DOCSLIB.ORG

Jomon: 11Th to 3Rd Century BCE Yayoi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jomon: 11Th to 3Rd Century BCE Yayoi Outline Lecture Sixteen—Early Japanese Mythology and Shinto Ethics General Chronology: Jomon: 11th to 3rd century B.C.E. Yayoi: 3rd B.C.E. to 3rd C.E. Tomb: 3rd to 6th C.E. Yamato: 6th to 7th C.E. I) Prehistoric Origins a) Early Japanese history shrouded in obscurity i) Writing did not develop in Japan until 6th century C.E. ii) No remains of cities or other large scale settlements iii) Theories of origins of earliest settlers b) Jomon (Roughly 11th to 3rd century B.C.E.) i) “Rope-pattern” pottery ii) Hunter-gathering settlements iii) Lack of social stratification? c) Yayoi (3rd B.C.E. to 3rd C.E.) i) Simultaneous introduction of irrigation, bronze, and iron contributing to revolutionary changes (1) Impact of change in continental civilizations tend to be more gradual (2) In Japan, effect of changes are more dramatic due to its isolation (a) Foreign elements trickle in, then blend with indigenous elements (b) Creating a distinctive synthesis in “petri-dish” (pea-tree) environment ii) Increasing signs of specialization and social stratification (1) Objects of art—less primitive, more self-conscious (2) Late Yayoi burial practices d) Tomb or Kofun Period (3rd to 7th) i) Large and extravagant tombs in modern day Osaka ii) What beliefs about the afterlife do they reflect? (1) Two strains in Japanese religious cosmology iii) Emergence of a powerful mounted warrior class iv) Regional aristocracies each with its clan name (1) Uji vs. Be (2) Dramatic increase in social stratification e) Yamato State (6th to 8th C.E.) II) Yamato’s Constructions of Mythology and Religion a) Function of Mythologized History i) Political legitimacy required having a “history” ii) Kojiki or Record of Ancient Matters (712) and Nihongi or Chronicles of Japan (720) b) Yamato Clan’s Kami—Amaterasu i) Symbiosis between mythological and political authority (1) Myth of Izanagi and Izanami (2) Contest between Amaterasu and Susano-o (a) Transgressions of Susano-o ii) Political significance of myth (1) Mythical contest reflects clan rivalry (a) Amaterasu—Sun-goddess, the kami of the Yamato clan (b) Susa-no-o—Storm god, the kami of the rival Izumo clan (2) Lingering legacy of myth III) Shinto—The Way of the Gods a) Indigenous Japanese spiritual beliefs and rituals i) The omnipresence and proliferation of Kamis (1) Patron kamis like Amaterasu and Susa-no-o (2) Spiritual powers found in nature (3) Varley: “everything that is strikingly impressive, possessing a quality of excellence, or inspired a feeling of awe was called kami” ii) Reflects the ubiquitous sense of religiosity and sacredness in Shinto b) Simple life-affirming code of conduct i) Makoto: Sincerity of feeling and actions ii) Poems from the Man’yoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) (1) “In the sea of Iwami…” (p.34) (2) “Since in Karu lived my wife…” (p.37) (a) Tama—animating spirit that gives life to body (3) Love poems of great simplicity and authenticity .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Artful Adventures JAPAN an Interactive Guide for Families 56
    Artful Adventures JAPAN An interactive guide for families 56 Your Japanese Adventure Awaits You! f See inside for details JAPAN Japan is a country located on the other side of the world from the United States. It is a group of islands, called an archipelago. Japan is a very old country and the Japanese people have been making beautiful artwork for thousands of years. Today we are going to look at ancient objects from Japan as well as more recent works of Japanese art. Go down the stairs to the lower level of the Museum. At the bottom of the steps, turn left and walk through the Chinese gallery to the Japanese gallery. Find a clay pot with swirling patterns on it (see picture to the left). This pot was made between 2,500 and 1,000 b.c., during the Late Jōmon period—it is between 3,000 and 4,500 years old! The people who lived in Japan at this time were hunter-gatherers, which means that they hunted wild animals and gathered roots and plants for food. The Jomon people started forming small communities, and began to make objects that were both beautiful and useful— like this pot which is decorated with an interesting pattern and was used for storage. Take a close look at the designs on this pot. Can you think of some words to describe these designs? Japanese, Middle to Late Jōmon period, ca. 3500–ca. 1000 B.C.: jar. Earthenware, h. 26.0 cm. 1. ............................................................................................................. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2002-297).
