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6-12 APRIL 1994 NUMBER 4415 VOLUME 145 HEADLINES NEWS ANALYSIS The sky's the limit BMW R-R has designs on BR500 4 19 Eurocontrol chief discusses his aims Eurofighter flies into political problems Abu Dhabi signals Gulf Air pull-out 5 FEATURES Pilatus ponders trainer production move UK denies aerospace new cash 6 Aloft at last 20 US Naval League show report Eurofighter 2000 prospects analysed 777: the inside view 23 Boeing twinjet technical update COVER STORY AIR TRANSPORT Military flight safety 30 Following the long-awaited maiden flight Annual review of incidents worldwide of the Eurofighter 2000, Flight Interna­ Investigators puzzle over A310 crash 8 tional looks at the prospects for the troub­ REGULARS Boeing in India overhaul tie-up led four-nation programme. P20 United agrees to employee take-over 9 Comment 3 France initiates ADS trials Industry 18 TWA's Atlanta hub to be run down 10 People 40 CRISP first-test data undergoes analysis Letters 41 Australia Air gains deadline extension 11 Thomson-CSF presses for ATC unification Straigh t and Level 42

Flight International is a weekly news magazine for professionals working DEFENCE in all sectors of the aerospace industry worldwide, serving all branches The "brain" behind Boeing's 777 examined. P23 of airframe systems, support equipment and component manufacture and all sectors of operation, including air transport, general aviation, defence, spaceflight and regulatory and other authorities. Rudder the culprit in Hercules crash 12 Subscriptions: Only paid subscriptions available. Subscription prices: European basic qualified rate: one year £60, two Siemens leads Hughes ASTOR bid years £105, three years £135. Prices for the rest of the world available on request. Please allow four to six weeks for delivery of first issue. The BAe sounds alarm over FLA work 13 publisher reserves the right to determine whether qualified or non-qualified Polish 1-22 deliveries stepped up price applies. Tel: +44 (81) 649 7271: fax: +44 (81)681 0753. Subscription period: The minimum subscription period is one year. We Balkan stints stretch AWACS units are unable to refund any money if you cancel. 14 Cash with order: All orders must be accompanied by payment or details Beefed-up C-17 has first flight of your credit card. Change of address: At least two weeks notice (four weeks overseas) is needed for amendments. Please enclose the label from the magazine wrapper when sending your instructions. Missing issues: Replacement copies will be sent, within reason, provided GENERAL AVIATION claims are received within three months ot the publication date. Details of military accidents worldwide. P30 If you are unable to obtain Flight International at your local news agent, please call Martin Parr; tel: +44 (81) 302 5101. TT«1 Z ~l~-*-l Z -~ ~ Product-liability sanction due soon 15 J_v 11^11L111 At;*v Sherpa chases US certification The full text of Flight International and Airline Business can be found on the following databases: DataStar, FT Profile, ESA, Predicasls, Textline, Mead Nexis and ICA. Details from: tel +44 (81) 302 5101; lax: +44 (81) =2£L_- 300 7367. SPACEFLIGHT -Jk^gmm

*-•• a, NTERNATtONAL Microsoft/McCaw link on new system 16 '"* Published in association with Airline Business by Reed Business Mars rover undergoes Mojave tests Publishing, Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5AS, UK NEXT WEEK © Copyright Reed Business Publishing 1993. Founded 1909. Second-class postage paid at Champlain, New York and additional entries. Postmaster: Send address corrections lo Flight International, c/o IMS, Box BUSINESS The Flight International Ageing Airliner 1518, Champlain, NY 12919, Census shows that, in a continuing world­ pE Engines predicts 1997 recovery 17 wide recession, non-replacement of fleets REED keeps older aircraft in service Lower taxes boost Singapore Aerospace '& PUBLISHING ISSN 0015-3710

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C-27 Multi-purpose STOL Airlifter COMMENT rNTERMATIONAL Fdltorial Enquiries +44 (81) 652 3842 „rial Fax +44 (81) 852 3840 Oisglay Advertising +44 (81) 652 3315 Say Advertising Fax +44 (81) 652 8981 Classified Advertising +44 (81) 661 6373 riassilied Advertising Fax +44 (81) 652 3279 Telex 892084 REEDBP G Subscriptions +44 (81) 402 8491 fax: +44 (81) 402 8383 Back issues (recent copies only) WORKERS OF THE +44 (371) 810433 Picture Library +44 (81) 652 3427 Flight Directories +44 (707) 665151 USA Newstrade Sales Enquiries +1 (718) 392 7477 WORLD UNITE LONDON Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, nited Airlines, one of the world's cious little to solve fundamental problems of Surrey SM2 5AS, UK largest carriers is about to become over-capacity or dwindling seat-prices. EDITORIAL ENQUIRES +44 (81) 652 3842 Editor Allan Winn +44 (81) 652 3882 the biggest employee-controlled This US trend is also curiously at odds Editor's PA Barbara Raine +44 (81) 652 3882 firm in the USA. It will have a with the attempts being made in the rest of Deputy Editor Forbes Mutch +44 (81) 652 3852 neUw senior management and, it is to be the world to make airlines more competi­ News Editor Andrew Chuter +44 (81) 652 3843 Operations/Safety Editor +44 (81) 652 3845 hoped, industrial peace. It is unlikely to gain tive. Especially in Europe, the aim (if not David Learmount any real improvement in profitability, however. Business Editor Kevin OToole +44 (81) 652 3835 the achievement so far) is to remove airlines Commercial Aviation Editor Kieran Daly +44 (81) 652 3837 Enthusiasts paint such deals as the proto­ from social ownership and place them in the Defence Aviation Editor Douglas Barrie +44 (81) 652 3834 hands of hard-nosed commercial business­ Technology/Industry Editor Simon Elliott +44 (81) 652 3838 types for a brave new tomorrow for the Data Systems Editor Jenny Long +44 (81) 652 3847 USA's troubled big airlines. It might be men. That some of those transitions have Editorial Assistant Kate Sarslield +44 (81) 652 3842 wondered whether in­ not yet happened Production Editor Chris Thornton +44 (81) 652 3850 Design Editor Mike Wells +44 (81) 652 3828 stead they represent a should act as a warn­ Layout Sub-editor Annabel Goddard +44 (81) 652 3848 giant step backwards, ing to those who Technical Artist Tim Hall +44 (81) 652 8047 would pursue the Technical Artist David Hatchard +44 (81) 652 8047 doing nothing to make Technical Artist Giuseppe Picarella +44 (81) 652 8054 a big traditional airline route of employee Spaceflight Correspondent Tim Furniss +44 (237) 451756 more competitive with ownership. Air France Photographer (Europe) Mark Wagner +44 (81) 944 5225 the new, smaller, low- remains saddled by Display Advertisement Sales Group Advertisement Manager Trevor Parker +44 (81) 652 3319 cost ones. high costs and excess Advertisement Secretary Lisa Goold +44 (81) 652 3315 The theory behind employment because Deputy Advertisement Manager Nick Wilcox +44 (81) 652 3892 its employees refuse Senior Area Manager Robin Gordon +44 (81) 652 4998 the deal is beguilingly Area Manager Janice Lowe +44 (81) 652 3316 simple: the only way tLmployees have begun to accept cuts and its Advertisement Production Howard Mason +44 (81) 652 3267 to get the employees to state owner has been EUROPE/MIDDLE EAST drop crippling restric­ to assume the role of forced effectively to European Editor Julian Moxon +33 (1) 46 29 47 61 remove it from the Fax +33 (1) 46 29 47 49 tive practices and job Munich Correspondent Andrzej Jeziorski +49 (89) 689 1041 security is to give them major creditors instead privatisation lists. Fax +49 (89) 689 1045 effective ownership Lufthansa remains Paris Correspondent Gilbert Sedbon +33 (1) 4825 5261 unprivatised because Israel Correspondent Arie Egozi +972 (3) 967 1155 and control. With a of major assets." Moscow Correspondent Alexander Velovich +7 (095) 393 4717 stake in its future, they of the crushing cost of Fax +7 (095) 393 4717 should be more co-operative and flexible, replacing its state-run pension plan. Sales Director (France) Pierre Mussard +33 (1) 46 29 46 29 trading away security today for profit share Representative (Italy) Romano Ferrario +39 (2) 58084 302 Traditionally, US companies have not when all comes right tomorrow — in theory. suffered from such onerous restrictions: the AMERICAS American Editor Graham Warwick +1 (404) 587 2927 All those advantages have been available land of the free was one of hire-and-fire. Fax +1 (404) 594 1534 — in theory — to all the other employee- Ironically, it is now the land where company Washington Correspondent Ramon Lopez +1 (703) 836 7443 Fax +1 (703) 836 8344 owned airlines, yet none has derived any­ managements cannot force through changes USA West Coast Correspondent (Los Angeles) thing other than short-term success from without handing over control. Guy Norris +1 (714) 252 8971 such ownership. Conversely, all of the Fax +1 (714) 252 8972 Perhaps that is where the whole problem Photographer (USA) Craig Schmitman +1 (805) 649 9192 changes which United seeks have been really began: the managements of many of implemented by others without resorting to the large US airlines have effectively been President RBP (USA) Ray Barnes +1 (212) 867 2080 handing over control to the employees. losing control of their businesses to their Traffic Manager Josie Cordero +1 (212) 867 2080 British Airways, arguably the world's most Fax +1 (212) 687 6604 creditors. Control has been traded for reduc­ Vice President US Sales John Tidy +1 (714) 756 1057 successful private-sector airline and which tion, re-assigning or waiving of debt. All that Fax +1 (714) 756 2514 does not have institutionalised employee is happening now is that employees as Sales Director (Mid West and Canada) Gene Glendinning +1 (708) 635 9920 shareholding, has set up low-cost subsidiar­ organised groups have begun to assume the Fax +1 (708) 635 0602 ies — not without employee resistance, but role of major creditors instead of major Sales Oirector (East Coast) Robert Hancock +1 (703) 836 7444 with measurable success. Southwest Air­ assets. They, like other creditors, are accept­ Fax +1 (703) 836 7446 lines, the nearest thing to cliche success, is ing lower payments in return for control of Business Development Director Sheena Robbins +1 (703) 836 7444 an old-fashioned entrepreneur-led company a company which may, in the future, pay Fax +1 (703) 836 7446 which has succeeded by offering no frills to them a handsome dividend. ASIA/PACIFIC anybody, customers and employees alike. Employees, individually or collectively (as +65 226 3188 In the long term, the survival and ultimate the United employees will act, through *ian Editor (Singapore) John Bailey Fax +65 227 1769 +61 (70) 532 791 success of an airline rests much more on trusts) do not have, however, the dispassion­ •"tralian Correspondent Paul Phelan Fax +61 (70) 533 003 tough, objective, financial and operational ate distance from their investments which {** Oirector Mike Hancock (Singapore) +65 226 3188 management, rather than on the goodwill of normal trade investors can have. "«ount Manager Susan Yeo +65 226 3188 share-owning employees. Such deals may The real measure of the worth of such Fax +65 223 6960 "jjHinal Representative (Japan) reduce an airline's major controllable cost, hand-overs of control will arrive the first b | ™chi Maruyama +81 (3) 3234 2161 employment, by effectively buying employ­ time that an employee-dominated manage­ Fax +81 (3) 3234 1143 ees out of expensive wage claims, but ment has to make a choice between cutting '""lisherlavin Howe +44 (81) 652 3675 reduced employment costs alone do pre- wages or workers. • For_fuii advertisement information see page 47.

HIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 3 HEADLINES

Westland/Ferranti take-overs near Japanese in BMW R-R ake-over bids for Wes- Ttland and Ferranti Inter­ national are moving close to completion, marking another round of consolidation within the UK aerospace industry. talks on BR500 launch Automotive engineering group GKN, which launched which has been selected for the No contracts have been BY ANDRZEJ JEZIORSKI yet-to-be-launched McDonnell signed and no decisions about a hostile bid for Westland in IN MUNICH early February, is close to Douglas MD-95 100-seat re­ development of the engine gaining control after a last- MW Rolls-Royce is carrying gional jet. have been made, although a minute increase in its offer. Bout a design study on a jet The BR500 is to be aimed at memorandum of understand­ engine in the 36-53kN (8,000- the market for regional aircraft ing with the Japanese is ex­ GKN already owned 45% of 12,0001b)-thrust class, to be in the 70-seat class. According pected to be signed by the end Westland shares after buying known as the BR500. to sources close to the project, of the third quarter of this year. out the United Technologies one possible application would stake, but needed at least 55% The engine would be com­ BMW Rolls-Royce declines be to power the planned Japa­ to secure control. Key institu­ panions for the Anglo-German to confirm the existence of the nese YSX regional jet. tional shareholders had company's BR700 series. This project. The company says: "In shown few signs of agreeing includes the 66kN-rated The company is looking for the long term, we are looking to the bid, which was initially BR710, adopted for the a production partner before de­ for other activities besides the priced at 290p a share, but a Gulfstream V and Bombardier ciding whether to proceed, and BR700 family, and it is not yet raised offer of 335p allowed Global Express business jets, has held talks with Japan's decided in which direction we GKN to buy up another 9% of and the 82kN-rated BR715, Ishikawajima Heavy Industries. will go." p the company. Meanwhile, GEC has an­ nounced that it is bidding for most of the defence busi­ Eurofighter aloft but hurdles remain nesses within Ferranti, which was forced into receivership fter years of technical and shown a ten­ in 1993, when GEC withdrew Apolitical problems, the dency to fail an earlier bid for the group. Eurofighter 2000 finally took to deploy in to the skies over Manching, earlier tests. Ferranti management was Germany, on the afternoon of A full de­ in the process of putting the 27 March. final touches to a buyout for brief on the most of the group, but that is The German-built first pro­ flight had not now on hold while the receiv­ totype, the DAI, enjoyed a been given at ers talk to GEC. trouble-free 45min debut in the the time of hands of Deutsche Aerospace going to Ferranti's civil, satellite- chief test pilot Peter Weger, press, but communications and elec­ who later described its han­ planners in­ tronic-warfare businesses are dling as "superb". tend that the Eurofighter take-off leads to new low for Ruhe understood not to be included in the GEC bid and would be Following problems with the DAI should sold separately. control software governing the be limited to a wheels-up maxi­ The German press has re­ braking system, the pilot was mum indicated air speed of ported that the public presenta­ GEC is also understood to restricted in his use of the 320kt (590km/h), a maximum tion of the aircraft — which have re-opened talks with brakes, according to project angle of attack of 18°, and bank had been planned to take place Thom EMI over the purchase sources. Hard braking was not angles not exceeding 90°. In on 4 May at Manching — was of its defence business. Talks allowed. In addition, the brake manoeuvres, airframe loading moved to British Aerospace had broken off in 1993. • chute was not used, having was not to exceed 4g, nor to fall Warton after German defence below 0.2g. minister Volker Ruhe refused While the maiden flight of to be filmed with the aircraft or Saab slashes approval delays the second prototype, the Brit­ to be questioned at a related ish Aerospace-built DA2, was press conference. Ruhe is an aab has unexpectedly ob­ In October 1993, it warned to take place before the end of outspoken critic of the Eu­ Stained European Joint Avia­ that the need to develop a March, the September target rofighter programme. tion Authorities certification powered elevator-control sys­ for DA3's first flight appears to At the same time, the left-of- for its model 2000 regional tem would push certification be threatened by delays in the centre German Social Demo­ airliner, which had been hit by back to the end of 1994 and integration of the Eurojet cratic Party (SPD), expecting a severe development problems. delay Crossair deliveries. EJ200 engine (Flight Interna­ strong showing in the elec­ It will now make deliveries Saab president Hans Krtiger tional 30 March-5 April). tions, has said that the success to Swiss-based launch cus­ says: "The Saab 2000 flight- In the run-up to Germany's ful first flight does not alter it tomer Crossair in the middle of development programme has October elections, the pro­ policy that any future this year and expects US certifi­ moved along very well in the gramme remains a political Government would not pro­ cation "shortly". past few months. D football for campaigners. cure the aircraft.

4 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April. HEADLINES Pilatus plans export of trainer assembly wiss turboprop manufac­ built at the Isle of Wight site of Sturer Pilatus Aircraft is sister company Pilatus Britten- Gulf Air may soon be flying with new shareholders planning to open a military- Norman (PBN). All aircraft trainer production line at its components would continue to UK subsidiary on the Isle of be manufactured in Stans. Abu Dhabi signals Gulf Air pull-out Wight to side-step tough new PBN says that business stud­ arms-export regulations. ies on the move are being Emirates is resisting. The Swiss Government is carried out, with the final plans BY JENNY LONG Meanwhile, Gulf Air is call­ planning to introduce regula­ expected to emerge over the IN At AIN ing in outside advisors to dis­ tions governing products with next three months. Pilatus says he Government of Abu cuss a possible share flotation military applications within that it has not fixed a date TDhabi is considering with­ and partial privatisation. No two years. Pilatus fears that for the opening of the produc­ drawing its equity interest in decision is due until 1995. this may make exports of PC-7 tion line. Gulf Air and investing in Emir­ The Abu Dhabi Department and PC-9 trainers, already The manufacturer has begun ates. It informed a 30 March of Civil Aviation's commercial heavily restricted by legislation, production in Stans of its PC- meeting of Gulf Air sharehold­ development and marketing much more difficult. 12 utility/business transport. • ers of its interest in relinquish­ manager, Mohamed Mounib, Pilatus has been at the ing its 25% stake in the airline says: "Probably 40% of the centre of a number of con­ Pilatus may cold-shoulder Government which it owns with Bahrain, shares will be sold, with the troversial deals in recent Oman and Qatar. states sharing the remaining years, including the sales of Abu Dhabi is understood to 60% equally. They are talking military trainers to South want to make Emirates the of selling just 5-10% now." Africa and South Korea. On official United Arab Emirates Oman and Qatar have al­ both occasions the manu­ flag-carrier and to move that ready established their own air­ facturer had to give under­ carrier's headquarters from lines, Oman Air and Qatar takings to the Swiss Govern­ Dubai to Abu Dhabi — which Airways. Bahrain denies ru­ ment that the aircraft were mours that it has similar plans. not capable of being used in It was also decided to raise a combat role. Lockheed job cuts the authorised capital to $318 Pilatus says that it plans ockheed is to cut more million. Gulf Air president to keep as much production Lthan 2,000 jobs at its Salim Assiyabi says that the as possible at its site in Aeronautical Systems com­ decision was not unanimous. Stans, Switzerland, but that pany in Marietta, Georgia. In early March the airline if any political export prob­ The cuts, from a workforce released a 1993 profit figure of lems are encountered, af­ of 11,700, will be made by the $40 million. • fected aircraft would be end of 1995, by which time Lockheed will have fulfilled current orders for P-3C Orion maritime-patrol aircraft and USAF promotes MFI to defend F-22 begun to transfer production of the Hercules transport 'he US Air Force expects the F-22 be delayed by seven analysis ignored the MFI or from the C-130H model to T the Russian Multi-role years, to 2010. new European fighters which the next-generation C-130J. Fighter Interceptor (MFI) to be The service says that the will be available by the time Lockheed will deliver the flown in 1997 — around the F-22 air-superiority fighter is the F-22 enters service. last of eight P-3Cs to South time of the first flight of the needed to counter the MFI — The USAF agrees with the Korea in the fourth quarter of Lockheed/Boeing F-22. The air­ a stealthy aircraft which will GAO's analysis that the F-15 is 1995 and has no further or­ craft, also known as the "...outclass the McDonnell roughly equal in capability to ders. The line will be kept in Mikoyan Project 1.42, would Douglas F-15 in all areas". The the Su-35, but argues that par­ place pending future orders. enter service "one to three GAO, however, argues that the ity is not enough to ensure air Production of the C-130H years" after the US fighter. F-15 can meet any projected superiority. will continue at three a At the mid-life point in the fighter threat to 2010 and can The Su-35 will enter service month through 1994 and F-22 programme, around 2020, stay in service until 2015. "within the next few years". 1995, although the company the USAF expects Russia to The GAO analysis was The follow-on MFI is already in still has eight aircraft unsold have four wings of MFIs, flawed, the USAF says, as it development. "This is not a from 1993 production. The matching the number of F-22s. considered only one threat air­ predicted threat, it's a real air­ C-130 production rate will The USAF revealed its think­ craft, the Sukhoi Su-35 — an craft," the USAF says. drop in 1996, as the company ing on the MFI as it moved to improved version of the Su-27 The USAF analysis assumes switches to the J version, but discredit a General Accounting Flanker air-superiority fighter that the MFI programme will is planned to return to three Office (GAO) report recom­ now under development in overcome known budget and a month in 1997. • mending that deployment of Russia. The USAF says that the technical problems. •

1'GW INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 HEADLINES UK Government says no new research cash BY KEVIN O'TOOLE prioritises key technologies Although Sainsbury effec­ process of a major shake-up of where it believes that Govern­ tively rules out a significant funding for science and re­ K trade and industry min­ ment should fund research- increase in funding, he re­ search, designed to give a Uister Tim Sainsbury has and-technology programmes. confirmed the Government's broader, cross-disciplined view given the clearest indication yet A parliamentary Select Com­ commitment to adopt the of the fundamental technology that the UK aerospace industry mittee report reveals that the NSTAP priorities as the basis required by UK industry. A will have to fight for civil- plan would need around £100 for future programmes and series of "foresight groups" is research funding within the million a year of funding, com­ talks of a closer partnership being established, including an Government's existing budget, pared with the Government's with industry — itself seen as aerospace group to be headed despite calls for around £100 existing spending of around a breakthrough by industry. by Roy McNulty, head of million a year to be earmarked £20 million on aerospace. The Government is in the Short Brothers. Q for the industry. Speaking at a Royal Aeronau­ tical Society meeting in London on 28 March, Sainsbury said USAF seeks suppliers for F-5 support work that he had no new money to he US Air Force is review­ manage it and oversee the pro­ from foreign contractors. offer, and called instead for Ting industry proposals to gramme, but there may be no The upgrade will involve the Government and industry to upgrade foreign air force fleets work done here. All the work use of fixed-price items de­ make "...the best use of money of Northrop F-5s in a competi­ will be done by contractors. signed, developed and "kit- that is available". tion which could be worth over We will oversee it and put out proofed" for the market. The debate was called to $1 billion to the supplier. the specifications." Upgrades will be carried out discuss the implications of the Requests for proposals The USAF issued the RFP in under foreign-military sales National Strategic Technologies (RFPs) were scheduled to ar­ an effort to find a group of agreements. Acquisition Plan (NSTAP), rive at the USAF's San Antonio suppliers capable of taking over The RFP is likely to have which was drawn up by the Air Logistics Center at Kelly structural support of F-5s from attracted interest from a variety Government's aviation commit­ AFB, Texas, on 1 April. all over the world — a market of companies. At least 19 bids tee a year ago. It outlines and The USAF says: "We will which has stiff competition are expected. • Ramon Lopez reports from the US Navy League's Sea Air Space Exposition in Washington DC EHlOl offered to the Pentagon JPAIS moves cDonnell Douglas Heli­ Mcopter Systems (MDHS) into high gear and EH Industries, the Wes- he US Air Force/US tland Helicopters and Agusta TNavy's Joint Primary Air­ partnership, have teamed to craft Training System (J PATS) offer the EHlOl helicopter to programme is expected to the US military. The deal was move into high gear with announced at the Sea Air release of the formal request Space Exposition, run by the for proposals on 12 May. US Navy League, in Washing­ Industry responses are due ton DC on 29-30 March. in July and flight evaluations Erv Hunter, MDHS' vice- of the seven candidate aircraft president of military program­ will be run between August mes, claims that there will be and December. Contract "...a significant need in the award is due early in 1995. near future for a new-technol­ EH Industries MLR studies result in teaming deal with MDHS More than 700 aircraft will ogy helicopter to replace cur­ be purchased to replace age­ rent medium-lift assets". There appears to be a glim­ It remains possible, but un­ ing in-service Cessna T-37Bs Other US industry officials mer of hope for EHlOl sales to likely, that the V-22 could fall and Beech T-34Cs. With air­ are less charitable, viewing the the Pentagon. The V-22 pro­ out of favour for US Marine craft, simulators and ground- tie-up as an eleventh hour duction decision has been de­ Corps and USAF missions. training components, JPATS attempt by the MDHS/EH layed until September, while MDHS and EH Industries is worth at least $3 billion. Industries partnership to break the final deliberations on the participated in MLR studies, • Vought Aircraft has com­ into the US military market­ Medium Lift Replacement suggesting a new advanced pleted flight testing of the place at the expense of the (MLR) helicopter (advanced compound helicopter. The US fully missionised Pampa Bell/Boeing V-22 tilt-rotor. by V-22 critic and former US version of the EH101 would be 2000, which is an upgraded Richard Case, managing defence chief Dick Cheney) manufactured at MDHS's site version of the in-service IA director of Westland, views the and the US Air Force's Ad­ in Mesa, Arizona, with produc­ 63. The company is ready to EHlOl as a "complement" to vanced Multi-Mission Vertical tion beginning around 1999. turn over two Pampa 2000s the V-22 aircraft, rather than Lift Aircraft (MV-X) have also The US EHlOl selling price to the USAF/USN for their as a replacement. been delayed. would be $15-$20 million. • flight evaluation. ^

6 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 *6 ™

^

INTERNATIONAL D / R EJC TORIES

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In two handy volumes the Flight International directories capture just about everything you need to know concerning aviation in Europe.

