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Dahunsi Ebook.Pdf ! " # $% ! "# $"#%&'() (*(+& , ! - . ! ! & - - / ! / , / 0 1 2 3 ! 2 1 1 & ' !" # !" # $ %$ ! " # $ !% ! & $ ' ' ($ ' # % % ) %* %' $ ' + " % & ' ! # $, ( $ - . ! "- ( % . % % % % $ $ $ - - - - // $$$ 0 1"1"#23." "0" )*4/ +) * !5 !& 6!7%66898& % ) - 2 : ! * & $&'()*+,+*-./+,*/0+- ; "-< %/ = -%> -%9?8@ /- A9?8@"0" )*4/ +) "3 " & 9?8@ DEDICATION To the one who brought me joy, happiness, fulfillment and makes me feel being a real man, Beulah Oluwagbemisola. 1 AKNOWLEDGEMENT I sincerely appreciate God the giver of life, by whose power and will I have achieved this feat. May all glory and honour be to His name forever. I want to use this medium to appreciate my biological father; Pastor Stephen Olaolu Olawuyi Dahunsi for his tremendous contribution to my life and academic pursuit up till this extent. He has and is still labouring so incensantly both financially and morally to see me become an erudite scholar in life. May your efforts never be in vain in Jesus name. My mother, Lady Evangelist F.B. Dahunsi has done a great job in bringing me up to this starture, she and my siblings (Olawale, Olakunle, Olajide, Olaleke, Olabode and Bolanle) are all appreciated. My treasure, Beulah Oluwagbemisola has been a wonderful blessing to my life, I commend your courage and determination for a successful life and I know together, we shall achieve great feats. I have great and laudable respect for all my teachers in life. I want to categorically single out Dr. Oranusi Uche Solomon who co-author this book; anytime I write the story of my life and his name does not jump out loud, then it is never a complete story. Until I find out otherwise, I believe no one could have given me a better tutelage than what I have had under him over the years. Or can anyone imagine a mentor/role model who will always embark on fasting and prayers, coupled with unquantifiable financial and material support all to make his student an excellent academic. Sir, your name is undoubtedly written in gold on the sand of time and God almighty will go an extra mile to replenish your efforts and sweat in Jesus name. Other meritorious teachers, academic mentors and friends who have touched my life are Professor O.O Fawole; Dr. S.O Adewoye; Dr. Akeem Akinboro; Mr. T.A Ayandiran and Mr. M.A Ogundiran (LAUTECH, Ogbomoso), Professor M.O. Oyawoye (Osun State Commissioner for Environment and sanitation and 2 undoubtedly a mother indeed), Professor Ogi Okwumabua (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA), Professor Raphael B.A Fernandez (Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Dr. Sandra Pucciarelli (University of Camerino, Italy), Dr. Angela Eni (University of Wittwatersrand, South Africa), Professor Charles Ogbulogo; Dr. O.O. Obembe; Dr. I.S. Afolabi; Dr. S.O. Rotimi; Mr. Taiwo Oluwagbenga; Dr. Obinna Nwinyi; Dr. A.H. Adebayo and Dr. O.O. Ogunlana (Covenant University, Ota), Mr. Morenikeji Olanrewaju (FUTA), Dr. Igbinosa Etinosa (UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, Netherlands), Dr. Adebayo Adeyemo (Federal University of Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil), Mr. Somorin Yinka (National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland) and Mr. Alfa Meshach (ABU, Zaria). Elder Rufus Oyedeji is highly appreciated for his immense support, Pastor ‘Niyi Adebayo (My spiritual mentor), Pastor and Mrs. Philip Opadotun, Pastor ‘Wole Ajala (My destiny helpers), Mr. Seun Ejilude (Sacred Heart Hospital, Lantoro, Abeokuta), Mr. Ishola Raphael (FUNAAB, Abeokuta), Supol Oyegbemi Bukoye (DCO, Sango Ota Police Station), Mr. and Mrs. Tosin Ajanaku (Faithful and committed friends), Engr. Adekunle Oluwafemi (AIICO Insurance), Mr. Mike Peacemaker (Loughborough, United Kingdom), Mr. Adeyeye Emmanuel (United Kingdom) and Miss Ajobo Korede ( University of Sunderland, United Kingdom) are all appreciated. To all my students over the years, thank you for making me a better teacher by the day. Finally, I like to appreciate all the bodies and institutions who have offered me scholarships and various grants. They include The Academy of Science for Developing World (TWAS), The Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt among others. 3 TABLE OF CONTENT DEDICATION...................................................................................................1 AKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................2 TABLE OF CONTENT....................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................8 CHAPTER ONE...............................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................9 1.1 Bioindicator for aquatic pollution.....................................................11 1.2 Biochemical and Haematological alterations....................................12 1.3 Morphological and Behavioral observations....................................14 1.4 Bioaccumulation...............................................................................17 1.5 Fish as indicator organism...............................................................20 1.6 Catfishes...........................................................................................21 1.6.1. Distribution and habitat………………………………………..22 1.6.2. Morphology…………………………………………………….22 1.6.3. Aquaculture…………………………………………………….23 1.6.4. Taxonomy………………………………………………………25 1.7 Clarias gariepinus.............................................................................26 1.7.1. Natural distribution.................................................................26 1.7.2. Description………………………………………………………26 1.7.3. Habitat………………………………………………………….27 1.7.4. Rearing of Clarias gariepinus………………………………….27 4 1.7.5. Scientific classification………………………………………….28 1.8 Background of the study………………………………………………29 1.9 Statement of the problem………………………………………………30 1.10 Objectives of the study……………………………………………..31 1.11 Scope of the Study…………………………………………………31 1.12 Hypotheses………………………………………………………….31 CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................33 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................33 CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................42 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................42 3.1 Toxic sample collection.....................................................................42 3.2 Live material……………………………………………………………42 3.3 Physicochemical analysis………………………………………………43 3.4 Toxicity test ……………………………………………………………43 3.4.1 Acute evaluation..................................................................43 3.4.2 Chronic evaluation...............................................................44 3.5 Biochemical analysis..........................................................................44 3.5.1. Total Protein determination…………………………………44 3.5.2. Plasma Glucose determination……………………………..45 3.5.3. Serum Albumin determination………………………………45 3.5.4. Total Cholesterol determination……………………………46 3.5.5. Globulin determination………………………………………47 3.6. Haematological analysis..................................................................47 3.7. Digestion of specimen for metal analysis.........................................48 5 3.8. Statistical analysis...........................................................................49 CHAPTER FOUR...........................................................................................50 4.0 RESULT......................................................................................................50 4.1 Physicochemical characteristics of Chemical additives effluent……..50 4.2 Behavioral responses of test organism……………………………….50 4.3 Mortality……………………………………………………………….50 4.4 Effects of Chemical additive effluent on the Biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus………………………………………………………………51 4.5 Effects of Chemical additive effluent on the Haematology of Clarias gariepinus………………………………………………………………51 4.6 Concentration of metals in various biomarkers……………………..51 CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................64 5.0 DISCUSSION..............................................................................................64 CHAPTER SIX................................................................................................71 6.0 CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY…………………………………………..71 6.1 Conclusion.........................................................................................71 6.2 Contributions to knowledge...............................................................71
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