , ch dr r ’ a we s e e to l e dr r , g id ’ us ca t s e eva e s oe oot p i , , h , b uta fa t o u ent s ei owe o na m ent p , , c rp l , fl r ; r ’ u ta s tom a m a w s e a t a s fa r a s p , ch , i , ill , ’ ’ ’ a te m s t fo s e z a l ua z ev ou s s t e o e p , i , g , p r i ly , fir , b f r ’ ’ u u u u s o t s e a a s t ma p p , h r l , h s e e t o cut m ow l , , s e e ma ma t o s a ve l , h S ' s e em s l n l , hil i g ' s a o en s a e s eles el e s a to to ea a ves t , f rbidd , cr d i , r p , h r ’ ’ s a a i t o em t s el e u lu s s s o s , p y , ci r s a a s a a s m a t n s el u o m , ll , i y , c b s a e t o tea en s ema e 1 m o e a es s w en , r , r d , d Of ddr h s a ela a v e nto two e e s h a ra n u in s eve a eo e , di id d i pi c , g g r l p p l ou e s eoli e f om th e He ew d bl d , h ll ( r br s a to oo fo r s cheo ili , l k l) s a fs a f t o n t o et e s es e t o b e m s ta en to a ct , bi d g h r , i k , s a to s ee o n a n w on y m a e a n e o i , d c r , gr i r gl , k rr r s a a u n s ment s etus etu t o m l , p i h , li p s a a m o e e nta n e t o e ent s eus s u to o e t woo l , r p c ; r p , c ll c d ’ s a l es e to t ea o ut u out s ii t o a s e t a k e U ft U i , r , p ll , r i , p , li p s a ma a a mm e s ii ta u to omm en e os t ties l , h r , c c h ili , ’ s a ma m s a m on wa r , l ’ s a mas a ma e ow s i l a il a l o wa t , y ll , r s a mi s ea s a s a t o s ee to now , il il , k ’ s a na toto s ente s i l a s il a ma i u l a t on no t e , dy ry , p b ic i , ic ’ s a o t o s et t e e si s ve l a e b i , righ , fr li ili , ry rg high , g ’ r oa ch a b l e s s es e won er u p ili ili , d f l ’ ' s a o a s a w -fi s h s na s om e s o m eth n l , i , , i g ’ s a o l oto ee t o ee s no m , fr fr , i li b e a te s ios w to o U to s u oun lib r , l ck p rr d s a s a w n . t o w to es e e , hip ( ) hip b i g ’ s a s a a t o ou ou t s s i ac t o a w U , p r i , dr p ' s a s a e e a s t s is z o wes t , f , s a w t o om e s iu o o a vo e e -wo , c f f g , ic (chi f rd) s a u d ew s i u l a , , girl ’ ’ ’ s a u to a os t - me s i u s i u ta , fr ri , il s a u d u e , s va , S a m o a n a n e cr l j i d c ’ s a u a a u e t u s u t e r s oa e u t s u to for a s g , cr l y p r i , p , d p y i r girl s ecu tion ha nd ’ ’ s a u n to e a e ea s oa li z e ms ma n oa t -s tee e i , p r p r r dy , h l , b r r s a u s a u t o s out n u s oa ta u a e oa t , p , Sp ri g p , l rg b s a u te s ou t s o a i t o ea t ou t o , h f , br k hr gh s a va t o o wa n e ea en li , g , d r br k Op ’ S ava m es s en e envo s o z t o s s r u b nos es th e li , g r , y g , ki , ( ’ s a va lz a ou ne ou ne on a n e nt S a m oa n eet n g , j r y j r y ci gr i g) oot s o is o i to s me to s me a t f g g , ll ll 140 VOCABULARY

s ofa ea ve t a t ! l et t a t s a l t to n e t e l h h , i h ri h ir a one ! s u l u to l , rch ’ ’ s oz u a a ewe oo -b e ! s u lu a i a a e o f e u e f , f r ll g d y f g , pl c r f g , s ole fri end a s yl um f s ol o t o o e t t ea s u es s uo s ov e c ll c r r , h l s e l t o t a m e own us s uo ti a l e a nua to ou l , r pl d , cr h f , pl gh

