DOCSLIB.ORG

604 Evolution & Ontology Symposium, Grand Ballroom I, Saturday 25 July 2009 Paula Mabee University of South Dakota, Vermilli

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
604 Evolution & Ontology Symposium, Grand Ballroom I, Saturday 25 July 2009 Paula Mabee University of South Dakota, Vermilli 604 Evolution & Ontology Symposium, Grand Ballroom I, Saturday 25 July 2009 Paula Mabee University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States Phenoscape: Using Ontologies to Link Comparative Morphology to Genes Decades of comparative anatomical studies in ichthyology and herpetology have resulted in a rich body of ‘free-text’ data. As these data grow, they are increasingly hard to align and synthesize across taxonomic groups, and synthetic questions concerning the developmental and genetic basis of evolutionary changes in morphology cannot be easily or efficiently addressed. In order for this volume of comparative anatomical data to be analyzed in a developmental genetic context, it must first be rendered computable. One way to achieve this is to use ontologies. Using ostariophysan fishes as a prototype, the Phenoscape project has developed a system that includes ontologies representing expert knowledge of anatomy and taxonomy (the Teleost Anatomy Ontology and the Teleost Taxonomy Ontology), software for data curation (Phenex), and a knowledgebase that supports ontology-based reasoning about evolutionary phenotype data (PhenoscapeKB, http://phenoscape.org/kb). To date, over 5,000 characters from the phylogenetic literature have been annotated for 8,300 species, resulting in over eight million annotated phenotypes. PhenoscapeKB combines these evolutionary phenotypes with information about genetically characterized phenotype from ZFIN, the zebrafish community database. Through ontology-based reasoning over expert knowledge in taxonomy, comparative anatomy and developmental genetics, PhenoscapeKB can be used to address a host of questions spanning the domains of genetics, development and evolutionary biology, such as the nature of the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variation among taxa in nature. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _ 606 Poster Session III, Exhibitor’s Hall, Sunday 26 July 2009 Paula Mabee1, James Balhoff2, Wasila Dahdul1, Cartik Kothari2, Hilmar Lapp2, John Lundberg3, Peter Midford4, Todd Vision5, Monte Westerfield6 1University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States, 2National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC, United States, 3Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States, 4University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States, 5University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States, 6University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States Phenoscape: Evolutionary Morphology Linked to Genes Using Informatics Decades of comparative anatomical studies in ichthyology and herpetology have resulted in a rich body of ‘free-text’ data. As these data grow, they are increasingly hard to align and synthesize across taxonomic groups, and synthetic questions concerning the developmental and genetic basis of evolutionary changes in morphology cannot be easily or efficiently addressed. In order for this volume of comparative anatomical data 385 to be analyzed in a developmental genetic context, it must first be rendered computable. One way to achieve this is to use ontologies. Using ostariophysan fishes as a prototype, the Phenoscape project has developed a system that includes ontologies representing expert knowledge of anatomy and taxonomy (the Teleost Anatomy Ontology and the Teleost Taxonomy Ontology), software for data curation (Phenex), and a knowledgebase that supports ontology-based reasoning about evolutionary phenotype data (PhenoscapeKB, http://phenoscape.org/kb). To date, over 5,000 characters from the phylogenetic literature have been annotated for 8,300 species, resulting in over eight million annotated phenotypes. PhenoscapeKB combines these evolutionary phenotypes with information about genetically characterized phenotype from ZFIN, the zebrafish community database. Through ontology-based reasoning over expert knowledge in taxonomy, comparative anatomy and developmental genetics, PhenoscapeKB can be used to address a host of questions spanning the domains of genetics, development and evolutionary biology, such as the nature of the genetic changes underlying phenotypic variation among taxa in nature. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _ 442 Fish Systematics I, Grand Ballroom II, Thursday 23 July 2009 Kohji Mabuchi1, Thomas Fraser2, Yoichiro Azuma1, Mutsumi Nishida1 1Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan, 2Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States Molecular Phylogeny of the Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) and non-monophyly of Apogon sensu lato Cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are one of the most numerically dominant reef fish families, mostly nocturnal, and many known to be mouthbrooders. The family contains about 333 valid species with 24 genera and 15 subgenera recognized to date within the family. The genus Apogon sensu lato, historically, has been the most speciose genus. Some lists estimated the number of species to be about 200 species. Taxonomy of Apogon is currently unsettled. Ten subgenera were recognized in 1972. A few authors elevated some subgenera to genera following a doctoral dissertation on the cephalic lateralis system in 2004. While a molecular paper in 2006 indicated the non-monophyletic nature for the subgenus Ostorhinchus, monophyly of Apogon sensu lato is yet to be evaluated. Thus, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis using about 100 species representing about 23 genera. Over fifty species of Apogon, representing about nine subgenera, were included in this study. Using three gobioids as collective outgroups, the monophyly of Apogon was evaluated phylogenetically based on DNA sequence data. Preliminary molecular phylogeny inferred by Bayesian method based on ca. 1500bp of mitochondrially encoded 12S and 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that the genus Apogon was polyphyletic with over 10 well-supported monophyletic groups being recognized from the genus. While some of the monophyletic groups corresponded to existing subgenera (e.g. Pristiapogon, Zoramia), some subgenera (e.g. Ostorhinchus, Apogon) were respectively divided into multiple independent groups, some forming well-supported monophyletic groups with non-Apogon species. The result supports revising the generic/subgeneric framework for the family. 