    [Show full text]
  • Matrix: a Journal for Matricultural Studies “In the Beginning, Woman
    Volume 02, Issue 1 March 2021 Pg. 13-33 Matrix: A Journal for Matricultural Studies M https://www.networkonculture.ca/activities/matrix “In the Beginning, Woman Was the Sun”: Takamure Itsue’s Historical Reconstructions as Matricultural Explorations YASUKO SATO, PhD Abstract Takamure Itsue (1894-1964), the most distinguished pioneer of feminist historiography in Japan, identified Japan’s antiquity as a matricultural society with the use of the phrase ‘women-centered culture’ (josei chūshin no bunka). The ancient classics of Japan informed her about the maternalistic values embodied in matrilocal residence patterns, and in women’s beauty, intelligence, and radiance. Her scholarship provided the first strictly empirical verification of the famous line from Hiratsuka Raichō (1886-1971), “In the beginning, woman was the sun.” Takamure recognized matricentric structures as the socioeconomic conditions necessary for women to express their inner genius, participate fully in public life, and live like goddesses. This paper explores Takamure’s reconstruction of the marriage rules of ancient Japanese society and her pursuit of the underlying principles of matriculture. Like Hiratsuka, Takamure was a maternalist feminist who advocated the centrality of women’s identity as mothers in feminist struggles and upheld maternal empowerment as the ultimate basis of women’s empowerment. This epochal insight into the ‘woman question’ merits serious analytic attention because the principle of formal equality still visibly disadvantages women with children. Keywords Japanese women, Ancient Japan, matriculture, Takamure Itsue, Hiratsuka Raicho ***** Takamure Itsue (1894-1964), pionière éminente de l'historiographie feministe au Japon, a découvert dans l'antiquité japonaise une société matricuturelle qu'elle a identifiée comme: une 'société centrée sur les femmes' (josei chūshin no bunka) ou société gynocentrique.
    [Show full text]
  • A Concentrated Group of Kofun Built in Various Sizes and Shapes a Virtually Reconstructed Aerial View of the Furuichi Area Chapter 3
    A concentrated group of kofun built in various sizes and shapes A virtually reconstructed aerial view of the Furuichi area Chapter 3 Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis 3.1.b Criteria under Which Inscription is Proposed 3.1.c Statement of Integrity 3.1.d Statement of Authenticity 3.1.e Protection and Management Requirements 3.2 Comparative Analysis 3.3 Proposed Statement of Outstanding Universal Value 3.1.a Brief Synthesis ３．Justification for Inscription 3.1.a Brief Synthesis The property “Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group” is a tomb group of the king’s clan and the clan’s affiliates that ruled the ancient Japanese archipelago and took charge of diplomacy with contemporary East Asian powers. The tombs were constructed between the late 4th century and the late 5th century, which was the peak of the Kofun period, characterized by construction of distinctive mounded tombs called kofun. A set of 49 kofun in 45 component parts is located on a plateau overlooking the bay which was the maritime gateway to the continent, in the southern part of the Osaka Plain which was one of the important political cultural centers. The property includes many tombs with plans in the shape of a keyhole, a feature unique in the world, on an extraordinary scale of civil engineering work in terms of world-wide constructions; among these tombs several measure as much as 500 meters in mound length. They form a group, along with smaller tombs that are differentiated by their various sizes and shapes. In contrast to the type of burial mound commonly found in many parts of the world, which is an earth or piled- stone mound forming a simple covering over a coffin or a burial chamber, kofun are architectural achievements with geometrically elaborate designs created as a stage for funerary rituals, decorated with haniwa clay figures.