s olil u l a ono t a ns es s on s uotos i na ou n . f , r gr i , pl gh ( ) a a ns t a l a w s u a a me g i p , l s olo a m onotonou s s ee ma e s o s ou , p ch d up , p on va ou s oc a s ons s al s a wet mo s tu e ri c i , i r lo t s o o ee a w oun a d . , cr p , cr l r d ( j ) a out s us u ea s ts os om b , br , b s ol o to U s us unu to u n own i , dry , dry p , b r (d ) s olos ol o o et - a n e e , p ck h dk rchi f s o o utu ta e na k n l g , bl p i T s olo a nu a o s e f , h r ’ s ol o a nua a o omot ve en ne ta to s t e no id o u t o f fi , l c i gi , rik , k ck f , 3 00 s o a u wa s ot es hea tin w t , ch l r , p pil h cl h by g i h ’ s o o o ten a s t , f ick ’ s o ota a e a e ( a a i welt of a s oe or e n g , p c , ( h ) , b d ri g ’ s o e o of a l o a lo t o a a es s on e p , l ck h ir , p l y , c r , f dl s o o to o o ve a m o unta n o r ta a lolo th e e nte t a nm e nt o f a p , g r i , r i a cross a rive r gu es t by the whole villa ge ’ ' s o ol a s o ole a e s o o w n . ta a lz li va e u oa on us o n p , p , c r , rr ( ) l , pr r , c f i to b e o n e ne a o ut ta a noa ou n a ea c c r d b , y g y r Old 3 03 0 a l u to o towa s a oa c m o s t y u s e ea s t s , g rd , pp r h ( l d Of b ) ’ 3 03 0 ma i to om e to wa s ta a l to l a o wn ut own , c rd , i , y d , p d a p proa ch t o t u rn o n a la th e ’ ’ s o a s os ola to fle e a voi ta a mli a en nee m e a n l , , , d fi , gi r , ch ic ” s ou wa ve s u re e s a m e a s ta md e I m , , rf , , y ‘ s ua u u n . to ou , liq id , fl id ( ) p r child s a d to t ru s t u s ta ca o to -m o ow on o t e , h , p h , rr h r s u a a na me e - wo a s in th e mo n n mo n f , (chi f rd) d y , r i g r ' s lie s weetne s s s weet in n . uama , g ( ) ’ ove a m n ia e e t o a t e l ly, ch r i g l , b h ’ s uds us u m ta el e a a t n - a e , ilk g , b hi g p l c ’ ’ s u ds us u l o a ea m fa cia s s a nte n , cr li , hip l r ’ s a d u a a n ta a t o cu t o e n , r i f , p ‘ ’ s u au u o oa nut - ta d a e na s o t e n os u e , c c Oil f , r , p r cl r ’ ’ s u du u m a no i o m a tu m l a a ma i a ta a wn d a g , p f , d Of y ‘ ’ s u e t o em a n t o s ea ta a o to o fo r a wa , d d rch f , g lk to ove t r ta e to flow pr , y f , ’ s u e a t ia e a m na t on e u l o e e ve g , r l , x i i , f g , ri r u ta t o e a ra z o q iry fi , Sh r ; r ’ ’ ’ su es u e to m a e en um es ta u e to U s et t o h ew o ff , k q j , p ’ s u i to s ew s t t ta u l e a t o i t a fi re , , i ch f fi, l gh s ui e res ent a t ve to a o et , r p i g , p ck ’ ’ m o f a n a n ma s a i a s ea m m. ta a a i st o a g , ( l g , ch i l s uitu u e e nt Vi e ro ta a ta ma n p , r g , c y g ,

142 VOCABULARY

’ ta u a mi oto nu to e en s ome th e e w en w , d f d by chi f h gro n U p o ne ; to vindica te S h e is continua lly g ua rded by tau as o n th e oun s f t , bli d y g girl o h e com ’ ta u a tu to n a t e a nnou n e m un t a nd is s t t a , i dic , c , i y ric ly t p u . ) ' ' m ent on tau ou s a nu n i p , ’

ta u a u s ou e n . ta u u l e u l e to a v s e , h ld r ( ) p p , d i ta ua ve to a e a ta us a a ea , c rry , b r g , y r ta uemu t o m o e e s o f a t ta us a mi a o a , ck , d rid , c f g , h lid y ta uemu a e s on ta us to n U e u a te t o g , d ri i i , bri g p , d c ; ta u a i ea nu t o t nu s e t o b e a n ou s wo f f , Spi r xi , rry to e s teem one t o Obey a n o rde r tt e es s e s o n ta us i ta ma nu s e n li l , d pi , c r , r ( . ) ’ ’ ta u a zo o to b e s u p s e ta us u a i t o vex a n e to s t f f , r ri d , , g r ; ir ta u a ita i to ow u on t f g , h l p c flic ' ta u ua to n u e in e ta ta u ta i s e ma n f , i d lg idl lk , , fi h r wa s te wo s ta uta la t o ea a es s rd , Sp k , ddr ta u a t oo ta u ta o to o e a out g , gif Of f d g , gr p b ta u a a i o to s et th e s un l a ul a u t o a n g g f , ( , h g ta u a ta ea e ens ve ta u te t o ea t e -wo g , d r , xp i , ( chi f rd) ’ ta u o é ea ta u tino ea s t n t g fi , ch p , cl r , di i c ta ut a wa es t o ewa e a o en , p y , g r rd Sp k p ly ta u t m a s ui t o e a t o ta e ta ut o t o s wea v ow to S ea , r p y , k , r , ; p k even e en re e o e s omeone r g rev ge ( n . ) b f r trib ution ta u l a a oa t t es t mon s o emn g , h , i y , l ’ ta u is il u a t o cut in two om i s e , p r ’ ta u a a n o ta utu os s n l , ch r , g ip ( . ) ’ ta u l a oa lf t o t ow a wa ta u tu a m a n -s e va nt f , hr y , r ’ ta u l a itu m a a n ta u tu u ua t o l a e s , gici f , y gg t - m e ta u a a t a x ut n . a uva e oot o n a nt ea ves l g , , d y ( ) , f r Of l ’ ’ ' ’ ta ul e a le a o r ta u l el e a out tov m s e va nt t o s e ve , , y h , i , r r ’ l a d te a ma to ea s e o s a en a d , c f r k ( j ’ ta ulima a e et te i to b e tene a s ton s e , br c l , frigh d , i h d ’ ta u lo olo o t o e a m e te tei ne g g , d cl i , r ci , , girl e tu e te o s u u l c r i , lph r ’ ' ta uma a t o e a t e e e te is z a tt e f , , f d (chi f , li l wo te e a e r ea t mu rd) l , l rg , g ch ' " tciuma a i to tr ta e a ns te e u s tom - ou s e nt o u e f , y , k p i , l , c h (i r d c d s tu dy word) ta umua o e - a t b o w o f o a t telona us toms o e , f r p r , ( b , , c ffic r

