The Need for Military Training on Defence Training Estate South West
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The Need for Military Training on Defence Training Estate South West (DTE SW) 24 August 2007 Lieutenant-Colonel P Norrington-Davies OBE LL.B R WELSH Staff Officer Grade 1 Environmental Protection Headquarters Defence Training Estate Telephone: Civilian: 01985 222837 Military: 94381 2837 Facsímile: Civilian: 01985 222514 Military: 94381 2514 Email: [email protected] Contents Introduction and Background 4 An Outline of Army Training 8 The Training Resource 20 Defence Training Estate South West (DTE SW) 37 Training Demand Defence Training Estate South West (DTE SW) 47 Conclusions 57 Recommendations 61 2 Annexes: Annex A High Level Assumptions Paper (HLAP). Annex B Collective Training (CT) Competence - End States. Annex C Role of the Operational Training and Advisory Group (OPTAG). Annex D Assessment of the Value of Training Over Private Land (TOPL). Annex E Demand for Overseas Exercises (OTX). (Excluded). Annex F Survey of Current and Future Developments in Simulation. Annex G Map of UK Demonstrating Lack of Available Land for New Training Areas. Annex H DTE SW - Description of Individual Training Areas, Ranges and Facilities. Annex I Map Depicting Training Facilities Within DTE SW. Annex J DMTA - Reductions in MoD Land Holdings, Adjustments to Range Boundaries and Live Firing Periods. Annex K DTE SW - Training Facilities Utilisation Summary Reports and Facilities Usage Reports for TY 04 - 05, 05 - 06, 06 - 07. Annex L Analysis of Available and Programmed Live Firing on Oakhampton, Merrivale and Willsworthy Ranges for TY 05 - 06 and 06 - 07. Annex M DTE SW - Breakdown of Usage by Unit TY 05 - 06. Annex N Annual Firing Patterns on Oakhampton, Merrivale and Willsworthy Ranges for the Period 1954 to 2005. Annex O Map of Military Establishments Located in SW England. Annex P Regular and Territorial Army (TA) Units Based in 43 (Wessex) Brigade (43 (Wx) Bde) Area OF Responsibility (AOR). Annex Q Operational Deployments 2003 to 2006 - 3 (UK) Division (3 (UK) Div) Units Based within 43 (Wx) Bde Area. Annex R 1 STAFFORDS - Outline of Training Requirements. Annex S Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Marine (RM) - Assets Based in DTE SW. Annex T 42 Commando RM (42 Cdo) - Outline of Training Requirements. Annex U 3 Commando Brigade (3 Cdo Bde) RM Operational Deployments 2003 - 2007. Annex V Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC) Basic Leadership Training - Programme. 3 1. Introduction and Background Introduction 1.1 Since the inception of the Royal Navy SW England, and in particular the area around Plymouth, has been inextricably linked with the armed forces. This link has led to the development of numerous dockyards, barracks, coastal defences, ranges and training areas throughout the SW which in turn has resulted in the area being steeped in military history and architecture. DTE SW currently own or lease in excess of 16,540ha of land in the SW in order to support military training. As a consequence of military ownership, a lack of urban and agricultural development and the low impact of military training much of this land has been designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) and Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA), it is also contains over 340 Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM). 1.2 The purpose of this paper is to justify the MoD’s land holdings in DTE SW. Approach 1.3 The approach taken in this paper is: • To define the current training demand and possible future demand for training in DTE SW area and in particular on Dartmoor. • To look at the resources that are currently available to meet the identified training requirement, including Training on Private Land (TOPL), Simulation, Training Overseas and the acquisition of additional training land. • To draw conclusions. • To make recommendations. Assumptions 1.4 A number of important assumptions underpin the assessments, conclusions and recommendations of this report, namely: • The implementation of the Future Army Structure (FAS). • The concept of Army Super Garrisons (ASG). 4 • The conclusions of the High Level Assumptions Paper (HLAP). 1 Future Army Structure (FAS) 1.5 The first assumption is that the FAS proposals will be implemented. Following the publication of the Defence White Paper in December 2003, proposals for re- balancing the Army were presented in the FAS. An update on the implementation of these proposals, particularly those regarding the re-structuring of the Infantry, was presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Defence on 16 December 2004. This re-balancing is underpinned by 2 complementary changes: • The move towards a more balanced force organised around two armoured brigades, three mechanised brigades, a light and an air assault brigade, in addition to the Royal Marines Commando Brigade (3 Cdo Bde). • A move towards making the Army more robust and resilient and able to sustain enduring expeditionary operations. 