    [Show full text]
  • Rites and Rituals of the Kofun Period
    Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 1992 19/2-3 Rites and Rituals of the Kofun Period I s h in o H ironobu 石野博信 The rituals of the Kofun period were closely connected with both daily life and political affairs. The chieftain presided over the principal rites, whether in the mountains, on the rivers, or along the roadsides. The chieftain’s funeral was the preeminent rite, with a tomb mound, or kofun, constructed as its finale. The many and varied kofun rituals have been discussed elsewhere;1 here I shall concentrate on other kami rites and their departure from Yayoi practices. A Ritual Revolution Around AD 190, following a period of warfare called the “Wa Unrest,” the overall leadership of Wa was assumed by Himiko [Pimiko], female ruler of the petty kingdom of Yamatai. Beginning in 239 she opened diplomatic relations with the Wei court in China as the monarch of Wa, and she died around 248. Makimuku 1 type pottery appeared around 190; in 220 or so it was followed by Makimuku 2，and then by Makimuku 3, in about 250. The 92-meter-long keyhole-shaped Makimuku Ishizuka tomb in Sakurai City, Nara, was constructed in the first half of the third century; in the latter half of the same century the Hashihaka tomb was built. Hence the reign of Himiko, circa 190 to 248，corresponds to the appearance of key­ hole-shaped tombs. It was the dawn of the Kofun period and a formative time in Kofun-period ritual. In the Initial Kofun, by which I mean the period traditionally assigned to the very end of the Yayoi, bronze ritual objects were smashed, dis­ * This article is a partial translation of the introductory essay to volume 3 of Ish in o et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Shinto : Ancient Japanese Rituals
    Kokugakuin Univercity Museum Origin of Shinto : Ancient Japanese Rituals 14 September (Sat.) - 10 December (Sun.) , 2017 № Title Provenance Date Collection ■ Introduction 1 Mirror with Design of Seven arcs Okinoshima site, Munakata city, Fukuoka pref. Kofun period, 4th century Owned by Kokugakuin University Museum ■ ChapterⅠ: What is "Sinto " ? １：Views of "Shinto " in the "Nihon Shyoki " : "Shinto " as the state religion Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan) vol.21 Edited in 720, Nara period 2 Edited by Prince Toneri and others Owned by Kokugakuin University Library "The record before the enthronement of Emperor Yomei " Published in Edo period Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan) vol.25 Edited in 720, Nara period 3 Edited by Prince Toneri and others Owned by Kokugakuin University Library "The record before the enthronement of Emperor Kotoku " Published in Edo period Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan) vol.20 Edited in 720, Nara period 4 Edited by Prince Toneri and others Owned by Kokugakuin University Library "The record before the enthronement of Emperor Bidatsu" Published in Edo period Edited in 779, Nara period 5 To Daiwajo Toseiden (Eastern Expedition of the Great Tang Monk) Edited by Omi Mifune Owned by Kokugakuin University Library Published in Edo period Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan), vol.25 Edited in 720, Nara period 6 Edited by Prince Toneri Owned by Kokugakuin University Library "October, the 3rd year of Taika (647)" Published in Edo period ２：The word of "Shinto " : The Shinto view of the spirit Nihon shoki (Chronicles of Japan) vol.19
    [Show full text]
  • The Literary Landscape of Murakami Haruki
    Akins, Midori Tanaka (2012) Time and space reconsidered: the literary landscape of Murakami Haruki. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/15631 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Time and Space Reconsidered: The Literary Landscape of Murakami Haruki Midori Tanaka Atkins Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD in Japanese Literature 2012 Department of Languages & Cultures School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Declaration for PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Kamakura Period, Early 14Th Century Japanese Cypress (Hinoki) with Pigment, Gold Powder, and Cut Gold Leaf (Kirikane) H
    A TEACHER RESOURCE 1 2 Project Director Nancy C. Blume Editor Leise Hook Copyright 2016 Asia Society This publication may not be reproduced in full without written permission of Asia Society. Short sections—less than one page in total length— may be quoted or cited if Asia Society is given credit. For further information, write to Nancy Blume, Asia Society, 725 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021 Cover image Nyoirin Kannon Kamakura period, early 14th century Japanese cypress (hinoki) with pigment, gold powder, and cut gold leaf (kirikane) H. 19½ x W. 15 x D. 12 in. (49.5 x 38.1 x 30.5 cm) Asia Society, New York: Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd Collection, 1979.205 Photography by Synthescape, courtesy of Asia Society 3 4 Kamakura Realism and Spirituality in the Sculpture of Japan Art is of intrinsic importance to the educational process. The arts teach young people how to learn by inspiring in them the desire to learn. The arts use a symbolic language to convey the cultural values and ideologies of the time and place of their making. By including Asian arts in their curriculums, teachers can embark on culturally diverse studies and students will gain a broader and deeper understanding of the world in which they live. Often, this means that students will be encouraged to study the arts of their own cultural heritage and thereby gain self-esteem. Given that the study of Asia is required in many state curriculums, it is clear that our schools and teachers need support and resources to meet the demands and expectations that they already face.