386 _____________________________________________________________________________________ _ 686 AES Functional Morphology Symposium, Grand Ballroom II, Friday 24 July 2009 Laura Macesic1, Adam Summers2, Stephen Kajiura1 1Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States, 2University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States Functional Morphology of Pelvic Fin Locomotion in Batoids "Punting” is a form of benthic locomotion wherein a batoid (skate or ray) digs its pelvic fins into the substrate and thrusts itself forward. It was thought to be restricted to skates, but we have shown that it is widespread in Batoidea. By examining kinematic and pelvic fin musculature we previously revealed a continuum of punting ability with a corresponding continuum of pelvic fin musculature. True punters, such as Narcine brasiliensis and Raja eglanteria, use only their pelvic fins and possess more specialized and more robust muscles. Augmented punters, such as Urobatis jamaicensis and Dasyatis sabina, punt with assistance from their pectoral fins, and possess fewer and less substantial muscles. We also used three-point bending tests of the main skeletal element involved in punting, the propterygium, to test if flexural stiffness correlates with punting style. We found that propterygia of the true punters have approximately 80% greater flexural stiffness than the augmented punters (p<0.05). Moreover, propterygia of the augmented punters have almost twice the flexural stiffness of the non-punting pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) (p<0.05). The concordance of musculature and skeletal stiffness with punting ability provides us with predictive power regarding the punting kinematics of other elasmobranchs based gross muscular examinations and skeletal material properties. By pairing our results with phylogenetic information, we can also gain a better understanding of the evolution and radiation of batoids. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _ 175 Snake Ecology, Pavillion East, Monday 27 July 2009 Stephen Mackessy University of Northern Colorado, Greeley CO, United States Natural History and Den Site Fidelity of Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) in Northeastern Colorado Historically, Prairie Rattlesnakes on the eastern plains of Colorado relied on natural fissures and prairie dog towns as hibernacular sites, often reaching very high densities. With wide-scale changes to the habitat and loss of large dog towns, rattlesnakes now often utilize anthropogenic structures as retreats. On a large private ranch, two metapopulations of Prairie Rattlesnakes utilize railroad burms and culverts as den sites. From 2002-2008, in spring and fall, we collected as many snakes as possible, and PIT tagged, measured and extracted venom. Of 497 captures, 406 unique individuals were 387 tagged, and 96 repeat captures were recorded. The sex ratio was slightly male biased (1.06:1), and neonates are born in late August-early September. Snakes emerge from hibernacula in mid-March and return to den sites in mid-September; snakes remain in the vicinity of the den site and are surface-active until at least mid-October.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi
    Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 (http://www.accessscience.com/) Article by: Boschung, Herbert Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Gardiner, Brian Linnean Society of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom. Publication year: 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.680400) Content Morphology Euteleostei Bibliography Phylogeny Classification Additional Readings Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi The most recent group of actinopterygians (rayfin fishes), first appearing in the Upper Triassic (Fig. 1). About 26,840 species are contained within the Teleostei, accounting for more than half of all living vertebrates and over 96% of all living fishes. Teleosts comprise 517 families, of which 69 are extinct, leaving 448 extant families; of these, about 43% have no fossil record. See also: Actinopterygii (/content/actinopterygii/009100); Osteichthyes (/content/osteichthyes/478500) Fig. 1 Cladogram showing the relationships of the extant teleosts with the other extant actinopterygians. (J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, 2006) 1 of 9 10/7/2015 1:07 PM Teleostei - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education http://www.accessscience.com/content/teleostei/680400 Morphology Much of the evidence for teleost monophyly (evolving from a common ancestral form) and relationships comes from the caudal skeleton and concomitant acquisition of a homocercal tail (upper and lower lobes of the caudal fin are symmetrical). This type of tail primitively results from an ontogenetic fusion of centra (bodies of vertebrae) and the possession of paired bracing bones located bilaterally along the dorsal region of the caudal skeleton, derived ontogenetically from the neural arches (uroneurals) of the ural (tail) centra.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico And
    A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399.
