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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85062-9 - Ho Chi Minh: A Biography Pierre Brocheux Index More information

Index

An Nam Cong San Dang (Annamite Bukharin, Nicolai, 42, 46, 59, 75, Communist Party), 48 213 Arnoux, Louis, 15, 84, 223 Buu Hoi, 119 Attlee, Clement, 111 Aubrac, Raymond and Lucie, 120, 122, Cabot Lodge, Henry, 166 228 Cachin, Marcel, 16 Auriol, Vincent, 127 Cadiere,` Leopold,´ 140, 231 Cai Yuanpei, rector at Peking University, 35 Baden Powell, Robert, 96, 97 Cambodia, 2, 117, 131, 133, 151, 169 Bao Dai (Vinh Thuy), 90, 92, 98, 106, 109, Cancellieri, Charles, 55 111 Canton (Guangzhou), 29–35, 37, 41 as French-appointed head of State, 133, Ho Chi Minh in, 29, 33, 36, 37, 39 143, 165, 167 Cao Dai sect (political-religious Bazin, Alfred, 51 movement), xiii, 92, 97, 103, 165, 182, Bedell-Smith, Walter, 150 207, 226 Beria, Lavrenti Plavovich, 59 Cao Van Luan, 124 Bernard, Harry, 88 Caput, Louis, 112 Bidault, Georges, 117–19, 121, 129, 141, Catholics, 92, 165–6 150, 228 and Ho Chi Minh, 39, 98, 100, 124, Bloncourt, Elie,´ 19 139–40, 142–3, 152, 180 Bloncourt, Max Clainville, 19 Charton, Pierre, 136–8, 231 Blucher,¨ Vassili K., 31, 59, 215 Chen Duxiu, 49 Blum, Leon,´ 129 Chen Geng, 142, 145, 147, 232 Borodin, Michel (Mikhail Gruzenberg), 28, Chen Jiongming, 30 30–3, 39, 41, 59, 215 Chen Xiuhe, 107, 108 Boudarel, Georges, 164 Chen Yannian, 32 Bradley, Mark, 87 Chennault, Claire Lee, 85, 89, 93 Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 116, 151 Cherepanov, A. I., 215 Briand, Aristide, 15 Chiang Kai-shek, 30–1, 81 Briere,` Marie, 21 and Chinese Nationalist government, Browder, Earl, 108 40–1, 65–6, 105, 111–12 Buddhism, 47, 165, 207 China, 41, 66, 111, 152, 161 and Ho Chi Minh, 11, 28, 46, 67, 100, Ho Chi Minh in, 65–6, 69, 78, 86, 144, 186 174 Bui Cong Trung, 59 relations with the DRV, 95, 99, 105–9, Bui Lam, 98 132, 171, 172, 174 Bui Quang Chieu, 9 relations with the Soviet Union, 30–1, Bui Tin, 148, 186, 187 161, 170–1