etc . te a t o a n e oo ) p , gl c , l k ’ ’ ta umu h s te n o f a ves s e tete e a tu to s en a to , r l , d b ck ta unuu to u t o b e rea s e es s t o s e , f lfil li d r i , Op p to a ea to a tta n to tetemu ea t pp r ; i , dr d frigh a ve tea t o e a e to ea n rri , pr p r cl , ’ ’ ta u o olo t o b e oa s e u s o s t o a o n , h r , h ky p li h d r ’ ta u a o o e m a n rim teu a o na ment ne p , b rd r, rgi , g , r , fi ry ‘ ’ u wa t ow a wa tau ou v n vi a e e a u t . t a t o s a p , irgi , ll g b y i i , p h y , hr y ’ ’ Th e ett es t m a o f a t et e to u t to s it to e ( pr i id i i , p rid

a e is e e te a nd a o e t a a n n . to ee a n vill g s l c d d pt d ig , p i ( ) f l p i SAMOAN - E N GLISH 143 t a l e mana va s toma -a e io to t ow in mu the s a me ig , ch ch gi , hr ch t a a ri n o f s m a nne a s a ete ow n il , y rd ( ggi g hip ) r crick r b li g w con t o iol a e e a n om n t m es s en e wh o s ft s . ili , g r i ly g , p l dg r ( ) ’ ve s m es s a es neWs etc . to t o i a xe a t et y g , , , , , h ch a e s on to l a ua i to s t e a m p r p , rik c p t nd m ot e t o to a t e uit om b i i , h r li , g h r fr fr g t no o o s e ea t ees i , b dy , c rp cl rly , r di s t n t e n te w en t ol oa w - u i c ly, d fi i ly ( h , ild d ck ’ ’ un n ma s u s e w t ve s a s ta utino t o oo o . a n d i h rb , , l i , y g ( ) (Of i l )

i loa tino etc . tonu t u e u s t t s t a t , ) , r , j , righ , r igh , ’ t ne t o e t n u s t o est o d e t i i , x i g i h d r y ir c ’ ’ ti o to o t o s too to ona i to ea n U on or a a ns t , g l , l p , g i , tio t o s ee e a a ve a ute a n e t , cl rly , h c Obj c ’ ’ v s on to oto o wa n -s t i i , lki g ick ’ ’ tio a ta m o a s s to otu li to ne e , irr r ; gl , k l ' ‘ t t o cu t tos aito e e e of a n ip i , , fi ld , pi c l d t o o em on tos o to a w u out ip l , l , dr , p ll ’ t u ta wom en s ot n totini s to n s ip , cl hi g , cki g ’

t ta m a wee n . l oto oo i , d ( ) , bl d t t na t o s t a n e t ott e tdtfi a e nt a i s i i , r gl , hr l g , r l t t a o n - ot u s e w en a t toto i ewa wa es a m ent i i , l i cl h d h g , r rd , g , p y wo toto i a tu t o a o m ens a te rk g , p y , c p td to a nt ta le t o ee a w , pl , cr p , cr l t o t o en a w ul toto ve a t us , Op , dr , p l l , yph ' a a ve a d o - mne v ne a nt o u to . to e , br ( j ) c ck bird , i y rd (i r d c d ’ to a t o u e on ea eez e wo , c rdl , c g l , fr rd)

toa s a a n e n . a n til t o s ta n to et u s e , g r ( ) gry , d g p , ri ’ toa ta ma i t o b e a n e e tu us tom a s on , g r d , c , f hi toa tel e m u m a n tu a oute a t a um a n , ch , y , r p r b ck (h ) toe a a n ema n n a tua a ne S s te a ot e , g i r i i g b ck f fi , i r Of br h r wa s tu a a ne ot e a s s te rd g , br h r Of i r toe a a ema n e res 1d u e tu a to es ta te s ow a te ig , r i d r , i , h i ; l ; l ’ ‘ to es e t o a w out tna ot ou n a m t ne , dr , b d ry , li i ; igh toe oi ma t t o etu n o m e a ou f , r r , c b ck b r ’ toe tu u ma t t o ve a tuas vi m ounta n - a n e , gi b ck , i , i r g etu n ta a ta a t o s tr ute r r f f , di ib ' ' to a w aina a e we ta a a wo ma n a ou e f , f f r ll f g , rk , l b r r - to a a a e e a t n . l a u u a t a e ous e ui e s f g , pi c , p r ( ) f g f f l , h b ld r to to to to vi e o s s es s tu u a oto e o me a t s t fi , fi fi , di d , p , f g p , p rf r r , r i ’ s t ute a t n . ro t u a oto to ito i ma a s u di rib p r ( ) p uf g p g g , c lp p erty tor i ’ to u t o d tu i t o s t n o n . f , p , i g , prick f rk ( ) ’ to a ette ua t m a t ma e of tu i to no ta s t n g , b r q li y d , k ck , p i g , th e ne e s e n fi r fibr p rickl ( . ) ‘ ’ to a ti' t o e unnin tti i a t o us ow g fi , rick , d dg , c g , p h , cr d ’ - n . me ne eme tu z a o s m t na ma e ( ) dici , r dy f , i h ( il k r) ' ’ to cil a ua i ca m n - a e im ea a o nment a g p , mg pl c gd , h d d r Of lo lo to not or a ve in e ow o ou a e a a t on gi gi , ch , c r y ll c l r ( p r p r i st one Of cora l lime) worn only by 144 VOCABULARY

