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Sustainable Strategies of Small Scale Pepper Processing Industries – a Case Study in Wayanad, Kerala

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Sustainable Strategies of Small Scale Pepper Processing Industries – a Case Study in Wayanad, Kerala International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 348–355, Article ID: IJMET_09_01_037 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=1 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES OF SMALL SCALE PEPPER PROCESSING INDUSTRIES – A CASE STUDY IN WAYANAD, KERALA Vijay K Rajan M.Com 4th Semester, Department of Management and Commerce, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Karnataka, India Dr. S. RanjithKumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Commerce, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy, about 54.6% of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied pepper processing activities. Agriculture contributes 17% towards the nation’s Gross Value Added (GVA). Kerala has the 13th largest economy in India with the GDP of 7.48 lakh crore per annum. Although service industry is the predominant industry in Kerala, agriculture also having equal importance for the development of the state welfare as 12% of the GDP is derived from agriculture and allied activities. Natural rubber, coconut, tea, coffee, cashew and spices including cardamom, vanilla, cinnamon and nutmeg comprises a critical contribution to agricultural sector along with state produces 97% of pepper out of national output of India. District of Idukki and Wayanad are the two major pepper producers in Kerala. Idukki as the leading producer contributes 30,424 tons of pepper production from 43755 hectors. Wayanad contributes 3706 tons from8945 hectors. Even though the climatic conditions and the geographical aspects are quite comfort but the production remains less in Wayanad. The major reason what researcher has found that being a localite of Wayanad, pepper farmers in Wayanad are majorly unorganized and the less support from state Government. At this point the researcher made an attempt to undergo his research work in the topic of “sustainable strategies of small scale pepper processing industries– a case study in wayanad ,kerala”. Keywords: Agriculture, Gross value added, GDP, Sustainable development, processing industry. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 348 [email protected] Vijay K Rajan and Dr. S. RanjithKumar Cite this Article: Vijay K Rajan and Dr. S. RanjithKumar, Sustainable Strategies of Small Scale Pepper Processing Industries – A Case Study in Wayanad, Kerala, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018. pp. 348-355. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJMET?Volume=9&Issue=1 1. INTRODUCTION India is the second largest agricultural country in the world. Agriculture and allied sectors contributed 13.7% of the total GDP of the country in 2013. The contribution from agriculture is steadily declining year by year according to the surveys are conducted but still India exports $38 billion worth agricultural products to the various parts of the world. Pepper A.K.A Black nigrum is considered as king of spices and one of the main agricultural crop which is cultivated in south India. Karnataka and Kerala are the leading pepper producers in India Kerala is the 13th largest economy in India and agriculture plays vital role in the development of the economy. Rubber, coconut, pepper, cardamom, coffee etc. are the main agricultural crops which are cultivated in Kerala. Kerala contributes 30424 tons of pepper production from 43755 hectors of land. Idukki and Wayanad are the main pepper producing districts in kerala. In the total pepper production of Kerala, district of Wayanad contributes 3706 tons of production from 8945 hectors. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Even though the climatic conditions and geographic aspects are quite comfort but the production of pepper remains low in Wayanad. The lack of support from state government, Panchayath, lack of knowledge of farmers about the modern ways of pepper cultivation, fluctuations in the price of pepper in the market, less export facilities, un organized small scale farmers, un precedent diseases in pepper plants, etc. are the main factors which are pulling back Wayanad from achieving the maximum production from its potential. The economy of Wayanad is completely depends upon agriculture, so the lack of income from the agricultural activities directly affecting the economic Growth of Wayanad and it becomes one of the main reasons for indebtedness and increasing rate of farmer suicides there. In order to recommend the necessary solutions to overcome the above said issues, the researcher made an attempt to undergo this research by his empirical analysis. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To find out the effective strategies of optimum pepper production in Wayanad. To identify and sustain the best processing activities of small scale pepper farmers in Wayanad. 