259

260 / Index

Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 31–2, Dong Sy Nguyen, 140 161 Donovan, William, 112 and aid to Vietnamese communists, 37, Doriot, Jacques, 41–4, 73, 217 65, 131, 141–8, 171, 175 Dorsenne, Jacques, 53, 57 Chu Van Tan, 85 Ducoroy, Jean, 96 Churchill, Winston, 95 Ducroux, Joseph, 215, 219 Claudel, Henri Edmond, 54 Ducroux, Joseph (Serge Lefranc), 54 Committee of Mutual Economic Aid Duiker, William J., xiv, 182 (COMECON), 175 Dumaine, Jacques, 121 Communist International (Comintern). See Dumont, Rene,´ 153, 237 Soviet Union Duy Tan, Emperor, 12, 98, 113, 227 Confucianism, 3, 5, 47 and Ho Chi Minh, 6, 11, 20, 27, 38–9, Eden, Anthony, 150 80, 180, 184–6 Ehrenburg, Ilya, 60 Cripps, Stafford, 56 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 175 Cultural Revolution (China), 170, 174–5 England. See Great Britain Cuu Quoc Quan (Army of National Escofﬁer, Auguste, 11 Salvation), 85 Fen Yuxiang, 81 Dai Viet (Greater Vietnam Party), 82 Fenn, Charles, 88–9, 184 Dang Cong San Viet Nam (Vietnamese Figueres,` Leo,´ 134–5, 232 Communist Party, or VCP), 49 Fonde, Jean-Julien, 128, 228–9 Dang Quynh Anh, 46 Fontainebleau Conference, 118–25 Dang Thuc Hua, 46 France, 12, 14, 18, 43, 64, 75, 109 Dang Van Viet, 234 and Franco-Vietminh war, 104, 109–19, Dang Xuan Khu. See Truong Chinh 123–8, 131, 133, 149–51 Dao Duy Anh, 162 and French Indochina, 5, 15–16, 19, Darlan-Kato Accords, 68 52–5, 84, 103, 109–10 Decoux, Jean, 74, 84, 88 and its colonies, 15 de Gaulle, Charles, 87, 109–13, 118, 227 Ho Chi Minh in, 9, 12–14, 20, 116, De Lanessan Hospital, 114 118–23 Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), Ho Chi Minh’s attitude toward, 6, 9, 14, 94, 96, 151–2, 179 25, 27, 114, 119–23 Deng Xiaoping, 41, 175 French Communist Party (FCP), 18, 23–5, Deng Yingchao, 39 43, 51, 75, 77, 117, 119 Desfourneaux, Rene,´ 92 French Socialist Party (FSP), 14, 16–18, Dimitrov, Georgi, 56, 72, 75 21 Ding Ling, 163, 164 Frey, Ernst, 230 Do Duc Ho, 53 Furet, Franc¸ois, 17 Do Thi Lac, 181, 240 Doi Viet Nam Tuyen Giai Phong Quan Gaiduk, Ilya, 151 (Armed Propaganda Brigade of the Gallagher, Philip, 227 Vietnamese Liberation Army), 85 Gallieni, Joseph, 101 Dong Du (Journey to the East), 6, 46 Gauss, Clarence, 87 Dong Duong Caphe (Indochina Cafe),´ Gay, Francisque, 120 87–8 Geneva Accords, 145, 149–51, 164–7 Dong Duong Cong San Lien Doan Germany, 30, 58, 176, 184 (Indochinese Communist League), 48 Gia Long, Emperor, 230, 240 Dong Kim Giang, 239 Giacobbi, Paul, 110 Dong Minh Hoi, see Vietnamese Girardet, Raoul, 15 Revolutionary League Godart, Justin, 70