’ e s a s m a oo n - a s s tu u to a o w l et l et o chi f ll l ki g gl , ll , , g , a nd s ome v a rieg a te d fea the rs a b a n don ’ o m ete th e e o a t on tu u a tu t o s m s s ive u c pl d c r i , di i g p ’ ’ ta a e t o u s e s u a s tu u a t t o ut a e ip l , br i , q h , p , pl c ’ ’ t o no a t tu u a i u a t o s a n e k ck f , l d r ’ ' tu a a tu u u a one e m t o s a e n l , b ld f , l ly, p y, f r k ’ ’ tu a to s e et u tu u dl a me a a n es t l i , ri , g p g p , c dl ick ’ ’ tu l a ono l a w tu u a ma a e ou s s tone f , g , p r ci ’ tu li a ma nu u nt n tu u a ma u a ve t om g , h i g g , gr , b tu t o ve a wa u nt o s a e n li , dri y, h f r k ’ tul iloa t o u s u e e s e ute tu u ma i o s a en , p r , p r c , f r k ’ ’ ‘ tul ima ta i t o o ow w t the tu a mu a t o o a , f ll i h , g b ck ’ e es tu u ao o e e e y p , b rd r, dg ’ ’ tu u a m e v s o n tu u o a n a o nt e t m e l , iddl di i i p , pp i d i ’ ’ ’ m d n t 0 la tu u a a 16 ea tu u toto i t o o a for i igh , l g , g b il , ma k p o gua ra nt ee ’ ’ ’ tu u on t me en es s tu utu u i o to l et own owe l i , l g i , dl f , d , l r ’ tu l u i a s e va nt e nd 11 g , r ; ( ) tu u a oa t l l , b tuma u t o o out to e s is t , h ld , p r , en u e a s t 11 a ow d r , l , rr tumu t o u e u to te , fill f ll fill d , bi tumu tumu to s u mm t u ee us , p , i , r d , r h tu na eel a f en e s a n a to o o , , O f c , c d l l k tunoa t en o o e mo os e , ki ch , c k ry r tu nu t o oo m e t t o a s t a o ne o a s ne w oo , c k , l ; c , ck , c ll r ; i ; bl d ves e a n n (meta l) s l r i ( . ) ta e m one u a a le ea v owe a n p , y , h y Sh r Of r i tu u t o o ri na te ow u a a own o u o f a n p , gi , gr g , d p r r i tu u n u a m a w me p , ki g , ’ ’ tu u a s ta tue m s te en m a a o ma a a wi u s t f ne p , y ry , ig , lf l i f ck ’ ta u a a a e u ma n es een u a ma e o n ue o p l g , r c (h ) , d l , c q r r a nt s u a mea on d , ir ’ tus a t o b e wo t t o b e e u a o a te , r h , lik , p , l e s em e ua l wa t t me e e r bl i , ch ( i pi c ) ’ tus a a va us t a s e ven a s ua to a a e ta t on l , j , , h il ( p r cipi i ) tus a ma e ua e a o n u a ous e o ves s e , q l , lik ; cc rdi g f , h h ld l t o u oo ove to ove fi , r f c r , lid c r

tus i to w te ett e o o u u mata ve n . , ri l r, b k fi fi , il ( ) tus i o le a ita l a u e on n wt t o o f , r ck i g , , g a ount a t a tu t o o t ou a os s cc , g hr gh , cr ’ ’ tus a a B e u z a m to a s s i p i , ibl , p by ta s 'ita s i w te va e a te u i a wa s a nd a s ons , ri r ri g d g , y f hi e a d . uii ou n e ot ( j) , y g r br h r h ht fi re a m e tn n e tu tu t o tc . u a , g ( , l p , ) il , ligh i g ; bicycl tri m to a e tos s a id t o a out , Sh k , , cry , c ll ’ tu tfi es e to st e off no O ff a l a to s m o e t o o e , rik , k ck , k j k ’ ’ u u white m a t th e i a ne - a n tfltup up , , a s u l , . h r ck ch i o f w a re cut s o a va te s te u u e ill - e hich h rt a l , pi f l ; r d , br d

146 VOCABU LA R Y

WORDS IN GE N E RAL U SE SYSTE MATICA‘LLY A RRAN GE D

God A tu a Ca t o e ion o tu P o e , h lic r lig , l p e s u s s t es u K eris o ote s t a nt e o n lotu o o J Chri , J Pr r ligi , p r ’ ’ Ho G os t A ta m a i a tes a no ly h , p i a ’ a t o A a a a a r s t a n K eri si a no ( C h lic) ; g g p i Ch i i , ’ P otes ta nt e a t en ta a ta a a a u a u ( r ) h h , g f p p A n e a e u J e w ta a ta J u ta ia g l , g l , g e v tid olo o s e ta a e e D il , p g p l , l l l i Hea ve n l a Te s t a m e nt ea a i a , gi , f g g He s co i el o Old Te s ta m e nt ea a i a tu s i ll , li f , f g g a a s e a r a ta is o N ew Te s ta m ent ea a i a ou P r di , p , f g g f ’ o a d s é s e m o n a u a h ly , p i ; r , l g o e t ero el a a e ta ta lo pr ph , p f p r y r , ’ a o s t e a os etel o a t a a tu a tu a p l , p f i h , f u a s a o m m u n t o ve a lo a Ch rch ( c i y) , l , f ’ ek a es a h O e a a moemoe l i p , f u b u n a te s ci s in a a s a l a ch rch ( ildi g ) , f , g ’ es t a i e a u u wo s i v ne s e v e p ri , f f p blic r h p ; di i r ic , P a te P a tele r , nu n ta u ou s ci a e - o o tus l otu , p p r y r b k , i e io n lo tu o a ea s t ta us a m i a r lig , h lid y , f , g

