' Gra mmar a nd Vo ca bula ry OF THE Samoan La ngu a ge i Together w th Rem arks on s ome of th e P oint s of Simil arity between the S a moan a nd th e Tahitian a nd M a or i Langu ages ”0 BY 4 H N E FFGE N . 0 Tr a nsl a ted f r om Ik e Ger ma n A R N LD B ST CK O . O London KEGA N PAU L TRE N CH TRUBN ER & C 0 Ltd , , . Broadwa H ous e 68— 74 Carter Lane C y , , , E . 1 9 1 8 C ONTE NTS P A GE INTR ODUCTION P RONUNCIATION WORD SYSTEM AR TICLE NOUN DECLENSION ADJECTIVE COMP A R A TIVE SUPERLATIVE P O O P E R S ON A L R N UNS , P OSSESSIVE RELATIVE INTER R OGATIVE INDEFINITE REFLE! IVE THE VERB THE OPTATIVE Moon THE SU BJU N CTI VE Moon THE INFINITIVE Moon THE P ARTICIPLE THE MEDIUM FORM IRREGULAR VE R R S THE AU! ILIARY VE R Bs THE COMPOUND VERBS i v . Contents P A GE THE CARDINAL NUMERALS THE ORDINAL NUMERALS FRACTIONS MULTIPLICATION NUMERALS THE P REPOSITIONS ADVERBS OF P LACE ADVERBS OF TIME OTHER ADVERBS CONJUNCTIONS WORDS ONLY USED WITH REFERENCE TO CHIEFS Y ! Y O S NTA , AND RULES APPL ING T IT THE ADJECTIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES SELECTIONS FOR READING REMARKS ON SOME OF TH E P OIN TS OF SIMILARITY BETWEEN TH E SAMOAN AN D TH E TAH ITIAN AN D MAoRI LANGUAGES TAHITIAN MAORI SELECTIONS FOR R EADING TAHITIAN MAORI VOCABULARY ENGLISH- SAMOAN SAMOAN- ENGLISH WORDS IN GENERAL U S E SYSTEMATICALLY AR RANGED GR A MMA R SA MOA N LA N GU A GE INTR OD U CTI ON TH E a moa n is a a n of Ma la - ol n a n l a n ua S br ch the y P y esi g ge , which is S prea d over the whole isla nd world Of the Pa cific a n om Ma a a a to ou A m a a nd to Oce fr d g sc r S th eric , is be oun a r ou dia l in M l a n a n Ma l a a n f d (with its v i s ects) the e esi , y , a n ol n a ou of l a n one of u d P y esi n gr ps is ds . It is the n merou s Polynesia n tongu es which a re in us e over the ea stern a nd ou a n a a of Ma l a - ol n a x ndi n rOiI hl s th e ster re y P y esi , e te g , g y , e l a a la from N w Z ea a nd to the H wa ii n Is nds . From the sta ndp oint of gra mma r the Polynesia n l a n ua a nno a a s on a nd l of g ges c t be reg rded str g , few etters l a e a a re the a ph bet a r u tilized . D nd B never u sed R a nd K a re Of a oc u n a nd n onl in H , , r re c rre ce , the y l o a words tha t ha ve been introduced . Al w rds h ve a vowel m na on a nd mol o a l o m a r e ons u ter i ti , their ety gic f r s c tr cted ' m o m n of a l a a .to oo by the e pl y e t p rtic es tt ched the r ts , o m n a lu na or ol n o thereby f r i g gg ti tive p ysy thetic w rds , the pa rticles being sometimes stru ng one a fter the other ’ o For xa l u ou a n n n n . m a a thr gh t e tire se te ce e p e f , ’ ’ ’ to a u a nd uma u a ll a a uma to fin m na c se , , q ite , f , ish , ter i te a to ll n 737 m to n a inu to s fi , be wi i g ; , dri k ; fi , be thir ty ; ’ ’ ’ ’ a a to n u o o to o a a o o to l a a nd f , i d ce ; , g f , e d , s o on. 2 INTRODUCTION Th e Sa moa n a lpha bet is c omprised of onl y fourteen l — five o l a u a nd n n on ona n etters v we s , , e , i , O , , i e c s ts , l m n v — h a nd onl o u n in o f , g , , , , p , s , t , , , k , r y cc rri g w rds f n o n a s a ura ol a reto a k o o t . f reig rigi , , g d ; , bre d ; , key The la n ua now on a n ma n n o u o g ge c t i s y i tr d ced w rds , or less distorted by a dded vowel s a nd substituted con in o to na l na to a ul a ona n m . s ts , rder e b e the tive rtic te the P R ONU NCIA TI ON V OWE L S A is prono unce d like a in fa ther E a fa te I i ma chine 0 O note U u flute Diphthongs a r e a little more strongly ac centua ted tha n l a n a o l onou a a l in E n d n . g ish , e ch v we is pr ced sep r te y o dia a l — W n . n n u he writte , h wever , the critic sig is sed , l a o a k a etymol ogica consider ti ns m ing this necess ry . In ' l a of wa s o m l a on ona n w now p ce the there f r er y c s t , hich ’ ’ ' - f E a) . ua a ha s on out o us e . a d a i O g e p , pig (p ) ; , ’ - vi u u fis t if N . there ( , ( ) C ON S ON A N TS a F is pronounced the sa me s in E nglish . ha s the soun of n in s in er a nd 18 on l G d g g , never str g y o enuncia md l k the n i n ou n er . E x” ta i i e g y g g , weep , cry — — a n eno k on n eno . t gi ; g , bec g L m n a nd a ll a a m onun a on a s , , , p , s , v h ve the s e pr ci ti in E nglish . T a l a oun a s in E n l x in a I is w ys s ded g ish , e cept few lac in a moa m l k due uma l p es S , where it rese b es , , pres b y , to n u n of a o n on u a t om o e the i fl e ce f reig t g e s e rem t period . s not to a a s a ul but m l a ro Thi is be reg rded r e , ere y p li vincia s m . There a re no double consona nts in Sa moa n; but every 3 4 PRONUN CIATION on ona n oll o a o l n in o n o c s t is f wed by v we , eve f reig pr per E x P e . tem na m . es , Peter E o m na w a o l co very w rd ter i tes ith v we , thereby n u n a l to of n a nd a u of la n a trib ti g gre t y the s t ess be ty the gu ge . Proper na mes a r e the onl y words wr itten with a ca pita l l etter . The penultima te sylla bl e is the one on which the a n mo u ua ll a ll but om m ma l a cce t st s y f s , s eti es it y be p ced o la or on om la in a o n the st sec d fr st , which c ses it is sh wn ow l to a . E 93 a ok o n . ta ma by str e ver the v e be cce ted , md a ta/mciloa ll o mdna ia b o tu . y ; , f ther ; , fe w ; , pretty l Mo or n m or . st w ds begi with f , , , p , t So fa r a s the gra mma r a nd synta x of the la ngua ge a re on ne a re in a a of a moa n c cer d they reflected the ch r cter the S , who a mia l on a nd n l .