Index / 261

Gomulka, Wladislaw, 161 Hong Kong, 47, 49 Gordon, L. L., 88 arrest of Ho Chi Minh in, 54–7 Gouin, Felix,´ 118 Ho Chi Minh in, 40, 44, 47–8, 63 Gourou, Pierre, 153 Hou Zhiming, 81 Gracey, Douglas, 95 House, Edward M., 178, 211 Gras, Yves, 132 Hu Feng, 161, 235 Great Britain, 54–6, 95 Hue Quan, 35, 39 Ho Chi Minh in, 10–11, 96 Humanism and Belles-Lettres movement, Great Leap Forward (China), 170 160–4 Greene, Graham, 178, 184 Hung Vuong, 177 Guilin, 207 Hurley, Patrick, 113 Guillermaz, Jacques, 66 Huynh Phu So, 103, 229 Huynh Thuc Khang, 98 Hai Lu Feng, 41 Haiphong, 95, 114, 116, 126, 128 Indochinese Communist Party (ICP), 50, Hanoi, 152, 159–60 55, 64, 73–5, 93, 99, 107 and founding of the DRV (1945), 93–4, Isaacs, Harold, 185 101–3, 115–16 and the Battle for Hanoi (1946), 127–8, Japan, 17, 68, 75, 88, 90, 92 130, 133–4, 139 Jenkin, F. C., 55 Henry, Yves, 153 Joffe,´ Adolf, 30, 35 Herbart, Pierre, 53 Johansson, Eric, 28 Hertrich, Jean-Michel, 100 Juin, Alphonse, 118 Ho Chi Minh and the Comintern, 32, 36, 41–51, Kang Sheng, 61 59–61, 64, 75, 77, 186 Karnow, Stanley, 21 and women, 21, 39, 40, 61–3, 84, 181, Khai Dinh, Emperor, 19 217 Khanh Ky, 211 birth of, 2, 207 Khrushchev, Nikita, 144–5, 161, 170–3, pseudonyms, 9, 21, 31, 49, 58, 60, 89, 176, 239 164; adoption of Nguyen Ai Quoc, 13; Kim Lien, 207 adoption of Ho Chi Minh, 78; Kirov, Sergei Mironovich, 59 undercover disguises, 23, 44, 47, 57, Kobelev, Yevgeni, 207 65, 136 Kolarov, Vasili P., 44, 217 Ho Hoc Lam, 68, 216 Korea, 17, 29, 133, 141, 150, 152 Ho Tung Mau, 35–6, 55 Kosygin, Alexei, 173, 176 Hoa Hao sect (political-religious Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), movement), 92, 93, 97, 103, 124, 165 28, 30–2, 40, 67, 85, 99, 105 Hoang Dao Thuy, 97 Kuusinen, Otto, 62 Hoang Minh Chinh, 174, 239 Hoang Minh Giam, 120, 129 Lalouette, Roger, 166, 236 Hoang Quoc Chinh, 101 Lam Duc Thu (Nguyen Cong Vien), 35, 39, Hoang Quoc Viet, 73 40, 47, 216 Hoang Sam, 85 Laos, 95, 117, 131–4, 151, 169 Hoang Thong, 6 Lattre de Tassigny, Jean-Marie Gabriel de, Hoang Tung, 147, 151, 158 141 Hoang Van Hoan, 44, 85, 238 Le Duan, 147, 166–7, 170, 186, 238 Hoang Van Non, 60 Le Duc Tho, 130, 166, 170, 176 Hoang Van Thai, 85 Le Flahec, Captain, 125–6 Hoang Van Thu, 73 Le Hong Phong (Litvinov), 35–6, 60, 63, Honel, Maurice, 77 219

262 / Index

Le Hong Son, 39 Maran, Rene,´ 15 Le Huu Tu, 100, 140–3 Maring, Hans (Hendrikus Sneevliet), 28, 35 Le Liem, 173 Marrane, Georges, 119 Le Loi, Emperor, 230, 239 Marty, Louis, 174 Le Manh Trinh, 44 Marxism, 14, 51, 153 Le Quang Ba, 72, 78, 81 and Ho Chi Minh, 17, 27, 42, 61, 184–6 Le Thiet Hung, 37, 68, 85 Mat tran dan toc giai phong Mien Nam Le Trong Nghia, 239 Viet Nam (National Front for the Le Tung Son, 82 Liberation of South Vietnam), 165 Le Van Hien, 98 Mayer, Rene,´ 141 Le Van Mien, 6, 10, 21 Mencius, 20, 186, 241 Leclerc, Philippe (Resistance alias of Mende, Tibor, 162, 235 Philippe Marie de Hauteclocque), 96, Mendes-France,` Pierre, 150, 151 113–15, 118–19, 127 Merlin, Martial, 30, 35 Lefranc, Serge. See Joseph Ducroux Messmer, Pierre, 110, 119 Legendre, A. F., 54, 219 Meynier, Robert, 89 Lenin, Vladimir Illich, 16–17, 24, 28, 30, Missoffe, François, 114 75 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 150 influence on Ho Chi Minh, 17, 23–4, 38, Montfort, Robert, 91 41, 61, 174, 177 Morche,´ Henri, 141 Leotard,´ François, 149 Morliere,` Louis, 125, 129 Lepage, Marcel, 136–8 Moscow, 17, 23, 59 Li Fuchun, 32 Ho Chi Minh in, 22–8, 41–2, 60–1, 145, Li Zongren, 81 174 Liu Bocheng, 72 Mountbatten, Louis, 95, 113 Liu Shaoqi, 172, 175, 238 Moutet, Marius, 13, 120, 123, 125, 127, Liu Zhifu, 35 135, 210 Lombard, General, 54 Munzenberg,¨ Willy, 43 Lon Nol, 169 Mus, Paul, 28, 113, 135 London, 11, 55, 56 Longuet, Jean, 14, 16, 20, 211 Nanning, 207 Loseby, Frank, 55–7 Nehru, Motilal, 43 Louis, Paul, 14 Ngo Dinh Can, 165 Lozeray, Henri, 43 Ngo Dinh Diem, 98, 163–6, 178, 236 Lu Dingyi, 162 Ngo Dinh Kha, 98 Lu Han, 95, 105, 107, 109 Ngo Dinh Khoi, 99 Lui Ribo, 142 Ngo Dinh Nhu, 165 Luo Ruiqing, 175 Ngo Dinh Thuc, 98 Luu Huu Phuoc, 143 Ngo Van Chieu, 126, 132, 207 Luxun, 136 Nguyen Ai Quoc. See Ho Chi Minh Ly Ban, 141, 147, 232 Nguyen An Ninh, 210 Ly Thuong Kiet, 31 Nguyen Binh, 117, 179 Ly Thuy. See Ho Chi Minh Nguyen Chi Thanh, 166, 170 Nguyen Cong Vien. See Lam Duc Thu MacArthur, Douglas, 95 Nguyen Duc Canh, 55 Malaysia, 44, 47 Nguyen Hai Than, 39, 68, 99, 100 Mandelstam, Osip, 27, 28, 38, 59 Nguyen Hue, 2 Maneli, Mieczyslaw, 166, 170 Nguyen Huu Dang, 162, 163 Manuilsky, Dmitri Zakharovitch, 23, 25, Nguyen Khanh Toan, 61, 62 44, 61, 62, 213 Nguyen Luong Bang, 127 Mao Zedong, 73, 149, 161, 170–5 Nguyen Manh Ha, 119, 120

