THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN On the rights of manuscript ABSTRACT of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy SCIENTIFIC, LITERARY AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF GULAMRZA SABRI TABRIZI Specialty: 5716.01 – Azerbaijani literature Branch of science: Philology Applicant: Kifayat Aliheydar Mammadova Baku – 2021 1 Dissertation was performed at Department of South Azerbaijani Literature of the Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Philology, professor Teymur Akbar Ahmadov Official opponents: Doctor of Philology, professor Elman Hilal Guliyev Doctor of Philology, associate professor Naila Abdul Samadova Doctor of Philology, associate professor Saadet İlyar Vahabova Dissertation council ED 1.05 of Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at the Institute of Literature after Nizami Ganjavi, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Chairman of the Dissertation council: Academician, Doctor of philology, professor Isa Akbar Habibbayli Scientific secretary of the Dissertation Council: Ph.D. in Philology, associate professor Ismikhan Mahammad Osmanli Chairmen of the scientific seminar: Doctor in Philology, associate professor Alizade Bayram Asgarli 2 GENERAL NATURE OF WORK Relevance and studying degree of the research issue. The strengthening communication and integration with the world as a result of collapse of the Soviet Union in the late twentieth century, re- independence of Azerbaijan, the downfall of socialist realism as a single creative method for art, abolition of censorship, the formation of freedom of thought and elimination of the “Iron Curtain” gave impetus to the intensive development of fiction, literary criticism and literary history. Namely thanks to this factor, there were created ample opportunities to study previously banned topics and problems. It is typical to involve some prominent personalities and problems of South Azerbaijani literature in research. One of such powerful literary figures is Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi, who has a special place in the modern literary life of South Azerbaijan. As a literary figure, he is distinguished by his creative features, unlike any other, by his completely new poetic qualities. This originality and uniqueness is characterized by the content, form, as well as ideological and aesthetic aspects of the author’s works. By expanding the framework of public opinion of the South Azerbaijani literature, the G.S.Tabrizi has done a great service in ensuring the victory of realism by bringing it closer to life, to the struggle, spiritual needs and joys of the people. The development of the socio-political thought, scientific ideas, historical views, especially moral and ethical issues in South Azerbaijan, as in other Muslim countries of the East takes place on the basis of known traditions, which in its turn, actualizes the tendencies of enlightenment. While exposing the nature of oppression, lies, and injustice, as well as the social loneliness that prevails in people's lives, actions, and thoughts, G.S.Tabrizi speaks the truth and believes that it helps society. However, the service of the G.S.Tabrizi is not only to show the negative aspects of Iranian life, but also to criticize, at the same time, he comprehensively illuminates and gives meaning to the life he lives with his creativity. Q.S. Tabrizi's works are distinguished by their modernity and innovation. In his works, he not only reflects the past and present of 3 the people to whom he belongs, but also keeps his eyes on magnificent panoramas of the people's lives, as a singer of his dreams and ideals. In most of his poems, G.S.Tabrizi reflects the philosophy of truth, and by choosing the path of artistic generalization, he tries to reveal the essence of life based on a unique poetic language. That is why the art of Q.S. Tabrizi has passed the test of time and his art has found its way into the hearts of the new generation. Readers from Azerbaijan, Iran and England read it with respect and deep thought and finds wisdom that responds to the needs of life. That is why he is one of the most beloved poets and scholars, who is often remembered by Azerbaijani readers today and addressed to his works on a certain occasion. As a scholar of literary criticism, G.S.Tabrizi has always addressed to the brilliant figures in the history of Azerbaijani literature and wrote scientific papers about their works. In his articles on a number of classics, such as, Khagani Shirvani, Nizami Ganjavi, Imadeddin Nasimi, Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Iraj Mirza, Muhammad Hussein Shahriyar, Samad Behrangi, Gulam Hussein Saidi, Hamid Nitgi and others he touches on the most sensitive aspects of the work of these artists. The world culture has developed in a very complicated way. And this was possible not only due to the emergence of new examples of art, but also owing to the deeper study of the classical heritage and based on the criteria of modernity. The artistic heritage of the Azerbaijani people reflects its sorrow, joy, dream and history. That is why artistic heritage is a constant living experience of spiritual and emotional experience for any generation. G.S. Tabrizi's attitude to the