’ wo l a lol a i ful m oo n mds ina a toa toa rld , g l , Hea ven a s ta etlZ , l gi r , j s u n Id e s ta etil til , fix d r , f m oon mas na s oot n s ta etii e e n , i h i g r , f l l (fl yi g ) ’ ’ ea t l a l ol a i e c l s e o f th e m oo n as e ele e e r h , g ip , g l ’ ’ ’ ’ s o o u n o a el e ele e e el e s u ns et ow a ta a ta il , gr d , f g l , gl , t u s o f a wn ta a ma ia ta dir bl h d , f m o n n s ta eta a o om et us a l oa r i g r , f c , p ’ s un s e o l e ma a ma o Ie ta ea e e a s t s a s ae ri , l , ’ s u ns et o le oto o 16 l a we s t s s o , g , i if t ma l a ma l a ma s out s a u te t l u 2 To a ligh , h , g ' e s e s u t ou liu li no t m a tu clip , Ob c ri y , p r h , a e s a ow a olo o ri z o n ta a ta a a Sh d , h d , p h , f f i l gi e c s e o f th e s u n as etoto ou a o lip , g cl d , new m oon mds ina o u na tu e a , f r , l gi ENGLISH - SAMOAN 147

’ ‘ a ir ea s a v l o ost ma liilfi ma a h l i , i i c ld , fr , fi re a s u mme va itoel a u , fi r , " ' ' a m e mama o la w nte va i a lblo fl , i r , p ’ s m o e as u ea t u a e ma ui e k , r hq k , f s tea m a s u a us a a n t mu u a t mu a , r i , i , , i g ' s now k ona m ve , i , ’ t u n e s to m a ititil i a l a a ia h d r r , f h i , d ‘ t u n e a fititili s to m u a ne a a h d r, f r , h rric , f tn n u a w n ma t ligh i g , il i d , agi a n b ow nua nua ee z e s a v r i , br , ili fo m s t a us a to t a fi re ta u l e a g , i , figh , f fi wa t e s u d in ene a t o u n mu r , ( g r l ) b r , ’ ’ o a u a lu e woo a ié dr p , l fir d , f f ’ ice s a dio u oa k a o a , c l , l d ew s a u a oa mdldld , ch rc l , ea t h ot wea t e vevela h , h r,

l ’ ’ s a n nu u mom a n s o e a uva i l d , b k , h r , ont nent k om tinete s ea wa s ta i i a ta c i , rd , i , g i ’ ’ a n nu u a tunu u a n wa s i u ta i a uta l d , l d rd , , g s ea s a m m oa na ee lol oto , i , d p , ’ o ea n moa na s d us a u to s wim a a u c , , o ove ve a s a a a ve a na f rd r ri r , g c , t o wa e t ou or ove a s a es e t w e nes s va o d hr gh , r , d r , ild r , ’ d a m d oun a m t tua m , p b d ry, li i , ’ we va i eli a n t a e - a n Ia u a tas i ll , pl i , bl l d , g m ounta n m a u a o a a i , g r ck , p p vo a no m a u a ma S o e e v t to é lc , g l p , d cli i y, f t o s u mm t tumu tumu s a n oneone p , i , d , es t e tu a s vi a ou a vd ta u a a cr , ridg , i h rb r , , l g ’ m ounta n a n e a tuma u a en ns ul a mu nu u i r g , g p i , li m ounta n a t a l a s o o a e va itu l oto i p h , p l k , ’ ’ ma u u e u e o n va ile a , p p p , p hill _ d va e va nu oo s wa m a la a la usi ll y, p l , p , p p , f s t a ts va s a o es t u s vao r i , f r , b h , ’ th e t e is a in u a é l e ia i us v n o es t vao ma ma id f ll g , p b h , irgi f r , ’ ’ th e t e is s n na s ua be ta i wee t ta n a o vao id ri i g , d , i i , ’ wa ve ow a la s ou t ee a a u , bill , g , r , l ’ a a a u o u a n la cliff, cr g , b gh , br ch , oa s t ea ma ta a a e la u c , b ch , f g l af, ve s t ea m va ita e oot o a ri r , r , f r , p g i ’ n we unava i s tone ma a Spri g , ll , p , wa te a a u us t e ue rf ll , j d , f fu VOCABULARY

V

’ ’ time im16 ta m S a tu a a soto ona i , , i i rd y, ’ th e es ent time 0 le ta m d a a s o an a s o s e p r ( ) , i i y , ( ppo d to nez night ) ' the a s t t me 0 l e ta m ni t o p ( i ) , i i gh , p ’ ’ ’ tu a na o a s o a l e va va u mi n t o le tu lua a l e ao ma i d igh , ’ ’ the utu e 0 te ta mi l um a na i 16 a f r , i p ea l a a s a a m o n n ta cao y r , g r i g , mont ma s na m a a oau li h , i idd y , J a nua r J a nua li a te no on e ven n a a y , f r , i g , fi fi e ua Fe ua li to -d a a sonei F br ry , p y , Ma M a t es te a a na na rch , i y rd y , fi A A elile t o -mo o w ta eao p ril , p rr , Ma M e th e d a a te to -mo o w E l ua y , y f r rr , i ‘ u ne J um e a l e s oone a na ma a J , r i r , r , u J u a a t e tua J ly, l i l , i A u us t A ok us o o n t m e eva g , l g ( i ) , l “ S e tem e S etema ou tu a i tu a s o d a p b r , h r, i l ( y ) O to e Ok eto a ou itu d n t c b r , p h r, p ( igh ) N ovem e N ovema wa t t m e e e u a t b r , ch ( i pi c ) , i e e m e Tes ema W a t is th e t m e e e ia l e itu D c b r , h i p f wee va ia s o s é la e e a le va i as o k , p fi ’ S un a a s o 8 6 It is s e ven o o e tu d y, cl ck , fi Mon a a s o a ua m nu te m nute d y , g f i , i ’ Tu es a as olu a mome nt ns t a nt emo 0 le d y , , i , W e n s a a s ola lu ma ta ma l a eemo d e d y , ; T u s a as oto et m e old a e ol a a a la h r d y , fi lif i , g , g , r a a s o a l a ile ea t oti F id y , f d h ,