Index / 263

Nguyen Manh Tuong, 162, 163 Pham Le Bong, 139 Nguyen Phong Sac, 55 Pham Ngoc Thach, 97 Nguyen Sinh Cung. See Ho Chi Minh Pham Ngoc Thao, 236 Nguyen Sinh Huy, see Nguyen Sinh Sac Pham Ngoc Thuan, 97 Nguyen Sinh Sac, 3–6 Pham Van Dong, 119, 120, 125, 177 Nguyen Sinh Xin, 5 Pham Viet Thu, 87 Nguyen Son, 37 Phan Anh, 140 Nguyen Tat Thanh. See Ho Chi Minh Phan Boi Chau, 3, 6, 7, 33, 35–7, 46, 68, Nguyen The Ruc, 43 208 Nguyen The Truyen, 42, 210, 212 Phan Chu Trinh, 6, 11–14, 16, 22 Nguyen The Vinh, 42, 43, 76 Phan Dinh Phung, 2 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai, 60–3, 217, 220 Phan Khoi, 162 Nguyen Thi Nam, 158 Phan Phac, 136–8 Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai, 181 Phan Van Chanh, 103 Nguyen Thi Thanh, 5 Phan Van Hum, 103 Nguyen Trai, 177, 180, 239 Phan Van Truong, 11, 13, 14, 210 Nguyen Tuong Tam, 99 Philippines, 87, 88, 106, 122 Nguyen Van Thieu, 166, 236 Phouma, Souvanna, 169 Nguyen Van Thinh, 124 Phu Nu Doan (women’s group), 36 Nguyen Van Tran, 172, 238 Phuc Quoc (National Restoration Party), Nhan Van Giai Pham movement. See 82 Humanism and Belles Lettres Phung Chi Kien, 37, 67, 73 Nordlinger, Stephen L., 112 Phung The Tai, 86, 87, 89–92, 100, 132 Noulens, Hilaire (Paul Ruegg), 54 Pignon, Leon,´ 111, 114, 127 Pineau, Christian, 141 “One Hundred Flowers” campaign Plavov, Pavel A., 35, 215 (China), 161–2 Poldes,` Leo´ (Leopold´ Seszler), 19, 21, 57, Outrey, Max, 20 120, 178 Poincare,´ Raymond, 21 Paris, 6, 15, 21, 124 Potsdam Conference, 95, 105 Ho Chi Minh in, xiv, 11–14, 21, 23, 119, Pouvourville, Alexandre de, 20 120, 178 Preobrazhensky, Evgenii, 46, 75 Paris Accords (1973), 169 Pritt, D. N., 55 Pasquier, Pierre, 16 Pasternak, Boris, 161 Quang Trung (Nguyen Hue), 2, 177 Patti, Archimedes, 89, 90, 105–6, 109, Quang Trung, Emperor, 230, 240 112–13, 178, 227 Quoc Hoc (National Academy), 4, 6 Paul, Jean-Baptiste, 120 Pavlov, P. A., 31 Rabemananjara, Jacques, 121, 212 Peng Pai, 147 Rabemananjara, Raymond, 121 Peng Shuzhi, 24, 26, 42, 213 Rakosi, Matyas, 161 People’s Communes (China), 170 Ralaimongo, Jean, 18, 19, 212 Petain,´ Philippe, 74, 137, 138 Ramadier, Paul, 127 Petchkov, Zinovi, 89 Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), Petoﬁ¨ circle (Hungary), 163 164–6 Petrov, Fedorivitch, 27 Revolt of the Short-Hairs, 4, 6 Pham Ba Truc, 180 Revolutionary Youth League (Thanh Pham Duy, 128, 143, 229 Nien), 36–8, 41, 46–8 Pham Duy Khiem, 123, 229 Reynaud, Paul, 53, 218 Pham Hong Thai, 30, 37, 215 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 87, 112 Pham Khac Hoe, 98 Roux, Jules, 13, 210