    [Show full text]
  • CHECKLIST and BIOGEOGRAPHY of FISHES from GUADALUPE ISLAND, WESTERN MEXICO Héctor Reyes-Bonilla, Arturo Ayala-Bocos, Luis E
    ReyeS-BONIllA eT Al: CheCklIST AND BIOgeOgRAphy Of fISheS fROm gUADAlUpe ISlAND CalCOfI Rep., Vol. 51, 2010 CHECKLIST AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FISHES FROM GUADALUPE ISLAND, WESTERN MEXICO Héctor REyES-BONILLA, Arturo AyALA-BOCOS, LUIS E. Calderon-AGUILERA SAúL GONzáLEz-Romero, ISRAEL SáNCHEz-ALCántara Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada AND MARIANA Walther MENDOzA Carretera Tijuana - Ensenada # 3918, zona Playitas, C.P. 22860 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur Ensenada, B.C., México Departamento de Biología Marina Tel: +52 646 1750500, ext. 25257; Fax: +52 646 Apartado postal 19-B, CP 23080 [email protected] La Paz, B.C.S., México. Tel: (612) 123-8800, ext. 4160; Fax: (612) 123-8819 NADIA C. Olivares-BAñUELOS [email protected] Reserva de la Biosfera Isla Guadalupe Comisión Nacional de áreas Naturales Protegidas yULIANA R. BEDOLLA-GUzMáN AND Avenida del Puerto 375, local 30 Arturo RAMíREz-VALDEz Fraccionamiento Playas de Ensenada, C.P. 22880 Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Ensenada, B.C., México Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada km. 107, Apartado postal 453, C.P. 22890 Ensenada, B.C., México ABSTRACT recognized the biological and ecological significance of Guadalupe Island, off Baja California, México, is Guadalupe Island, and declared it a Biosphere Reserve an important fishing area which also harbors high (SEMARNAT 2005). marine biodiversity. Based on field data, literature Guadalupe Island is isolated, far away from the main- reviews, and scientific collection records, we pres- land and has limited logistic facilities to conduct scien- ent a comprehensive checklist of the local fish fauna, tific studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Placenta Drives a Shift in Sexual Selection in Livebearing Fish
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature13451 The evolution of the placenta drives a shift in sexual selection in livebearing fish B. J. A. Pollux1,2, R. W. Meredith1,3, M. S. Springer1, T. Garland1 & D. N. Reznick1 The evolution of the placenta from a non-placental ancestor causes a species produce large, ‘costly’ (that is, fully provisioned) eggs5,6, gaining shift of maternal investment from pre- to post-fertilization, creating most reproductive benefits by carefully selecting suitable mates based a venue for parent–offspring conflicts during pregnancy1–4. Theory on phenotype or behaviour2. These females, however, run the risk of mat- predicts that the rise of these conflicts should drive a shift from a ing with genetically inferior (for example, closely related or dishonestly reliance on pre-copulatory female mate choice to polyandry in conjunc- signalling) males, because genetically incompatible males are generally tion with post-zygotic mechanisms of sexual selection2. This hypoth- not discernable at the phenotypic level10. Placental females may reduce esis has not yet been empirically tested. Here we apply comparative these risks by producing tiny, inexpensive eggs and creating large mixed- methods to test a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the paternity litters by mating with multiple males. They may then rely on evolution of placentation is associated with reduced pre-copulatory the expression of the paternal genomes to induce differential patterns of female mate choice. We exploit a unique quality of the livebearing fish post-zygotic maternal investment among the embryos and, in extreme family Poeciliidae: placentas have repeatedly evolved or been lost, cases, divert resources from genetically defective (incompatible) to viable creating diversity among closely related lineages in the presence or embryos1–4,6,11.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Speciose Family Characidae
    Oliveira et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling Claudio Oliveira1*, Gleisy S Avelino1, Kelly T Abe1, Tatiane C Mariguela1, Ricardo C Benine1, Guillermo Ortí2, Richard P Vari3 and Ricardo M Corrêa e Castro4 Abstract Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • ERSS-Payara (Hydrolycus Armatus)
