DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors Influencing Icp, Scp and Energy Efficiency of Fuel Briquettes from Wood Processing Waste from Moramanga District, Alaotra Mangoro Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Factors Influencing Icp, Scp and Energy Efficiency of Fuel Briquettes from Wood Processing Waste from Moramanga District, Alaotra Mangoro Region Vol-6 Issue-1 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 FACTORS INFLUENCING ICP, SCP AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FUEL BRIQUETTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING WASTE FROM MORAMANGA DISTRICT, ALAOTRA MANGORO REGION. I. AZIZ 1, J. L. RASOANAIVO 2, L.LEHIMENA3, A.O.RAVONINJATOVO 4, L. ANDRIANAIVO5, A.A. RATIARISON6 1 Senior lecturer, Physical chemistry Mention, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar 2Senior research scientist, Unité de Recherches : Biocarburant (bioéthanol, biodiesel), Energy Department, Centre National de Recherches Industrielle et Technologique (CNRIT) Madagascar 3 Senior lecturer, Plant physiology Mention, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment University of Mahajanga Madagascar 4 Professor, Associate Research Director, Biomass Energy, Energy Department, National Centre for Industrial and Technological Research (CNRIT) Madagascar 5 Full Professor, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, University of Antananarivo Madagascar 6 Full Professor, Dynamics of Atmosphere, Climate and Oceans Laboratory (DyACO), Physics and Applications, Sciences and Technologies, University of Antananarivo Madagascar ABSTRACT The Moramanga district has long been known for its wealth of forest resources on the one hand and the existence of the state-owned company FANALAMANGA and several free zone enterprises working in the field of forest exploitation and export on the other. These companies generate a lot of wood processing waste every day: planing shavings, sawdust ... etc. which are left in the open air through the open spaces in the district's chief town. The purpose of this work is on the one hand to valorise these forest wastes for energy purposes by producing combustible briquettes based on planing shavings and sawdust and on the other hand to determine the Lower Calorific Value (LCV) and the Higher Calorific Value (HCV) of these combustible briquettes. The aim of this work is therefore to have an alternative fuel capable of substituting wood energy. Two important parameters were studied: the binder and the fine materials, varying their respective contents. The result of this research work showed that there is a correlation between the binder content and that of the fine materials used. The briquette based on planing chips with 5% binder is the most efficient as it has a high Lower Calorific Value (LCV: 6897.66 kcal/kg, a power of 745.7 W, an efficiency of 39.5% compared to wood energy and other fuel briquettes produced and studied. Keyword: wood processing waste, Moramanga district, energy recovery, fuel briquette, energy efficiency, wood energy. 1. INTRODUCTION Industrial activities generate significant amounts of waste that are both a nuisance to the environment and a loss of recyclable materials, yet they are resources that can still be recovered for various purposes. Their recovery by various biotechnological or technological processes is a solution of choice insofar as it not only contributes to the elimination of environmental pollution, but also makes it possible to produce substances with high added value and bioenergy. 11276 www.ijariie.com 518 Vol-6 Issue-1 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 The Moramanga district has long been known for its wealth of forest resources and for the existence of the state- owned company FANALAMANGA, which works in the field of forestry, as well as several free zone enterprises working in the field of forest product exports. These companies generate a lot of wood processing waste every day: planing shavings, sawdust, etc. which are left in the open almost everywhere and litter several places in the district's chief town. It is within this framework that the idea of this research work on the theme: "Optimisation of a mixture of organic matter and other mineral matter to make coal briquettes" was born. Several questions arise, among others: - Is it possible to produce environmentally friendly domestic fuel from these planing chips and sawdust in an appropriate mixture? - What is the ideal proportion of fuel briquette produced from these forest wastes? - Are these fuel briquettes based on planing chips and sawdust suitable as a substitute for wood energy? - What type of fuel briquette is most suitable as a substitute for charcoal or firewood? The aim of this research work is to make fuel briquettes based on planing chips and sawdust from a suitable mixture of organic and mineral material. 2. METHODOLOGIES 2.1. Study areas: District of Moramanga The Moramanga district was chosen as the study area because of the importance of forest resources in the area on the one hand and the existence of the state company FANALAMANGA and several free zone companies working in the timber and timber products sector on the other. This section provides information on the geographical characteristics, climate, demographic situation and forestry in the Alaotra Mangoro region. 