264 / Index

Roy, Manabendra Nath, 26, 28 Tay Du (Journey to the West), 6, 8 Ruegg, Paul. See Hilaire Noulens Thai Van Lung, 97 Thailand (Siam), 2, 36, 44, 46, 47, 95, Sacco-Vanzetti case, 56 131 Saigon, 8, 55, 77, 95–7 Thanh Nien. See Revolutionary Youth Sainteny, Jean, 110–15, 118, 120, 127–9, League 227 Thanh Nien Cong San Doan (Communist Salan, Raoul, 114, 118, 120, 134 Youth Group), 36 Sante´ Prison (Paris), 13 Thanh Thai, Emperor, 3, 12, 98, 208 Sarraut, Albert, 15, 19, 20, 25, 178, 223 Thierry d’Argenlieu, Georges, 113–15, 117, Sarrotte, Henri Charles, 18, 212 120, 124 Schoenbrun, David, 7 Thieu Nhi Doan (children’s group), 36 Schumann, Maurice, 120 Thomas, Allison, 91, 111 Shaw, Rudolph, 86 Tillon, Charles, 119 Siam. See Thailand Tito, Josip Broz, 161, 227 Sihanouk, Norodom, 90, 109, 169 To Huu, 143, 234 Singapore, 43, 54, 56 Tong Minh Phuong, 87 Sisavang Vong, 90, 109 Tours Congress, 16, 17, 22 Smith, Ralph, 173 Tran Dan, 162, 163 Sokolov, Anatoli, 26 Tran Duc Thao, 162, 163 Solzhenitzyn, Alexander, 59 Tran Hung Dao, 46 Soong Qingling, 57 Tran Huu Tuoc, 146 Souvarine, Boris, 14, 211 Tran Huy Lieu, 175 Soviet Union, 17, 30, 160, 170–1 Tran Le Xuan, 165 and the Comintern, 17, 25, 28, 41, 43, Tran Minh Tuoc, 136, 138 47–9, 64, 74–8 Tran Ngoc Danh, 108 Ho Chi Minh in, 23, 29, 57, 58, 60 Tran Phu, 50, 55 relations with the DRV, 132, 171–3 Tran Quoc Hoan, 240 Stalin, Joseph, 28, 41, 75–6, 95, 108, 170 Tran Trong Kim, 92, 124 and Ho Chi Minh, 20, 75–6, 144–5 Tran Van Giau, 78, 102 Stalin School (University of the Toilers of Tran Van Thach, 104 the East), xiv, 37, 54, 57, 76 Treint, Albert, 25 and Ho Chi Minh, 24–7, 42, 59–60, 62 Trotsky, Leon, 28, 41, 49, 76 Stephany,´ Samuel, 18, 19, 212 Trotskyites, 58, 76–8, 97, 103, 104, 222 Sternel, Jacques, 21, 22, 212 Truman, Harry, 95, 111, 112 Stilwell, Joseph, 78 Truong Boi Cong, 68, 82 Sun Yat-sen, 30, 35, 40, 41, 57, 107 Truong Chinh, 73, 74, 93, 127, 130, 156, 169, 234 Ta Quang Buu, 98 Truong Tuu, 163 Ta Thu Thau, 77, 99 Truong Van Linh, 40 Tam Tam Xa (Association of Like Minds), tu ve (self-defense militia), 84, 126, 128, 35–6 134 Tan, Frank, 88, 89 Tan Trao, 93 U.S.S.R. See Soviet Union Tan Viet Nam Cach Mang Dang United States (Revolutionary Youth League of and the war in Vietnam, 133, 141, 149, Annam), 48 150, 165–9, 236 Tan Viet Thanh Nien Doan (Youth of the Ho Chi Minh in, 10 New Vietnam), 35 relations with France, 87, 112, 150 Tang Tuyet Minh, 39, 174, 181, 217 relations with Ho Chi Minh, 78, 85–92, Taoism, 47, 186 106, 111, 112, 178