Please send me copies at £45 each of FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL Directory 1994/95 Part 2 - Mainland Europe.

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Package and postage included for UK and Ireland. Please add £6 per book for European air mail or £12 per book for the rest MAINLAND EUROPE 1994/95 of the world. Please send me copies at £150 (+VAT for UK) of the The 1994/95 Flight International Directory of Mainland Europe has mailing list for Part been enlarged to include for the first time, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus. Printed on special lightweight I enclose a sterling cheque drawn on a UK Bank for £ paper and in a handy A5 format the new book complements the made payable to FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL Directories. United Kingdom and Ireland edition, and gives full information on Please charge £ to my civil and military aviation, airlines, air taxi companies, flying clubs, Visa/Mastercard/Access/Barclaycard/Eurocard/American Express.* airports, aviation organisations and museums; airframe, parts and * delete as appropriate equipment manufacturers; supply and service companies, the aviation press and a Who's Who of European aviation Account number (ISBN 0 951418 57 2 - price £45). Card expiry date PLEASE USE BLOCK CAPITALS The 1993/94 Flight International UK Directory details some 1,350 Name companies involved in British aviation in addition to around 150 Signature licensed airports, 65 military airfields, 40 British airlines, 170 airlines with offices in Britain, 166 air taxi operators, 220 flying Position clubs, 150 museums and organisations. Company Address The Civil Aviation Authority is detailed in full, as well as Government departments responsible for aviation matters, both Postcode . Country . military and civil. The military section covers the Royal Air Force and aviation within the Royal Navy and The Army. Over 1000 people are listed in the Who's Who and the new Ireland section Complete and return to: *"° includes some 150 airports, companies and organisations involved FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL DIRECTORIES in aviation. (ISBN 0 951418 56 4 - price £44.00). PO Box 1315, Potters Bar Herts EN6 1PU, United Kingdom The mailing list for both books are available in ASCII comma or FAX your order to: +44 (0)707 660330 delimited form at £150 + VAT each. or call our telephone hotline: +44 (0)707 665151 Please allow 28 days for delivery AIR TRANSPORT Aeroflot A310 crash continues to puzzle coded in the French Bureau of BY ALEXANDER VELOVICH Air Accidents Investigations IN MOSCOW near Paris. There is no Russian he cockpit voice recorder organisation capable of Ton board the Aeroflot Rus­ handling Airbus recorders, but sian Airlines Airbus Industrie ten Russian specialists are in A310-300 which crashed on 22 France to take part in the Aer Lingus noses into transatlantic-flights increase with new A330 March near Novokuznetsk, Si­ investigation. beria, was still registering crew Sudden-blast decompression conversations up until the mo­ is no longer considered the ment of impact, according to most probable reason for the Aer Lingus bids to link UK and USA Vadim Zamotin, who is the crash, in which 75 people died, er Lingus plans to more lower. The first of three A330s head of the Russian Depart­ but the possibility of sabotage Athan double the number of arrives in May. ment of Air Transport. has still not been ruled out. passengers it collects from pro­ Challens says that the Atlan­ The recorder is being de- Possibilities under considera­ vincial UK airports to feed on tic route is forecast to return to tion include a stall in the cruise to transatlantic flights from profit as the more efficient, leading to a loss of control. A Dublin — to be spearheaded ILFC-leased A330s replace the Boeing joins HAL fuel-pipe fault was recorded in from June by the Irish flag- fleet of ageing 747-100s. the aircraft's maintenance log­ carrier's new Airbus A330s. The initial two A330s will be on overhaul work book and investigators are also The move comes in the wake flown to New York from Dub­ examining whether it could of permission to fly directly to lin and Shannon. The third will oeing and Lufthansa plan have caused inappropriate fuel New York and Boston without be operated to Boston. Bto create maintenance en­ distribution, leading to longitu­ the Shannon stop-over. The General Electric CF6- terprises in India, where there dinal-stability problems. "We are planning for around 80E1-powered A330 does not is concern over the safety Experts examining the crash double the uplift of passengers yet have extended-range twin- standards of new carriers site say that the aircraft must from UK provincial airports, engine operations (ETOPS)- emerging under deregulation. have hit the ground in an but we would hope for way in type clearance. GE says, Boeing has signed a memo­ almost flat attitude at a 40°-45° excess of that figure," says Bob however, that approval will be randum of understanding descent angle and at a very low Challens, who has emerged ready in time for Aer Lingus. with state-owned Hindustan horizontal speed. Vertical from the recent management Director of flight operations, Aeronautics (HAL) to explore speed at impact was estimated re-shuffle as commercial direc­ Donal Foley, says that the car­ maintenance opportunities on at 14,000ft/min (70m/s). The tor at Aer Lingus. rier will have 90min opera­ Boeing aircraft in India. HAL crew and passengers were He stresses that the numbers tional approval from the Irish recently signed a deal to main­ strapped into their seats, indi­ will still be too small to put the Aviation Authority, based on tain Fokker 50s. cating that they had prepared Irish carrier in competition its leased Boeing 767 experi­ The new private airlines in for an emergency. The landing with the UK transatlanic carri­ ence and its non-ETOPS 747 India which operate jets have gear was not extended. • ers, although fares will be North Atlantic operations. D all obtained Boeings, but generally on wet lease. They have no maintenance bases and the Government has re­ fused to let Indian Airlines Hong Kong-London flights face detours offer services. The aircraft south to avoid Hainan Island have to be flown abroad for ong-haul carriers are being Iran add l-2h to most Euro­ after leaving Hong Kong. Some even minor maintenance. Lforced into unscheduled pean flights, and Cathay has technical stops on Hong Kong- made 24 stops in Dubai or Virgin flights have also been The Boeing/HAL talks are London flights because of new Rome, 12 of them en route to routed across Saudi Arabia, also covering the possible airspace restrictions imposed London. BA says that it has where the winter Jetstream is manufacture of aircraft com­ over Afghanistan. made three stops in Frankfurt. usually strongest, with head­ ponents and engineering- Virgin Atlantic Airways is Virgin's Airbus A340-300s winds averaging more than research activities. facing a choice of restricting have been forced to stop for 80kt (150km/h) on the nose. Lufthansa is also looking at loads on flights or inserting a refuelling in Abu Dhabi three Virgin chairman Richard maintenance and pilot train­ technical stop. times. The unscheduled stops Branson says that the carrier ing opportunities as part of its British Airways and Cathay were caused by the longer may reduce loads in economy renewed interest in India. Pacific, Virgin's competitors to routeing needed to avoid both by 60-70 seats to guarantee a Airline chairman Jurgen London, confirm that their Chinese and Afghan airspace non-stop service. Weber says that Lufthansa's Boeing 747-400 crews have and by winds which have been A senior official from Abu maintenance arm is looking made similar stops since being stronger than expected. Dhabi's Department of C.vil for a collaborative venture in advised to avoid Afghanistan Virgin, unlike BA and Aviation says that Virgin has India, but will otherwise set on 10 January. Cathay, has no rights to overfly also requested a daily technical up an operation on its own.D More southerly routes across southern China, and must head stop from 4 April.

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 p— AIR TRANSPORT United agrees to employee take-over The agreement, once ap­ filed with the Securities and of five public directors elected BY RAMON LOPEZ proved by the airline's share­ Exchange Commission (SEC), by the public stockholders, in­ jjy WASHINGTON DC holders, would mean the and the shareholder vote will cluding the chief executive and nited Airlines (UAL) and labour groups acquiring 53% of take place after an SEC proxy one other manager; four inde­ its major unions have the equity of UAL, creating the review has been completed. pendent directors; two union reacheU d an understanding over largest employee-owned com­ The re-capitalisation plan directors; and one salaried/ the sale of majority control of pany in the USA. The equity calls for re-structuring of UAL's management director. the carrier to employees. The would be exchanged for board of directors and the shift Gerald Greenwald has been deal was struck between around $5 billion-worth of of the controlling interest in selected by ALPA and IAM as United's management and the wage and work-rule conces­ the airline to trusts for ALPA, the new chairman and chief Air Line Pilots Association sions by the turn of IAM and salaried and manage­ executive. Greenwald, a former (ALPA) and International Asso­ the century. ment employee groups. vice-chairman of Chrysler who ciation of Machinists and Aero­ Documentation on the pro­ The new company will have is undertaking work for Czech space Workers (IAM). posed transaction has been a 12-member board consisting truck builder Tatra, will suc­ ceed Stephen Wolf. The re-capitalisation plan permits United to set up a low-cost short-haul operation, France to start satellite ADS trials enabling it to compete with Blaize told the UK National centres using ADS; short-haul discount airlines. BY KIERAN DALY Air Traffic Services/SITA Euro­ • the use of automated ATC The mini-airline is planned to IN BOURNEMOUTH pean datalink-applications tools. be operated within the conti­ rance is soon to begin flight forum in Bournemouth, UK, on STNA is also about the ex­ nental USA, in non-stop city Ftrials of automatic depend­ 30 March that the aircraft ADS pand its datalink trials of pre- pairs of up to 1,200km ent surveillance (ADS) system equipment will be installed departure clearances (PDC) (650nm) in stage length. using an Airbus A340 equipped away from the cockpit to avoid which have been running since The low-cost operation will with satellite-communications certification issues at this stage. December 1992 as part of the be started on the West Coast of (satcom). She says that France will also Claire programme. the USA, where there exists Martine Blaize of the Techni­ be assisting with Italian-run The PDC is routine at 30 US intense competition. • cal Service for Air Navigation Mediterranean ADS trials. airports, but has been devel­ (STNA) says that the ADS tri­ The work is the latest move oped slowly in Europe. A Ger­ NEWS IN BRIEF als, beginning this quarter, will in the extensive research the man programme at Frankfurt use positions and other data country is conducting into was abandoned. IBERIA DOUBT transmitted from an Air France two-way datalinking. The activity so far, in con­ An agreement between Span­ A340. ADS is the planned Issues to be examined in the junction with Aeroports de ish national carrier Iberia global method of providing latest trials include: Paris, has involved four airlines and Argentina over a rescue surveillance using satcoms in • validation of ADS proce­ (Air Inter, Swissair, TWA and package for Aerolineas the absence of radar. dures; Air Canada) operating from Argentinas is in doubt after In the French trial, which • transition to ADS; Paris Charles de Gaulle. the Buenos Aires Govern­ complements UK North Atlan­ • the man-machine interface; Blaize says that it will be ment was ordered by a Fed­ tic work, the data will be taken • co-habitation of ADS and extended to Paris Orly in Octo­ eral judge not to proceed into France's Transpac commu­ radar; ber and will include transmit­ with the deal. The judge, nications network, which • influence of ADS on separa­ ting data in the ARINC 623 accepting an appeal from a couyples with the international tion; applications format. In 1995, it leftist opposition party, says X.25 protocol, and passed to an • use of the figure-of-merit will be extended to other that the deal is against the experimental ground station at concept; French airports. national interest. The pack­ Brest for display at a worksta­ • co-ordination issues be­ Trials of a datalinked auto­ age would see Iberia put tion known as Stade. tween air-traffic-control (ATC) matic terminal-information $500 million extra capital service (ATIS) will also be into the company in return Satcom-equipped Air France A340 is ADS testbed started this year in a pro­ for being allowed to increase gramme, called ISATIS. Final its stake from 30% to 85%. technical tests at Orly will end The Government is expected in April and, the following to appeal against the ruling. month, the experiment will begin with Air Inter. SAS LOSS Other airports will be in­ A 1993 pre-tax loss of cluded later in the year and, in SKr492 million ($62 mil­ 1995, the work will encompass lion) has been posted by improved synthesised voice Scandinavian Airline Sys­ quality and ARINC 623 mes­ tems (SAS). This compares sage handling and trials at with a SKr760 million loss Charles de Gaulle. Other in 1992. SAS forecasts a French airports will become return to profit this year. involved in 1996. •

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 9 AIR TRANSPORT

NEWS IN BRIEF TWA runs down Atlanta hub SIA ORDER PLANS Singapore Airlines (SIA) ex­ rans World Airlines (TWA) replacement with four Boeing New flights to Cairo, Egypt, pects to decide on whether Tis re-structuring its domes­ 767-300ERs. and on to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to increase its orders for tic and international services in Internationally, the airline is will also be added. TWA has Airbus A340s and Boeing a bid to improve profitability. focusing on increased sched­ begun a polar service from Los 747-400s "within the next Domestic moves include run­ ules to Europe and renewed Angeles to Paris. Services to two to three months". The ning down the airline's Atlanta, service to the Middle East. Brussels will be suspended. airframe and engine manu­ Georgia, mini-hub and build­ Weekly international depar­ Overall, TWA's weekly interna­ facturers have submitted ing up its major St Louis, tures from New York's Ken­ tional departures will remain at proposals for up to 11 Boe­ Missouri, hub. nedy Airport will increase from around 1993's level. ing 747-400s and 15 A340s, International changes in­ 59 to 77 by 1 June, with more Domestically, TWA will in­ with the same number of clude retirement of TWA's non-stop services to Tel Aviv, crease daily departures from its options (Flight International, Lockheed L-lOlls and their Israel, and Rome, Italy. St Louis hub from 257 to more 2-8 March). SIA says that than 300 by 1 June, while any new orders would be "in cutting its service at Atlanta addition" to the outstanding Erikson becomes TWA president from 57 to 11 daily flights by firm orders and options the same date. The airline ad­ which it already holds. rans World Airways (TWA) ice, but a former chairman and mits "...the costs associated Thas hired Reno Air's Jeffrey chief executive of Allstate In­ with 'mini-hubs' often out­ Erikson as president and chief surance Group. weigh the benefits". operating officer. Since the shake-up, TWA NASA to replace Late in 1993, airline indus­ had been expected to bring in Transfer of aircraft from At­ try veteran William Howard a president with airline- lanta and the acquisition of 11 20-year-old resigned as TWA's chairman operating experience. A 25- McDonnell Douglas MD-80s and chief executive and Glenn year industry veteran, Erikson will allow the increase in serv­ Zander quit as a vice-chairman has worked in senior positions ices at St Louis. The domestic research 737 of the airline. for Pan American World Air­ expansion was due to begin on ways, Aloha, Midway and 3 April with the addition of six ASA will take delivery of Howard was replaced by daily flights from St Louis to Donald Craib, an airline nov­ Continental. D Nan ex-Eastern Air Lines Chicago O'Hare. G Boeing 757 this month, replac­ ing a Boeing 737-100 which has been in service as the agency's transport systems re­ CRISP testing comes to the crunch search vehicle (TSRV) for al­ most 20 years. ngineers are analysing data prototype model known as diameter and are connected to The Rolls-Royce-powered Egathered from the first counter-rotating ultra-high- a four-stage turbine via a plane­ 757 is scheduled to enter serv­ round of tests on a prototype bypass fan (CRUF) was devel­ tary gear. Tests carried out ice at NASA's Langley Research counter-rotating integrated oped jointly by the German included force and moment Center at the end of 1995 after shrouded propfan (CRISP) in DLR aerospace research es­ measurements and 800 pres­ the installation of research sys­ the German/Dutch-operated tablishment at Braunschweig sure tappings on the wing, tems taken from the 737 TSRV. windtunnel at Emmeloord, the and Dynamic Engineering of nacelle and fuselage. NASA says that it will strive to Netherlands. Newport News, Virginia. Phase two of the tests will be keep the "down time", when The tests are part of a the The CRISP model's eight- carried out with high-lift de­ neither aircraft is flying, to "no ducted propfan investigations bladed rotors are 255mm in vices on the wing. D more than six months". (DUPRIN) series, involving 14 The agency says that the 757 European concerns from indus­ Unshrouded: CRISP ducted-propfan work takes off TSRV will have more flexible try, research institutions and flight controls. In the 737, the universities, which is sup­ research flight-control system ported by the European drives the aircraft's autopilot Commission under its BRITE/ servos directly. In the 757, the EURAM research programme. same hardware will send sig­ The DUPRIN research is nals to the aircraft's digital aimed at solving airframe- automatic flight-control sys­ integration problems which tem, which will be modified to arise as increasing engine by­ increase autopilot authority. pass ratios lead to greater aero­ The research dynamic interaction between cockpit power plants and airframes. mounted in the 737's cabin will The first windtunnel tests on be transferred to the 757. The 1:10 scale counter-rotating fan cockpit is scheduled to be up­ rotors were carried out in graded with flat-panel displays, July 1993. NASA says. The CRISP concept came The on-board data-collection from Deutsche Aerospace en­ system will be upgraded to gine subsidiary MTU, and a provide more channels and greater flexibility. 10 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 AIR TRANSPORT Australia Air's China deadline extended roposed start-up carrier The original ruling by the A$55 million ($39 million) determination as expeditiously P cash at the bank. as possible", a move which Australia Air International Australian International Air The company says that it would force the IASC to re­ is expecting an extension of its Services Commission (IASC) plans to start the services with examine Australia Air's compli­ deadline to start services from set a deadline of 29 March for a Boeing 747-200 wet-leased ance with original approval Australia to Beijing and Australia Air to begin provid- from a US company, rather conditions and result in return­ than the McDonnell Douglas ing the capacity to the shelf. Guangzhou, China. ing the services and to have DC-10-30 it intended to use Qantas says that it now has 7 originally. The company says the resources to begin the serv­ Euro ATC deals 'must be unified that it wants to buy two former ices on 1 June and that it urope urgently needs to the end of the decade. Qantas 747-200s now in desert wishes to do so. Eunify the way it awards Eurocontrol directorates storage and that it will also The Australian flag-carrier major air-traffic management within the European Union soon begin weekly charter says that, in 1992, when the contracts so that industry can and national administrations flights from Sydney to Tel Chinese applications were in­ be given a clear lead and com­ are all handing out small re­ Aviv, Israel. vited, it had no plans to restore pete more efficiently against US search contracts, which do not In a draft determination on services which it had with­ companies, says a senior offi­ lead to work programmes. 25 March, the IASC said that, drawn several years earlier. cial of Thomson-CSF. "One of Europe's problems is subject only to consideration of "Those services had never been "We need a better definition that it takes a very long time to new submissions, it would pro­ commercially viable and there of the roles of the various realise contracts," says Meurie. vide a 90-day extension, during was nothing in prospect that institutions," says Pierre Industry has until now relied which Australia Air would have suggested circumstances had Meurie, manager of air-traffic- on national programmes for to prove it had the A$55 mil­ changed. Two years down­ control business development work, he adds, but the integra­ lion funding available. This stream, we find traffic has in­ at Thomson-CSF. tion of air-traffic management could consist of a minimum of creased substantially on the He is worried that the lack of in Europe will bring much A$28.8 million in cash after route," says the airline a central contracts authority larger contracts for Europe- fund-raising expenses, with the • Pressed by continuing heavy will hamper European industry wide systems. "EATMS has fan­ balance in calls payable on losses, the Solomons Islands when major awards for the tastic possibilities for European partly paid shares. Government has asked Qantas future European air-traffic- companies," he says. The IASC is expected to to take over some of Solomon management system (EATMS) Some hope that the new finalise its ruling by 8 April, Airlines' services, using a Qan­ begin to be handed out towards Ecarda (European Coherent after which Australia Air will tas Boeing 737-300 and to take Approach to Air Traffic Man­ go ahead with the raising of the over the lease of its 737-400, agement) programme will lead A$55 million in a combination from International Lease Fi­ Airbus appoints to a central-contracts agency. of equity, through a public nance. Qantas says that initial The programme is aimed at float, and second-tier capital. talks have progressed to the point of its operating the serv­ unifying the research which is Opposing the extension, ices, but not to the extent of Reuter chairman being carried out by three dif­ Qantas says that the IASC transferring the lease. D aimler-Benz chief Edzard ferent European Commission should "...confirm the current DReuter has been appointed (EC) directorates (Eurocontrol, chairman of the supervisory the European Space Agency board of the European Airbus and various research insti­ Industrie consortium. tutes). According to Meurie, Reuter steps into the post however, this has little to do on 1 April, replacing former with generating contracts. German economics minister "Industry is getting peanuts Dr Hans Friderichs, who took from current research con­ over in November 1988. tracts, not enough to enable us German Airbus partner to invest in the future," says Deutsche Aerospace (DASA) Meurie. He contrasts this with says that Friderichs' term was the USA, where the Federal distinguished by the skill Aviation Administration is the with which he steered Airbus sole contracts agency, handling activities away from a "politi­ the research contracts and then cally motivated model of the work programmes. European integration towards "Where is the equivalent in a self-supporting indust­ Europe?" he asks. "If we want rial dimension". to compete efficiently, we need Reuter's contract with large programmes from the EC PRODUCTION FOKKER 70 TAKES SHAPE Daimler-Benz has been ex­ or Eurocontrol." If not, he says, The first production Fokker 70 is in final assembly at the company's tended to late 1995 to cover European companies will not Schiphol plant in the Netherlands. Fohker says that large fuselage the company's transition from be prepared for the huge sys­ components — which are made by itself and Deutsche Aerospace — a motor manufacturer to a tems-integration development have been mated in a universal assembly jig which is also useable for technology conglomerate. • created by EATMS. • the Fokker 100. The aircraft is due for completion in mid-August, with delivery to follow towards the end of the year. See Newsmakers, P19.

FUGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 DEFENCE Rudder design blamed for Hercules crash nadequate design of an ex­ tering a left turn and climbing Iperimental Lucas Aerospace to about 250ft (75m), where it power-by-wire rudder actuator stalled, then fell to the ground. has been blamed for the Febru­ The NTSB says that its inves­ ary 1993 crash of Lockheed's tigation "...revealed a design L-100 Hercules High Technol­ feature in the rudder actuator ogy Test Bed, in which all that removed hydraulic pres­ seven crewmembers died. sure within the actuator if the NEW EXOCET ADAPTED TO AMX Aerospatiale has successfully completed the first stage of the adaptation The US National Transporta­ rudder position commanded by the pilot exceeded the actual of the Block 2 AM39 Exocet anti-surface vessel (ASV) missile on to the tion Safety Board (NTSB) says Alenia/Aermacchi Emhraer AMX. The phase finished with the in-flight that disengagement of the rud­ rudder-actuator position for a release of missiles on Aermaccfu's test range in Sardinia, Italy. Firing der fly-by-wire flight-control specified time". This disengage­ tests are due to follow. The Block 2 AM39 features a new seeker with system resulted in a total loss ment of the actuator caused the improved target discrimination and resistance to counter-measures, says of directional control during a rudder to trail aerodynamically. Aerospatiale. It has already been certificated on Dassault's Super high-speed taxi test at Dobbins Lucas says that its actuator Etendard and Atlantique 2. AFB, Georgia. performed to the specification The aircraft abruptly veered set by Lockheed, which re­ left and became airborne, en- quired that the rudder disen­ gage automatically under Siemens leads Hughes ASTOR bid certain load conditions. Flight ughes Aircraft has teamed Loral; and Thorn EMI. The France funds E-2Cs tests had been conducted to Hwith Siemens Plessey Sys­ 17-month "phase one" study unds for two Grumman E- adjust the disengagement point tems and FR Aviation to bid for contracts will cover system de­ F2C Hawkeye airborne early- to meet the specification. The the UK Ministry of Defence's sign and result in firm prices warning (AEW) aircraft have company says that the actuator (MoD) airborne stand-off radar for development and produc­ been included in France's draft disengaged when the specified (ASTOR) requirement. tion and a fixed price for 1995-2000 five-year arms- load was exceeded during the Up to eight teams are ex­ through-life support. procurement draft budget. high-speed ground run. pected to bid for the two or Grumman is offering the The aircraft, due to be opera­ The flight-test plan specified three project-definition studies Joint Surveillance Target- tional by 1999, will initially be that engine power be reduced which the MoD is scheduled to Attack-Radar System (J- operated from the convention­ if the rudder became ineffec­ award by early 1995. Procure­ STARS), although the ASTOR ally powered aircraft carrier tive, but the NTSB believes that ment of the ASTOR battlefield- requirement is purely for bat­ Foch in support of the vessel's the pilot attempted to get the reconnaissance system is not tlefield imaging — without the future air-wing of Dassault Ra­ aircraft airborne. expected before 1997. airborne command and control fale fighters. The board cites the crew's Siemens will lead the team, functions of the Boeing 707- The E-2Cs will later be lack of engineering flight-test with responsibility for system based E-8C J-STARS. The MoD transferred to the nuclear- training as a contributory fac­ design and integration and favours a business jet as the powered carrier Charles de tor. Neither pilot had received command, control and commu­ ASTOR platform, and Gaulle, now under construc­ training as an experimental test nications. Hughes will study Gulfstream Aerospace confirms tion. The French order in­ pilot. Lockheed says that the the synthetic-aperture radar that it has briefed most of the cludes an option for two seven crewmembers were "ex­ (SAR)/moving-target indication likely bidders on both the additional aircraft to be pur­ tremely qualified". • (MTI) sensor, while FR Avia­ Gulfstream IV and the larger chased in the next century. D Military Flight Safety, P30. tion will look at the selection Gulfstream V. and modification of an aircraft Grumman is hoping that the NEWS IN BRIEF to carry the radar. ASTOR requirement will be Hughes says that, in design­ "rolled into" a larger NATO JAPAN MISSILE copter to supply training ing the ASTOR sensor, it will programme to acquire a battle­ Japan's Defence Agency Tech­ helicopters to Colombia. draw on experience with the field-surveillance fleet mod­ nical Research and Develop­ Twelve F28Fs and one Frasca ASARS-2 advanced SAR system elled on the lines of its Boeing ment Institute is to begin simulator will be delivered by used in the US Air Force's E-3 airborne early-warning full-scale development of a the end of 1994. Lockheed U-2R. The ASARS-2 force. To pursue the NATO medium-range air-to-air mis­ is a pure SAR-imaging radar, programme, the US manufac­ sile, the XAAM-4, with ¥4 SPECIAL AWARD but Hughes has demonstrated turer has formed an "informal" billion ($38 million) allocated Hughes Aircraft's Electro- MTI capability which could be industrial working group com­ for fiscal year 1994. Optical Systems has received incorporated into the sensor. prising: in the UK, BAe and $6 million from the US Army Other bidders are expected GEC; in France, Dassault Elec- for phase one research and to include GEC-Marconi Avi­ tronique and Thomson-CSF; in COLOMBIAN DEAL development of the Airborne onics, teamed with Westing- Germany, Deutsche Aerospace A $4.1 million US Army for­ Electro-Optical Special Opera­ house and Thomson-CSF; and ESG; in Italy, Alenia; in the eign-military-sales deal has tion Payload forward-looking Grumman with British Aero­ Netherlands, Fokker; and in been won by Enstrom Heli­ infra-red system. space; E-Systems; Lockheed; Canada, Computing Devices. D

12 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April. 1994 DEFEHCE BAe contradicts MPs over FLA prospects BY DOUGLAS BARRIE ernment or the RAF. The RAF is keen to see the C-130J pro­ ritish Aerospace Airbus has cured to replace the first tran­ warned that any Royal Air che of its C-130s. ForcB e purchase of the Lock­ As part of the procurement heed C-130J will effectively process, Marshall Aerospace is Poland will acquire a further four I-22s by the end of 1994 rule out UK industry par­ examining the feasibility and ticipation in the collaborative cost of an "austere" and a full European Future Large Aircraft upgrade for the C-130 fleet. (FLA) programme. The report, however, says that Poland receives 1-22 Iryda trainers The BAe claims run counter refurbishment is a "prima facie he Polish air force has the M97S, and a light fighter to the conclusions of the House unattractive option". Ttaken delivery of three new version, known as the M97MS. of Commons Defence Commit­ Neither Government minis­ PZL-Mielec 1-22 Iryda trainers It is planned that all the tee report into replacing the ters nor senior RAF procure­ and is to acquire four more variants will be powered by IL's RAF's C-130s, released on ment personnnel have shown aircraft by the end of 1994, twin D-18 engines, which are March 30. The report recom­ confidence that the FLA will according to programme to generate 18kN of thrust. mends the C-130J for the first progress beyond the paper sources. The M97 is seen as a poten­ tranche of replacements, while stage — although programme Aircraft from the next batch tial alternative to the PZL-230 holding the door open for the leaders Germany and France are expected to be fitted with Skorpion ground-attack air­ FLA on the second batch be­ are pushing to finalise aircraft the more powerful K-15 turbo­ craft, which has been proposed yond 2005. specifications in time for a May jet from the Warsaw-based Avi­ by the Warsaw-based manufac­ On 29 March, BAe Airbus summit meeting between the ation Institute (IL). With the turer PZL-Okecie. • managing director Chris heads of Government. delivery of three aircraft at the Geoghegan warned: "There can The UK withdrew from the end of February, the air force be no half measures. If the RAF FLA project in 1989, leaving now operates five Iryda train­ USA offers F-16 buys any Lockheed C-130Js, BAe to fund its involvement ers, which are intended to re­ the chances that UK industry independently. place the Deblin air force will get any work on the FLA In a separate move, BAe has academy's ageing TS-11 Iskras. deal to Pakistan programme are negligible." secured support for the FLA It is understood that the final he USA is offering to re­ The Defence Committee sug­ from rival British airframe aircraft to be delivered this year Tlease up to 38 Lockheed gests that, if the Ministry of builder Shorts. The Belfast- will be fitted with avionics F-16s to Pakistan if the coun­ Defence (MoD) judges that based company has also been supplied by French producer try agrees to international there is "...a substantial proba­ courted by Lockheed for its Sagem, replacing the present inspections of nuclear sites, to bility of buying the FLA in the C-130J UK Industry Support Polish equipment. Mielec de­ prove it is no longer making next decade, serious considera­ Group (UKISG). Shorts presi­ clines to confirm the orders, material for nuclear weapons. tion be given to making some dent Roy McNulty says that the saying that this is a "commer­ The plan will be presented to funding available to FLA". FLA project "...is clearly of cial matter" and that precise the Governments of Pakistan This view has yet to be major strategic significance for numbers and delivery dates are and India in April. reflected either within the Gov­ the UK aerospace industry." D still under negotiation. A $1.75 billion order from The first K-15-powered air­ Pakistan for 71 F-16s was craft are known as Iryda M92s, embargoed in 1990, when the while the variant with up­ USA determined that the graded avionics is designated country was developing a nu­ the M93. All operational I-22s clear weapon. So far, 22 air­ to date have been powered by craft have been completed and twin IL PZL-5s (formerly delivered into desert storage, known as SO-3W22s), each pending a resolution of the generating 13kN (2,9001b) of dispute. Lockheed will com­ thrust. The new K-15, rated at plete a further six aircraft this 15kN, has been tested in one of year, but work on the remain­ Mielec's 1-22 prototypes. ing 43 has been halted. APACHE ON FORM FOR TORNADO TESTS The issue came to a head in Two further variants of the Deutsche Aerospace is due this month to begin captive flight-tests of the mid-1993, when Pakistan 1-22 are planned by the com­ Matra Apache stand-off weapon for the German air force on a Panavia halted progress payments on Tornado. The German aerospace company is to equip the Tornado pany. The Iryda M95 will be a the aircraft. The USA appears prototype GS.062 to allow a complete programme, covering test two-seat trainer and close air- to be offering to hand over up launches of the Apache, to be carried out. Form-and-fit trials, using a support aircraft, with improved to 38 aircraft in return for the German air force Tornado, have already been completed successfully. performance and weapons pay- $658 million Pakistan has al­ The weapon is also expected to be offered to meet a Royal Air Force load, while the single-seat M97 ready paid, in a one-time lift­ requirement for a stand-off weapon for Tornados, Eurofighters and will be offered in two versions: ing of the embargo. • - Harrier GR.7s. a ground-attack variant, called

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 13 DEFENCE Balkan deployments stretch MACS units BY TIM RIPLEY takes almost all our flying time hours. We are committed." uropean and NATO Boeing Other RAF sources admit: EE-3 Airborne Warning and "Our wider capability is going Control System (AWACS) downhill, we are having to units are being stretched to restrict training in other fields. their limits by the Balkans de­ NATO assets should be able to ployment and their wider oper­ work or deploy anywhere in ational capability is being the NATO area, but we don't adversely affected. have that capability right now." The aircraft, NATO E-3As, One source adds that aircrew Royal Air Force E-3Ds and are coming out of E-3D train­ French air force E-3Fs, are all ing "and not flying anywhere deployed in support of Opera­ else but in the Balkans". tion Deny Flight over Bosnia. The pressure on the NATO In total, the three forces have E-3A unit is equally intense, 29 E-3s available for the opera­ partly because it flies a unique Round-the-clock operations test the RAF's AWACS resources tion — although it is crews, variant of the E-3. Aircrews rather than aircraft, which are seconded from their parent sonnel to meet this shortfall America's deployment off Bo­ proving the problem. forces have to be trained by the has been hampered by US Air snia, says: "The system is op­ Sqn Ldr Peter Haworth, from German-based Geilenkirchen Force and US Navy commitment timised for over water. the RAF's 8Sqn, says: "One-half as part of their tour time, of AWACS aircraft elsewhere. Mountains are very demanding to two-thirds of the RAF's cutting into their operational The US Navy's airborne on us, but we did fairly well." AWACS force is committed to availability. early-warning Grumman E-2C The AWACS aircraft have Deny Flight at any one time. It This situation has been exac­ Hawkeyes have also been used been operating in two patrol erbated by the non-availability in the region, although the orbits, one over the Adriatic, of German personnel for the mountainous terrain has not the other over Hungary. By the Hungarian E-3 assignment. proved ideal for the aircraft's start of March, the AWACS Elta favoured Under the German constitu­ Martin Marietta APS-138 sur­ aircrew had flown some 2,200 tion, this is considered an out- veillance radar. sorties, including vectoring for Orion radar of-area operation and involve­ Commander Jack Frazier, ex­ Lockheed F-16s to shoot down ment is prohibited. ecutive officer of VAW-123 four Serbian Super Galebs at srael Aircraft Industries' during aircraft carrier USS the end of February. n I(IAI) defence-electronics di­ The availability of US per- vision, Elta, has emerged as the prime candidate to supply an airborne maritime-surveil­ lance radar in an upgrade Strengthened C-17 has maiden flight package to be selected by the Royal Australian Air Force he first McDonnell Douglas nell Douglas' modification cen­ ing software updates to the (RAAF) for its Lockheed P-3C TC-17 to incorporate wing tre in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on a flight-control systems at Ed­ Orion maritime-patrol aircraft. strengthening built into it on site leased from the American wards and Charleston, South the production line had its Airlines maintenance and engi­ Carolina, air bases. Three teams are bidding for maiden flight from the com­ neering centre. the $464 million contract: Further structural modifica­ pany's Long Beach factory in E-Systems of the USA is lead­ The upgrades also include tions, involving the replace­ California on 25 March. ing one team, Rockwell- some structural improvements ment of aluminium/composite Collins Australia heads The wing was fitted with to longerons in the fuselage, as flap and slat sections with tita­ another, while the third is led strengthening straps as an ini­ well as a revision to the cargo- nium units, are being under­ by Martin Marietta Australia. tial fix for the crack problem loading and delivery system. taken at all three locations. An Elta EL/M 2022A surveil­ discovered during static tests in Rails, which are used to guide The latest C-17 is the first of lance radar derivative is an October 1992. A more "pro- and load cargo pallets on the four Lot IV production aircraft option in all three bids. ductionised" fix, involving ground, as well as a different and the twelfth in total. It is stiffening of the wing around set of rails used for air the sixth scheduled for delivery Bids by two other teams, led the mid-chord between the in­ drops, will be modified during to an operational USAF unit by Lockheed and Boeing re­ board and outboard engine po­ the upgrade. and will be handed over to the spectively, have been ruled out sitions with beefed-up string­ 437th Airlift Wing at Char­ of the competition. The sealing in the wing fuel- ers, will be introduced on the tank system will also be im­ leston later this month after The RAAF has evaluated the assembly line at a later stage. undergoing acceptance tests. radar and IAI sources claim proved during the modification Five C-17s already delivered programme. To date, the Edwards-based that it has been favourably C-17s have been flown on received. "We have every rea­ to the US Air Force are also The production aircraft un­ being modified with the wing dergoing Combined Test Force more than 780 sorties for son to believe that, following around 2,940 flying hours. A this evaluation, the system strengthening, as well as other trials at Edwards AFB, Califor­ improvements. The changes are nia, will be despatched to Tulsa further 600 flight hours has will be integrated in any up­ been amassed by the Char­ grade package." • being introduced as the aircraft during the third quarter of are processed through McDon­ 1994. Aircraft are also receiv­ leston-based aircraft. •

M FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 GENERAL AVIATION

Beechcraft rates high in safety Product-liability Bill ilots flying Beechcraft Skylane RG and Centurion, the Model 33, 35 and 36 Mooney M20 series, the Piper BonanzaP s and Debonairs are Comanche and Saratoga and less likely to be involved in the Rockwell Commander 112 accidents than pilots flying and 114. shifts to Capitol Hill comparable high-performance The ASF studied 523 Bo­ ith the US Senate's vote Mooney Aircraft boss Jac­ single-engined pistons, accord­ nanza and Debonair accidents Win early March to impose ques Esculier says that the lim­ ing to a safety review published and compared them with 1,419 an 18-year limit on general- itation of product liability by the Aircraft Owners and accidents involving the other aviation manufacturers' prod­ "...should give a new impulse Pilots Association Air Safety aircraft. The ASF says that the uct liability, supporters of the to our industry that should Foundation (ASF). Beechcraft's pilots' overall acci­ reform legislation are marshall­ produce and sell more aircraft The ASF compared safety dent "...rate was only two- ing their forces to win its at lesser costs. The industry statistics from its accident data­ thirds that of pilots in other passage through the House of will also be capable of investing base for the three Beechcrafts aircraft studied". Representatives. in development of new aircraft against data for similar aircraft It did find, however, that If the legislation is approved models, incorporating new with retractable gear. Bonanza/Debonair pilots "...suf­ by Congress and is endorsed, technologies". These included the Cessna fered 30% to 40% more gear- as expected, by the White Mooney Aircraft, which in related accidents, primarily House, US manufacturers ex­ 1993 built only 80 aircraft, gear-up landings". pect a boost to production of plans to increase production Sikorsky chooses ASF analysis indicates that general-aviation piston-pow­ once the law is revised. most of the gear-up landings ered aircraft. Beech Aircraft says that it were made in pre-1986 models, Cessna Aircraft has an­ "...is keeping its options open" HUMS from GEC which have a "non-standard nounced its production plans, about the production rate for ikorsky Aircraft has se­ gear/flap arrangement". It says: although its rivals have been Bonanza and Baron aircraft. Slected GEC-Marconi De­ "In these aircraft, the flap and more reticent. Cessna chief Rus While confirming that "...prod­ fence Systems to supply a gear handles are arranged in Meyer is committed to re­ uct-liability reform can only health and usage monitoring reverse to the way most others starting piston-aircraft produc­ enhance our business", it says system (HUMS) for the S-76 are configured." The founda­ tion "as quickly as possible". that there are no plans to civil helicopter. Certification of tion was unable to explain why Within two years, it hopes to resume production of Sun­ the HUMS on the S-76B and the Beechcraft aircraft were in­ be building 2,000 Model 172s, downer, Skipper and Sierra pis­ C models is planned for the volved in fewer accidents. • 182s and 306s annually. ton-powered aircraft. • third quarter of 1995. The US manufacturer se­ lected the GEC HUMS from two "extremely competitive op­ Sherpa looks for US certification tions". The losing bidder is believed to have been a Scien­ he developers of the tific-Atlanta and Technology TSherpa utility aircraft have Integration team. GEC leads a begun the process of obtaining team made up of Bristow Heli­ US certification for the type. copters, MJA Dynamics and Sherpa Aircraft Manufactur­ Westland Helicopters. ing of Portland, Oregon, is to build the machine, which was Sikorsky says that the S-76 designed and constructed by HUMS will provide on-board bush pilot Byron Root. processing for real-time evalua­ tion of sensor-detected faults The aircraft is claimed to and, for post-flight analysis of have remarkable performance abnormal events, pilot-initiated and load-carrying ability in a recording of aircraft parame­ robust airframe which can be Sherpa has packed power and performance into a robust airframe ters, including cockpit noise operated from varied surfaces. and vibration. Root's business partner, speed propeller. Control sur­ carry a useful load of 1,016kg, Glen Gordon, says: "Real ex­ faces include Fowler flaps and with a standard fuel capacity The system is a development citement comes from the fact outboard spoilerons across the of 4601itres. of the Integrated HUMS that it isn't necessary to fly on entire span. Unofficial performance fig­ (IHUMS) purchased by heli­ the ragged edge to achieve copter operators Bristow, Bond, The Sherpa is fitted with ures include a sea-level, stan­ outstanding performance, over-sized tundra tyres with dard-day, still-wind take-off Braathens, Morefly and Brunei when you consider that land­ Shell Petroleum. Developed by removable axles, but can have roll at 1,370kg of 39m and a ing and take-off within 200ft floats or skis instead. The landing roll of 42m; dropping Bristow, with GEC supplying [60m] without maximum the data-acquisition and proc­ company says that the aircraft to 21m and 22m in a 9kt power and flap deployment is can carry 2001itre (55USgal) (17km/h) wind. Cruise speed essing unit, MJA the rotor track a matter of routine." and balance system, and West- drums or transport six passen­ at 75% power is 145kt. land the vibration health- The aircraft has a 300kW gers in a one-two-two configu­ The Sherpa will be shown at monitoring system, the IHUMS (400hp) Textron Lycoming ration, plus a jumpseat. the Experimental Aeroplane includes flight-data and cock­ IO-720 piston engine and The aircraft has an empty Association annual convention pit-voice recorders. • Hartzell three-blade constant- weight of 1,140kg and can at Oshkosh this year. D

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 15 SPACEFLIGHT Microsoft and McCaw team up for comms BY TIM FURN1SS Inmarsat P, Motorola's Iridium, the TRW Odyssey, Constella­ S software giant Microsoft tion Communications' Aries, Uhas formed a joint venture the Ellipso satellites of Ellipsat with McCaw Cellular to be­ International and Loral/Qual- come the latest entrant in the comm's Globalstar. proposed worldwide cellular- The $2.5 billion Inmarsat P telephone satellite-communica­ project is expected to be tions business. cleared in May after an altera­ The new company, called tion to the Inmarsat-signatory Teledesic, has requested per­ funding arrangements to en­ mission from the US Federal sure that major signatories, SHUTTLE'S GLOWING MISSION Communications Commission such as the USA and the UK, A picture returned from the recent Space Shuttle Columbia mission (FCC) to develop an 840- will not shoulder the main STS62 shows the "Shuttle glow" phenomenon — thought to be caused satellite system, costing $9 bil­ proportion of the costs of the by chemical processes involving ionisation of oxygen atoms or lion, by 2001. proposed system. molecules. The next Shuttle mission, the STS59/Endeavour, is due to The system would also pro­ The $3.5 billion Iridium sys­ start on 7 April and will be the first international Space Radar vide video conferencing and tem has $1.7 billion in pledged Laboratory Earth-observation mission (SRL-1). This will carry the US interactive multimedia chan­ investments and an order, L/C-band Shuttle imaging radar and the German/Italian X-band nels as part of a joint venture worth $700 million, to build synthetic-aperture radar instruments for the NASA Mission to Planet with Japan's NTT. the 66 satellites has been Earth programme. The six-crew STS59 mission will last for ten days, in a 57°-inclination, 220hm-altitude orbit. Other proposed worldwide placed with Lockheed, a major systems are the international project investor (Flight Interna­ tional, 22-28 September, 1993). Loral has raised $257 million to fund the start of the $1.8 billion Globalstar project, with Advanced Mars rover tested in Mojave pledges from US, French, Ger­ n advanced version of the tions system are also being also being tested to help build man, Italian, South Korean and ARussian-built Mars rover, evaluated. Further improve­ up topographic maps of the UK companies. complete with a new robotic- ments will include on-board rover's location. Another US company, mean­ manipulator device made by autonomous path planning, MDC programme manager while, has proposed a $494 McDonnell Douglas (MDC), where the vehicle makes its John Garvey says that the level million project to launch two has been operated successfully own "intelligent" assessments of future US-Russian co­ satellites to broadcast up to 50 by remote control near the of the best route to take to operation on the rover will channels of CD-quality music Amboy volcanic crater in the avoid tipping over rocks or depend on upcoming space- and information on a new S- Mojave Desert, California. hitting obstacles. programme decisions. band radio frequency, not yet The joint US-Russian team On-board image processing The current rover develop­ commercially available. controlled the rover from is also due to be incorporated. ments are aimed at the Rus­ CD Radio has made a provi­ MDCs Huntington Beach ro­ Both tasks are now performed sian-led Mars '96 and '98 sional order for two satellites botics laboratory, using com­ with computers based at the missions, although it could from Space Systems/Loral, but mands passed to the vehicle via control point. Full stereoscopic also be used on future US Mars has yet to raise all the neces­ Motorola cellular telephones. (three-dimensional) video is Surveyor missions. • sary funds for the project. In previous tests in 1993, the Other applicants for similar same California-based team FCC licences include American controlled the Rover on the Arcjets boost Telstar efficiency Mobile Satellite, which will Kamchatka Peninsula, in east­ also offer cellular-telephone he use of arcjets has dou­ efficiency and enables the pro- ern Russia, by relaying instruc­ satellite services throughout bled the thruster fuel- pellant requirement to be tions via an Inmarsat satellite. T the North American continent efficiency aboard the first halved, but still allows the using its M Sat spacecraft, to be Apart from the robotic Telstar 4 communications sat­ spacecraft to achieve its 12- launched in 1995. manipulator arm, the upgraded ellite, launched in 1993. year on-orbit lifetime. In another development, Prime- vehicle also has a Russian/ The conventional hydrazine The weight saving enabled star, a joint venture between Hungarian-developed on-board attitude-control and orbit- spacecraft operator AT&T to US cable-television firms and acquisition-module system, stationkeeping thrusters on place a heavier payload on GE Americom, plans to invest which is used to collect and the Telstar were augmented by board this first Martin Marietta $585 million in two new satel­ transmit sensor and the arcjets, which use an elec­ Series 7000 satellite. The lites to be launched in 1997. command data via an Inmos tric arc to superheat the hydra­ arcjets were developed by Olin GE Americom owns the satel­ T800 transputer. zine fuel. Aerospace, with research sup­ lite which is now being used by A graphics interface unit and This doubles the satellite's port from NASA. ' D an upgraded telecommunica­ the consortium.

