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Spices and Condiments See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265844733 Spices and Condiments Book · January 2008 CITATIONS READS 0 40,789 3 authors, including: Parthasarathy Va K. KANDIANNAN Bioversity International (CGIAR) ICAR - Indian Institute of Spices Research 115 PUBLICATIONS 775 CITATIONS 86 PUBLICATIONS 323 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: nutrient budgetting for spices View project Cropping system with spices View project All content following this page was uploaded by K. KANDIANNAN on 23 September 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. HORTICULTURE VEGETABLE SCIENCE (Vegetables, Tubers & Spice Crops) Spices and Condiments V.A.Parthasarathy and K.Kandiannan Indian Institute of Spices Research (ICAR) Calicut-673 012 (21.9.2007) CONTENTS Introduction Export of Spices Area and Production of Spices Organizations Black Pepper Cardamom Ginger Turmeric Clove Nutmeg Cinnamon Allspice Curry Leaf Seed Spices Coriander Fenugreek Fennel Cumin Dill Celery Saffron Vanilla Rosemary Appendix Introduction India is ‘The Land of Spices’ and the glory of Indian spices is known throughout the world. Satndard ISO 676: 1995 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines spices and condiments as “vegetable products or mixtures thereof free from extraneous matter, used for flavouring, seasoning and imparting aroma in foods”. The term “applies equally to the product in the whole form or in the ground form”. It includes 109 spices and the list of such spices given in the Table 1.1. The list of spices differes from country to country. According to American Spices Trade Association (ASTA) list, there are 41 items. Spices Board of India has 52 spices under it’s list. According to Bureau of Indian Standards, there are 63 items under spices / condiments. Spices have been so valued primarily for their ability to make food taste better and sometimes for a perceived ability to make people feel better and fight disease. Spices are even more important today as around globe there is a clamour for tastier and’spicier’ foods. Spices or their extracts are also used in medicine, pharmaceutical, perfumery, cosmetics and several other industries. Their functional properties as antioxidants, preservatives, anti-microbial, antibiotic and medicinal have been well recoganised and made use of. Spices have also characteristic, often very attractive colours, which are an important part of their appeal to be used as natural colours in the foodstuffs. The concept of flavour in spices comprises a range of olfactory and tastes perceptions. The constituents responsible for these sensations are the volatile / essential oil and resinous compounds, which are a wide range of different natural organic chemicals and which generally have little or no nutritional value. These are also widely used for making ‘herbal’ teas and other medicinal applications. Table 1.1: List of spices as per ISO 676: 1995 No. Botanical Name of the Plant Family Common Name of the Name of the Part Spice in English of the Plant Used as Spice 1 Acorus calamus L Araceae Sweet flag, myrtie flag Rhizome Calamus, flag root 2 Aframomum angustifolium Zingiberaceae Madagascarc cardamom Fruit, seed (sonn.) Schumann 3 Aframomum hanburyi Zingiberaceae Cameroon cardamom Fruit, seed Schumann 4 Aframomum korarima Zingiberaceae Korarima cardamom Fruit, seed (Peroira) Engl. 5 Aframomum melegueta Zingiberaceae Grain of paradise, Guinea Fruit, seed (Roscoe) Schumann grains 6 Allium ascalonicum L Liliaceae Shallot Bulb (Alliaceae) 7* Allium cepa L Liliaceae Onion Bulb (Alliaceae) 8 Allium cepa var. aggregatum Liliaceae Potato onion Bulb (Alliaceae) 9* Allium tuberosum Rottler Liliaceae Indian leek, Chinese chive Bulb, leaf ex. Sprengel (Alliaceae) 10* Allium fistulosum L Liliaceae Stony leek, Welsh onion, Leaf and bulb (Alliaceae) Japanese bunching onion No. Botanical Name of the Plant Family Common Name of the Name of the Part Spice in English of the Plant Used as Spice 11 Allium porrum L Liliaceae Leek, winter leek Leaf and bulb (Alliaceae) 12* Allium sativum Liliaceae (Alliaceae) Garlic Bulb 13* Allium schoenoprasum L Liliaceae Chive Leaf (Alliaceae) 14 Alpinia galanga (L) wild Zingiberaceae Greater galangal longwas, Rhizome Siamese ginger 15 Alpinia officinarum Hance Zigiberaceae Lesser galangal Rhizome 16 Amomum aromaticum Roxb. Zingiberaceae Bengal cardamom Fruit, seed 17 Amomum kepulaga Zingiberaceae Round cardamom, Chester Fruit, seed Sprague et Burk. cardamom, Siamese Syn .Amomum campactum cardamom, Indonesian Sol. ex. Maton cardamom 18 Amomum krevanh Pierre Zingiberaceae Cambodian cardamom Fruit, seed Ex. Gagnepain 19 Amomum subulatum Roxb. Zingiberaceae Greater Indian cardamom, Fruit, seed Large cardamom, Nepalese