2.1.1. Geographical location The town of Moramanga is an unavoidable stop on the National Road N°2. It is located in the Middle East region of Madagascar, in the south central part of the Alaotra Mangoro region. The Alaotra Mangoro Region is limited: - In the North-East by the districts of Mandritsara, Port Berge and Befandriana- North: Sofia Region - In the North-West by the District of Tsaratanana : Betsiboka Region - To the West by the Districts of Anjozorobe and Manjakandriana: Analamanga Region - In the South-West by the Districts of Andramasina and Ambatolampy: Analamanga and Vakinankaratra Regions - To the South by the District of Marolambo: Antsinanana Region - To the South-East by the Districts of Tanambao Manampotsy and Vatomandry: Antsinanana Region - To the East by the Districts of Brickaville and Toamasina II: Antsinanana Region - In the North by the Districts of Fenerive EST and Soanierana Ivongo: Analanjirofo Region. The region as a whole represents 41% of the area of the Autonomous Province of Toamasina of which it is part and the 5.21% of the whole island. It is subdivided into two : - the Alaotra including Ambatondrazaka, Amparafaravola and Andilamena. - the Mangoro including Moramanga and Anosibe An'Ala Table 1: geographical location of the town of Moramanga Country Madagascar Region Alaotra Mangoro Province Toamasina District Moramanga Contact details 18°57’ sud, 48°14’ Est Altitude 980 m This table informs the geographical parameters allowing to locate geographically the district of Moramanga 11276 www.ijariie.com 519 Vol-6 Issue-1 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Figure 1: Location map of the town of Moramanga 2.1.2. State of forest cover in Madagascar and in the Alaotra Mangoro région : : 2.1.2.1. State of forest cover in Madagascar In reality, it is difficult to evaluate the forest cover according to the results of the National Forest Ecological Inventory (IEFN), based on satellite data in the national forest map on a scale of 1/100,000, Malagasy natural forests cover about 22% of the territory's surface area, i.e. 260,000 ha, of which 265,000 ha are reserved for plantations. The Malagasy forests are characterized by the presence of very varied fauna and flora and their densification estimated at 80% of the total forest which, in fact, is a unique ecological heritage in the world. This heritage is seriously threatened by the accelerated ecological degradation caused by deforestation and subsequent erosion. 2.2. Laboratory work to determine Calorific Value (ICP/SCP): 2.2.1. Determination of the physico-chemical properties of briquettes of sawdust and planing shavings with different binder contents (4%, 5%, 10%) and different fine material compositions Experimental work consists respectively of experimenting with sawdust briquettes and then with planing shavings briquettes. These tests include respectively: - The determination of the physical and chemical characteristics of sawdust and shavings briquettes with different binder and fine material compositions; - The determination of PCI (min, max) and PCS (min, max) of each composition in binder or fine material; 11276 www.ijariie.com 520 Vol-6 Issue-1 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 - Carrying out the various efficiency tests and the energy efficiency of each composition (binder, fine material) of sawdust and planing chips briquettes; - the evaluation of the efficiency and energy efficiency of sawdust and shavings briquettes of different composition (binder, fine) in relation to an improved furnace with a well-defined yield; 2.2.1.1. Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of sawdust and planning chip briquettes In order to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of sawdust briquettes and planning chips, our approach consists in calculating for each wood briquette and planning chip respectively: - the moisture content (H); - the ash content (Ce); - the volatile matter (Vm) content; - and by deduction the fixed carbon content (F.C). - the calculation of the Lower Calorific Value (LCV) and the PCS Our objective is to know the physicochemical characteristics of these briquettes in order to be able to dictate on the quality of the briquettes: a good fuel or not. a) Humidity (H): Dry the container in an oven at 105°C and cool in the desiccator, then weigh. 20g (weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg) of briquettes (sawdust, shavings) are placed in a tare box previously dried at 105°C, cooled and weighed. Spread the briquette (sawdust, shavings) evenly in the container, and place it in the oven heated to 105°C for 1 h to 1.5 h. Remove and place in the desiccator for 30 min and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Calculation of the humidity from the loss of mass in relation to the initial mass. b) Volatile matter (VMI): Determine the volatile matter index or VMI, which is the percentage loss in mass, obtained under standard conditions, after pyrolysis heated in the absence of air, excluding the loss in mass due to evaporation at 550°C. c) Ash content (C): Combustion of a test sample in a muffle furnace at 850°C. The ash content is the amount of residue, relative to the mass of the test sample.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 37* Year 21 December 1962 Maladies Quarantenaires
