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Biannual Laboratory History 5Th Grade Elementary BIANNUAL LABORATORY HISTORY 5TH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL YEAR 2019 - 2020 TEACHER: Gabriella Mata NAME: ______________________________________________________ DATE:______________________ EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION I. READING COMPREHENSION Treasures of Tutankhamen Tutankhamen ruled Egypt for only nine years and died at the age of 18. The “boy king” was buried in a solid-gold coffin, and his tomb was filled with gold and jewelry. The tomb of Tutankhamen lay hidden in Egypt’s Valley of the Kings for more than 3,300 years. In November 1922, Howard Carter, an expert in the study of ancient Egypt, discovered it. Today the golden coffin still contains the young pharaoh’s remains, hidden from view inside two other coffins. The Egyptian Museum in Cairo displays many of Tutankhamen’s treasures to show Egypt’s great wealth during the height of its civilization. 1. Answer the following questions. 1. What is this text about? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who was King Tutankhamen? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What was Tutankhamen’s coffin made of? __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Where are King Tut’s treasures displayed? __________________________________________________________________________ II. STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT EGYPT Ancient Egypt was one of the oldest and longest lasting world civilizations. It was located along the Nile River in the northeast part of Africa and lasted for over three thousand years. 1. Dynasties: The first is by using the different dynasties that ruled Egypt. These are the families that had power and passed the leadership of Pharaoh down from one family member to another. Counting the Ptolemaic Dynasty set up by the Greeks, there were over 30 dynasties that ruled Ancient Egypt. This sounds like a lot at first, but remember this was over the course of 3000 years. 2. Kingdoms and Periods: There are also three primary kingdoms that historians use to define periods of Ancient Egypt. After each kingdom there is an "intermediate" period. The three kingdoms were the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. 1. EECU questions. 1. What is a dynasty? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. How many dynasties were there in Ancient Egypt? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Make a timeline of the structure of Ancient Egypt. II. OLD KINGDOM The "Old Kingdom" lasted from 2575 BC to 2150 BC. Over these 400 years, Egypt had a strong central government and a prosperous economy. It is most famous as a time when many pyramids were built. It was also called “Age of Pyramids”. What dynasties were during the Old Kingdom? The Old Kingdom had four major dynasties from the Third Dynasty to the Sixth Dynasty. The period reached its peak during the Fourth Dynasty when powerful pharaohs ruled. Government The land of Egypt was divided up into "nomes" (states). Each nome had a governor (called a "nomarch") that reported to the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the head of both the government and the state religion, and was considered a god. Below the pharaoh was the vizier who ran many of the daily tasks of the government. Only the most powerful families gained an education and were taught to read and write. These people became the high- ranking government officials, priests, army generals, and scribes. Pyramids The Old Kingdom period is most famous for building pyramids. This includes the Great Pyramid at Giza. The Fourth Dynasty built the Giza complex including several large pyramids and the Great Sphinx. Fall of the Old Kingdom The central government began to weaken during the Sixth Dynasty. The governors became very powerful and began to ignore the rule of the pharaoh. At the same time, the country suffered from drought and famine. Eventually the central government collapsed and Egypt broke up into several independent states. 1. EECU questions. 1. When did the Old Kingdom begin? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was another name that some called the Old Kingdom? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What happened to the rich people that were educated? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. In a pyramid draw the social structure. 3. Mention at least five things Pharaohs got buried with. - - - - - III. MIDDLE KINGDOM The "Middle Kingdom" lasted from 1975 BC to 1640 BC. During this time all of Egypt was united under a single government and Pharaoh. What dynasties ruled Egypt during the Middle Kingdom? The Middle Kingdom period was ruled by the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Dynasties. Rise of the Middle Kingdom The Tenth Dynasty ruled northern Egypt, while the Eleventh Dynasty ruled the south. Around 2000 BC, a powerful leader became king of southern Egypt. He launched an attack on the north and eventually reunited Egypt under one rule. Peak of the Middle Kingdom The Middle Kingdom reached its peak under the rule of the Twelfth Dynasty. The pharaohs of the time built a powerful standing army that protected the country from outside invaders and maintained control of the government. Art Writing and literature developed, writing was used for entertainment including writing stories and recording religious philosophy. Fall of the Middle Kingdom It was during the Thirteenth Dynasty that the pharaoh's control of Egypt began to weaken. Eventually, a group of kings in northern Egypt, called the Fourteenth Dynasty, split from southern Egypt. As the country fell into disarray and collapsed. Second Intermediate Period The Second Intermediate Period is most famous for the rule of foreign invaders called the Hyksos. The Hyksos ruled northern Egypt until around 1550 BC. 1. EECU questions. 1. What dynasties ruled Egypt during The Middle Kingdom? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who took over the rule at the end of The Middle Kingdom? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who were the Hyksos? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Make a list of the Middle Kingdoms’ major achievements. - - - - - IV. NEW KINGDOM The "New Kingdom" lasted from around 1520 BC to 1075 BC. The New Kingdom was the golden age of the civilization, it was a time of wealth, prosperity, and power. What dynasties ruled during the New Kingdom? The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties ruled during the New Kingdom. They included some of the most famous and powerful of all the Egyptian pharaohs. Rise of the New Kingdom Before the New Kingdom was a time called the Second Intermediate Period. During this time, a foreign people called the Hyksos ruled northern Egypt. Around 1540 BC, a ten-year-old named Ahmose I became king of Lower Egypt, he became a great leader, defeated the Hyksos and united all of Egypt under one rule. Egyptian Empire It was during this period that the Egyptian Empire conquered the most lands. Pharaohs launched wide ranging expeditions taking over lands to the south and lands to the east. At the same time, Egypt expanded trade with many external nations and kings. They used gold mines to gain great wealth and to import luxury goods from around the world. Temples The pharaohs used their wealth to build massive temples to the gods. Pharaohs also built monumental Mortuary Temples to honor themselves as gods. Valley of the Kings The New Kingdom pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings for 500 years. The most famous tomb in the Valley of the Kings is the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, it was filled with treasure, art, and King Tut's mummy. Fall of the New Kingdom It was during the reign of Ramesses III that the powerful Egyptian Empire began to weaken. Ramesses III had to fight many battles, these wars, combined with severe drought and famine, caused unrest throughout Egypt. In the years after Ramesses III died, internal corruption and infighting in the central government became worse. The last pharaoh of the New Kingdom was Ramesses XI. After his reign, Egypt was no longer united. 1. EECU questions. 1. In what period of time was the New Kingdom from? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did the New Kingdom fall? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does drought mean? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the sentences with the correct word from the word bank. -God -Nile River -vizier -high priests -officers -pharaoh -relative 1. Another name for the king was _________________. 2. In each Egyptian town, there were royal _______________ that made sure people obeyed the Pharaoh and paid their taxes. 3. The Pharaoh was the _______________ of every temple. 4. The Pharaoh’s ______________ was the most important official. 5. Most Egyptians worked in fields along the banks of the _________________________. 6. The Pharaoh was considered a _____________ and therefore no one wanted to upset him. 7. When a Pharaoh died, he was usually succeeded by a son or other ___________________. GREAT JOB!!! .
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