VI

’ eo e na t on nu u o a ma tion s ila si l ama i p pl , i , p r cl , ’ o e ne a a l a i s es s on o f th e ou t a a ma s i no a f r ig r , p p g i c r , f g na tive n a ta nt ta a ta u e u s t e of the e a e i h bi , g j dg , j ic p c , ’ ’ ’ a te nu u f a a ma s z no ' s a ve ta a ta no o olo a t o a us e mo z a tu l , g f p g cc , l n tu u ui t a as a la ki g , p g l , g ue en mas io o a w e low q , f l y r, n e a la o l e tu u m e o f en e s a la p ri c , p cri , f c , ' n om ma é hi e no e a l ki gd , l c f, bl , ii a ta t o r town la umua o e to a c pi l ci y, , ffic , fig own a e a o a l to o le ma lfi cr , p l lii ffici , fi ' e s a t ve a s s em ono ove nm ent ma é l gi l i bly, f g r , l ’ u s t e a a m aoni m n st e a u e j ic , f i i r, f ip l ’ n u s t e a a lé maoni ove no k ova no i j ic , f g r r, ’ e o e ent s d itu u Vic r y, r g , p

15 0 VOCABULARY

ou s e a e us on ow a l i a u a h , f l c hi , pill , , l g oo a e a u a b ox es t us a r f, f l l g , ch , p o o a itotoa m o tw a ta d r , f irr r , ’ ’ ’ s t a a s e a l a a a e a z m os u to -net ta ina mu irc , f p f q i , o m oun ou t lotod t en a to umu c p d , c r , ki ch , p i , ’ wa d ve a n a oletzto ll , p r d , p ’ ne ou za o os et a e m ighb r, d i cl , f l ’ oom otu ot a n a nt u lo r , p p , p , p , s tt n - oom otu non o o ove u i i g r , p f c r , lid , fi ’ e oom otu momoe t o nd olo b dr , p gri , ’ a t - oom otu ta e e a s et a to b h r , p l b k , ’ o b a r to oo a a ma u ott e a u l ck , ( d r) , f b l , f g k e k i o momono y , c rk , ’ ’ oo o d e e e e o s ew vi momono fl r , f g l l c rk cr , li ’ win ow a a ma la ma t o o e e a e oo s a un d , f ff r, p r p r ( f d) , i ’ ’ u ta n ie a a ma l a ma s ow td noa c r i , f di h , b l , oa a n l au a a ta e -na n s oloi u tu b rd , p l k, p p bl pki , g s tove oven o d umu n e na i , , g k if , fi ewoo a é o tui fir d , f fi f rk , oa k a o a s o on u nu c l , l p , p a oa mdld l d u nt u ma ta tu a ch rc l , bl , d ll , p ’ a n es t e ta s a ma a i c dl ick , p li h rp , ’ a m l a me a molt a te i u a i l p , p , pl , p ’ il s u du u c u i u ti o , p , p t a e a u a u a s s i u ma l a ma l a ma bl , l l gl , p a n o oa ri n n - a s s tu m e i u inu ch ir , f d ki g gl , bl r, p e t of a we s us etos o a s s in ene a l tioa ta ch s dr r , p gl ( g r ) , moe a b ed , g

’ oo mea e a i ve -eel tuna f d , ri r , o nou s a a a s ea ee l us t ri h , f f g , p i ’ ’ t o ea t a i t u t e l a umet , r l , ’ ’ m ea e a s t a z a a a aua t l , r p , g cr b , l e en n m ea nne ta li as ua e a is a v i g l , di r , g ric , l b e t st a inu ea a la oa a rcto t o hir y , fi br d , f , ’ b e un a a i ece of ea s e as t a l a oa t o h gry, fi pi br d , f f o ew mama a mu utte a ta t ch , , l b r, p ‘ ’ s ou s u o ia s u a ons st n o f ees e s ua sus fi to a p , p , p (c i i g ch , o oa nut -m s ta a nd m s u as us fi c c ilk , rch , ilk , wa te uit ua r) fr , f uluma ta u e u dmoa mea t , p gg , f ’ ’ fa t a on a o a e oto , b c , g c k , p i ’ s h i a s a t mas ma fi , l , i ’ ' ’ mon s a ma m oil s uau u s a l , , E N GLISH - SAMOAN 15 1

u - n vine a vi neta s a a e , tolo g r, g r c s u a s uk a n , e ve a e inuma a g r , dri k b r g , g one melt wa te va i h y, r , ’ o oa nut m a w ne u a tna c c , i , ’ ’ a na na a i s tu ous u o a va a a l a i b , f piri liq r, p p g ta o ta lo ee i a r , b r , p ’ o a n e moli a ina o o a te s iok ol a ta r g , ch c l , ea - u t u lu o ee ha ve br d fr i , c ff , ma z e s a na tea ti i , ,