1.6 Specific measures include: • The re-rolling of 4 Brigade (4 Bde) from Armoured to Mechanised. • The re-rolling of 19 Brigade (19 Bde) from Mechanised to Light. • The Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) will reduce by 7 Challenger 2 (CR2) Squadrons. • An additional reconnaissance regiment will be formed providing each of the Armoured and Mechanised Brigades with its own reconnaissance regiment. • Armoured Regiments in Mechanised Brigades will have an interim ‘Light Squadron’ as the first step towards developing a medium armoured capability ahead of the introduction of the Future Rapid Effects System (FRES). • The sixth AS90 Artillery Regiment will be re-roled to Light Gun in order to support 19 Bde. • An additional Regimental Headquarters and Engineer Squadron will be formed to support 3 Cdo Bde. • 101 Logistics Brigade (101 Log Bde) will be based in Aldershot. 1 HQ DTE Higher Level Assumptions Paper dated 25 May 2006. 5 1.7 Changes to the Infantry reflect the move to larger, multi-battalion regiments, which will result in battalions fixed by role and largely by location. Within the framework of the regimental structure, this will be achieved by having regiments of more than one battalion and a reduction in the number of battalions from 40 to 36. This new structure is known as the Future Infantry Structure (FIS). The Director of Infantry’s staff has confirmed that, despite this overall reduction, the number of Infantry Battalions based in the UK is likely to increase. This is partly because the Army Board aspires to having a UK based Army in the medium term and assumes we would need to find basing locations for over 20,000 personnel returning from Germany prior to 20302. Army Super Garrisons (ASG) 1.8 The concept of ASG was introduced in the Strategy of the Army Estate 3 (SAE) to meet the basing and estate challenges of an Army that is likely to be progressively UK based. This was followed by a paper whose purpose was to propose “an Army view of Super Garrisons and their possible locations to meet single Service and Defence estate needs and makes recommendations for subsequent work”4. Force Levels in Germany 1.9 It is the intention of the MoD to reduce force levels in Germany by 20,000 during the next 30 years5. These reductions will involve the move of 4 Mechanised Brigade (4 Mech Bde) back to the UK in the very near future and the possible relocation of Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), 102 Logistic Brigade (102 Log Bde) and 1 Signal Brigade (1 Sig Bde) to the UK over the period 2008 to 2026. These proposed moves will place considerable added demand on UK based Defence training assets. High Level Assumptions Paper (HLAP) 2 Army Board Meeting of 22 November 2001. 3 ECAB/P(03)/20 dated 11 October 2003. 4 ECAB/P(04)/13 dated 21 October 2004. 5 Min AF Statement July 2006 6 1.10 As a pre-cursor to the preparation of this paper HQ DTE produced a HLAP (Annex A). The key conclusions of the HLAP are: • The Armed Forces will be of a broadly similar size and shape until 2050 unless there is a significant change in Foreign Policy. • The training requirement is likely to become more demanding on the training estate as the ranges and capabilities of weapons and equipment increases particularly with the introduction of FRES. • Simulation will enhance but not provide a substitute for live fire tactical training. • The general size and shape of the training estate will not change significantly but it will increasingly need to take account of environmental considerations. 7 2. An Outline of Army Training Introduction 2.1 The purpose of this chapter is to explain, in general terms, how the Army is trained7. There is a requirement for individual training for recruits and for trained soldiers as part of their career development. There is also a need for the collective training of units (Battalions) and formations (Brigades). 2.2 Individual and collective training can be defined as follows: • Individual training is the training of individual soldiers in order to equip them with the skills necessary to survive on the battlefield, these include such skills as weapon handling, fitness, fieldcraft, the exercise of command and control and the maintenance of military standards in a large range of areas including fitness, first aid in battle, map reading and Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) protection procedures. It also includes Mandatory Annual Military Training Tests (MATTS)8 and career development courses and is carried out at recruit training centres, other specialist centres and within soldiers' units. • Collective training is the training of formed (Field Army) units and their component parts, i.e. groups of soldiers, rather than individuals, to undertake their collective tasks. 2.3 The terms “unit' and 'sub-unit' are generic and relate to size, in the infantry the unit is called a battalion which is sub-divided into a number of companies.