    [Show full text]
  • Jomon Culture and the Emishi
    Jomon Culture and the Emishi There had been speculation that many ethnic groups used to inhabit the islands during the Jomon period, roughly ten thousand years B.C. to about 300 B.C. (ending earlier depending on the region). What has been found confirms a much older hypothesis that there was basically one ethnic group, the Jomon, who resided on all the islands. The skeletal remains that date back before the Yayoi period, when the Japanese speakers began their expansion, have been of one dominant population group whether in Western Japan, the Tohoku or Hokkaido. The one cultural trait they shared was the type of pottery they produced marked by distinctive rope-like patterns called jomon doki that gave them their name. In the latest research it is found that the transformation of the Jomon population occurred gradually as the Yayoi population identified with the Japanese speakers spread from northern Kyushu eastwards. Intermixing of the populations was widespread as intermediate skeletal types emerge in areas where the two populations came in contact with each other. However, over time, where these contacts occurred the Jomon population gradually changed to become more Yayoi in character indicating that the Yayoi began to outnumber the local Jomon population. Thus, the intermixing was heavily weighted towards the Yayoi population during the historical period particularly in western Japan since the Jomon people there were not as numerous. One exception is in the southern Kyushu areas dominated by the Kumaso during ancient times. To this day the area around present-day Kagoshima has a population that is relatively unchanged since the Jomon, and have characteristics that are more related to the Ainu and Okinawans than to modern Japanese.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Conformity and Nationalism in Japan
    SOCIAL CONFORMITY AND NATIONALISM IN JAPAN by Chie Muroga Jex B.A., The University of West Florida, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences The University of West Florida In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Anthropology 2009 The thesis of Chie Muroga Jex is approved: ____________________________________________ _________________ Rosalind A. Fisher, M.A., Committee Member Date ____________________________________________ _________________ Terry J. Prewitt, Ph.D., Committee Member Date ____________________________________________ _________________ Robert C. Philen, Ph.D., Committee Chair Date Accepted for the Department/Division: ____________________________________________ _________________ John R. Bratten, Ph.D., Chair Date Accepted for the University: ____________________________________________ _________________ Richard S. Podemski, Ph.D., Dean of Graduate Studies Date ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Terry J. Prewitt, Dr. Robert Philen, and Ms. Rosalind Fisher for their willingness to be my thesis committee members. My fellow anthropology graduate student, Trey Bond, also gave me many helpful suggestions. They have inspired and sustained me with insightful comments, patience and encouragement. I also wish to especially thank my bilingual husband, Timothy T. Jex for always taking time, and patiently proofreading and correcting my English grammar despite his busy schedule. Without these professional and generous supporters,
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright 2009 Paul Droubie
    Copyright 2009 Paul Droubie PLAYING THE NATION: 1964 TOKYO SUMMER OLYMPICS AND JAPANESE IDENTITY BY PAUL DROUBIE DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Ronald P. Toby, Chair Professor Maria Todorova Associate Professor Karen Kelsky Assistant Professor Robert T. Tierney Abstract This dissertation explores the performance and consumption of a reinvented Japanese national identity surrounding the 1964 Tokyo Summer Olympics. This event marked an important psychological turning point for many Japanese, who saw it as marking their reemergence into the world community. National identity is often hidden in the daily assumptions and practices of members of the nation. Prestige events like the Olympics bring these to the surface and make them easier to analyze as the contents