    Payara (Hydrolycus armatus) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, April 2014 Revised, February 2018 Web Version, 7/31/2018 Photo: Miloslav Petrtyl. Licensed under Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC). Available: http://eol.org/pages/214219/overview (February 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2017): “South America: Amazon basin, Orinoco basin, rivers of Guyana.” From Eschmeyer et al. (2018): “Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana: Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela.” Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. 1 This species is present in trade in the United States. For example: From AquaScapeOnline (2018): “Hydrolycus Armatus [sic] 4" […] List Price: $100.00 Our Price: $85.00 You Save: $15.00 (15%)” Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks The common name “Payara” is applied to multiple species in the genus Hydrolycus. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2018): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Osteichthyes Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Characiformes Family Cynodontidae Subfamily Cynodontinae Genus Hydrolycus Species Hydrolycus armatus” “Taxonomic Status: valid” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2017): “[…] Max length : 89.0 cm TL male/unsexed; [Giarrizzo et al. 2015]; max. published weight: 8.5 kg [Cella-Ribeiro et al. 2015]” 2 Environment From Froese and Pauly (2017): “Freshwater; pelagic.” Climate/Range From Froese and Pauly (2017): “Tropical” Distribution Outside the United States Native From Froese and Pauly (2017): “South America: Amazon basin, Orinoco basin, rivers of Guyana.” From Eschmeyer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep-Sea Mystery Solved: Astonishing Larval Transformations and Extreme
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Biol. Lett. (2009) 5, 235–239 1. INTRODUCTION doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0722 New specimens from collecting expeditions continue Published online 20 January 2009 to provide insights into the many mysteries of the Evolutionary biology Earth’s largest ecological habitat, the midwaters of the deep sea between the sunlit surface waters and the bottom. The Cetomimidae (whalefishes), one Deep-sea mystery solved: of the most speciose bathypelagic fish families (nine genera, 20 species), were described by Goode & Bean astonishing larval (1895). There are no larvae among the 600C whale- fish specimens (26–408 mm standard length (SL)), transformations and collected below 1000 m; all sexually mature individ- uals are females (Paxton 1989). Adults have whale- extreme sexual shaped bodies, tiny eyes, huge horizontal mouths, dimorphism unite three cavernous lateral-line canals, and lack pelvic fins and external scales (figure 1f ). The Mirapinnidae (hairy- fish families fish and tapetails) were described as a new order by Bertelsen & Marshall (1956) and comprise five G. David Johnson1,*, John R. Paxton2, species in three genera; they lack scales and lateral Tracey T. Sutton3, Takashi P. Satoh4, lines, have large mouths with almost vertically Tetsuya Sado5, Mutsumi Nishida4 oriented jaws and pelvic fins (figure 1a–d ). The and Masaki Miya5 hairyfish, known from a single specimen, is uniquely 1Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History, characterized by a dense covering of hair-like out- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA growths over the head, body and fins.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarahwebb Thesis 2016.Pdf (2.592Mb)
    DIFFERENCES IN HABITAT UTILIZATION AND TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE ATLANTIC STINGRAYS DASYATIS SABINA IN THE HERB RIVER NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, AND INCORPORATING STINGRAY DATA INTO A K-12 CLASSROOM ACTIVITY by SARAH FAE WEBB A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MARINE SCIENCES SAVANNAH STATE UNIVERSITY August 2016 DIFFERENCES IN HABITAT UTILIZATION AND TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE ATLANTIC STINGRAYS DASYATIS SABINA IN THE HERB RIVER NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, AND INCORPORATING STINGRAY PRESENCE DATA INTO A K-12 CLASSROOM ACTIVITY by SARAH FAE WEBB Approved: ______________________________ Thesis Advisor Committee Members ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Approved: ______________________________ ________________ Director Date of Thesis Defense ______________________________ Chair ______________________________ Dean, College of Sciences and Technology DEDICATION For my chums. Thank you for everything. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Mary Carla Curran, for helping me reach my full potential and guiding me along the way. Thank you to my committee members, Dr. Tara Cox and Dr. Amanda Kaltenberg, for your guidance and assistance. To the Marine Science faculty and staff, thank you for making my time at Savannah State University a very enjoyable and adventurous one. Thank you to my lab mates, B. Brinton, C. Brinton, J. Güt, S. Ramsden, H. Reilly, and D. Smith, for continuous help and support along the way. To my lab technician and editor, Michele Sherman, thank you for everything. Thank you to the many Marine Sciences graduate students for always being willing to fish or clean receivers with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of the Stingray Hypanus Marianae , an Endemic
