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University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John’s Road, Tyler's Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 77 - 10,506 CHANG, Donald Heng, 1931- IN SEARCH OF TRENDS AND PATTERNS: ELITE CHANGE IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY, 1945-1973. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Political Science, general Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, M ichigan 48106 © Copyright by Donald Heng Chang 1976 IN SEARCH OF TRENDS AND PATTERNS: ELITE CHANGE IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY, 1945-1973 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Donald Heng Chang, B.A., M.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By Bradley M. Richardson Philip D. Stewart ,-fy David M. Lampton ,/U^.slJjL h' V Adviser Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere thanks to Professors Bradley Richardson, Philip Stewart, and David Lampton, who are the members of my Dissertation Committee, for their guidance in my dissertation research. Needless to say, none of them is responsible for what­ ever flaws and imperfections may be found in this dissertation. I wish also to express my appreciation for the support provided by the Department of Political Science, which enabled me to complete data analysis for this dissertation at the Instruction and Research Computer Center of the Ohio State University. Last but not least, I must express my indebtedness to my wife and child; without their prolonged sacrifice and patience, the completion of this dissertation would not have been possible. Donald H. Chang ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ...................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................... iii LIST OF TABLES......................................... v LIST OF FIGURES....................................... xi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION................................... 1 II. ELITE CHANGE: SUMMARY INDICATORS AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND ....................... 31 III. ELITE CHANGE: POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION ........... 57 IV. ELITE CHANGE: CURRENT CAREERS .................. 88 V. THE DYNAMICS OF ELITE CHANGE: A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME AND A RESEARCH METHOD....................... 113 VI. THE DYNAMICS OF ELITE CHANGE: POLITICAL PROMOTION.................................. 130 VII. THE DYNAMICS OF ELITE CHANGE: POLITICAL PURGE AND POLITICAL SURVIVAL........................... 157 VIII. CONCLUSION.................................... 190 LIST OF REFERENCES...................................... 200 APPENDICES A. LIST OF MEMBERS IN THE 7TH, 8TH, 9TH, AND 10TH CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY...................................... 209 iii Page B. CODEBOOK OF DATA FOR THIS STUDY OF THE CCP ELITE..................................... 219 C. SCHEME FOR CONSTRUCTING CCP POSITIONAL SCORES. 288 D. RESULTS OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES PERFORMED ON MEMBERSHIP IN THE CONTRAL COMMITTEES OF THE CCP IN CONNECTION WITH POLITICAL PROMOTION......... 294 Summary Table D.l Differentiating the New Elite from the Old Elite in the 7th CC.............. 295 Summary Table D.2 Differentiating the New Elite from the Old Elite in the 8th CC.............. 297 Summary Table D.3 Differentiating the New Elite from the Old Elite in the 9th CC.............. 299 Summary Table D.4 Differentiating the New Elite from the Old Elite in the 10th C C ............ 301 E. RESULTS OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSES PERFORMED ON MEMBERSHIP IN THE CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF THE CCP IN CONNECTION WITH POLITICAL PURGE AND POLITICAL SURVIVAL........................... 303 Summary Table E.1 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors in the 8th CC. ....... 304 Summary Table E.2 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors of the Old Elite in the 8th CC..................................... 306 Summary Table E.3 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors of the NewElite in the 8th CC. 307 Summary Table E.4 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors in the 9th CC............... 309 Summary Table E.5 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors of the Old Elite in the 9th CC. 311 Summary Table E.6 Differentiating the Purged from the Survivors of the New Elite in the 9th CC. 313 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Trends in Elite Size: Membership in the 7th to the 10th Central Committees,..................... 33 2.2 Trends in Membership in the Chinese Communist Party, 1945-1973....................................... 33 2.3 Elite Turnover Rates in the 7th to the 10th Central Committees . .................................. 36 2.4 Sex Representation of Membership in the 7th to the 10th Central Committees........................... 40 2.5 Non-Han Representation in the 7th to the 10th Central Committees .............................. 42 2.6 Trends in Geographical Representation of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees............ 47 2.7 Mean Rank Order of Geographical Representation of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees. 48 2.8 Summary Measures of Age Distribution of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees................ 49 2.9 Trends in Age Distribution of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees.................... 50 2.10 Trends in Social Status of the Family of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees............. 53 3.1 Trends in Date of Joining the Party of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees............. 59 3.2 Trends in Age When Joining the Party of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees............. 63 v Table Page 3.3 Trends in Level of Education When Joining The Party of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees............. .............. 65 3.4 Trends in Type of Work When Joining the Party of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees. 69 3.5 Trends in Special Military/Political Training of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees. 71 3.6 Trends in Education/Training in the USSR of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees. ...... 73 3.7 Trends in Participation in Important Events of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees........... 75 3.8 Trends in CEC Membership of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees........................... 77 3.9 Trends in Military Affiliation of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees................ 79 4.1 Trends in Cumulative Positional Scores of Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees........... 90 4.2 Trends in Concurrent Position Holding of Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees............ 93 4.3 Trends in Type of Work of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees........................... 96 4.4 Trends in Place of Work of Members of the 7th to the 10th Central Committees........................... 99 4.5 Trends inYears in Primary Position of Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees................ 101 4.6 Trends in Positional Mobility of Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees.................... 102 4.7 Trends in Change in Positional Scores Between A Reference Point in Time Prior to Acquiring CC Membership and the Time of Acquiring CC Membership Among Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees..................................... 104 vi Table Page 4.8 Trends in Mean Value of Change in Positional Scores Between a Reference Point in Time Prior to Acquiring CC Membership and the Time of Acquiring CC Membership Among Members of the 8th to the 10th Central Committees ..... ..................... 105 4.9 Trends in Change in Type of Work Between Time
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