Index / 265

Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 16, 57, 219 Vu Dinh Huynh, 140, 151, 158, 174 Valluy, Jean-Etienne,´ 119, 127, 134, 178 Vu Dinh Tung, 139 Van Tien Dung, 147 Vu Hong Khanh, 68, 99, 115 Vanlande, R., 53 Vu Ky, 128, 129 Vassilieva, Vera Irina, 60–3 Vu Ngoc Nha, 236 Versailles Conference, 13, 17, 22, 28, 178 Vu Thu Hien, 173 Vichniakova-Akimova, Vera, 32 Vuong Chi Thanh, 101 Viet Cong, 165, 167 Vuong Thua Vu, 127, 130 Viet Minh Front, 74, 84, 88, 90, 110, 167 Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi Wang Fanxi, 76, 77 (League for the Independence of Wang Ming, 77 Vietnam). See Viet Minh Front Wang Yang Ming, 186, 241 Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang (VNQDD). See Wedemeyer, Albert C., 95 Vietnamese Nationalist Party Wei Guoqing, 142, 174, 232 Viet Nam Thanh Nien Cach Menh Dong Whampoa Academy, 31, 35, 40–1, 68, 142 Chi Hoi (or Thanh Nien). See Wilson, Woodrow, 17, 178, 211 Revolutionary Youth League Woodside, Alexander, xiii Viet Phuong, 176, 177 Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD), Xiao Sen, 26 51, 55, 99, 103 Xiao Wen, 105 Vietnamese Revolutionary League (Viet Xuan Phuong, 138, 156, 157 Nam Cach Menh Dong Minh Hoi, or Xunzi (Hsun-Tzu), 80, 185, 186, 241 Dong Minh Hoi), 82, 99, 103, 105, 108 Yang Hucheng, 66 Vietnamese Workers’ Party (VWP), 133, Ye Jianying, 66 147, 154, 156, 166, 169, 172–4 Yezhov, Nikolai (head of the NKVD, or Villemotier-Comberaine, 53 Soviet secret police), 62 Vinh Thuy. See Bao Dai Yuan Shikai, 30 Viollis, Andree,´ 8, 53, 218 Vo Bam, 167 Zecchini, Michele, 22 Vo Nguyen Giap, 69, 90, 100, 106, 142, Zhang Fakui, 66, 68, 69, 81–3, 86, 89 145, 221 Zhang Tailei, 32, 33, 39, 40, 41 and Battle for Hanoi, 128, 130, 136 Zhang Xueliang, 66 as part of Ho Chi Minh’s government, Zhou Enlai, 32, 39, 67, 78, 81, 144, 150–1, 116, 147, 150–1, 157, 169, 173–4 161, 170, 175–6 Voitinsky, Grigory, 35 Zhu De, 65, 72 Voroshilov, Kliment, 28 Zinoviev (Grigori Ievseivitch Radomylski), Vu Anh, 67, 73, 91 25, 28, 59 Vu Dinh Hoe, 141, 164 Zorkii, Mark, 62