creativity, ideas, thoughts and views of the classics is also noteworthy because he was able to deeply reflect not only the artistic thinking and cognitive features of his time, but also the period of their emergence. All these aspects determine the relevance of the dissertation dedicated to the literary-artistic and scientific-publicist creativity of G.S. Tabrizi. So far, various types of research work have been written on the works of G.S.Tabrizi. At different times Aziza Jafarzade, Balash Azeroglu, Tofig Hajiyev, Sabir Nabioglu, Gara Namazov, Azad 4 Nabiyev, Kamil Veli Narimanoglu, Tofig Huseynoglu, Almaz Aligizi, Nazim Rizvan, Teyyub Mansimoglu, Mammad Aslan, Elchin Isgenderzade, Tomris Babanli, Parvana Mammadli, Samina Hidayatgizi, Gudrat Piriyev and others expressed their views and opinions on the rich and multifaceted works of G.S.Tabrizi. Among these researches, the monographs1, such as, “The world starting from Tabriz” and “Child of the century” by Sabir Nabioglu, “Salvation shore of life” by Vagif Sultanli, “Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi” Teyyub Mansimoglu, “Poet's exile” by Elchin Isgenderzadeh are the most interesting. World-renowned writers and scholars - A. Nesin, B. Dolby, R. Williams, B. Morton, H. Nitgi, Y. Bronovsky and others also expressed their attitude to the works of G.S.Tabrizi in one way or another. After Azerbaijan gained its independence, a number of research works were written to study the scientific, artistic and social activities of G.S. Tabrizi. In these researches, the life and creative path of the writer became the object of analysis from various aspects. However, in spite of all these researches, the literary-artistic, scientific-publicist creativity of Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi has not been systematically involved in research so far. The scientific paper submitted for defense was created out of this necessity. Object and subject of research. The object of research is the literary-artistic and scientific-publicist works of Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi, and the subject is the scientific-theoretical principles of this heritage, literary-aesthetic concepts and the subject-problem area. The analysis refers to his books published in England, America, Turkey and Azerbaijan, as well as research on his life and works. Goals and tasks of the research. The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the literary-artistic, scientific and social activity 1 Masimoglu Teyyub. Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi. Baku: Shirvanneshr, 2002; Nabioglu Sabir. Child of a century. Baku: The Publishing House “Turan Evi”, 2004; Ibid. World starting from Tabriz. Baku: Azerneshr, 2010. Sultanli Vagif. Salvation shore of life. Baku: Publishing House “Turan Evi”, 2004; Isgenderzade Elchin. The poet's cry heard from abroad. Baku: Publishing House “Vektor”, 2005. 5 of G.S.Tabrizi in the light of modern thinking. To this end, the following tasks were in the focus of the research: - Discovering the main points of the life and literary environment of G.S. Tabrizi; - Determination of the author's literary position in the history of Azerbaijani literature: - Transformation of the writer's poetry into an object of analysis in the context of the problem of free poetry in modern South Azerbaijani literature; - Scientific-theoretical interpretation of the ideological and aesthetic aspects of political lyricism in the author's poetry; - Characterization of philosophical aspects of the poet's poetic creativity; - Transformation of the researcher's papers on modern literature into an object of analysis; - Generalization of the author's scientific-theoretical views on the classics of Azerbaijani, Iranian and English literature; - Characterization of the ideas of humanism, democracy and freedom in the writer's journalism. Method of research. The dissertation refers to the existing scientific and theoretical sources on the research topic, the views and opinions of individual scientists. Comparative-typological and historical-comparative analysis methods were used in the research process. During the research, the relevant researches of Azerbaijan and the world literary-theoretical thought were used on the theoretical- methodological level. Main propositions set for defense: 1. The complex nature of the literary environment in which Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi was formed and the question of the influence of such an environment on the literary style; 2. Literary and social mission of Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi in such a literary-aesthetic and social environment; 3. The emigration period and diaspora activity of Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi's life and work. 4. Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi's attitude to the classics of Eastern and Western literature and culture. 5. Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi and problems of Azerbaijani emigration literature. 6. Issues of political lyrics and literature. 7. Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi's concept of poetry and 6 prose and its connection with the history of Azerbaijani literature. 8. Gulamrza Sabri Tabrizi and principles of modern poetry.