(6 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April. 1994 BUSINESS

FOCUS European airports ranked by passenger volume 1993 GE puts back market

Rank City Airport Passenger nos Cargo tonnage (million) change (000) change 1 London Heathrow 47.9 5.9% 924 10.7% Frankfurt F-Main 32.5 5.8% 1,302 4.9% recovery until 1997 2 Paris CDG 26.1 3 3.6% 751 14.0% have already been cut from two 4 Paris Oriy 25.4 0.8% 295 -3.9% BY KEVIN O'TOOLE years to nine months and are 5 Amsterdam Schiphol 21.3 10.9% 810 11.9% due to fall to six months by 6 London Gatwick 20.2 1.0% 209 4.1% eneral Electric Aircraft En­ 7 Rome Fiumicino 19.3 4.7% 290 7.7% Ggines warns that weak 1995. Concurrent engineering 8 Madrid Barajas 17.6 -4.3% 195 2.4% civil and military markets are teams have also produced 9 Zurich Zurich 13.5 3.5% 322 5.1% unlikely to rebound before cycle-time reductions of up to 10 Manchester Manchester 13.3 7.6% 90 10.9% 1997, adding further pessi­ 60% for engine parts, he says. All ACI European airports: 575.2 4.1% 8,090 6.3% mism to its 1993 forecast. Cutbacks by airline custom­ The manufacturer, revealing ers left GE with order cancella­ Pacific airports ranked by passenger volume 1993 an 11% drop in sales for 1993, tions of $900 million for Rank City Airport Passenger nos Cargo tonnage says that weak markets make it engines in 1993, while intake (million) change (000) change "...unlikely that revenues and of new orders edged down to Tokyo Haneda 41.6 -2.6% 470 -4.0% operating profit will rebound $5.7 billion. The net result was Hong Kong 25.2 11.0% 1,154 20.6% until, at the earliest, the 1996 a $1.8 billion drop in GE's Osaka Kansai 23.4 -0.7% 492 2.1% to 1997 time frame". A year firm-order backlog to $7.7 bil­ Seoul 22.6 6.1% 399 10.4% ago, GE had said that an up­ lion, of which around one-third Tokyo Narita 22.1 0.5% 1,438 7.6% Singapore Changi 20.0 10.7% 854 16.3% turn was unlikely before 1995. is due for delivery this year. Bangkok 19.1 14.9% 157 2.3% The 1993 fall in revenues, to Sales to the US Government Sydney** Kingsford 16.6 na na na $6.6 billion, marks another stayed at a depressed $2.4 mil­ Smith year of decline from the peak lion in 1993 and are expected Taipei Chiang 12.5 3.5% 744 2.8% of nearly $7.8 billion in 1991. to fall to the $2 billion level by Kai Shek This fall would have been greater the mid-1990s, says Murphy. 10 Melbourne*' 11.0 na na na All ACI Pacific airports*: 242.5 5.5% 6,814 10.2% but for a small rise in indus­ He adds that development of trial-engine sales, as well as the the F414 engine for the US "Total includes Narita but not other Japanese airports first full year of operations from Navy's McDonnell Douglas "First year of reporting to ACI the UK overhaul operation ac­ F18-E/F programme has helped source: Airports Council International quired from British Airways. to offset declines. • Operating profits have also Airports shuffle in Pacific/European rankings shrunk, falling by 37% in 1993 Airport-traffic growth within Europe and the Pacific Rim was steady to $798 million, although that Intertechnique enough during 1993, but, as preliminary figures from the Airports was largely because of a $267 Council International (ACI) reveal, the good news was not evenly million provision to cover busi­ spread. Of the top ten European airports (ranked by passenger numbers, ness re-structuring and acquires LHC including transit) Amsterdam's Schiphol again produced the fastest workforce cuts. rench equipment manufac­ growth in passengers and cargo. In the passenger rankings, it pushed GE says that around 13,000 Fturer Intertechnique has ahead of London Gatwick, which managed only 1% of growth after a jobs have been shed over the bought hydraulics company year of upheaval. Madrid produced the only negative figures. Elsewhere, past three years and warns that L'Hydraulique Chateaudun Manchester made it into the top ten, in place of Stockholm, which it "...will continue to monitor (LHC) and acquired the assets suffered in a depressed local market. European cargo volumes also the changing business condi­ of LHC sister company Le shared good overall 6.4% growth, with London Heathrow's 10.7% surge tions closely". The division's Bozec Aeronautique (LBA), reflecting recovery in the UK economy, as well as a drive to increase president Eugene Murphy talks which went into bankruptcy in freight traffic. Pacific figures, meanwhile, were dominated by recession of "...dramatic steps to main­ June 1993. The acquisition is in Japan, which caused shrinking traffic at Haneda and Kansai, with little better from Navita. Traffic elsewhere in the region continued to tain our leadership in the diffi­ thought to be worth Fr25 mil­ show strong performances, with Hong Kong, Singapore and Bangkok cult times ahead". lion ($4.3 million). leading the way. Murphy points out that en­ The LBA activities have been gine order-to-remittance times brought under the management of LHC, which continues to operate under its own name. Intertechnique chairman Ed- Lower taxes help Singapore Aerospace profits mond Marchegay says that the ingapore Aerospace (SAe) turnover of S$454.1 million, S$2.2 million by California acquisition will add an esti­ Sachieved a 28% jump in net compared with S$24 million in Avi-Tron, its parts-manufactur­ mated Frl50 million to com­ profits for the year ending De­ the previous year. ing subsidiary. pany turnover in 1994. cember 1993, thanks to im­ The major improvement SAe says that it plans to Intertechnique, which manu­ proved performance by some came from its US-based mainte­ continue consolidating its ac­ factures oxygen masks and air- subsidiaries and lower taxes. nance subsidiary, Mobile Aero­ tivities, with emphasis on air­ to-air refuelling systems, SAe, which is part of the space Engineering, which craft maintenance. It owns 80% achieved a 1992 turnover of Singapore Technologies group, contributed S$4.1 million, its of Singapore Aviation Services, Frl.5 billion. The company's reported a net profit of S$30.7 first profitable year. This was a specialised commercial air­ results for 1993 are expected to million ($19.4 million) on partly offset by the loss of craft overhaul centre. • be about 10% down. •

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 17 INDUSTRY

zoom optics. The outer unit TEAM claims the first weighs 5.5kg, while the weight of a typical day-and-night sen­ two-hour CVR sor is 12kg. French electronics manufac­ The POP can be carried by turer TEAM (Telecommunica­ fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters tions Electronique Avionique or unmanned air vehicles. et Maritime) has launched TAMAM says that police and what it claims is the first cock­ customs airborne units are po­ pit-voice recorder (CVR) to tential customers for the new meet new US and European surveillance system. requirements for a 2h record­ ing capacity in commercial air­ craft. The rules are expected by Unisys unwraps system the end of this year. The TEAM system, devel­ for data integration oped jointly with Dassault Unisys has unveiled a new Electronique and avionics sup­ computer-based customer- plier Sfim, provides up to two management system (CMS) for hours' recording per channel airlines. The system is designed — it has four channels — and to integrate customer, flight, is interchangeable with all ex­ marketing and other informa­ isting types of CVR. tion from separate databases. Air France subsidiary Air The US computer giant says Inter is the launch customer. that the CMS will be available late this year. Unisys says that the CMS General Electric wins enables airlines to build exten­ sive customer-information Southwest contract databases. The enabling tech­ A $45 million, three-year con­ nology behind the CMS is the tract has been awarded to the Unisys DataCentral enterprise Engine Service Department server, a large-scale open data­ (ESD) of General Electric Air­ base server which permits craft Engines to continue main­ INTEGRATED LIFE PRESERVER high-speed, high-volume, on­ taining CFM56-3 engines Swiss-based Kanfer Aero has developed an integrated life preserver and line transactions and searches which power Southwest Air­ survival vest designed for the McDonnell Douglas F-I5E and Lockheed simultaneously on the same lines' fleet of Boeing 737-300s F-16C/D cockpit environments. The LPU-18/P vest has been successfully databases without degrading and -500s. blast-tested at 600 kt (1,100 hm/h) indicated airspeed. Its buoyancy, the system performance. ESD director of sales Robert when inflated, is greater than 34kg (761b). The outer section shell is Unisys says that today's air­ Malone says: "The contract has made from fire-resistant Nomex fabric and the pouches of the vest are line-information systems com­ designed to carry US Air Force/Navy rescue accessories. some unique provisions that prise loose collections of will permit sharing in produc­ largely non-integrated data­ tivity gains by both compa­ channel satellite-communi­ and has two main parts — an bases, such as those used for nies." Maintenance of the cations system for installation outer unit for mounting on the reservations, yield manage­ engines will be performed at on 57 long-range Boeing and carrying platform and the plug- ment, departure control and ESD's Engine Service Center at Airbus aircraft. in sensor module. frequent-flyer programmes. Arkansas City, Kansas. Collins has also secured or­ The design allows the sensor Some airlines have customer ders for its Series 900 avionics, to be changed in the field files in as many as 20 uncon­ including traffic-alert collision- within minutes. Sensors in­ nected databases, it adds. Collins Avionics gains avoidance systems, which have clude a focal-plane-array infra­ The fragmented nature of been selected by China South­ red camera for night and day these systems degrades the orders and approvals ern Airlines and Emirates Air­ use and monochrome and quality and usefulness of Rockwell International's Col­ lines for their recently ordered colour television camera with the information. lins Avionics has secured sev­ fleets of Boeing 777s. eral orders and approvals. NEWS IN BRIEF Its new FMS-4050 flight- management system has re­ IAI looks to military already supplies for the ceived the US Federal Aviation LIGHTS CONTRACT Boeing 757. Administration's Technical surveillance sector Lighting manufacturer Tele- flex Syneravia has been se­ Service Order approval. The Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI) LIGHT DISTRIBUTOR system has been designed for has introduced a lightweight lected to provide the tail logo Henry Williams Electrical regional airliners. To date, 12 plug-in optronic payload lights for the new Boeing 777 (HWEL) of the UK has been shipsets have been delivered to (POP) in a bid to penetrate the twinjet. The single-bulb units appointed by USA-based Canadair for installation on the para-military market for air­ use a halogen-filled filament Crouse-Hinds to act as dis­ Regional Jet. borne-surveillance systems. casing and reflecting mirror tributor in the UK and Eire Meanwhile, German flag- The system, developed by IAI's configuration. They are a de­ for its airport-lighting systems carrier Lufthansa has selected precision-instruments plant, velopment of the logo lights and components. Collins' SATCOM 906 six- TAMAM, is 260mm in diameter which the French company w FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 NEWSMAKERS SKY CONTROLLER Yves Lambert took over as head of Europe's air-traffic-control co-ordinating organisation Eurocontrol earlier this year, at a time when it is facing more challenges than ever.

t the start of this year, Yves interesting effects of the CFMU ity," says Lambert. While hope is to make NATO's sys­ ALambert took over the "...is that we can use it as a admitting that this is "nothing tem for controlling military leadership of Eurocontrol from kind of observatory to see more than a dream", he adds traffic compatible with his predecessor, Keith Mack, at where the problems are. We that "...our job is to get as close EATCHIP. "That may take five a time when the organisation is never had that before." as possible to that". years, but we need action now, assuming ever more responsi­ While there has been great One technique used by Euro- if it is to happen," he says. bility for European air traffic technical progress, Lambert control is to run simulations, Beyond the harmonisation of control (ATC). says that there is "...still a lot "...to show how imperfect our the existing ATC network, Mack's five-year tenure saw of work to do on airspace world is and to demonstrate there is the future European the launch of Eurocontrol's organisation and human re­ what we could achieve with Air Traffic Management System European ATC Harmonisation sources". Although he is care­ incremental improvements". (EATMS). Eurocontrol has ad­ and Integration Programme ful not to place blame on any The national civil-aviation justed its thinking on EATMS (EATCHIP), which has become particular authority for ineffi­ authorities "...are not above as the reality of a global- the key to solving the ciency, he clearly believes that criticism", says Lambert, "they navigation-satellite system enormous interface problems privatisation of ATC services, have often been reluctant to (GNSS) has taken hold. which have been posed by hav­ or "corporatisation", as he calls accept innovation." Much is The organisation has re­ ing different ATC systems in­ it, has advantages. being achieved through cently agreed to work with the stalled throughout Europe. "Some states are still stuck EATCHIP "...and in meetings European Union and the Euro­ Lambert, who was secretary- pean Space Agency to develop general of the International the "European complement" to Civil Aviation Organisation be­ the US global-positioning sys­ tween 1976 and 1988, then tem and Russian GNSS sys­ becoming France's director of tems. This would see dedicated air navigation, is modest about transponders placed aboard the his obvious qualification for "If we could wipe next series of Inmarsat satel­ the top job in Eurocontrol. lites, to provide Europe with Instead, he prefers to talk out the entire set of the satellite-navigation accu­ about the problems facing the air routes and start racy it needs. organisation in coping with the "Time is very short," empha­ annual 5% traffic increases pro­ again, we could get sises Lambert, "and this is our jected for the world's densest first action." air-traffic control region. an immediate 30- The next step is the follow- Although still in its infancy, on system which will replace EATCHIP is already a success, 40% increase in GPS. Lambert says that Europe, stresses Lambert. "We've made capacity." with its existing, developed, fantastic progress in the last ATC system "...will have a slow few years in the interlinking of evolution" to the use of GNSS ATC systems...punctuality has alone for primary navigation. improved as a result," he says. He agrees that GNSS "...is Lambert praises the national the navigation standard of the ATC authorities as much as future", but says that it is too Eurocontrol for making it hap­ early to think of dramatic pen. "They're all following with their public-service roles where people use a lot of pen­ changes in European ATC in­ EATCHIP principles now. It is and the restrictive practices cils and rubbers". frastructure, as a result. amazing to compare the cur­ that result. I'm not for or A major effort remains to Lambert has two main tar­ rent network with that of just against state-run organisations, convince the military authori­ gets for the next five years. "I'd three years ago." but it is a fact that corporatised ties of the need for a more like to see the European system The main evidence of Euro- organisations are more able to flexible approach to their use accommodating the expected control's abilities is seen in the adjust their workforce to their of airspace. "We've achieved a traffic growth, with the same new Central Flow Management needs," Lambert says. lot, particularly in the idea of level of safety and improved Unit (CFMU), based in Brus­ Europe also suffers from a Temporary Reserved Areas, punctuality, and we must de­ sels and Paris, which Lambert highly complex route system, where they accept that there is fine the system of the future, says is "a truly pan-European which has developed over the no need for fixed airspace, but that will be in use by the operational activity", as it in­ years without any real coher­ shift the boundaries according beginning of the next century. cludes some 30 states in its ence. "If we could wipe out the to their needs," says Lambert. I think it is safe to say that our computerised planning of air- entire set of air routes and start Lambert also wants countries plate is full," he concludes. traffic flows. again, we could get an immedi­ to consider adjacent cross- He notes that one of the ate 30-40% increase in capac- border training areas. Another BY JULIAN MOXON a

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 19 EUROFIGHTER 2000

n 27 March, the four-nation as a stumbling block to the programme's production aircraft each partner takes. At Eurofighter 2000 finally smooth progress. the outset, German and UK orders and "...slipped the surly bonds of Looming large is the issue of revising thus workshare, stood at 33% each. Now, Earth" and took to the air for workshare between Italy's Alenia, British the German air force may take as few as O45min over Manching, in southern Ger­ Aerospace, Spain's CASA, and Deutsche 120 aircraft, while the Royal Air Force is many. Its release, three years later than Aerospace (DASA). While senior Eu­ still due to take a nominal figure of 250. originally planned, was only temporary. rofighter management considers this to be Under the MoU, this would see UK Back on the ground, those "surly bonds", "tomorrow's problem", officials in Bonn workshare climb to 42% and Germany's in the shape of technical and political are preparing for what will be, at least, a fall to around 22%. issues, still leave the Eurofighter consor­ period of "animated negotiation" between There are those in BAe who advocate a tium facing a less-than-carefree future. the industrial partners. robust approach to DASA's concerns. Getting Development Aircraft 1 (DAI) Against the dark background of a Ger­ Eurofighter's previous managing director, airborne, with DA2 also due to be flown man election, with an electorate con­ John Vincent, considered "...the other shortly thereafter, will provide the project cerned over employment, any revision of nations unlikely to allow Germany to with a welcome fillip. Germany's share downward will need to have work when they badly need it in The Eurofighter management's dire be handled carefully. their own factories". Vincent's recent re­ warnings over the impact of a failure to placement, Bill McNaughton, is expected meet a flight date of around mid-April TOMORROWS PROBLEM to agree. were fuelled in part by an awareness that Under the present memorandum of un­ DASA is already lobbying in Bonn other battles will need to be fought over derstanding (MoU), workshare is in­ circles for political support to shore up its the next several months. tended to be based on the number of workshare stake. The company is under The first flight has served to prove that the Eurofighter is more than a farrago of Three years late, the Eurofighter 2000 has finally had its maiden technical and political foul-ups. In part, however, it has merely cleared the way for flight, hut the programme is not yet out of the woods. Douglas Barrie a new round of four-nation politicking, at examines the project's prospects. both national and industrial levels, to act

-/-

M. **/^W

LOOSENING THE

20 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 EUROFIGHTER 2000

severe pressure, with a 10,000-plus cut in too early to try and fix it now". Friedrich Exactly how "portable" this software is its workforce already being implemented. is concerned that any downward revision remains open to dispute. GMAv officials A reduction in its anticipated work on the of workshare would only aggravate poten­ claim that adopting it would be no easy Eurofighter project would inevitably see tial German problems with the project. task and would incur additional costs. further job cuts. Friedrich, who may yet hold a senior They also reject suggestions that the DASA is already understood to be position in a merged Panavia/Eurofighter delays to the Eurofighter FCS were pri­ reviewing its position on exactly when industrial structure, maintains that it is marily because of GMAv problems. DASA DAI will be transferred to BAe Warton. unacceptable to try to establish workshare declines to discuss the issue. Under the revised programme structure, before "hard numbers" are available for Some sources claim that DASA's moti­ the aircraft was scheduled to have only the whole production run. vation in floating the idea of making use lOh flight time at Manching before mov­ He claims that, while Germany has of X-31 software is primarily politically ing to join DA2 in the flight-test pro­ stated that its production need is 120 motivated and is being used as a weapon gramme at Warton. in the struggle over the This would leave DASA SDR for the FCS on the personnel at Manching with Eurofighter and also in a considerably reduced the wider issue of arty workload and the company threatened work- is now considering keeping share re-jig. the aircraft at Manching for a longer period, to provide PROGRAMME DELAYS work for the staff. Officials The delays to the within BAe say: "We don't Eurofighter programme see it as a problem. At least have also presented at least they are being enthusiastic two of the four nations about the project." with a "fighter gap", which With employment a key US combat-aircraft makers concern, DASA's "political have been quick to try to card" is that the procure­ address. First delivery of ment phase will have to be the Eurofighter, or the accepted by the new Ger­ European Fighter Aircraft, man Government in the as it was then, was origi­ second quarter of 1995. The nally due in 1996-7. Now, Eurofighter project is the UK and Italy will not hardly awash with stalwart receive their first aircraft support among Bonn politi­ until 2000, while Spain and cians — least of all from Germany will begin to take defence minister Volker theirs in 2002. Ruhe, whose antics during Italy anticipates an initial the course of 1992 brought Eurofighter 2000 finally became airborne on 27 March squadron to be operational the project to the brink no earlier than in 2005. of collapse. aircraft, this figure is likely to increase Both McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed In pursuing political support for the during the production run. Options being were looking to provide stopgap aircraft to procurement of the Eurofighter, DASA, is bandied about within DASA include the Italy, a move only thwarted by the leasing arguing the advantages of employment argument that workshare should be based of ex-RAF Tornado F.3 air-defence aircraft. and the industrial benefits. DASA con­ on development funding. In Spain, the USA has offered 40 second­ tends that any attempt to reduce German Wrapped up in the overall workshare hand F-16A/Bs — ostensibly as gap-fillers. workshare will undermine its ability to issue is the continuing wrangle over Both situations have sparked concern shepherd the programme through a po­ system-design responsibility (SDR) and among the partner nations' industries. Had tentially hostile parliament in 1995. risk-sharing on the digital flight-control Italy opted for a US solution, then its The production-investment go-ahead system (FCS). SDR for the Eurofighter position within Eurofighter would have would then be given to Eurofighter by the FCS is held by DASA, with GEC-Marconi been undermined. end of that year. Avionics (GMAv) implementing DASA- Spending money on a US aircraft to supplied control laws. Problems with the perform the same role, while funding a REVISIONS ARGUMENT FCS were the main cause of the three-year European combat aircraft, would have pro­ Among senior DASA management, there delay. BAe and GMAv are looking to take vided a difficult argument to push past are those arguing that the whole concept a risk-sharing role in the FCS — and thus politicians. The Tornados were leased effec­ of workshare allocation should be revised. a managerial stake in the FCS project — tively at a "no cost" to either party. These include Oscar Friedrich, managing with the SDR being split. Blocking US inroads into Spain, especially director of the Panavia tri-national Tor­ Any split of the SDR is being resisted in the shape of an inexpensive secondhand nado consortium. Friedrich, on second­ by DASA, although it wants to spread the F-16A/B, will prove more difficult for the ment to Panavia from DASA, argues that, financial risk of FCS development. In a Eurofighter partners. Spain, unlike Italy, is as far as workshare is concerned, "...it is further twist to the dispute, DASA is now not already a Tornado operator. proposing that it should use "It is going to be a fascinating few elements of the FCS software months," comments one senior developed for the Rockwell/ Eurofighter source, with a flair for under­ DASA X-31 high agility dem­ statement. Had the aircraft not been flown onstrator aircraft, rather than by 15 April, it could have been considerably the original GMAv-developed more interesting, and unpleasant, for Eurofighter software. BONDS the project. a FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 21 At Grumman Aerostructures, we've focused our energies and resources on nacelle systems and composite control surfaces. So naturally, we tend to have a different view of aircraft. What you see as just nacelles, ailerons, spoilers, or flaps are really Grumman's innovative solutions to our customers' aircraft requirements. We are dedicated to providing lightweight, reliable, cost-effective aircraft components. WE VIEW AIRCRAFT

A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY A leader in the aerostructures subcontract business for over twenty years, Grumman Aerostructures has developed a reputation for on-time deliveries and excellent working relationships with our customers. To find out if we can help satisfy your nacelle systems or composite control surfaces needs, please contact: Grumman Aerostructures, Bethpage, NY 11714-3582, USA. Phone: 1-516-577-8489, Fax: 1 516 577 4205 GRUMMAN" Congratulations to Boeing on the Roll-out of the 777. BOEING 777 TECHNICAL UPDATE

oeing refers to it as "...the brains replaceable unit to be self-contained. In­ of the aircraft — and that's really Contents stead, the company designed a cabinet in what it is", says Honeywell 777 Inside the AIMS 24 which previously federated systems could programme manager, Don Mor­ Databus network 26 be grouped together to share resources. rowB, describing the new twinjet's aircraft The resulting installation saved weight information management system (AIMS). Laboratory advances 28 and cost, as well as improving reliability The AIMS consists essentially of two Fly-by-wire first 30 and maintainability. identical cabinets holding all the central To group everything together, Honey­ processing and input/output hardware to 777 would work, making Honeywell's task well used two major avionics and semi­ perform flight management, control of of creating a fully functioning AIMS vital conductor advances. The first was robust displays, central maintenance, aircraft- from the beginning. "AIMS had to be partitioning, which allows several soft­ condition monitoring and digital there for everything else, and it had to be ware packages to be used on the same communications management. The AIMS there early on to validate the systems it computer. The second was application- is also used to handle flightdeck data- supports," says Morrow. specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which acquisition and communications, engine- To achieve these goals, Honeywell enable the integration of more system data interface and data conversion. turned its back on traditional systems functions in a single processor channel. Without all these, nothing else on the architectures which require each line- "Each computer module has different software in it, both Boeing takes a hig step into the future on 9 April when it rolls out its latest twinjet, the flight-critical and non 777. Never before has a single new Boeing airliner incorporated so many major flight-critical. With robust partitioning, technological advances—particularly in avionics. GuyNorris looks at these key we keep them sepa­ systems in the 777 and assesses the impact of Boeing's new development tool — the rated as effectively as if we built a brick Integrated Aircraft Systems Laboratory. wall between them," says Morrow. ASICs provided a means to an end for Honeywell's AIMS ambitions, but they INSIDE THE 777 also gave the corn- Left: The first 777 off the line is seen in the background, while work is conducted on the sec­ ond machine. Below: Honeywell's "val­ idation facility" in the 777's flightdeck