cardamom 20 Amomum tsao-ko Crevost Zingiberaceae Tsao-ko cardamom Fruit, seed Et Lemaire 21* Anethum graveolens L Apiaceae Dill Fruit, leaf, top (Umbelliferae) 22 Anethum sowa Kurz Apiaceae Indian dill Fruit (Umbelliferae) 23 Angelica archangelica L Apiaceae Garden angelica Fruit, petiole, root (Umbelliferae) 24 Anthriscuscereifolium (l.) Apiaceae Chervil Leaf Hoffm (Umbelliferae) 25 Apium graveolens L. var Apiaceae Celery, garden celery Fruit, root, leaf dulce (Miller) Pers. (Umbelliferae) 26 Apium graveolens L. var. Apiaceae Celeriac Fruit, root, leaf rapaceum (Miller) Gaudich (Umbelliferae) 27* Armoracia rusticana P. Brassicaceae Horseradish Root Gaertn.B. Meyer et Scherb. (Cruciferae) 28* Artemisia dracunculus L Asteraceae Tarragon, estragon Leaf (Compositae) 29* Averrhoa bilimbi L Averrhoaceae Belimbing, bilimbi Fruit (Oxalidaceae) cucumber tree 30* Averrhoa carambola L Averrhoaceae Carambola, caramba Fruit (Oxalidaceae) 31* Brassica juncea (L) Czernj.et Brassicaceae Indian mustard Seed Cosson (Cruciferae) 32* Brassica nigra (l) Koch Brassicaceae Black mustard Seed (Cruciferae) 33 Bunium persicum (Boiss) Apiaceae Black caraway Seed, tuber B.Fedtsch (Umbelliferae) 34 Capparis spinosa L Capparidaceae Caper, common caper, caper Floral bud bush 35 Capsicum annum L 1) Solanaceae Capsicum, chillies, paprika Fruit 36 Capsicum frutescens L 1) Solanaceae Chiilies, Bird eye chilli Fruit 37 Carum bulbocastanum L Apiaceae Black caraway Fruit, Bulb (Umbelliferae) No. Botanical Name of the Plant Family Common Name of the Name of the Part Spice in English of the Plant Used as Spice 38* Crum carvi L Apiaceae Craway, blond caraway Fruit (Umbelliferae 39 Cinnamomum aromaticum Lauraceae Cassia, Chinese cassia Bark Nees. Syn. Cinnamomum cassia Nees ex. Blume 40* Cinnamomum burmanii Lauraceae Indonesian cassia Bark (Nees et T. Nees) Blume 41* Cinnamomum loureirii Nees Lauraceae Vietnamese cassia Bark 42 Cinnamomum tamala Nees Lauraceae Tejpat, Indian cassia Bark 43* Cinnamomum zeylanicum Lauraceae Sri Lankan cinnamon, Bark Blume Indian cinnamon 44* Coriandrum sativum L Apiaceae Coriander Leaf, Fruit (Umbelliferae) 45* Crocus sativus L Iridaceae Saffron Stigma 46* Cuminum cyminum L Apiaceae Cumin Fruit (Umbelliferae) 47* Curcuma longa L Zingiberaceae turmeric Rhizome, leaf 48* Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Poaceae (Gramineae) West Indian lemon grass Leaf Stapl. 49 Cymbopogon nardus L. Poaceae (Gramineae) Sri Lankan citronella Leaf Randle 50 Elettaria cardamomum (L) Zingiberaceae Small cardamom Fruit, seed Maton var.minucula. Burk 51 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Zingiberaceae Sri Lankan cardamom Fruit, seed Maton var. major. Thwaites 52.1 Ferula assa-foetida L Apiaceae Asafoetida Rhizome exudate 52.2 Ferula foetida Regel (Umbelliferae) 52.3 Ferula narthex Boiss 53 Foeniculum vulgare Miller Apiaceae Bitter fennel Leaf, twig, fruit ssp.capillaceum Miller (Umbelliferae) var. vulgare 54 Foeniculum vulgare Miller Apiaceae Sweet fennel Leaf, twig, fruit ssp.capillaceum Miller (Umbelliferae) var. dulce 55 Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Clusiaceae Garcinia, Camboge Pericarp of the Desr. (Guttiferae) fruit 56 Garcinia indica (Thouars) Clusiaceae Garcinia , Kokum Pericarp of the choisy (Guttiferae) fruit 57* Hyssopus officinalis L Lamiaceae Hyssop Leaf (Labiatae) 58 Illicumverum Hook. f Illiaceae Star anise, chinese anise Fruit 59 Juniperus communis L Cupressaceae Common juniper Fruit 60 Kaempferia galanga L Zingiberaceae Galangal Rhizome 61* Laurus nobilis L Lauraceae Laurel, true laurel, bay leaf, Leaf sweet flag 62* Levisticum officinale Koch Apiaceae Garden lovage, lovage Fruit, leaf (Umbelliferae) 63.1 Lippia graveolens Kunth Verbanaceae Mexican oregano Leaf, terminal 63.2 Lippia berlandieri Schauer shoot 64* Mangifera indica L Anacardiaceae Mango Immature fruit (Rind) No. Botanical Name of the Plant Family Common Name of the Name of the Part Spice in English of the Plant Used as Spice 65* Melissa officinalis L Lamiaceae Balm, lemon balm, melissa Leaf, terminal (Labiatae) shoot 66* Mentha arvensis L Lamiaceae Japanese mint, field mint, Leaf, terminal (Labiatae) corn mint shoot 67 Mentha citrata L Lamiaceae Bergamol Leaf, terminal (Labiatae) shoot 68* Mentha x piperita L Lamiaceae Pepper mint Leaf, terminal (Labiatae) shoot 69* Mentha spicata L Lamiaceae Spear mint, garden mint Leaf, terminal (Labiatae) shoot 70 Murraya koenigii (L) Rutaceae Curry leaf Leaf Sprengel 71 Myristica argentea Warb Myristicaceae Papuan nutmeg Kernel Papuan mace Aril 72* Myristica fragrans Houtt Myristicaceae Indonesian type nutmeg Kernel Siauw type nutmeg Indonesian type mace Aril Siauw type mace 73 Nigella damascena L Ranunculaceae Damas black cumin, love in Seed a mist
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