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Study area: Wayanad district of Kerala State is considered as the universe of the study. Sample size: The sample size of 30 small scale pepper industries were considered for the study Sampling technique: Convenient random sampling Data collection: secondary data collected through structured interview schedules. Statistical tools used: Percentage analysis, Weighted average ranking. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 349 [email protected] Sustainable Strategies of Small Scale Pepper Processing Industries – A Case Study in wayanad, Kerala REVIEW OF LITERATURE Spices Board of India: Pepper A.K.A Piper nigrum is known as the King of spices .The plant requires a long rainy season and fairly high temperature and partial shades are needed for the best growth. Pepper begin bearing 2 to 5 years and may produce as long as 40 years. The berries are plucked when they begin turn red. Dr.Dhanya (Different varieties of pepper and its cultivation in wayanad district, kerala) 4/7/2010: The two major grades of pepper is black pepper and white pepper.pepper oil also excellent and used for various preparations. wayanad pepper has got place of pride in international market because of its unique quality. Mr. Nirmal Babu (Vietnam Model spice cultivation, The Hindu, 23/7/2012 : As Wayanad is having the second place in terms of pepper production in Kerala, but the production remains low comparing to its potential. Farmers in Wayanad are following the traditional method of pepper farming and they are not familiar with the modern methods. Mr. Vipin Paulose: ( Wayanad pepper farmers hope for a boost with a little help from Vietnam,Times of India, 8/2/2011: The pepper heart land Wayanad in kerala is expecting a surge in its pepper productivity through a special model which is commonly followed by farmers in Vietnam. Mr. Ayoob Thottathil. (Vietnam model spice cultivation,Times of India.12/1/2011)Vietnam model pepper cultivation is very effective and the productivity is higher and disease is less comparing to the traditional methods. Mr. Jacob john, Smt.S Sharada, Seasonal variation and disease, pest incidence in plantation crops,wayanad.17/5/2010 : Foot rot, yellow mottle, fungal pollu, were the three major diseases noticed in all seasons, during monsoon season the chances of fungal issues are more. N.S. Sajith. Domestic and international price of pepper, karshakasree, 28/7/2014 : Domestic and international price of pepper varies because of demand variation in overseas market, competition from another countries, domestic demand, quality issues. Sneha Sabu(Price volatility of pepper and its impacts in Kerala,13/11/16) Annual average price of pepper in kochi market increased frequently from 2005 and reached 750 in august 2014 then subsequently decreased to 610 ruppes in May and the present price is rupees 420. Mr. Francis P.A. Karshakasree, Malayala Manorama,21/4/2014 : Spices board is introducing many schemes to boost pepper cultivation and production in wayanad, even though the policies are very effective it is not at all reaching to all the farmers. Jacob D Vadakkayil (Case study of INFAM in Wayand .3/12/2014) : farmers in wayanad are not having efficient storage facilities to store their products since moisture content is high in wayanad. Mr. M.I Shanavas ( Respected MP OF Parliament from wayanad) The Hindu, 27 october 2016 : For the purpose of rejuvenation of pepper cultivation and for the purpose of promoting the small and medium scale pepper processing units, government is on the way to make new policies and programs through krishibhavans in Wayanad. Mr. Alex Mathew : (Deputy Director of agriculture, Wayanad) ,Karshakasree, 12 december 2015 : Even though there are many small scale pepper processing units, the output and production level is very low, they are in lack of new pepper curing technologies and machineries. So the kerala government has to invest in providing efficient training and development to the Small scale pepper processing units. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMET 350 [email protected] Vijay K Rajan and Dr. S. RanjithKumar Mr. Thulasidharan Pillai: (Chairman, Jilla Bank Wayanad ) Annual seminar report,2015 : The Jilla Bank of Wayanad is willing to provide subsidized loan facilities to new start-ups and existing agriculture and allied units for their development. Mr. MP Veerendra Kumar. The Hindu, 2 May 2015, The spices Board of India has in principle of giving approval to starting up of new Organic pepper processing plant in Malabar and it can play crucial role in providing training and development programs, curing of organic pepper, trading of both black pepper and white pepper and also the byproducts. 3. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The researcher has identified 10 factors that motivate the small pepper farmers for processing commodities through organized markets and they are given the chance to rank the factors according to their problems. They are as follows: lack of awareness about the varieties of pepper, lack of awareness programs from government authorities, lack of training programs, lack of new varieties of pepper, insufficient warehousing facilities, lack of geographical market place, discriminate price, threatening diseases, improper rainfall and labour problems.
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