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 BOEING 777 TECHNICAL UPDATE

pany a few headaches. "We developed our final-pass ASIC", he readily admits that ness. The 747-400 was not delivered own processing-logic chips that were built the problems were frustrating and could service-ready. Each aircraft needed a lot of to our own specification in terms of speed have caused serious delays. small items worked on after the airline and performance. However, we and our "At some stages, we've been barely received it. With this and ETOPS [ex­ subcontractors encountered some pretty holding schedule, but we've been support­ tended-range twinjet operations] 'out of serious ASIC problems and will retrofit ing Boeing and we've kept them on their the box,' there can't be any serious prob­ final-pass ASICs into the programme," functional test plan," says Morrow. "The lems. So software and hardware have to be Morrow explains. only headaches we've had were in the reliable," says Morrow. scheduling. It's a been a bigger job than He continues: "That's the pressure to IMPROVED CHIPS COMING we thought, but, with the help of our make sure it's in place by October," when Improved versions of the new chip are suppliers, we've pulled it off. In a sense, Boeing starts a period of "service-ready" being made under subcontract by two we've brought our suppliers to the state ETOPS testing, in which a 777 will be California-based companies. LSI Logic of the art as we've got there." used on 1,000 cycles to equal one year's makes the digital ASIC, while hybrid While Honeywell was giving lessons to worth of real airline-type experience. ASICs are being made by AMI Gould. its suppliers, it was receiving different Other Boeing-led lessons emerged from Although Morrow says that "...we've al­ tutelage from Boeing. "A big lesson was the construction of the integrated aircraft- ways it had in the plan that we'd do this provided by the concept of service readi­ systems laboratory (IASL) in Seattle and Inside the AIMS any of the systems which interact those on the 747-400 and 767 — if we Min AIMS are being developed by hadn't changed their minds," adds staff Honeywell, including the graphics com­ engineer Richard McCartney. "The big­ puter for the primary flight instruments gest challenge was to design flight- (the electronic flight-instrument system worthy displays with very wide viewing and the engine-indication and crew- angles, both vertically and horizontally. alerting system), and the flight- This is also the first commercial applica­ management system control and display. tion of this technology and the first Honeywell persuaded Boeing to use large-area active-matrix liquid-crystal active-matrix liquid-crystal flat-panel dis­ display," he adds. plays, but faced a challenging develop­ "We're shooting for a display that's ment schedule. better than CRT quality," says Gomer. "There were compelling reasons for The current display can be viewed from looking at flat-panel displays," says di­ all aspects in bright ambient or direct rector of engineering for display develop­ light, making it possible for one crew- ment, Frank Gomer. He cites improved member to look across the flightdeck reliability, lower weight and reduced and easily view the PFD screen in front power requirements as the main reasons. of the other crewmembers' position. "Hybrid CRTs [cathode-ray tubes] "Boeing wanted no fall-off in quality would have been used on the 777 — like from a hybrid CRT and you've got to Cabinets are tested before going to Seattle applaud them for that, but it Flat-panel display can be viewed from acute angles does make life difficult for gives the display unit the capability for Honeywell. I'm not being crit­ anti-aliasing (consistent appearance), ical of that, but to mature and symbol prioritisation (one symbol ap­ perfect that technology right pearing in front of another), masking, out of the box has been a image fusion and variable line-width challenge. The Boeing- drawing. It also incorporates a high­ Honeywell team is very speed digital datalink, with data com­ pleased with the outcome," pression for interfacing to the graphics Gomer says. generator in the aircraft-equipment bay. "So far we're pleased, but Other AIMS systems include the cen­ we recognise we want to see tral-maintenance function, which re­ further improvements be­ duces the need for "shotgun" mainte­ tween now and March 1995," nance by improving fault isolation and he adds. One area of work detection capability. Another system, the remaining, for example, is to aircraft-condition monitoring function, eradicate a faint inconsistency constantly acquires engine and aircraft in the luminance which mani­ systems data for use by airline- fests itself as a barely discerni­ maintenance planners. ble border lining the edge of The AIMS also includes the digital the display. "It's certainly not communications-management function a certification issue, but it's as an access point for digital information something we want to solve," and it links airborne and ground-based says Gomer. systems. Another vital element of the An unusual feature of the AIMS is the flight-management function display unit is a custom which builds on systems developed for graphics-generator chip-set, the 747-400; 757 and 767 and includes called the Beamformer. This thrust management.

24 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 WORKING TOGETHER. CONGRATULATIONS FROM THE TEAM AT COLLINS AVIONICS.

9 Rockwell BOEING 777 TECHNICAL UPDATE

the push to reduce FMS [flight-man­ cycle time. agement system], "A lot of the most of central sort of information maintenance, a lot we needed, we of displays, a basic were able to check map and fault re­ out up front in the porting. Roughly IASL. The fact that 70% of all soft­ they built that has ware was delivered also increased the with that load," probability of sup­ says Morrow. porting the ETOPS The next major schedule. To do delivery, Load 2, is that, we've needed scheduled for maintenance up around the time of front, whereas, tra­ the roll-out and ditionally, it's will contain al­ come at the end. most 90% of the The other key to software code, in­ this has been cluding the rest of technological advances the FMS, the final learning to reduce Never before has a Boeing so many major our cycle time displays and cen­ We're all trying to reduce cycle time and the IASL] up as it provided functionality," tral maintenance, as well as the full map cost, yet improve quality. Boeing's trying says Morrow. display. Load 2.5, taking software levels to to build a new aircraft from scratch in the "The second delivery, in October- 92%, will take place in early May. same time as it normally does an upgrade. November, had enhanced functionality Further loads will be delivered at That's the greatest achievement: getting and allowed check-out of the aircraft around one a month following the first cycle time down and still improve quality. wiring which enabled Boeing to turn the flight of the 777, which is due on 1 June. We've managed both," claims Morrow. SIL over to production," he adds. Func­ "We'll keep on delivering at this rate until tions at this stage included a basic engine- we get to 100% and ETOPS with Load 5 FIRST SIMULATOR DELIVERIES indication and crew-alerting system around September," Morrow says. Honeywell began deliveries of the first (EICAS), primary flight display (PFD) and Although still "Red Label" (or engineer­ "simulator hardware" to Boeing in August some navigational capability. ing-development standard), the load will and September 1993. "This first set of "In January 1994, we delivered Load 1 officially achieve "Black Label" (produc­ deliveries allowed Boeing to bring the SIL with real lock-step [definitive] hardware. tion-standard) status when the aircraft is systems-integration laboratory — part of It had a lot more functionality with initial certificated in April 1995. The databus network he AIMS "talks" to the rest of the Also interfaced with the AIMS is the ADIRS programme manager Les Edinger. T777 through several databus net­ Collins Avionics autopilot/flight-director Production units to support ETOPS works. The majority of data transmission (described separately) and the flights will be delivered on 1 September. passes through two isolated ARINC 629 maintenance-access terminal. The com­ Other elements which are connected databus networks, one for aircraft sys­ pany was also selected to supply the to the huge system include a battery of tems and one for the digital flight- optional electronic data-management AlliedSignal solid-state cockpit-voice control system. As some systems require system side-display units. (CVR) and flight-data recorders, sup­ only single transmitters, they will be The Honeywell-developed air-data/ ported by a CVR control panel and linked with an analogue ARINC 429 bus. inertial-reference system (ADIRS) also remote microphone. One function card in each of the interfaces with the ARINC 629 bus. The AlliedSignal Databus, through its re­ cabinets will be used as a data- air-data/inertial-reference unit within the cent acquisition of Sundstrand's Data conversion gateway, enabling the AIMS system has a new Hexad configuration of Control division, is also supplying the to interface with both bus networks, six ring laser gyros in a skewed-axis ground-proximity warning system. along with some discrete signals. arrangement instead of the normal or­ Power control for the databus net­ Data to and from the flightdeck will thogonal alignment. works is supplied by Sundstrand Electric pass along another ARINC 629 highway. The ADIRS also includes a secondary Power Systems, which produces both the These include Rockwell-Collins-pro­ back-up system for the primary flight- main and back-up electrical systems. duced flat-panel, colour liquid-crystal control system, called the SAARU. This Governing the load will be the Smiths display standby indicators for attitude, contains interferometric fibre-optic gyros Industries electrical load-management airspeed and altimeter. The first passively (IFOGs) which drive a secondary atti­ system (ELMS) which is designed to cooled displays were delivered early tude-director indicator, altimeter and air­ handle the control, distribution and pro­ in 1993. speed indicator. It is the first application tection of power supplies throughout the The system will also handle the wide of such IFOG technology (in which light aircraft. The ELMS will link all electrical variety of optional systems available to is sent in two directions along a fibre-optic systems, elements, units and equipment the airlines. These include the Collins pathway and, if any rotation takes place, through the ARINC 629 databus. The Series 900 avionics suite, AlliedSignal the resulting difference in the beam can same bus will also carry fuel-quantity traffic-alert and collision-avoidance sys­ be measured), says the company. data to the flightdeck displays from the tem, weather radar and altimeter, and "We've completed all the design and Smiths Industries-built ultrasonic fuel- similar options from Honeywell. will be verifying it around 1 May," says quantity indicating system.

26 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 Europe's Business Magazin 1

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This will keep the flight-test programme to a manageable size." Laboratory advances The ability to test and re-test systems will also help Boeing in its efforts to ot many of the 100,000 people at the Aircraft-Zero flightdeck systems are in the achieve "instant ETOPS", or "ETOPS out Npublic unveiling of the 777 on 9 cab 2 interactive flightdeck simulator," of the box" as it is sometimes called. April will realise that the aircraft has says Fanning. "We're extremely useful to ETOPS be­ already "flown" for thousands of hours. Aircraft Zero represents the entire phil­ cause we're taking development work and The flights have been happening for osophy of the IASL. "We must think of it pulling that forward. We've always had months, not through the airspace over as the first aircraft — not the one that will the desire to do that, but never had the Seattle, but by the murky Duwamish roll out. We encourage people to think of tool to do it before," Fanning says. Waterway in the southern district of the it like that because it focuses them. When The IASL is not intended just for the city. Here lies Boeing's newest, most I say 'them', I mean people here as well 777 and, as part of the recognition of the powerful development tool, the Integrated as those involved in production," he adds. increasing complexity of new air-transport Aircraft Systems Laboratory (IASL). aircraft, it will be used for all new Boeing Inside this centre of excellence are EARLY EMPHASIS aircraft and derivatives. "We're looking at grouped several integration laboratories Early test emphasis was on the flight- what we'll have to do for the 737-X family devoted to meeting the "service-ready" control test rig (FCTR) which is used to as well as the B-market 777 and the goal of the 777 — the first aircraft to pass validate the 777's fly-by-wire flight- stretch version," says Fanning. through the new system. "The 777 repre­ controls system and its electrical and Some other activities, such as the engi­ sents a change in the way we're doing hydraulic support systems. Unlike previ­ neering-development flightdeck cabs of things at Boeing and this represents that ous rigs, which required the correct orien­ the 737, 747-400, 757 and 767 have also change," says 1ASL implementation man­ tation of an actual aircraft for testing, the been moved into the IASL. The group of ager, Arthur Fanning. seven engineering simulation "The biggest challenge is keep­ cabs is recognised as a third ing up with the dynamic envir­ integration lab in its own right. onment. Building an aircraft is a "Cab 2 [777] is among those huge human endeavour and IASL systems that are really keeping up with that dynamic is pushing the technology edge," the largest challenge," he says. says Fanning. "It does a full One of the main dynamics of simulation of the aircraft by the 777 programme is the drive using real aircraft systems. to have the aircraft ready to Without those systems in place enter service from day one. "We it would be really difficult to have a service-ready initia­ de-bug them." tive....but how do we know the The fourth integration labo­ 777's service-ready? We don't ratory is for the electrical- know that until we see it work. power system, in which new We used to see it work on the designs for electrical-power flight line. Now we see it in the integrated Aircraft Systems Laboratory: dedicated to "service ready" 777 generation and distribution are lab before it ever gets built." evaluated. The site is used as a The IASL "....consolidates tasks that flight controls for the 777's three control test rig for the 777's systems, largely were done around Seattle and brings axes are mechanically independent of produced by Sundstrand Electric Power together technical development under one each other and connected by wire. Systems. The aircraft's variable-speed, roof. We used to develop technology in Signals are sent electronically from a constant-frequency electrical-power gen­ one location, build it in another and test simulated cockpit, where engineers move eration system is among the first commer­ it somewhere else. Now we're trying to the control columns and rudder pedals to cial applications of this technology. locate all those functions here, apart from actuate the rig's control surfaces. In the Boeing's experience of the IASL and the design," says Fanning. case of the Iron Bird, it has one of each new technology to date indicates that this The $110 million centre opened for of the main "flight feathers" — an aileron, will continue to be the right way to go. business in October 1992 and is still rudder and elevator — as well as a set of "We were concerned that growing com­ expanding, as new activities begin filling spoiler panels. plexity will outpace our ability to make its 48,000m2 area with over $250 million Once electronic "boxes" have been aircraft in this way. In some cases, such worth of test equipment. More than 50 tested in the FCTR, they join others as using CAD/CAM [computer-aided de­ functional laboratories are housed, four of already being run in the SIL. "We've built sign/manufacturing], we put in extra time which are integration labs which bring up the SIL layer by layer by layer and for building up and fitting together the together groups of aircraft systems. we've gradually assembled the backbone first parts, using what we thought was The Systems Integration Laboratory of the structure with a digital bus and got already an aggressive time improvement (SIL) is one of the major units of this it communicating," says Fanning. compared to the past. group. The SIL has 43 Harris Night Hawk Software needed for the first aircraft "What actually happened was that less computers to verify the correct perform­ was infiltrated into the system in January time was required than we expected. Parts ance of the systems interfaces and checks and later shipped as "Red Label" items to fitted together much better and more their behaviour in simulated flight and Everett for installation in the real 777. consistently. ground operations. The impact of the IASL was felt by the "So, the next time we know we will "Aircraft Zero", or the "777 without the programme as early as late 1993. "We've continue to be cautious, but we shall skin", is divided up between the laborato­ changed the later parts of the programme shorten our development time. Already, ries. "Aircraft-Zero avionics are in the SIL, already," says Fanning. "We've been able the team's doing great and every day Aircraft-Zero engineering is in the 'Iron to reduce the number of demonstrations they' find new ways.to amaze us," con­ Bird' [the flight-controls test rig] and required in flight test by doing them here. cludes Fanning.

28 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 BOEING 777 TECHNICAL UPDATE

and full-time pitch-stability augmentation; • secondary mode is reversionary, for Fly-by-wire first when data from the primary and back-up inertial sensors are unavailable. It gives a he 777 is Boeing's first fly-by- the ARINC 629 databus, through the direct digital control path between wire (FBW) airliner, and was conventional control-column yoke and flightcrew inceptors and control surfaces; designed to incorporate this sys­ rudder pedals. In automatic mode, the • direct mode by-passes the PFCS and tem after the benefits of FBW commands are received from the triplex the ACE-analogue link is engaged. Ttechnology were thoroughly evaluated for autopilot and flight director (AFDS). GEC Avionics 777 programme manager potential use on the 7J7 programme. This system, again built by Collins, Malcolm Earl says: "Black Label hardware One of the first design advantages of consists of three re­ FBW comes from using flight-control dundant AFDS computers to provide stabilising functions computers, one Elevator J which allow the use of lighter wing and mode-control panel f\ (single span) \_ y? // Single tail structures. The FBW system also and six backdrive i rudder replaces complex, mechanical, cables, pul­ control actuators. Spoilers L\ Flaperon ^J^^JJ^ leys, brackets and linkages, making the The physical feed­ (7 per side) "^T ^W^ ^^~~~~^~~^ <^L_I control system inherently easier to build. back to the control The company also predicted that an column, yoke and Stabiliser pedals is via an in­ FBW system would be more reliable, /-^^^ „<• 0^> ^^5^ aileron characteristics, and also protect against cessor backdrive. inadvertent manoeuvres. The Boeing sys­ Surface, trim and tem, while ensuring that ultimate control feel actuators are © Reed Business Publishing authority remains with the pilot, has driven by four Surfaces controlled by PFCS functions which "assist" the pilot in actuator-control "avoiding or recovering from exceedances electronics (ACE) of operational boundaries". units produced by California-based Lear will be delivered in October. We've got At the system's core are three identical Astronics and Teijin Seiki America, the software in the [test] rigs and we're GEC-Marconi Avionics primary flight Washington-based subsidiary of the Japa­ continuing final integration and testing. computers (PFCs), each used to calculate nese parent company. Teijin Seiki pro­ We also have software on the aeroplane." control commands for primary surface duces the powered control units (PCUs). Although Earl says that the programme actuators, the trim system and the con­ Each ACE receives command data via has endured "all the normal software trol-column-feel system by Rockwell- a specific ARINC 629 bus but, if the bus problems", GEC has "...so far achieved the Collins Air Transport. In manual mode, or PFC has failed and no data comes major milestones". One such was the the PFCs receive flightcrew demands, via through, it switches automatically to one validation of the Boeing-developed flight- of the other two buses. Flightcrew de­ control laws, completed in late 1992 with mands are routed through the ACE on to a modified 757 flying testbed. the ARINC 629 bus so, in the unlikely "The biggest challenge is to get the Control laws event of a total PFCS failure, a reversion­ autopilot engaged with the PFC. The • Pitch The flight-control laws of the ary analogue command path is available to Collins autoland algorithms are well de­ 777 differ mainly from other Boeing control the aircraft through the ACE. fined and, when we produced boxes for types in pitch. The aircraft is trimmed Despite safety requirements imposed to the 757, we locked into the autopilot back to a speed and any alteration from this ensure against an overall FBW system in those," says Earl. B speed causes a pitch change. If the failure, a back-up speed drops, for example, the law will mode is available, cause the nose to drop to regain speed. Engine Autopilot consisting of an ndication crew- flight- Power- In turn, this means that changes in independent me­ speed, rather than configuration and alerting director supply chanical link con­ system computers assemblies power, will cause trim alterations. * t trolling the stabil­ Aeroplane Air-data This law is called the C* U law. C* iser trim system Secondary represents a manoeuvre demand Flap/slat information inertial- attitude and two flight electronic * management reference air-data (which in turn demands g load), while spoilers. units system unit reference unit U is positive stability. The aircraft can • Roll Beyond 35° of bank, the 777 therefore be con­ _, ,_ ^ , system introduces a positive spiral sta­ - ^± trolled by mechan­ -f-* bility, which makes the aircraft want to ical reversion or TriDlex ARINC 829 return to 35° of bank through aileron three FBW system i data busses deflection. This is made obvious to the Primary operational modes Control column & crew through stick movement, but can pedal-position flight — normal, secon­ be overcome with force if needed. transducers computers dary and direct: • Yaw Although it will be very like those • normal mode is 1 of the 757 and 767, the new system has Trim * Actuator- Power- when all PFCS control a thrust-asymmetry compensation sys­ switches control functions are avail­ slectronics units (31) tem, which automatically applies rud­ able. It provides der in the event of an engine failure. envelope protec­ —» Trim Pitch-feel actuators actuators • Operating limits Artificial changes tion from stall, in stability or control forces to warn overspeed, exces­ the pilot as operating limits approach. sive bank angle Electronic flight control system

1/GW INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 29 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY Rl MILITARY AIR The heightened element of risk in military flying is a challenge which some air forces are meeting successfully. David Learmount, Paul SAFETY Phelan, Ari Egozi and Ramon Lopez report. he US Marine Corps comman­ serious accident numbers have decreased by the US Navy and the USMC is being dant Gen Carl Mundy decided to by 90% since the 1970s. reduced because cuts mean that there are suspend all flying for 48h late in This trend is continuing, according to fewer pilots. Each pilot, however, is flying 1993 following a rash of flight the colonel in charge of the air force's the same number of hours as before. Taccidents, even though there appeared to aerospace safety and inspection director­ Scheffler says that human factors re­ be no common factor among the acci­ ate. (The Israelis will not reveal his name main the greatest single concern, being a dents or aircraft types. The aircrew stand- for security reasons.) He states that there major cause in 60% of accidents. It is, he down involved both general and aircraft- is no increase in the number of accidents says, also the most difficult cause to specific flight-safety lectures and included on combat (compared with training) sor­ research and to correct. A study by the US maintenance malpractice presentations. ties, pointing out: "We are an air force Naval Safety Center reveals, for example, The objective was to focus on safety and that combines training with a very high that 12.2% of serious accidents occurred raise awareness. The USMC says that, by number of combat flights." when the crew were fatigued. stopping flying, "...you certainly get peo­ "One of things we've initiated in the ple to focus their attention on the prob­ HUMAN FACTORS last several years is the human-factors lem for a couple of days". According to the colonel, human factors board [HFB]", says Scheffler. "Without The suspension was followed by a account for 50% of accidents. He adds the being too intrusive in a pilot's private life, "back in the saddle" programme. It is a rider that high pilot workload itself is we try to identify stresses or poor per­ USMC policy to have special briefing accepted as a "major" accident cause and formance by an aircrew member. We look periods when appropriate. These take points out that upgrade programmes for for life stresses that could be causing that place, for example, after the Christmas some types have been aimed primarily at performance: financial problems or a holiday period, when seasons change, or reducing workload. death in the family, for example." before flights in areas where extreme The USMCs director of aviation safety The HFB has been in existence for weather conditions, such as monsoons, at the Naval Aviation Center at Norfolk, three years and was formalised during the may be encountered. Virginia, Col William Scheffler, says: last 18 months. Scheffler says that there The rigorous policy of the USMC, and "Safety during fiscal year 1994 is, how­ appears to be some success in the effort, of other air arms, appears to be effective. ever, running at a very good rate — well but it is difficult to quantify. There has Gradually improving non-combat flight- below where we were this time last fiscal been intervention based on HFB meetings safety trends were clear in those air forces year." He says that a significant reason with individual pilots, with suspension of and air arms which co-operated in this appears to be that "...we have emphasised flying until the problem is resolved. first review of military air-safety practice risk assessment/risk management. We are Ground-proximity warning systems are and thinking. It is impossible to say with expending more effort on this. Previously to be fitted in USN McDonnell Douglas any certainty, however, that peacetime we have focused on the individual, or on F-18s first, Scheffler says, then McDon­ military flight-safety improvement is a an individual mishap. Now we look at nell Douglas AV-8Bs. He adds that there worldwide trend. squadron safety". is a system in development specifically In the USA, military flight-safety figures The number of total flight hours flown for helicopters. have more or less been static for the past five years, but had shown major improve­ ments before that. There are signs that, so US Military Aviation Class A accident rate far, the current year for US Navy (USN) and US Marine Corps (USMC) aviation will be good. The Royal Australian Air Force, with its small numbers, shows a marginally im­ proving trend, and the Royal Air Force has recorded downward trends in both training and fastjet accident numbers (see graphs for all three nations). All three operate in different environments with dissimilar equipment and train with dis­ tinct anticipated conflicts in mind, but the trends appear uniformly encouraging. Comparing the Israeli air force with other operations would be inappropriate. It is unique because it has been at a 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 permanent state of combat readiness for Year almost 30 years. Nevertheless, its annual

30 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April. J» MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVl

A test programme is planned for heli­ ous aircraft is in danger of colliding with Even in daylight, British Aerospace copter mechanical, diagnostic and health other aircraft, particularly when it is a Hawks when approaching are, notori­ and usage monitoring systems (HUMS) — fastjet. Finding ways of reducing this ously, seen first by their headlights, not the latter following the example set by the danger is a task the Royal Air Force and by their slim outlines. Existing high- UK Civil Aviation Authority programme the UK CAA have set themselves. intensity strobe lights are not effective requiring HUMS to be fitted to helicop­ If the aim is to make the aircraft during the day, according to the study — ters. "We are advocating a HUMS pro­ conspicuous, painting it in a colour such the aircraft shape is usually seen before gramme for USN/MSC helos," says as yellow, white or orange to make it the light. Even stronger strobes have not Scheffler. "It has wider implications than stand out would seem to be the best way been ruled out. safety. It could lead us to condition-based to do it. According to recent research Other military anti-collision measures maintenance." carried out for the RAF, however, the best under examination include an identifica­ Flight-data recorders are required in all colour for livery used over typical UK tion friend-or-foe (IFF)-based system, for new US military aircraft and there is a terrain is matt black, says the RAF's which RAF trials will begin in June. The retrofit programme for some of the exist­ Inspector of Flight Safety, Air Cdre Martin warning may be audio only, and advice of ing fleet. The newest F-18s come with a Abbott. conflict only, not of evasive action. It is "deployable" flight-data recorders to ease The research began after several mid-air seen as a peacetime measure, says Abbott. the investigation of overwater crashes. collisions occurred, particularly at low Examination of traditional flight-safety The recorder, which has an in-built loca­ level, both between military aircraft and practice and thinking is part of a continu­ tor beacon, is ejected and floats to the between military and civil types. Studies ous programme which is designed to water surface following a crash. were aimed at making both civil and make air force safety more pro-active, military aircraft more conspicuous and according to Abbott. CONSPICUOUS RESEARCH colour was not the sole measure. Perhaps the new forward-looking think­ Attempting to improve military flight It is unlikely, however, that all Panavia ing is having its effect in practice. Abbott safety while maintaining the effectiveness Tornados, for example, would be painted points out that the RAF's fast-jet accident of operational training calls for ingenuity. black because, as Abbott points out, some rate "...has been halved from the historic Camouflage patterns in colours appropri­ training value, especially in combined rate" during 1992 and 1993 (see graph). ate to the theatre of operation help exercises, would be lost. Furthermore, it Helicopter accident rates have not military-strike aircraft survive when the is not practical to expect all civil opera­ changed over the decade, however, "...so greatest danger is from the enemy. tors to adopt a uniform matt black livery we are looking at it", says Abbott. In peacetime, however, an inconspicu­ for their aircraft. Accident-prevention thinking has started to take new practical forms. For example, says Abbott, there is a new, Royal Australian Air Force highly analytical approach now to the fatal and serious accidents - fastjets entry into squadron service of new air­ craft. This programme of intensive analy­ sis has so far been carried out for only one aircraft type — the Chinook Mk2, which enters service this year. Basically, the programme started with making sure that all safety-related recom­ mendations for the Chinook Mkl had been carried out. Next, as Abbott ex­ plains, there was an examination not only of the preparedness of operating stations, but of all other units "up and down the line" involved in the Mk2 operation, including maintenance units and the Min­ istry of Defence (MoD). This work, says Abbott wryly, "...produced a 5kg report with 50 recommendations. The recom­ RAF fastjet accidents 1984 -1993 mendations were tracked through to com­ pletion." This has been a success, Abbott says. Now, other types and their operation, including in-service machines, are tar­ geted for similar analysis. Future analyses, however, are to include the MoD Procure­ ment Executive. "The [Chinook study] showed that there was a need to keep close control on configuration and modifi­ cation for any particular role or task." It made clear, according to Abbott, that, "...if the aircraft isn't home-grown", a particularly close eye must be kept on its entry into service and its modification because "...the original specification was drawn up for someone else". With analysis resources limited, priori­ ties had to be set and the operation of

ft'GW INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 31 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVIEW

British Aerospace Harriers nancial year we've had one acci­ has been chosen as next in dent, which we hope will be the line for study. last," it adds. The Harrier GR-7 single- CRM training for the RAAF seat night-attack tircraft, has, until recently, been pro­ however, has had a successful vided by Australian Airlines, but recent introduction :nto op­ now the RAAF has an in-house erational service. Abbott programme. "There is a need for thinks that the ser'ice has CRM training," says the FSD. reason to be pleased with "We recognise it and we've gen­ this: "This is an exacting new erated our own course which is role, but it has been con­ being run with the assistance of ducted without any major an ex-Australian Airlines in­ accidents or incidents structor." The objective is to through the second winter of reduce the high proportion of night operations," he says. human-factors accidents. Abbott says that the pre­ The Australian military does sent intention is to keep op­ not place as much importance erational training methods on peacetime low-flying training and objectives much as they as does the RAF. It says: "We see are today, because a wide Even in daylight, BAe Hawks are seen first by their headlights a transition time being available range of tasks has proved so that we can work from the them effective. He cites operations in the publication of charts with better peacetime limitation to the contingency." Bosnia, Turkey and Northern Iraq, as well flow-pattern information. The RAAF also takes into account low- as the Gulf conflict and the Falklands RAF human factors practices include a level turbulence and its adverse impact on War, as examples of what the UK and the well-established confidential reporting aircraft-structural fatigue. It keeps low- world require of the RAF and says that a system, in which the Inspector is the only flying sorties short by siting the weapons good safety record "in theatre" proves that person who sees the name on the report. range close to the airfield. the training is appropriate. Crewt-resource management (CRM) train­ The FSD is concerned that the numbers Low-flying training is an essential part ing and principles are being used of individual orders and instructions have of the operational requirement, says Ab­ "...where it has military applications". been growing, but have not been co­ bott, who says, however, that only 25% of ordinated or harmonised. To solve that accidents occur through low-altitude fly­ AUSTRALIAN SAFETY problem, it has set up a three-man team ing. Hours spent on it cannot be reduced The RAAF Flight Safety Directorate (FSD) to research a better system. because, having already been reduced in says that the most significant flight-safety The team may look at interaction with 1988 as a part of the "peace dividend", the trend is a decrease in the accident rate other air forces — "a very fertile field", military is now on minima. New criteria over the past five years years. "Our says Abbott, citing the European Air — apart from conspicuity measures — are accident rate is about 2.6 per 100,000h, Forces Flight Safety Committee. Since being examined, however: these include which has come down over previous there is a prolific amount of positive possibly raising visibility minima, and years," says the FSD. "Last financial year flight-safety thinking going on in some air working with the UK Civil Aviation Au­ [1992/93], in fact, we achieved a zero forces around the world, perhaps this thority to improve general-aviation aware­ accident rate, the first time anyone can sharing of ideas is the most promising ness of low-flying practices — including remember when that happened. This fi­ single way to safer military flying. CI

US Marine Corps AVSBs at low-level — such flying remains hazardous r

u/

32 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April. 1994 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVIEW INCIDENT-BY-INCIDENT REPORT Mike Gaines lists the known military accidents during 1993

he Flight International annual re­ accidents: Switzerland is, perhaps surpris­ mitter; EOL engine-off landing; FAC forward air view of military-aviation acci­ ingly, a member of this section. control; Fam familiarisation; FOD foreign-object dents reflects the stance taken by damage; FTC flight-test centre; FWO financial For these reasons, the listing is as write-off; G-LOC g-induced loss of consciousness; , the world's air arms on the complete as possible, but cannot be re­ IMC instrument meteorological conditions; IP publication of information. Some are open garded as accounting for every military instructor pilot; JASDF Japan Air Self-Defence about their aviation accidents and publish aircraft accident in 1993. Because of this, Force; JMSDF Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force; freely available and detailed reports on and the widely differing operating prac­ LAPES low-altitude parachute extraction system; losses in training. The reasons for taking tices and environments of different air LL low level; LTE loss of tail rotor effect; MAC mid-air collision; N navy; NOE nap of the earth this approach is partly that taxpayers have arms, it is unwise to attempt to draw any [flight]; NVG night-vision goggles; PAR precision- a right to know, but mainly that publicity statistical conclusions from this data. approach radar; PMTF post-maintenance test is a flight-safety tool. flight; POB persons on board; RTB return to base; Other nations (and individual services Abbreviations: SAM surface-to-air missile; SARSAT search and rescue satellite; SD spatial disorientation; SEL A army; AAA anti-aircraft artillery; AB airbase; of the same nation sometimes differ) will single-engine landing; SENG single engine; TDS ACM air-combat manoeuvring; AP airport; APP publish the date and type of aircraft tail rotor drive shaft; TFW tactical fighter wing; approach; BFM basic fighter manoeuvring; CAF involved in an accident, but no details on T/O take-off; U/C undercarriage; UN United Na­ Canadian Armed Forces; CFIT controlled flight tions; UNPROFOR United Nations Protection the location and cause. into terrain; CG coastguard; Civ civilian-operated; Force; VFR visual flight rules; WSO weapon In the third category are those air forces CNK cause not known; DGA Delegation Generate systems officer; WX weather which refuse to publish anything on pour l'Armement; ELT emergency locator trans­ Date Type Location Service Fatalities Remarks 1993

01 "Helicopter" Nagorny Karabakh Armenia AF ? Shot down by Azeri SAM/AAA 02 Dornier 228-101 India CG ? CNK 03 Su-22 Fitter Huambo, Angola Angola AF 1 Shot down by UNITA SAM/AAA 07 Mi-24 Hind Nargono Karabakh Armenia AF 2 Shot down by Azeris 07 Impala I Bredasdorp, South Africa AF 0 RTB on fire, lost controls on short final 12 "Helicopter" Nagorny Karabakh Armenia AF ? Shot down by Azeri SAM/AAA 14 "Helicopter" Nargorny Karabakh Armenia AF ? Shot down by Azeri SAM/AAA 15 Bell 206L Topusko, Croatia UNPROFOR 1 Crashed, CNK 15 Mi-8 Hip Tkvarcheli, Georgia CIS A ? Shot down, CNK 16 An-24 Coke Kustani, Kazahkstan CIS 0 Hit by civil An-24 after it left runway 17 MiG-23 Flogger Northern Iraq AF ? Shot down by USAF F-16 18 MiG-29 Fulcrum Northern Iraq AF ? Shot down by USAF F-16 18 Cessna 185 Swartkop AB, South Africa AF 0 Landing groundloop, flipped onto its back 18 F-14A Tomcat Gulf of Mexico USN 0 During ACM, crew ejected 21 "Helicopter" Near Jugoslav/Bulgaria border Jugoslav AF 4 CNK 21 EH.101 Italy Military pr'type 4 Rotor brake failure/fire 25 F-14A Tomcat Near NAS Miramar, Californ USN 0 Engine fire, crew ejected 26 AH-64 Apache Ft Chafee, Arizona USA 0 Tail rotor strike in hover, crashed in trees 29 "Helicopter" Nagorny Karabakh Armenia AF ? Shot down by Azeris FEBRUARY 1993

0? MB.326 Nr Tunis, Tunisia AF 2 CNK 01 C-130E Hercules Sarajevo AP CAF 0 Heavy landing from tactical PAR approach 03 AH-64 Apache Ft Bragg, N. Carolina USA 0 Tail rotor strike in hover, crashed in trees 05 Mirage F.1B Reims AB, France AF 0 Pilot ejected after aborted T/0 05 CH-136 Kiowa Nr CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick CAF 0 Lost control in IMC, main disc hit tail which broke off 08 UH-1H Iroquois Argentina A ? CNK 08 UH-1H Iroquois Ft Rucker, Alabama USA 2 Hit ground under high g forces 09 AS.555 Fennec Off Ivory Coast France N ? CNK 09 0H-58A Kiowa Ft rucker Alabama USA 2 Impacted terrain under high g, caught fire 10 AMX Istrana AB, Italy AF 0 U/C collapsed on landing 10 F-16A Falcon Volkel AB, Netherlands AF 0 CNK 13 CH-53D Stallion Baledogle, Somalia USMC ? During NVG external load lift, control lost 15 MB.326 Tunisia AF 2 Crashed into lake at night, CNK

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 33 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVIEW

Date Type Location Service Fatalities Remarks 17 RF-4C Phantom Savannah, Georgia USAF 0 CNK 18 Ce-43 Guepard Bonnoc-la-Cote, France DGA ? In bad WX navigation exercise 18 F-16D Falcon Eielson AFB, Alaska USAF 2 CNK 19 Gazelle Knjaazevac, Babin Zub regi Jugoslav A 4 Crashed in mountains, CFIT? 22 MH-6C Cayuse Huntington, W. Virginia USA 1 Found crashed after ELT activated SARSAT 23 UH-60 Black Hawk Weisbaden, Germany US Army 4 Control lost, crashed on runway and burned out 23 F-16C Falcon Lake Sinclair, Georgia USAF 0 CNK, pilot ejected 25 Mirage F.1CK Kuwait AP, Kuwait AF 0 U/C collaped on landing, pilot ejected 27 Mi-26 Halo Stung Treng, Cambodia CIS AF (UN) 0 Mechanical failure on landing, 14 injured 27 CH-124 Sea King Gulf of Mexico CAF 0 Ditched after dual generator failure at night MARCH 1993

0? F-104 Starfighter Hsinchu AB, Taiwan AF ? Crashed near base, CNK 02 NF-5 Off Silifke, Turkey AF ? CNK 04 Mirage F.1CR Strasbourg AB, France AF 0 Departed runway on landing, pilot ejected 04 F-104 Starfighter 60km S. of Taipei, Taiwan AF 1 Engine failure, pilot ejected but missing 05 Cheetah D Upington AP, South Africa AF 0 U/C failed in hard landing, caught fire, pilot ejected 07 OV-10E Bronco Venezuela AF 0 Crew ejected after engine failures 11 S.211 Batangas, Philippines AF 0 Inadvertent crew ejection, because of bad maintenance on seats 13 UH-1 Iroquois St Paul, Minnesota ANG 5 MAC similar type at LL 13 UH-1 Iroquois St Paul, Minnesota ANG 0 MAC similar type, two injured 14 MiG-31 Foxhound Kamchatka, Russia CIS AF 0 Double flameout, crew ejected 14 CH-135 Twin Huey Belet Huen, Somalia CAF 0 Heavy landing from brownout on TO attempt 15 RF-5A Diayabakir AB, Turkey AF 1 Crashed on runway while landing 15 F-14B Tomcat Off N. Carolina USN 2 Missing at sea on pilot familiarisation flight 15 F-15C Eagle Gulf of Mexico USAF 0 During ACM, CNK, pilot ejected 17 C.160 Transall Evreaux AB, France AF 0 Caught fire when parked 18 Su-22M Fitter Vysoka, Czech Republic AF ? CNK 18 Gazelle HT.2 Predannack airfield, UK RN 0 Lost control in spot turn, hit ground and rolled over 19 Su-27 Flanker Sukhumi, Georgia CIS AF 1 Shot down by SAM, pilot ejected on impact 20 Mi-17 Hip Siem Rep, Cambodia CIS A (UN) 0 Lost tail rotor while landing 21 SH-2F Seasprite Straits of Hormuz USN 3 Missing at night from USS Leftwich 22 CH-53D Stallion Off Hawaii USMC 0 Ditched on PMTF after control was lost 22 A-6E Intruder NAS Fallon, Nevada USN 0 Engine fire on take-off, crew ejected 25 E-2C Hawkeye Ionian Sea USN 5 Hit sea after foul-deck wave-off from Roosevelt 28 MiG Habbinayah AB, Iraq AF 1 CNK, possible MAC of two MiGs 30 Boeing 737-300 Muang Khon Kaen, Thailand AF 6 Engine failure on PMTF, crashed on approach 30 QF-106 Delta Dart Gulf of Mexico USAF 1 Missing at sea, CNK 31 Mirage F.1C Charleville-Mezieres, Fran AF 0 Engine/hydraulic failure, ejected

APRIL 1993

01 AS.202 Bravo Wironangan, Indonesia AF 1 Pilot reported engine failure 03 CH-135 Twin Huey Somalia, desert location CAF 0 Tail boom damaged in hard landing 05 0H-58A Kiowa Ft Rucker, Alabama USA 0 Lost power, rolled over in hard landing 06 SH-60F Seahawk Stratford, Connecticut USN ? On pre-delivery test flight 07 Mirage 50V Turagua, Venezuela AF 0 Multiple birdstrike caused flameout, ejected 07 Wasp HAS.1 Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand N 0 LTE at LL, lost control, hit sea 08 F-16C Falcon Choongwon, S. Korea AF 1 Night mission, AF says fuselage defect 10 0H-58A Kiowa Ft Rucker, Alabama USA 0 Hit ground during descent to land 12 Mirage 2000C Adriatic Sea France AF 0 Operation Deny Flight, CNK, possible engine failure 13 F-14D Tomcat Off California USN 0 Crew ejected after engine failure at night 13 AH-6J Cayuse Ft Campbell, Kentucky USA 0 Lost power in LL turn, main rotor hit ground 13 MiG-21UM Mongol Devesalu AB, Romania AF 2 MAC with single-seat MiG-21 13 MiG-21 Fishbed Devesalu AB, Romania AF 0 MAC with two-seater, pilot ejected 14 SH-2F Seasprite Off Florida USN 0 Ditched after severe rotor vibration

34 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVIEW

J)at eTvpe Location Service Fatalities Remarks 15 A-6E Intruder Spokane, Washington USN 0 MAC with crop-duster, ejected 16 Mi-17 Hip Baghlan area, Afghanistan AF 15 Engine failure and CFIT in bad WX 18 Mi-8 Hip Nogorny Karabakh Armenia AF 12 Shot down by Azeri SAM/AAA 20 A.109B Venezuela A 3 CNK 20 AH-64 Apache Ft Campbell, Kentucky USA 0 Descended aft from OGE hover, hit tail first 21 F-16A Falcon Selfridge ANGB, Michagan USAF 0 Engine failure on take off, ejected 21 A-6E Intruder Alamo, Nevada USN 0 MAC during night rendezvous, landed safely 21 A-6E Intruder Alamo, Nevada USN 2 MAC with similar type during night join up 22 Mirage 2000B Dijon AB, France AF 1 Crashed on runway during aerobatics 22 Mi-8 Hip Ostraya, Russia A 5 Believed CFIT in bad WX 22 F-4F Phantom CFB Goose Bay, Labrador Germany AF 2 Crashed doing aerobatics 23 SH-2F Seasprite Bakersfield, California USN 0 LTE in hover, spun into ground 23 Impala I Bloemfontain, South Africa AF 0 Pilot ejected during uncontrolled flight 26 An-12 Cub Luena, Angola Russia AF (UN) 1 Hit by UNITA SAM, landed, navigator stood on land-mine 27 "Helicopter" Cabinda province, Angola AF 3 Hit trees in bad weather 27 HH-46D Sea Knight Off South Carolina USMC 0 Ditched at night, CNK, 7 POB rescued 27 DHC-5D Buffalo Atlantic off Gabon Zambia AF 30 Engine fire just after TO, lost control 27 PC-6 Turbo Porter Bernese Oberland, Switzerl AF 3 CFIT 27 An-32 Cline Tashqurgan, Afghanistan AF 76 CFIT in bad WX in mountainous terrain 28 F-16C Falcon Nr Osan AB, S. Korea USAF 0 CNK pilot ejected 29 TS-11 Iskra Hakimpet AB, India AF 2 Overturned after aborted TO, caught fire, Polish test pilot 29 F-14A Tomcat Pacific, off Japan USN 0 Departed controlled flight, crew ejected 30 Mi-17 Hip Cuanza Sud, Angola AF 15 Shot down by UNITA MAY 1993

02 Tornado IDS Saudi Arabia AF 2 CNK 04 Alouette III Nr Penang, Malaysia AF 2 En route Butterworth . 04 Chetak Jhansi, India A 1 Night training flight 06 F-104 Starfighter Grosseto AB, Italy AF 1 High-speed aborted T/O, ejected but killed 07 Mi-8 Hip Bhutan India AF 9 In-flight fire 20min after T/O 07 Impala I Hoedspruit, South Africa AF 0 Engine failed after bearing failure, ejected 09 Mi-17 Hip Angola AF ? Shot down by UNITA SAM 12 AV-8B Harrier Yuma, Arizona USMC 0 Ejected after engine flameout and multiple attempts to relight 14 TB.30A Epsilon Quarteira, Portugal AF 2 Hit sea while looping 14 Y-12-II Atalya, Peru AF 0 Overan runway on landing 14 QF-4G Phantom California/Nevada border Tracor 2 Systems flight-test aircraft 18 F-16C Falcon Eielson AFB, Alaska USAF 1 Pilot ejected 18 F-16C Falcon Nellis Ranges, Nevada USAF 0 CNK on Red Flag 19 MiG-21 Fishbed Zrenjanin Jug Fed AF 0 Engine failure, pilot ejected 19 AH-64 Apache Ft Rucker, Alabama USA 1 On ground, with rotors running, rolled by 89kt microburst 19 VH-60N Blackhawk Charles County, Maryland USMC 4 US Presidential transport unit, crashed on PMTF 19 Chipmunk T10 Middle Wallop AAAC, UK A 0 Taxied into another Chipmunk 19 Chipmunk T.10 Middle Wallop AAAC, UK A 1 Hit by second Chipmunk on ground 20 T-2C Buckeye NAS Meridian, Minnesota USN 0 Overrean runway on landing 21 F-18C Hornet Lone Pine, California USN 0 Lost control in ACM, ejected 24 F-18C Hornet On board CV-66, at sea USN 0 Caught fire following arrestment 24 F-16C Falcon Mineral Wells, Texas Lockheed 1 On pre-delivery test flight 27 Hercules C.3 Glen Tilt, Scotland RAF 9 On LL training flight, under investigation 31 OV-10 Bronco Cauyan, Philippines AF 0 Crashed just after take off JUNE 1993

0? Mi-8 Hip Sliac AB, Slovakia AF 0 Crashed on base, 15 injured 01 PC-6B Turbo Porter Pataza, Ecuador A 1 Stall, spin after engine failure at 200ft 03 MG.520 Mindanao, Philippines AF 5 Hit reef, three women on board 04 MiG-21 Fishbed Central Highlands, Congo AF 0 Russian pilot ejected, walked back for five days 04 F-14A Tomcat Pacific off San Diego USN 1 Hit water in ACM, crew ejected, WSO killed ^s***^___ FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 35 MILITARY FLIGHT SAFETY REVIEW

Date Type Locatiori Service Fatalities Remarks 04 Su-22 Fitter Ptila AB, Poland AF 0 Engine failure on take off, ejected 04 J35 Draken Kattegat Straits, Sweden AF 1 Pilot ejected but died on boat after pick-up 06 Merlin III Beauvechain AB, Belgium AF 0 Wheels-up foam landing 07 SF.260MB Goetsenhoven AB, Belgium AF 0 Engine failure on take-off 07 F-16C Falcon Fort Worth, Texas Civ 1 Radar test flight, CNK 10 Alpha Jet Turin, Italy France AF 0 Both engines flamed out when inverted, fuel feed failure 12 F-15A Eagle Nr New Orleans, Louisana USAF 0 CNK 14 TA-4J Skyhawk NAS Kingsville, Texas USN 0 Departed runway and overturned, crew injured 15 MiG-21 Fishbed Polygon, Juoslavia Jug Fed AF 1 CNK, not believed hostile action 15 C-2A Greyhound Elizabeth City AP USN 0 Wheels-up landing during multiple circuits 15 SH-60F Seahawk Off California USN 1 Ditched after double engine failure on PMTF 17 EA-6B Prowler MCAS Cherry Point, N. C. USMC 0 Fire on TO, crew ejected safely 20 T-38A Talon NAS Dallas, Texas USAF 0 CNK 21 PC-6 Turbo Porter Awsard, Sahara UN 3 CNK 22 F-18 Hornet Yuma, Arizona USMC 1 Crashed during ACM, pilot died in hospital 22 C.160 Transall Phnom Penh, Cambodia France AF (UN) 0 Damaged in very heavy landing 23 Tornado GR.1 Farleton, Cumbria RAF 0 LL MAC with Jetranger (2 fatal) landed safely 23 F-16B Falcon Peoria, Illinois USAF 0 MAC with F-16A which landed safely 23 F-16B Falcon Waharday, Belgium AF 0 First Falcon 2000 update delivery flight, CNK 24 PC-6 Turbo Porter Taraira, Colombia AF 3 Hit trees on finals in bad WX 25 TA-4J Skyhawk Gulf of Mexico USN 0 Electrics failure on carrier approach, crew ejected 26 Mirage 2000 Gwalior, India AF 4 Flew into ground during mock attack, three soldiers killed 28 Harrier GR.7 Heckington, Lincolnshire RAF 0 Fuel fire after birdstrike, pilot ejected 29 CM.170 Magister Makoku, Gabon AF 2 CNK on transit flight 30 Mi-8 Hip Mestia, Georgia Russia AF 2+ Shot down by Georgians JULY 1993