for performance and consumption of Self, for both Self and Other, are prepared. Furthermore, the specifics of Japanese national identity at this time made the Olympics a near perfect venue for this. I argue that an examination of this discourse reveals several tropes of Self shared across the mainstream of Japanese national identity in the mid 1960s. The first was that Japan had rebuilt from wartime destruction and was now a global scientific and technological leader. Second, the country had a mixture of Western modernity and Japanese tradition that made it uniquely suited to be an interlocutor between West and non-West. The government, urban spaces and public manners were modern, yet culturally, Japanese engaged in a self-Orientalizing discourse.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice, Bronze, and Chieftains —An Archaeology of Yayoi Ritual—
    Japanese Journal of Religions Studies 1992 19/2-3 Rice, Bronze, and Chieftains —An Archaeology of Yayoi Ritual— Mark J. H udson The Yayoi 弥生 was the period in which agriculture came to form the basis of society in a laree part of the Japanese archipelago. It is often dated from 300 bc to ad 300，thoueh in parts of western Japan wet rice farming began a century or more earlier. The end of the Yayoi was marked by the appearance in the third century of kofun, standardized keyhole-shaped tomb mounds. Although there is disagreement over both the exact chronology of this transition and the difference between standardized and pre-standardized mounds, the majority of Japanese archaeologists now believe the Yayoi ended by about ad 250 in the west­ ern archipelago. Limitations of space make it impossible to present a general discussion of Yayoi culture here. A recent review can be found in H udson (1990), but the reader should be aware that many areas of debate still remain. One such problem is the degree of continental immigration into Yayoi Japan —something that has obvious consequences for our understand­ ing of ritual continuities with the Jomon. The Yayoi is partially proto- historic, since the Eastern Han and Wei dynastic histories (Hou H an shu 後漢書 and Wei zhi 魏志〉contain short descriptions of the Wa 倭 people. Although there have been suggestions that “Wa” was used to refer to a distinct ethnic group, it is probably best understood as a general term for the inhabitants of at least western Japan in the third century ad.
    [Show full text]
  • Clan Influence in Asuka Japan: Asukadera and the Soga Clan
    CLAN INFLUENCE IN ASUKA JAPAN: ASUKADERA AND THE SOGA CLAN by Ian Michael Watts Submitted to the Faculty of The Archaeological Studies Program Department of Sociology and Archaeology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science University of Wisconsin - La Crosse 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Ian Watts All rights reserved ii CLAN INFLUENCE IN ASUKA JAPAN: ASUKADERA AND THE SOGA CLAN Ian Watts, B.S. University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, 2012 The Asuka Period of Japan is characterized by the introduction of Buddhism from Korea and a consolidation of power by the central government. The interplay between the Imperial Clan and the Soga Clan was integral in shaping everyday life in Asuka as the introduction of Buddhism brought the creation of permanent architecture in the shape of temples. These temples, primarily constructed by the Imperial Line and the Soga Clan, required the employment of local populations as a labor force for the construction of the various buildings within each temple complex. An examination of the assemblage of round eave-end roof tiles at the first Buddhist temple in Japan, Asukadera, examines the implications of this labor procurement. Furthermore, spatial analysis between Asukadera, Tōyuradera, and Okuyamakumedera provides data for future research. iii Acknowledgements Much of this study could not have been completed without the help of the following individuals and institution. Large portions of Japanese text were translated by native Japanese and Taiwanese speakers in conjunction with my direction. I was extremely fortunate to have been given a portion of the Asukadera Excavation Report directly by the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
    [Show full text]