’ ot n o u n ma ma cl hi g , f ri g , ’ to a w on ot es es s o u a e et ta ultma dr (cl h ) , dr , f , br c l , o n - ot a va a va l i cl h , l l ’ t o a w out e t a t ta ta l a es e ne et u l a dr , x r c , , ckl , ’ to es e l ook of a s o e o a h ir , p , f g oa t eleue o n m ent ne teu c , p r a , fi ry , ’ e a t - oa t o u te e om s e u gr c , f l c b , l o a ua fl -fla ue c ll r , y p , f ’ ’ s tu ot te wo m a n s othi n t uta ff, cl h , cl g , ip o et ta a a a n a l e p ck , g g rl d , p ’ utton a a ma u ve u u ima ta b , f il , fi f ’ “ t o utton u a a ma u wa s n u s t wa s e ta b p , f hi g (j h d) , ’ wa st oa t tao o u wa s n s o e ot es i c , f hi g ( il d cl h ) , ’ ’ ’ t ou s e s o uva e e e e e r r , f l l ’ ‘ s i t o u t n o t o wa s ot es ta h r , f i h (cl h ) , ’ s to in s totine wa s e ta a ta td o u ck g , h r, g f ’ s oe oot s e eva e ma o h , b , dry , g ’ ea t e a u wet s um? l h r , p , h a t u ou t o on s moot d u , p l ir , h , li ’ ' o ve s e eltma t o tea ri mds a e gl , r , p , u s ta ulima so a molt c ff , p p , o et a n e e solos olo s ta mas od p ck h dk rchi f, rch , ’ wa t ua t s c s s o s s ele u lu ch , i i r , ’ ’ ’ wa n -s t to oto o to s ew s t t s u i lki g ick , , i ch , ’ ’ s a e s e en a a ma l u ne e e m l a h d , cr , f dl , e u tu a a a a in ne pip , f g , p ip p , p i a a a t ea l o cig r , p ip hr d , fi ’ ’ ’ ’ to a o ta a a s ewin -m a ne ta a u s u t u b cc , p g chi , s i fa n , ili XII

’ o e ea mua ulu f r h d , e e a y , ma t e e i ta uma ta y l d , e e ows ul u u l uma ta y br , f f tea o lotma ta r ( dr p ) , 15 2 VOCABULARY n os e is u o dis u m us e a n o as e , , p g cl , g ee a ld a u o s om a ta ata ch k , f b , f f tem e tut ma ni n ea s ts s us u pl , fi tfi br , e a r ta a t u n o t no , lig r k , b dy , i m out utu s tom a mana va h , g ch , l i l a u u tu l e va e p , g g , t on u e l a ul a u a iva t o a va e g , f high , g ’ t oa t a n a a i nee tu va e hr , l ry x, f k , li t oot n o a of l e a tcvae h , if c lf ( g) , ea a va oot va e b rd , f , ’ ne u a t oe ta ma tva e ck , , na e o f th e ne u a s o e of th e oot a l o va e p ck , l f , fi ’ s ou e ta u a n s ne w ten on ua h ld r , i , d , a tu a ne ve neum b ck , r , ’ s n a u oo toto ki , p bl d , a rm ttma ea t tu loto a s s ea t of , h r , f a ( t a r m ma ta uma ta u a s s ons righ , li p i ) e t a rm ma ta ua a va l e ve n a t e u a l f , li g i , r ry, ' o nt of m a u a ona ivi un s m dmci j i li b , g g , p l g , e ow tu ltltma e a t ea t n ma na va lb , br h , br hi g , a n ma m a w s to m a uta h d , li , ch , p a m o f th e a n a l o lima ve a te p l h d , fi li r , ’ ’ n e ta ma t lima a e d a fi g r , g ll , bil , ’ t u m ma ma tua i ne a tu a o h b , li k d y, f g ’ ’ fi n e r -na a t ma iu u ntes t nes a a u g il , igi , i i , g ’ fi s t u u s a l va ea nu a , i , f g w s t ta ut mu s t en t matos i ri , p i r g h , hi s uil a a l a a wea nes s va va p , p p k , i i ' s e ittt s ee moe id , l p , ivi a s o rib ,

’ e ol a vom tin a i lif , i g , p u ‘ ea t oti ons um t on md ma a le d h , c p i , p ' ’ ' ea t ma lb lb n a mm a t on mu 0 te mdmd h l h , i fl i , ’ ’ ’ nes s md i e em es t en e a a ma i ill , pid ic , p il c , f a n t a s woon a nt n -fit ma ta o ia p i , ig , f i i g , p g ' ’ ’ ea a e t a o l e u lu a m onvu s ons ma i ma u h d ch , ig cr p , c l i , li ’ ou ta e woun ma nu a c gh l d , ’ eve ma i vevel a ul e a s es s a a la f r, c r , b c , p p ’ ’ s i ve s o fit ma t ma a ltti s a tli a noa h r , c ld , c r , g ' s m a l o l u a m a a l a i r eu ma t s m u u lp x , p p p g h i , g g m a tte us a ou n ma ta ivt ta u as o r , p , l bli d , , a m enes s s u a um fi fi l , p d b , g g i a e a ta ta t o m s etus etu d rrh , li p , s ent e s a na to bo e il dy ry , crippl p ip i