    ReproduCtive Biology of the stingray Hypanus marianae, an endemic species from Southwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean Biologia Reprodutiva da raia Hypanus marianae, uma espécie endêmica do SudOeste do Oceano Atlântico Tropical Biología reproductiva de la raya Hypanus marianae, una especie endémica del suROeste del Océano Atlántico Tropical Ana Rita Onodera Palmeira Nunes1 Getulio Rincon1,2 Ricardo de Souza Rosa3 Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes1 Abstract The Brazilian Large-eyed stingray Hypanus marianae is the smallest species of the family Dasyatidae in Brazil. This study aims to provide data on the reproductive biology of this species captured in artisanal fisheries from Ceará State. A total of 299 individuals of H. marianae were recorded at monitoring landings and adult male to female sex ratio was significantly different (1:2.9), indicating a possible spatial segregation between males and females. The size range was from 13.0 to 36.2cm in disc width (DW). Females reached greater size and body mass (36.2cm DW and 1855g) than males (29.3cm DW and 915g). The reproductive system analyses were based on 81 preserved specimens. The DW50 parameter was estimated at 26.1cm DW for females, and 23.8cm DW for males. Only the left uterus is functional, and birth size was estimated at 13.0–14.0cm DW. Vitellogenesis occurred concurrently with a short gestation (shorter than 6 months) and uterine fecundity is only one embryo per reproductive cycle, which seems to be asynchronous. Keywords: maturity, fecundity, birth, embryos, Dasyatidae. Resumo A raia Mariquita Hypanus marianae é a menor espécie da família Dasyatidae no Brasil e este trabalho tem como objetivo reportar informações acerca da sua biologia reprodutiva a partir de capturas da pesca artesanal no estado do Ceará.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes Scales & Tails Scale Types 1
    Phylum Chordata SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA Metameric chordates Linear series of cartilaginous or boney support (vertebrae) surrounding or replacing the notochord Expanded anterior portion of nervous system THE FISHES SCALES & TAILS SCALE TYPES 1. COSMOID (most primitive) First found on ostracaderm agnathans, thick & boney - composed of: Ganoine (enamel outer layer) Cosmine (thick under layer) Spongy bone Lamellar bone Perhaps selected for protection against eurypterids, but decreased flexibility 2. GANOID (primitive, still found on some living fish like gar) 3. PLACOID (old scale type found on the chondrichthyes) Dentine, tooth-like 4. CYCLOID (more recent scale type, found in modern osteichthyes) 5. CTENOID (most modern scale type, found in modern osteichthyes) TAILS HETEROCERCAL (primitive, still found on chondrichthyes) ABBREVIATED HETEROCERCAL (found on some primitive living fish like gar) DIPHYCERCAL (primitive, found on sarcopterygii) HOMOCERCAL (most modern, found on most modern osteichthyes) Agnatha (class) [connect the taxa] Cyclostomata (order) Placodermi Acanthodii (class) (class) Chondrichthyes (class) Osteichthyes (class) Actinopterygii (subclass) Sarcopterygii (subclass) Dipnoi (order) Crossopterygii (order) Ripidistia (suborder) Coelacanthiformes (suborder) Chondrostei (infra class) Holostei (infra class) Teleostei (infra class) CLASS AGNATHA ("without jaws") Most primitive - first fossils in Ordovician Bottom feeders, dorsal/ventral flattened Cosmoid scales (Ostracoderms) Pair of eyes + pineal eye - present in a few living fish and reptiles - regulates circadian rhythms Nine - seven gill pouches No paired appendages, medial nosril ORDER CYCLOSTOMATA (60 spp) Last living representatives - lampreys & hagfish Notochord not replaced by vertebrae Cartilaginous cranium, scaleless body Sea lamprey predaceous - horny teeth in buccal cavity & on tongue - secretes anti-coaggulant Lateral Line System No stomach or spleen 5 - 7 year life span - adults move into freshwater streams, spawn, & die.
    [Show full text]