01 Hawk T.1 RAF Valley, Wales RAF 0 Misjudged practice turnback, crew ejected 03 Su-25 Frogfoot Sukhumi, Georgia Russia AF 1 Shot down by Georgian AAA/SAM 03 HH-46D Sea Knight Indian Ocean USN 0 Ditched after engine failure 04 Yak-52 Tkvarchely, Georgia Abkhazia AF 1 Shot down by Georgia while on FAC mission 04 Mi-8 Hip Shroma, Georgia Abkhazia AF ? Shot down by Georgian AAA/SAM 04 Su-22 Fitter Pila AB, Poland AF 0 Engine failure/fire on take off, ejected 04 Su-25 Frogfoot Off Eshera, Abkhazia Georgia AF 1 Shot down by SAM 04 Mi-24 Hind Abkhazia Georgia AF ? Shot down by Abkhazian AAA/SAM 04 Mi-8 Hip Tkvarcheli, Georgia Abkhazia AF ? Shot down by Georgian AAA/SAM 05 'Combat Aircraft' Nagorny Karabakh Azerbaijan AF 1 Shot down by SAM 05 Su-25 Frogfoot Sukhumi, Georgia Georgia AF 1 • Shot down by own side's SAM/AAA 06 C.212 Aviocar Umtata, Transkei AF 2 SAAF instructor, training flight 06 Mi-8 Hip Ochamchiri, Abkhazia Georgia AF 23 Shot down by Abkhazian SAM/AAA 06 T-38A Talon Reese AFB, Texas USAF 0 Ejected just after take off 07 Mi-8T Hip Weliszewo, Poland AF 0 Fuel line failure, crash landed 08 II-76 Candid Pskov AP, Russia AF 11 Tail turret ammunition ignited on finals, controls burnt through 09 A-4 PTM Skyhawk Panchin Timur, Malaysia AF 0 Ejected 25km after TO, engine failure 10 PC-7 Turbo Trainer Perlis, Malaysia AF 1 Crashed in rice paddy 14 Su-20R Fitter Wlzesnia, Poland AF 0 Engine failure, pilot ejected 15 F-16C Falcon Off Skiros island, Greece AF 0 Pilot ejected CNK 15 S-2E Tracker Topel AB, Turkey AF 5 Engine failure on take off, one on ground 20 F-14A Tomcat CVN-72, Indian Ocean USN 1 Night ramp strike several aircraft damaged by debris 20 Gazelle AH.1 Salisbury Plain, UK A 0 Tail hit ground, student pilot 21 Sea King HAS.6 Prestwick, Scotland RN 0 TDS sheared in hover, impact sheared sponson 22 C-130E Hercules Camp Wainwright, Alberta CAF 5 Flew into ground on LAPES drop, aircrew error 22 Mi-24 Hind Mardakert, Karabakh Azeri AF 2 Shot down on ground-attack sortie 22 MiG-21 Fishbed Agdam, Karabakh Azeri AF 0 Shot down by AAA/SAM, pilot ejected 23 A-6E Intruder W Virginia USN 2 CFIT on LL training flight 24 MiG-29 Fulcrum RAF Fairford, UK Russia Civ 0 MAC during air display

36 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 ——

Date Type Location Service Fatalities Remarks 24 MiG-29 Fulcrum RAF Fairford UK Russia Civ 0 MAC with similar type at airshow 27 F-16C Falcon Kunsan AB, South Korea USAF 1 Hit by landing F-16 on T/O 27 F-16C Falcon Kunsan AB, South Korea USAF 0 Landed on F-16 taking off, pilot ejected 27 Ranger 2000 Dollnstein, Germany Civ 1 Loss of control 28 0-1 Bird Dog Lapburi, Thailand A 3 Crashed during display flight 28 CH-139 Jetranger Portage la Prairie CAF 0 Hard landing from student auto-rotation 31 CAP.231 Castellet AB, France AF 0 Burnt out after taxiing collision AUGUST 1993

02 F-16C Falcon Off New York Israel AF 0 MAC on delivery flight, landed safely 02 F-16D Falcon Over Atlantic Israel AF 0 MAC, landed safely, USAF pilots 05 F-18C Hornet Fallon ranges, Nevada USN 1 CFIT on night bombing training 08 JAS.39 Gripen Stockholm, Sweden Civ 0 Lost control after software runaway, ejected 08 MiG-21 Fishbed Hudaydah AB, Yemen AF 1 MAC with similar type in circuit 08 MiG-21 Fishbed Hudaydah AB, Yemen AF 1 MAC with similar type in circuit 09 F-16A Falcon Volkel AB, Netherlands AF 0 Ejected on runway on roller landing 10 L-39 Albatros Bishkek Ab, Kyrgzstan AF 2 Crashed in inverted pass attempt 10 F-16C Falcon Nellis ranges, Nevada USAF 1 Red Flag exercise, CNK 10 "Helicopter" Tunceli, Turkey A 3 Hit electricity pole/wires 10 Oryx Louis Trichardt AB, S Africa AF 0 Converting pilot over controlled, rotor hit tail boom 10 AV-8B Harrier II MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina. USMC 1 Crashed on short finals to land 11 F-16C Falcon Adriatic Sea USAF 0 Engine failure, ejected 11 MS.760 Paris Landivisiau AB, France N 0 FWO after heavy landing 12 Lynx Mk.99 Muhak-Ri, South Korea N 9 CFIT en-route in bad WX 12 Wessex HC.2 Lake Padarn, Wales RAF 3 Ditched after tail rotor failure on cadet experience flight 14 AH-6J Cayuse Ft Bragg, N Carolina USA 0 Hit trees in pull up from strafe run 16 UH-1H Iroquois Off California USMC 2 MAC during photo-shoot with AH-1W 16 AH-1W Super Cobra Off California USMC 0 MAC with UH-1, both ditched 19 SA.342M Gazelle Belleville sur Meuse, Fran A 0 Crashed on night flight, crew injured 20 Shenyang F-6 Off Albania AF 1 Crashed in Adriatic off Kavaja 22 Jaguar A Biltine, Chad France AF 1 CFIT on LL training flight 22 CL-215 Ano Rodini, Greece AF 2 Crashed while water bombing fire 23 SF.260 Warrior Clondalkin, Eire AF 0 Forced landing in park after engine failure 23 An-12 Cub Volgograd area, Russia AF 7 Double engine failure, hit trees while landing 23 Mirage III Karachi, Pakistan AF 2 Reported loss of control, at night 24 Yak-52 Lithuania AF 0 Engine failure, overturned on force landing 24 Hughes 500M Denmark A 0 Pitch control fatigue failure, lost control 24 CH-46A Sea Knight Fujairah, UAE USMC 4 CNK, on logistics supply flight •25 T-34A Mentor Cordoba, Argentina N 0 Engine failure, force landed 25 Hughes 500D Reconquista AB, Argentina AF 2 CNK 26 Chipmunk 110 RAF St Athan, UK RAF 1 Hit hangar attempting turn back after T/O 27 AMX North Sea Italy AF 1 On NATO fighter meet in Denmark 27 F-16A Falcon Cape May AP, New Jersey USAF 0 Engine fail on TO, pilot ejected in overrun 28 0-1 Bird Dog Lapuri, Thailand A 0 Crashed during demonstration flight 30 MiG-29UB Fulcrum nr Krasnador, Russia AF 0 In-use engine fire on practice single-engine APP 31 HH-65A Dolphin Off New Jersey USCG 1 Crashed 150ft on approach to oil platform SEPTEMBER 19921

01 Mi-24 Hind Goris, Armenia Azeri AF ? Shot down by Armenian SAM/AAA 01 HH-3E Jolly Green Kadena AB, Japan USAF 1 Bystander hit by rotor debris in taxi accident 04 F-18A Hornet Pearson AP, Toronto CAF 0 Landed with right main U/C jammed up 05 Poss Mi-8 Hip 500km South of Khartoum, Suda AF 8 'Technical fault' reported 07 F-16A Falcon Neochoria, Greece Belgian AF 0 Hit powerlines, ejected 07 AH1-W Super Cobra 29 Palms, California USMC 2 MAC with similar type during NVG operations 07 AH-1W Super Cobra 29 Palms, California USMC 2 MAC similar type on NVG sortie 07 AMX Nr Florence, Italy AF 0 Engine failure, pilot ejected

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 Mil IT/IP1 flfllLI l/ttl

Date Type Location Service Fatalities Remarks 07 Tornado IDS Baltic Sea, off Germany N 2 Flew into sea, possible target fixation suspected 08 A-6E Intruder Off Kuwait USN 0 Lost all contact with CVN-72, ejected 08 A-6E Intruder Persian Gulf off Kuwait USN 0 As above, ejected when out of fuel 08 AH-1W Super Cobra Montgomery Field, Californ USMC 2 Main rotor blades delaminated, detached 09 F-16B Falcon Ismalia, Egypt AF 0 CNK, both ejected, technician in back seat 09 UH-1V Iroquois Ft Bliss, Texas USA 0 Aborted downwind TO, rolled over on impact 09 Gazelle HT.3 Off Monaco RAF 0 Flew into sea in IMC descending turn 10 Buccaneer S.2B RAF Leeming, UK RAF 0 FWO after undercarriage collapsed on landing 10 "Helicopter" Tunceli, Turkey A 3 Wirestrike, three injured also 11 F-16A Falcon Nr Union, Minnessota USAF 0 CNK 12 T-38 Talon Vance AFB, Oklahoma USAF 0 Crashed just after T/O, engine failure 13 F-111C Guyra, Australia AF 2 CFIT on night toss-bomb recovery 13 F-14B Tomcat At sea, Atlantic USN 0 Departed controlled flight in ACM, ejected 14 MiG-21 Fishbed Krajina, Serbia-enclave Croat AF 1 Shot down by SAM-7 14 PD-808TA Venice AP, Italy AF 3 Crashed attempting assymetric landing in bad WX 15 MiG-29 Fulcrum Wittstock, Germany Russia AF 0 Both engines failed, pilot ejected 16 Jaguar E Bar le Due, France AF 0 Both crew ejected, CNK 17 Wessex HC.2 Off Chung Chau, Hong Kong RAF 0 Ditched after engine failure 17 Su-25 Frogfoot Abkazia Russian AF 0 Not shot down, pilot ejected 18 Ch-47C Chinook Formosa province, Argentina AF 0 Hit empty house after engine failure. Presidential Flight 18 SA.342 Gazelle Kosjeric, Serbia Jugoslav AF 3 No hostile action involved 20 UH-1N Iroquois 29 Palms, California USMC 4 CNK, flew into ground on exercise 21 Sea King HAS.6 Predannack airfield, UK RN 0 Lost control in spot turn, impact sheared sponsons 22 UH-1H Iroquois Bamberg, Germany USA 0 Tail rotor failed on approach to land 22 T-37 Grand Junction, Colorado USAF 0 CNK 22 AV-8B Harrier Camp Lejeune, Carolina USMC 0 Hit trees on landing roll-out 22 F-111F Melrose ranges, New Mexico USAF 0 During night attack profile 22 Tu-154 Careless Sukhumi, Abkhazia Georgia AF 90 Hit by SAM(s) on approach 23 Su-25 Frogfoot Sukhumi, Abkhazia Georgia AF ? Shot down by SAM 23 Dornier 228-201 Salima AP, Malawi A 0 Landed wheels-up despite radio warnings 24 Alouette II Zeeland, Denmark Belgian A 0 Crashed from hover 25 UH-60 Blackhawk Mogadishu, Somalia USA 3 Shot down by RPG-7 27 F-16C Falcon Goldwater range, Arizona USAF 0 MAC with similar type, crew ejected 27 F-16C Falcon Goldwater range, Arizona USAF 0 MAC, landed at Gila Bend 28 Alouette III NAS Mehran, Pakistan N 0 Roll over on landing 29 RF-5A Antalya, Turkey AF 8 Just after T/0, seven on ground killed 30 Hawk 11 RAF Chivenor, UK RAF 0 Damaged in heavy landing OCTOBER 1993

0? Hawk T.60 Kwekwe, Zimbabwe AF 0 Crew ejected, CNK 02 Impala I Lanseria AP, South Africa AF 1 Wing came off in airshow, metal fatigue in mainspar 03 UH-60 Blackhawk Mogadishu, Somalia USA ? Shot down 03 UH-60 Blackhawk Mogadishu, Somalia USA ? Shot down 04 Mi-8 Hip Svanetia, Georgia AF 40+ CFIT on refugee evacuation flight 04 UH-60 Blackhawk Mogadishu, Somalia US Army ? Shot down 05 TF-35XD Draken Baltic Sea, off Denmark AF 0 Fuel exhaustion/feed failure, crew ejected 06 F-15DJ Eagle Off Chitose, Sea of Japan JASDF 0 CNK, crew ejected safely 07 UH-1N Iroquois Off California USMC 1 Hit water after night TO for medevac flight from ship 07 C-141B Starlifter Travis AFB, California USAF 0 Caught fire on ramp, total loss 07 F-5E Tiger II Off Kon Samuijhailand AF 1 CNK crashed into sea 08 F-16C Falcon Griffiss AFB, New York USAF 0 Fuel exhaustion, pilot ejected on approach 10 F-5E Tiger II Gulf of Thailand AF 1 Missing en route Surat Thani-Bangkok 13 MB.339CB Rangaunu, New Zealand AF 0 Crew ejected after complete engine failure 13 Cessna 402B Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia AF 2 Crashed just after T/0 14 UH-60L Black Hawk Ft Campbell, Kentucky USA 0 Drifted into trees .while landing in brownout 15 AV-8B Harrier Raleigh, North Carolina USMC 0 Birdstrike caused engine failure, ejected

38 fLIGHT INTERHATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 *^~~

Date Type Location Service Fatalities Remarks 17 PC-7 Abdul Halim AB, Malaysia AF 0 Wheels-up landing after PMTF 19 0H-58C Kiowa Ft Carson, Colorado USA 0 Rolled over during touch down 19 CH-136 Kiowa CFB Wainright, Alberta CAF 0 Badly damaged in forced landing, under investigation 21 Tornado F.3 Barnard Castle, UK RAF 0 Possible fuel leak. Fire, crew ejected 26 CM.175 Zephyr Off southern France N 2 Missing at sea 27 SA.330F Puma Kuwait AF 2 MAC during flypast 27 AS.332L Puma Kuwait AF 1 MAC, one survivor 29 F-18D Hornet Whiting AFB, Texas USN 0 Departed runway after aborted T/0 NOVEMBER 1993

02 Su-22 Fitter Aden, Yemen AF 1 'Mechanical problem' reported 02 AH-64 Apache Brady AP, Texas USA 0 Crashed during T/O just off airport 04 Mi-8 Hip Alkiar, Ural Mountains, Ru AF 3 Believed CFIT on transit flight 04 Alouette II Orielle sur Alpville, Fran CEV 0 CNK 05 F.28 Fellowship Tartagol AP, Argentina AF 0 Landed short, removed starboard U/C on runway lip 06 Sea King HAS.6 Off Islay, Scotland RN 1 Undemanded pitch up from sonar hover, ditched 08 SA.342L Gazelle Benkovac, Serbia Serbia Militia 0 Reported break up in flight, crew injured 08 0H-58C Kiowa Ft Rucker, Alabama USA 0 Power loss in NOE, autorotated into trees 08 F-16C Falcon Nellis ranges, Nevada USAF 1 Red Flag 09 Unknown A/C Boufark AB, Algeria AF 2 CNK 09 F-16A Falcon Laramie, Wyoming Colorado ANG 0 Pilot ejected 12 SF.260TP Nr Manila, Philippines AF 1 Believed engine failure, student bailed out 12 SA.330L Puma Buenos Aires, Argentina A 0 CNK, written off in accident 13 Mi-8 Hip Khulna, Bangladesh N 0 Engine trouble, force landed on road 17 Cessna 185 Durban, South Africa AF 0 Crashed forced landing with engine troubl? 18 Tornado IDS Mt Galero, Italy AF 2 CFIT during LL training 18 F-14A Tomcat Off N. Carolina USN 0 Engine fire, crew ejected 18 Pilatus PC-7 Kedah state, Malaysia AF 0 Force landed, Bangladeshi student 23 Harrier GR.7 Northern Iraq RAF 0 Engine surge/flameout, pilot ejected 23 Mirage F.1AZ Off Cape Town, South Africa AF 1 Pilot ejected on bomb run but drowned, under investigation 27 Nanchang BT-6 Jessore, Bangladesh AF 2 MAC during practice aerobatic display 27 Nanchang BT-6 Jessore, Bangladesh AF 2 MAC during practice aerobatic display 27 Bell 412 Peten district, Guatemala AF 7 Double engine failure reported, but unconfirmed 29 F-16A Falcon Clear Lake, California USAF 1 Apparent CFIT 29 UH-1H Iroqouis Ft Irwin, California USA 0 Brownout on landing, hit hard, rolled over DECEMBER 1993

03 F-16C Falcon Richmond AP, Virginia USAF (ANG) 0 Caught fire on landing, pilot ejected 03 Sea Lynx Heide, Germany N 2 Night SAR wirestrike, sonarman/patient were killed 10 KC-135R Milwaukee AP, Wisconsin USAF (ANG) 6 Exploded during electrical maintenance 13 U-2R Beale AFB, California USAF 1 Crashed just off runway on T/O 15 C-130H Hercules Mt Manase, Philippines AF 27 CFIT in bad weather 16 0H-58C Kiowa Nr Ft Campbell, Kentucky USA 2 CFIT after inadvertently going IMC 17 SF.260TP Mataas AB, Philippines AF 2 Crashed just after TO, CNK 17 F-18A Hornet Off Okinawa, Japan USMC 0 MAC with similar type, ejected 17 F-18A Hornet Off Okinawa, Japan USMC 1 MAC with F-18 on practice intercept 17 F-16A Falcon Off Brunswick, Georgia USAF 1 MAC with F-15 during ACM 17 F-15A Eagle Off Brunswick, Georgia USAF 0 MAC with F-16 during ACM 20 0H-58A Kiowa S. Korea USA 0 Dynamic roll-over during landing 21 F-16B Falcon Leeuwarden AB, Netherlands AF 0 Nosewheel collapsed on landing, crew ejected 21 Su-25 Frogfoot Krasnodar, Russia AF 0 Pilot ejected, CNK 21 Shenyang F-6 Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh AF 1 Flew into sea 21 PC-7 Malange Province, Angola AF 2 Crashed shortly after T/O 28 Mission Master Margosatubig Sea, Philippi AF 0 Ditched, six on board escaped with injuries 28 Merlin III Buenos Aires, Argentina A 0 CNK, believed wheels-up landing 29 Mi-8 Hip Odessa, Ukraine A 7 In-flight fire, crashed trying to land 31 NS-332M Super Puma Sungai Petani, Malaysia AF 4 Tail, main rotor separated, explosion reported

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 39 PEOPLE

LUCAS trical Distribution and Control ices. Knight is now responsible George Simpson, newly ap­ unit, at Plainville, Connecticut. for communications and co­ pointed chief executive of sys­ operation. Miesbach will per­ tems and components supplier BIGGIN HILL form troubleshooting and Lucas, has also been elected to Stuart Carrie is taking up the maintenance as needed. the board. He was due to leave post of airport director at the British Aerospace at the end of UK's Biggin Hill, Kent, airport. WORLD AIRWAYS March, to take over his new He replaces Philip Sugden, Chris Burfield has been ap­ role. Ronald Strobl has been who is to take up a post in pointed director of market de­ named vice-president and gen­ Bermuda for the UK's airports velopment for US charter eral manager of Lucas Aero­ authority, BAA. airline World Airways, of space Geared Systems, at Park Herndon, Virginia. Burfield was City, Utah. David Hammond GULFSTREAM most recently in charge of replaces Stroble as vice-presi­ Thomas Bell, now vice-chair­ group sales for US wholesale Steffen Harpoth dent of operations at Lucas man and chief operating officer travel operator Travel Impres­ Power Equipment, of Aurora, of marketing and communica­ sions and, before that, held FLS AEROSPACE Ohio. tions company Burson- positions with Cayman Air­ Danish industrial group FLS Marsteller, has been elected ways, British Caledonian and Industries has appointed Stef­ PRATT & WHITNEY vice-chairman of the board of Delta Air Lines. fen Harpoth executive chair­ Randall Hogan has been ap­ US manufacturer Gulfstream man of its UK-based mainte­ pointed president and general Aerospace, of Savannah, Geor­ SMITHS INDUSTRIES nance arm FLS Aerospace. manager of US engine manu­ gia. Gulfstream has created an John Legg has been named Harpoth, who will work from facturer Pratt & Whitney's "office of the chairman", in managing director of the Prod­ Copenhagen and the com­ Turbo Power and Marine Sys­ which Bell and Fred Breiden- uct Support division of systems pany's London Stansted head­ tems unit, based in Middle- bach, Gulfstream's president supplier Smiths Industries, of quarters, replaces Birger town, Connecticut. He was and chief operating officer, will London, UK, succeeding Ian Riisager, who is to head the previously general manager of both serve. Newton, who has retired. Nick executive management team marketing and customer serv­ Wilton is appointed managing in Copenhagen. ice for General Electric's Elec- FLIGHTSAFETY director of the Defence Systems The FlightSafety Airline Train­ division at Cheltenham, Glouc- ing Center, in Seattle, Wash­ estireshire, replacing Derek ington, has appointed Harvey Jackson, who has also retired. McCarter as manager. McCar- Legg was most recently vice- ter, a US Air Force Reserve president for advanced pro­ Major General (retired), joins grammes for the Civil Systems FlightSafety after three years division and Wilton was direc­ FWIMTERNATIONA L with Dutch flag-carrier KLM. tor of projects for the Defence Systems division. ADD VALUE AND CREDIBILITY WITH NORTHROP Robert Wulf has been ap­ UNITED AIRLINES pointed vice-president for engi­ John Brien has become sales neering and technology at US manager for Scotland for US Reprints military manufacturer carrier United Airlines, replac­ Northrop, of Los Angeles, Cali­ ing Kirsten Fleming. Brien, who will be based in Glasgow, Multiple copies ol vour Articles and advertisements published m fornia. Wulf, with Northrop tins magazine make ideal promotional material Foi sales since 1963, was most recently was previously divisional man­ literature, exhibition handouts, direct mail, new product vice-president for engineering ager Scotland and North Eng­ launches, distributor promotions. Public Relations ett and B-2 chief engineer. He land for business travel at Hogg Robinson, also in Glasgow. He You i-in add your own artwork and Copy, utilise the front cover succeeds George Friedman, ol this magazine, include your list ol distributors, and/or who has retired. Craig Schaum, has also held positions with soui latest advertisement/s. Reasonably priced reprints can be takes on Wulfs responsibilities British Caledonian and North­ tailor-made to youi own specific requirements or simply in the B-2 division. west Airlines. reprinted in their original form (Minimum order numbei 250) DUNCAN AVIATION SEAPLANE PILOTS For a FREE quotation please telephone Reprint Services Now Ron Grose has been named Jay "J J" Frey nas Deen named on: +44 (81) 652 8229 or fax: +44 (81) 652 3978 technical specialist for Falcon president of the US Seaplane Reprim Services, Reed Business Publishing, Room 1006, and Hawker aircraft at US Pilots Association, of Freder­ Quadrant House, I he Quadrant, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5AS England fixed-base operator Duncan ick, Maryland. Frey, a private Aviation, of Lincoln, Nebraska. pilot, is vice-president of EDO APS320C Grose, who has 15 years expe­ at College Point, New York. rience with the aircraft, has been with Duncan since 1976. RON SAYWELL Duane Knight has been pro­ Ron Saywell died on 1 Febru­ moted to avionics and instru­ ary. He was a founder, 40 years ments co-ordinator and Kevin ago, of UK aviation spare-parts Miesbach becomes team leader supplier R F Saywell, based in in the navigation/communica­ Littlehampton, Sussex. tions are of component serv­