15 4 VOCABULARY

’ ' t a e a n a t a tva me a n ta a mli a r d , h dicr f , f ch ic , fi ’ wo m a n tu u a ta nne ta a ta a t a u ma nu rk , f g r, g f p ’ ’ wo a l ue a m e ta a ta a u a to rk g g ill r, g j ’ too a iva mi olo l , f ll , ’ ’ o ne ma ta is a u m s tone ma a olo j i r, ill , a ente ta a a a t a te m ea a la oa mata c rp r , f g f f l , f ’ ’ s m t tu t a o na l -ma e ta o ta a ta a t o u i h , f ( i k r) il r, g f f a mme s a ma a a e a t a l a oa h r, l b k r , f f ’ n e s i o ut e a st ma nu pi c r , fi b ch r, f s a w ili ott e tu u a a t i u a mea , p r , f g f p s ew a ovili nte lomttus t cr , f p ri r , na a o w te e ta s ta s il , f ri r, cl rk , i i ! VII

’ t a e mer a nt ta a ta a a ta u oot mea s u e utu r d r , ch , g f f ( r ) , f ’ t o t a e a a ta u oun a una r d , f p d , p ’ to b u a a ta u ma i m one tu e y , f y , p ’ t o s e a a ta u a tu o o n tu e a u o ll , f g ld c i , p r ea ta u o é s ve o n tu e a rto ch p , g fi il r c i , p ea ta u a ta s n s e en d r, g hilli g , l i ’ s to e S h O a te ol oa a te oa enn ent r , p , f , f p y , p me a n s e ol oa o a ta a rch di , d ll r , l m a et ma l a e ent s eneta k eneta rk , c , , e ta u to a n e e a n e liu p ric , ch g , xch g , a ment toto t ette tus i p y , g l r, ’ a ount tus i 0 It: a ita l a u e nve o e w a e teutus t cc , bill , f l p , r pp r , t e ltta m ea s u e we t ua li r , r igh , f met e meta a a n e a of s a es ua r , b l c , p ir c l , f

! VIII

’ a me o le t6t6 a nua e o l a u f r r, j h rd , fl ck , f to a m ta e on ea s e ma u s e e e s ma n cotea f r , k l , h ph rd , h rd , l toto i s ta e l a tod g bl , a nt n ma uma a unt n tuli a mu pl i g , g h i g , g e a nua to unt a s e tul ma nu fi ld , f h , ch , i ma nu e un otaota unte s o ts ma n ta a ta tu r , d g , h r, p r , g li plough s uotosina ma nu to ou s uo tta te a nua o es t us va o pl gh , f f r , b h , s ee S dtto s e man ta uta i d , fi h r , ' a ve s t o s eles eles aito fi s h - oo ma ta u h r , cr p , h k , t o a ves t s eles ele a en toa a h r , g rd , g a rn s e a te s dito a ene ta a ta teuteu toa a b , h d , f g rd r, g g ’ s t a w a utu s dito a xe to i r , p , h a mut a ma o y , i g E N GLISH - SAMOAN 15 5

a n ma ma nu e a e a eto i l , gl , ’ e s n a u eon ove u e hid , ki , p pig , d , l p a u l u u lu h en m oa h ir, f f , ’ ’ t a tu s t us t u cock toa il , , , , ’ ou - oote a n ma ma nu t o ow vtvtm f r f d i l , cr , ea a ros a u a to b r, d ck , p ‘ d o matle ult w - u tol oa g , , ild d ck , ca t us t s ea - u o o , p g ll , g g ’ on eona e on ma tu u li , l h r , a w a tt tva e s ta l n uta cl g r i g , f ’ m ou s e tmoa a ot s e as a moa , p rr , g r a t ts umu o wl l u u , , l ’ a t ha e r a t fis h t a r bbi , r , p i i , ’ i a a e el tu na p g , p u , o s e s olo a nu a s a ma te h r , f h rk , l ’ oo a tt tva e s a w-fi s h s a o a h f, g , l ’ on e (is tnt utt e -fi s h - e e d k y, c l , f s ta at a s na e a ta g , l k , g r oe ee tta t u t e l a umet , d r , r l , ox u l uma k a u z a tlt , p li rd , p ’ u ovt o a eet e m o a mo a b ll , p p b l , g g cow ovt a ne a nt lot , p f fi , ’ a ta ma t ovt b ee l a omelt c lf, p , g ’ oa t ott one me t g , h y, l s ee mamoe wa s l a omumu h p , p , g ma nu ele u a ma nu utte e e lel e u a bird , l ( pl r l , b rfly, p p , f ’ elcle t a te a wo m a na e j ) c rpill r , r , f nes t o a a na t mos u to na mu , f g g , q i , ’ win a a a u a rova w o g , p fly , g , g ea u m s e a o dleveleve bill , b k , g pid r , p g ’ ea t e s o ulu sco ion a ta l a va f h r , f rp ,

’ a nt Ia a u d emon tt olo pl , p ’ ’ t ee a a u o a n e molta tna r , l r g , ’ ’ oot o a b rea d fruit t ee ulu r , p g i f r , ’ a a u ta o ta la b rk , p r , ou a n l a nea e a l a b gh , br ch , pi ppl , f ea l a u s u a - a ne to lo l f, g r c , b ud ua e l é ma ta a e k l s a , f l ric , i os s om u a s et a z e s a na bl , f g , m i , ’ t o a o ta a a b cc , p ’ a na na a t a m u b , f y , fi me on es t e e i l , P , P cocoa nut- a m ntu oni on a ma m p l , , cocoa nut o o a s s mutta , p p gr ,