40 FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 LETTERS

management for aircrew and Call for views air-traffic controllers (ATCOs); GPS: putting the WHXTS ON • see how an independent on CHIRP programme should be organi­ record straight Flight International Conference: sed and run, if it is seen still to Datalinking in Civil Aviation — SIR — The chairman of the SIR — Your report on the What Happens Next? 5-6 May, Confidential Human Factors be necessary. General Aviation Manufactur­ Paris France. Contact: The Incident Reporting Programme We are seeking the views of ers and Traders (GAMTA) con­ Conference Desk, First Europe (CHIRP) Liaison Group has all interested parties. Since this ference ("Mixed reports add to Communications; tel: +44 (71) 490 3318; fax: +44 (71) 490 invited the Master of the Guild is such an important subject, GPS muddle", Flight Interna­ 3319. of Air Pilots and Air Naviga­ particularly the aspect of confi­ tional, 2-8 March) misrepre­ tors, Capt Clive Elton, to ad­ dentiality, we wish any individ­ sents the UK Civil Aviation International Hawker Operators1 vise on the reporting of ual aircrew or ATCO who has Authority's global navigation- Conferences 9 April, Saudi Arabia; satellite systems (GNSS) feasi­ 12 April, Nigeria; 19 April South human-factors incidents occur­ constructive thoughts, ideas, or Africa; 12 May, Indonesia; 18 May, ring in the UK. suggestions to write to us at bility programme. Brazil. Contact (USA): Dave Pishko, We have agreed to: the Guild's office. The CAA's National Air Traf­ Vice-President Marketing, Raytheon CAPT C L HODGKINSON fic Services is studying the use Corporate Jets; tel: +1 (501) 372 • assess CHIRP's performance 1501; fax: +1 (501) 371 0403; or against the original objectives; MASTER of GNSS for precision-instru­ (outside USA): Mike Brown, Media • examine the need to con­ The Guild of Air Pilots ment approaches, using the De­ Relations Manager, Raytheon Corpo­ tinue a reporting programme and Air Navigators fence Research Agency's rate jets; tel: +44 (707) 253806; fax: independent of the UK Civil Cobham House aircraft for trials with global- +44 (707) 253807. Aviation Authority, the opera­ 291 Gray's Inn Road positioning-system receivers. 39th Corporate Aviation Safety tors and air-traffic-control London WC1X 8QF, UK The programme involves an Seminar 13-15 April, St Louis, Mis­ assessment of multi-path ef­ souri, USA. Contact: Robert Vandel, fects on different types of re­ Director of Technical Projects, Flight Safety Foundation, 2200 Wilson ceiver in a real operating Blvd, Suite 500, Arlington, Virginia environment. So far, there is no 22201-3306, USA; tel: +1 (703) 522 information about accuracy 8300; fax: +1 (703) 525 6047; telex: and no receiver manufacturers 901176 FSF AGTN. have been invited to assist us Avionics Maintenance Conference - with these flight trials, as you 45 th Annual Open Forum April, implied. Trimble's involvement Marriott City Center, Minneapolis, in the CAA programme has Minnesota, USA. Contact: Larry Car­ penter, Secretary, Avionics Mainte­ been simply to supply a candi­ nance Conference, ARINC, 2551 date system and to assist with Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland its installation on the aircraft. 21401-7465, USA; tel: +1 (410) 266 Flight trials began on 1 March, 4116. so the comments made by Trimble are clearly not based on CAA trials data. Tell us all about It is important to note that, book choices for precision-approach systems SIR — Do you enjoy reading The GE90 engine will have to meet "Chapter 4" noise standards to be certificated for civil use, books as well as magazines? Do accuracy is only one, albeit you have any interesting read­ necessary, parameter. Integrity, ing habits? Do you find that Noise: consider customer views reliability and monitoring capa­ novels featuring the aerospace bility have to be rigorously SIR — I read your article to your article; for instance: world are accurate, or are they demonstrated. The air-traffic- "Absolute power" (Flight • "the NLA must be able to ill-informed? Have you read a control provider also has to International, 23-29 March) operate from current Boeing book that has changed your show that system performance with more than passing inter­ 747 airfields and...must have life? Have you ever tried your can be effectively monitored est. While I noted the concern the same night noise clas­ hand at writing? during operation and that of manufacturers at meeting sification...as the 747"; Whatever you read, if you measures to preserve safe oper­ the current international • "for the NLA to remain in feel passionately about any au­ noise standard, Chapter 3 of ations can be taken, should the thor, book or genre, the BBC service well into the 21st cen­ precision service degrade. Annex 16, I was amazed that tury, it must meet so-called would like to hear from you for they did not reflect the public 'Chapter 4' noise standards — To demonstrate these fea­ a new popular-books pro­ position of their customers. 747 levels minus 3 or 4dB". tures to the satisfaction of both gramme to go out on television In October 1993, the Royal Anyone tempted to play regulators and airlines takes in the autumn. Please write Aeronautical Society spon­ down the importance of noise considerable time and effort, so telling us about your literary sored a symposium on "The in such a project might like to it is not possible to predict loves and hates, to the address new large aircraft" (NLA). peruse carefully the chapter when Category III GNSS serv­ below, or telephone on: +44 Part of this was a presentation on Concorde in the handbook ice will be certificated. (81) 895 6144/6611. given by Capt R J L Action, Aircraft Noise by M J T Smith PAUL THOMAS DAISY GOODWIN British Airways' fleet portfolio of Rolls-Royce. CHIEF SCIENTISTS DIVISION Room 5012, BBC Television manager for corporate strat­ A J ROWLAND National Air Traffic Services Kensington House egy. What he said is relevant Brussels, Belgium Civil Aviation Authority Richmond Way London, UK London W14 0AX, UK The opinions expressed in this page do not necessarily represent those of the Editor. Flight International cannot undertake to publish letters without name and address and reserves the right to select or edit letters.

FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL 6 - 12 April, 1994 41 STRAIGHTS LEVEL

Farnborough has been would cut travelling time to the City by up to one hour, The Place for British aero­ enabling Scots business people nautical research, but that to be in the City by 9am The Beech 1900D carries 90 doesn't mean much to the passengers, and Air Scotland Neddies. intends to begin with three Research flying is now services each way every day from Monday to Friday. all gone to Boscombe Estimated economy return Down. Bedford is to be "disposed of" (Ned- The Scotsman, Ed­ inburgh, 17 January, dyspeak for being turned 1994 into supermarkets, indus­ trial units and domestic the back said Midway, ac­ shoe-boxes), while Farn­ tually, but the Budgie borough will continue as News computer is biased an airfield and as the towards flying boats and home of The Airshow. Rolls-Royce engines, not Hope the odd ghost spits to naval battles. Anyway, in their Airships' pink despite the caption, it was gins as they prance about actually the Franklin D the place in September, Roosevelt...) telling everybody how important it is to have a • The UK parliamentary Vultee Vengeance, Indian Ocean, 1945 thriving aviation indus­ Defence Committee is try, but it's not our re­ concerned about the sponsibility to support it, WORLD AIRLINE badge, he could have it). and VSTOL were devel­ amount of corrosion Old Boy. DIRECTORY Inevitably, people started oped. Farnborough, of caused by "leakage around urinals" in the LATE ADDITIONS calling them silly names course, was where British RAF's Lockheed Hercules United Machinists Air­ like Red-label and Blue- heavier-than-air aviation GREAT PUBLIC fleet, and it expects the lines label, and all they did was started with S F Cody's ADDRESSES OF OUR Ministry "...to learn les­ United Pilots Airlines confuse themselves. first flight, and it had TIME been the site of the Royal sons from this, and to United Flight Attendants No 253 Anybody going to Balloon Factory since ensure that future air­ Airlines "You are kindly invited to craft... do not suffer from Initially to proceed most urgently to level attitude Final touchdown with the same problems." Gate Cinqante-Deux..." • The worst thing about nosewheel clear of runway That's easy, Your Air­ new systems is that peo­ ships. Stop taking nerv­ ple will insist on invent­ • OK, the post-tray has ous novice squaddies on ing new names for them, finally overflowed with parachute exercises, and instead of just describing letters about the "Med- stop flying in low-level them in existing terms. Hold off, Slowly raise the nose to the landing altitude as speed turbulence... decays way" Neptune (S&L, 2-8 All over the Boeing 777 Keep straight after landing February). Three things, project there are people Nephews: it was a Nep­ UK CAA General Aviation Safety Committee Flight talking about "Red-label" tune, not a Marauder or Safety Bulletin, Winter 1993/4 items and "Black-label" anything else; the date items. By the time your Bundaberg in Queens- 1905. For all but a tiny was actually 1949; and it average bloke-with-a-job- land, Australia, to pay fraction of the whole his­ was not the "USS Med- to-do gets to the bottom homage to Bert Hinckler tory of powered flight, way". (The caption on of it, a Red-label thingy is (who was born there) or one built to engineering to buy a very-light Jabilu Vicfeers Viscount, Winnipeg, Canada, 1989 development standard, (which is made there) and a Black-label one is should be aware that they built to production stan­ recently held a local- folk - dard. Saying: "This is a council election there. In development item, and that election, eight of the Sor^i that is a production 11 successful candidates there U be «- item," is obviously too were women, one of simple. whom says: "I can't see Sliaht lech'" Lt W O Bentley RN any problems with the J (who invented the new council's make-up." 6&h Bentley BR.l and BR.2 Quite. rotaries for First World War fighters) had the • By order of Her Maj­ same problems when he esty's Airships, experi­ turned to building motor mental test flying ceased cars. The short four- at Royal Aircraft Estab­ cylinder sporting one lishments (Oh, all right, usually had a red radiator DRA) Bedford and Farn­ badge and the longer borough on 31 March. four-cylinder touring one Bedford might not have usually had a blue one been all that famous, but (although if the customer that's where important wanted a yellow or white things like blind landing

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ROLLS ROYCE DART INTERNATIONAL When did Flight International run that story? ENGINE SPARES Have the answer at your fingertips with a copy of the Flight International Index. Each index covers six months, and we can supply most indices from 1909. We are now probably holding the largest To place your order, please complete the attached form and return it with your payment to: Flight International Indexes, inventory of this type of material available Room L006, Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Sutton, SM2 5AS, UK. to the industry at discount prices. Or fax your order to +44 81 652 8933. Price includes postage and handling, please make cheques payable to Reed Business Publishing. A vast and comprehensive stock Company registered number 151537 including major assemblies and consumable spares plus a vast amount of Yes, I would like to order Q January - June 1992 index - £5 each • July - December - £5 each rotables and associated parts. Please send me index(es) from (year). Q I enclose a cheque / postal order / bank draft / international money order Items fully traceable to manufacturers for£ Please charge my VISA / Mastercard / American Express / Diners Club for and can be supplied with full release. £ valid until Card number •••••••••••••••• Name R.F. Saywell Limited Telephone: Job Title Brookside Avenue 0903 774221 Company Name Industrial Estate Telex: 87469 Address Rustington, Littlehampton Fax: Postcode West Sussex BN16 3LF SAYWELL 0903 782765 Country L Telephone Fax Signature Date iIriIKTrra|Ii Company registered number 151537 Telephone + 44 (81) 661 6373 for your Classified Advertising COURSES & TUITION

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Ask about our money back guarantee prepared to work in remote sites on a rotation basis. Fluency in the Russian and English languages is desirable. Please forward your CV to: Director of Human Resources, c/o Aviation Resource Management, 44 Maybush Drive, Chidham, Chichester, W. Sussex P018 8SS, England. Fax: +44 (0243) 574065. INTERNATIONAL Aircraft change hands fast in our classified pages EUROPEAN SALES MANAGER Unison Industries is the world's leading manufacturer and repairer of aircraft ignition systems Flight International's classified pages are a marketplace for aircraft, large and small, headquartered in the United States. To remain at the forefront of our industry and to ensure our continued success in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, we are seeking a European Sales Manager. new and used, every week. The selected candidate will report to the Director of European Sales, presently based in Germany. rec n Small ads in Flight International work. The magazine is read by those with a serious Qualified individuals will have a thorough knowledge of the aerospace industry and 5 years of |- * applicable sales experience. Fluent English speaking/writing skills and a working knowledge of interest in aviation: people who work with aircraft every day of their working lives. It's European languages (preferably German, French, Italian or Spanish) are also necessary. A degree If the only weekly publication to put aviation news first: news from all over the aviation Electrical Engineering, Electronics, or Business Management would be a definite plus. This position will require extensive travel. world. We have a truly global readership of some 300,000. And when readers want to We are offering a competitive salary and a comprehensive benefits package. For confidents buy or sell, Flight International's classified pages are the natural place to turn to. consideration, forward resume and salary history to: UNISON INDUSTRIES, Representative Office Europe, Von Mezzi Str. 10, D-85661 Forstinning, Germany. We are an equal opportunity employer. UK +44 (81) 661 6373 Singapore (65) 2263188 USA East Coast (212) 867 2080 USA Mid West & Canada (708) 635 9920 UNisON APPOINTMENTS Planning Engineer LICENSED ENGINEERS LONDON GATWICK AIRPORT Our commitment to growth and development at Virgin Atlantic continues and enhancements to our FLS Aerospace Limited is a large third party maintenance fleet in terms of new A340 & B747-400 aircraft has created an even more exciting environment for a company with bases at various locations throughout the UK. dedicated professional. As planning engineer you will effectively co-ordinate and plan maintenance of Virgin Aircraft. Your main Due to the upturn in our market, there are now opportunities at duties will include: ^ensuring that all maintenance carried ovit keeps Stansted Airport for Licensed Engineers, both A & C and E & I the fleet in compliance with Virgin AMS and all mandatory requirements. approved on B727,B747 and B757. ,# producing works programmes to highlight planned maintenance to management both internally and externally using PC packages. We also have a vacancy for a Licensed Aircraft Engineer with a D# liaising with production personnel and technical records to produce work packages, with support minimum of 10 years Aircraft Maintenance industry experience documentation, for Certification on completion of the necessary work. £ reviewing flying schedule and agreeing to work as a Production Planning and Control Manager involved maintenance slots. M auditing of aircraft records and maintenance in capacity planning and master scheduling. forecasts. Self-motivated with plenty of initiative and good Please send Nadia Lawrence a full CV or telephone for further communication skills, you'll need a sound background in the practical aspects of modern heavy jet aircraft information and an application form. maintenance, preferably with CAA Licences and a working knowledge of current air legislation. Previous aircraft maintenance experience is essential. The position carries a highly attractive salary plus a range of benefits which includes concessionary air travel, contributory pension and private health cover II! Wad (after a qualifying period). Given our current rate of expansion, you can also expect to enjoy excellent career ENqiNEERINq prospects. Initially please write, with full I CV. plus salaryy FLS Aerospace Engineering Ltd. details, quoting ref: PE 10, to: Denise Good, Senior Personnel Long Border Road, Stansted Airport, Essex, CM24 8RE Officer, Virgin Atlantic Airways, Tel: (0279) 680068 Fax: (0279) 680047 Ashdown House, High Street. Crawley. West Sussex RHIO 1DQ. Closing dale for applications: ^JatlflTltiP 15th April 1994.

VICE-PRESIDENT US SALES John Tidy, Reed Business Publishing, 3700 Campus Drive, Suite 203, Newport Beach, CA 92660. Tel: (714) 756 1057. Telex: 238327 INTRA UR Fax: (714) 756 2514 INTERNATIONAL FLmwTr SALES DIRECTOR (EAST COAST) Robert Hancock, Sales Director, US East Coast & FLIGHT CLASSIFIED CONTACTS Sheena Robbins, North American Business Development Director, Reed Business Publishing, Suite ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER 204. 1321 Duke St, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA. Tel: Gareth Pask — +44 (81) 652 4814 (703) 836 7444. Fax: (703) 836 7446. FIELD SALES EXECUTIVES SALES DIRECTOR (MID WEST AND CANADA) Mo Buttivant — +44 (81) 770 3032 Gene Glendinning, Reed Business Publishing, Cahners OPERATIONS Judith Slann — +44 (81) 770 3011 Plaza, 1350 East Touhy Avenue. Suite 235W, Des CLASSIFIED SALES EXECUTIVES Plaines, Illinois 60018. Valerie Hall — +44 (81) 770 3010 Tel: (708) 635 9920 Telex: 984819 SOX WIN. Fax: Colin Hampden — +44 (81) 770 3030 (708) 635 0602. Raymond Berry — +44 (81) 770 3027 MANAGER AUSTRALIA, GREECE. REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, Reception — +44 (81) 661 6373 ISRAEL. SOUTH AFRICA. SOUTH AMERICA & UK CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT PRODUCTION Nick Wilcox — +44 (81) 652 3892 Bristol — Competitive Package Howard Mason - +44 (81) 652 3267 CLASSIFIED MARKETPLACE USA AUSTRIA, DENMARK, EASTERN EUROPE. Debbie Kolb — (212) 867 2080 East Coast FINLAND. GERMANY. MIDDLE EAST, Air Bristol is growing. Our route network and fleet plans call Karen FJeamer — (708) 635 9920 Mid West NORWAY. SWEDEN. SWITZERLAND & UK for significant expansion in the next two years. CLASSIFIED ASIA/PACIFIC Robin Gordon — +44 (81) 652 4998 Susan Yeo — (65) 2263188 To meet the challenge of this expansion we need to appoint a NETHERLANDS, PORTUGAL & UK Janice Lowe — +44 (81) 652 3316 high calibre Flight Operations Manager capable of contributing DISPLAY FRANCE. BELGIUM. SPAIN & SWITZERLAND to our development. Pierre Mussard, Reed Business Publishing France, 15 UK bis. rue Ernest Renan. 92130 Issy les Moulineaux, GROUP ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER France. Tel: (33-1) 46294629. Responsible for the Airline's AOC and all CAA compliance, Trevor Parker — +44 (81) 652 3319 Fax: (33-1) 40930337, you will lead and motivate the Pilot Group, as well as DEPUTY ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER ITALY Nick Wilcox — +44 (81) 652 3892 managing the associated functions of this position. This key Romano Ferrario, Etas Periodici SpA. Via Mecenate SENIOR AREA MANAGER 91, 20138 Milano, Italy. Tel: (39-2) 58084 302. Telex: management position calls for an exceptionally well qualified Robin Gordon — +44 (81) 652 4998 331342 ETASPE 1. Fax: (39-2) 40930337. Janice Lowe — +44 (81) 652 3316 JAPAN pilot, preferably BAe 146/A320 type rated, with an impressive SECRETARY Lisa Goold — +44 (81) 652 3315 Shoichi Maruyama, Trademedia Japan Inc. Yamaji record of leadership and operational management. Sanbancho Bldg, 5th Floor, 5-24 Sanbancho, Chiyoda- ADVERTISEMENT PRODUCTION ku, Tokyo 102, Japan. Tel: (81-3) 3234 2161. Fax: Please send your detailed CV, together with a covering letter Howard Mason — +44 (81) 652 3267 (81-3) 3234 1143. Telex: J28208 MEDIAHS outlining your suitability for this post to Brian G Beal, USA SINGAPORE •SAD OFFICE Susan Yeo, Account Manager, Reed Asian Publishing Managing Director, Air Bristol Ltd, Bristol Filton Airport, PO Josie Cordero, Traffic Manager, Reed Business (Pte) Ltd, 10 Anson Road, Hex 32-02 International Publishing. 205 East 42nd Street. New York. NY Box 92, Patchway, Bristol BS12 7YA, or fax to 0272 365249. Plaza, Singapore 0207. '0017 Tel: (212) 867 2080. Telex: 238327. Tel: (65) 2263188. Telex: RS 55355 RAPC. All applications will be treated in the strictest confidence. f": (212) 687 6604 Fax: (65) 2236960 APPOINTMENTS SINGAPORE FLYING COLLEGE A wholly-owned subsidiary of Singapore Airlines invites applications from suitably qualified pilots as INSTRUCTORS on LEARJETS,to be based in Singapore. Minimum requirements are 5000 hours which MUST include at least 500 jet hours and 1000 instructional hours and/or airline training experience.

Candidates who are not type-rated on Lear 31's will be provided with training and can expectto enter into a bonding agreement.

Salary will depend on qualifications and experience. Benefits will include discounted air travel and superannuation. Successful candidates can expectto be seconded to Singapore Airlines who will be operating the aircraft.

Applications should be accompanied by full CVs and addressed to: Mr Stephen Chang c/o Singapore Airlines Limited Flight Crew Training Centre PO Box 501 Airmail Transit Centre Singapore 9181 (SINSTC03-C) Tel: (65) 540-3628 Fax: (65)787-4109

M.P.I. AVIATION LTD require SITUATIONS WANTED A+C & X.Licenced Engineers. A310 approvals required. Experienced Capt. HELICOPTER PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN Overseas contract. German 50 Following a very successful take­ Tel: +44 (0) 952 290862 off, enthusiastic, self funded male ATPL, FAA ATP, 14000 T.T. incl. ENGINEER Fax: +44 (0) 952 290864 UK CAA Licensed Group 7.3, is on reserves and requiring Bac 1-11, FTC 28, F27, HS 748, LR 29 years old, ex Forces, 12 years assistance on short finals to land (Agy) 24-55, DHC6, Var. Piper Cessna experience, very keen, seeks posi­ CPL/IR (A). ATS VULCAN seek to recruit cabin looks for long term worldwide asap. tion Far East/Worldwide. crew for their Aberdeen and Southampton Replies to Box No: A4337 c/o Reply based operation to commence May on Flight International. Tel: +44 (0) 3023 25034 +44 (O) 968 660343 EMBIIO aircraft. Applicants ideally will be bi-lingual. Additionally they require an Operations Assistant, Aberdeen based. Ini­ tially send CVs to ATS Vulcan Ltd., BRITISH WILL PAY TO FLY! HELICOPTER Blackbushe Airport, Camberley, GUI 7 CO-PILOT/MECHANIC 9LQ. FAA/CPL/IR/lnstructor PILOT FAA. Licenses plus A & P. 27, Swedish, CPL (H) Fl. Inst. (H), EXPERIENCED CESSNA 421 PILOT, 3,050 hrs TT inc BAe 125 Saab 1300HTT500H multi A/P, FAA.TR R22, H269, B206, required (0532) 854040 office hours. 340 Current & available. Seeks position worldwide. Mec Ec H269, 369, B206, B205, JETSTAR CAPT. with F.A.A License AS350. needed to operate out of London. Call +44 Tel: Berlin Tel France (33) 99 982556 Seek empl w/wide. (0)71 408 2344 030-7964479 Ask For Didier Tel/Fax:+46-26-160071

POSITION SOUGHT IMTERHATIOHAL British Male 22. IMPORTANT BOX NUMBER Holds Management Diploma. ADVERTISEMENTS Interested in all aspects of IMUK^BiW NOTICE aviation & currently learning to INTERNATIONARespondents to recruitment advertisementL s should note that while Flight International takes Replies should be addressed to the fly, -seeks position that uses every care to ensure the bona fides of advertisers, it cannot take responsibility for the appropriate Box Number, c/o qualifications within aviation. outcome of business transacted between readers and advertisers. Respondents are Flight International, 11th Floor, Available Worldwide. urged to take all reasonable precautions in replying to advertisements and in particular Quadrant House, The Quadrant, Long Term Contracts Considered. before parting with money, and are reminded that in many countries it is illegal for a recruitment agency to demand deposits, enrolment fees or fees in advance from job applicants. Sutton Surrey SM2 5AS Tel: +44 (0)793 825612. Registered at the Post Office as a newspaper. Published by Reed Business Publishing Ltd. Quadrant House. The Quadrant. Sutton. Surrey SM25AS. Tel:+44 (81) 652 3500; and distributed by Quadrant Publishing Sen Quadrant House. The Quadrant, Surrey SM25AS. Tel: +44 (81) 652 3399. Typeset by J J Typographies. Unit 4, Baron Court. Chandlers Way, Temple Farm Industrial Estate, Southend-on-Sea. Essex. Colour reproduction y F.E. Burman Ltd. Crimscott Street. London SE1. Printed in Great Britain by BPC Magazines (Milton Keynes) Ltd. A member of the British Printing Company Ltd. This periodical is sold subject to the following condit namely, that it is not. without the written consent of the publishers first given, lent, re-sold, hired out or in any unauthorised cover by way of trade; or affixed to. or as part of, any publication or advertising, literary or pic i matter whatsoever. Our recruitment pages hand you more job seekers

Might International, with its truly global circulation, puts some 300,000 job-seekers at your disposal every week. Flight International is well known for its recruitment section. It's where the best jobs are found. For the world's aerospace professionals, it's essential reading every week: always the first pages diey turn to. Readers cover a wide range of aerospace specialities, at all levels of seniority. Our readers are aerospace people of quality: die people you want to recruit.

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~JL ffi •4fc For both passengers and airline operators, flying should be effortless. Economical. Natural. Like a bird. One avionics company has spent the last three decades working towards that ideal. With fly-by-wire flight controls and power management systems for maximum efficiency and performance in all phases of flight. With built-in monitoring so that all maintenance is contained within regular scheduled slots. With navigation, sensor and display systems that give the pilot greater navigational accuracy, better all-round situation awareness, collision avoidance warning and visibility in the worst conditions during take-off and landing. With fail-safe cabin water misting systems to improve survivability during emergencies, and advanced passenger telephone systems allowing passengers to keep in touch with business and home. GEC-Marconi Avionics. The most advanced civil aircraft systems company in Europe.

@BS°Mareoiii AVIONICS ONE TEAM • ONE VISION • ONE NAME GEC-Marconi Avionics Ltd., Airport Works, Rochester, Kent, England. UK Tel: (Int) 44 634 844400. GEC-Marconi Avionics Inc. USA Tel: (Int) 1 703 416 0123.