    Relevé ^idém . hebd. I 1962,37, 621-632 N° 51 Wkly ^idem. Rec. ORGANISAHON MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION G E N ÈV E GENEVA RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD Notifications et infoimations se rapportant à l’application Notifications under and information on the application of the dn Règlement sanitaire international et notes relatives à la International Sanitary Regulations and notes on current incidence fi^nence de certaines maladies of certain diseases Service de la Quarantaine internationale InternatUyna! Quarantine Service Adresse té^gn^hlque: EPIDNATTONS, GENÈVE Telegraphic address: EPIDNATIONS, GENEVA 21 DÉCEMBRE 1962 37* ANNÉE — 37* YEAR 21 DECEMBER 1962 MALADIES QUARANTENAIRES — QUARANTINABLE DISEASES Notifications reçues du 14 au 20 décemBre 1962 — Notifications received from 14 to 20 DecemBer 1962 PESTE — PLAGUE C C D ÉQUATEUR (suite) ECUADOR (continued) Afrique — Africa VIET-NAM, RÉP. DU I1.XU VIET-NAM, REP. OF Portoviejo, Canton C D Khanh-Hôa, Province Calderon, Parr. 1-30.XI 1 MADAGASCAR 3-9.XH Portoviejo, Parr. 4-30.XI 6 Dienkhanh, District Tamatave, Province Sucre, Canton Phu-Loc, Commune 1 0 Ambatondrazaka, District Bahia de Caraquez, Parr. 18-30.XI 6 Amparafaravola . 1 0 Charapoto .... 18-30.XI 15 CHOLÉRA — CHOLERj Asie — Asia Moramanga, District Asie — Asia c C D C D Mandialaza . ■ 9.xn 1 1 BIRMANIE — BURMA 9-is.xn INDE — INDIA 2-8.XII 9-15.XH Sagaing, Division . Calcutta (PA) . 8 6 4 3 SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN 11.XII Sagaing, District Madras (P A ). 35 4 40 6 SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Visaktiapatnam (P). 3 1 1 1 Myinmu .... 1 ‘ A Eexclusion de la circonscription de I*aéroport de Ovamboland, District.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and Species Reports of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from the Eastern Forest Corridor of Madagascar
    New species and species reports of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from the eastern forest corridor of Madagascar Kent Kainulainen, Benjamin van Ee, Patrice Antilahimena, Hanta Razafindraibe & Paul E. Berry Abstract KNUAI LAINEN, K., B. VAN EE, P. ANTILAHIMENA, H. RAZAFINDRAIBE & P.E.BERRY (2016). New species and species reports of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) from the eastern forest corridor of Madagascar. Candollea 71 : 327-356. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v712a17 Six species of Croton from the Moramanga District of the Alaotra-Mangoro Region of eastern Madagascar (Toamasina Prov.) are newly described here, five of which occur in the Ambatovy mining concession. A seventh new species is described from the Ankerana Forest in the Atsinanana Region, some 80 km to the northeast of the town of Moramanga, which is one of the offset areas intended to mitigate the deforestation incurred by the Ambatovy mining project. Of the new species, Croton ferricretus Kainul., B.W. van Ee & P.E. Berry is the one most closely associated with the ultramafic soils where nickel and cobalt is being extracted. Although it is locally common, it is only known from the mine concession. Croton enigmaticus P.E. Berry & B.W. van Ee is considerably less common on the mine concession but is also known from two other sites. Croton droguetioides Kainul. & Radcl.-Sm. is known from Ambatovy and three other areas in the Alaotra-Mangoro Region, and Croton radiatus P.E. Berry & Kainul. is known only from forests on the Ambatovy mining concession and from the area of Zahamena National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of 11 New Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) Species Endemic to Madagascar
    European Journal of Taxonomy 312: 1–40 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.312 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · GROENINCKX I. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar Inge GROENINCKX 1, Steven JANSSENS 2, Erik SMETS 3 & Brecht VERSTRAETE 4,* 1 Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 2 Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. 3 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. 4 Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Astiella is an herbaceous genus endemic to Madagascar, originally described with a single species A. delicatula Jovet. Molecular and morphological evidence place it in the tribe Spermacoceae s. lat. of Rubiaceae. During herbarium studies and fieldwork in Madagascar, 11 new Astiella species were identified and these are described here: A. antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov., A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov., A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov., A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov., A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov., A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov., A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov., A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov., A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov., A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov., and A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. The genus Astiella now holds 12 species in total that are all endemic to Madagascar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Maromizaha Forest, Madagascar
    MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 1 0 | ISSUE 2 — AUGUST 201 5 PAGE 93 SHORT_NOTE http://dx.doi.org/1 0.431 4/mcd.v1 0i2.8 Local socio-economic effects of protected area conservation: The case of Maromizaha forest, Madagascar Rose Marie Sissie RandrianarisonI, Andry RajaonsonI, Correspondence: José Myriel RalisonII, Zoheritsimba RabemananjaraIII, Rose Marie Sissie Randrianarison Tahina Dandara AndrianantenainaIV, Jules RabearisonV, Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar Jonah RatsimbazafyVI (GERP), Département de Paléontologie et d'Anthropologie Bio- logique (DPAB), Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo. Madagascar E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ The vision Madagascar Naturally aimed to triple the size of protec- La vision « Madagascar naturellement » a été élaborée pour tripler ted areas in Madagascar from 1 .7 million hectares to 6 million la superficie des Aires Protégées de Madagascar en la portant de hectares before 2008, in order to ensure the safe guarding of Ma- 1 ,7 millions d’hectares à 6 millions d’hectares avant 2008 afin dagascar’s natural heritage and the human well-being that de- d’assurer le sauvegarde du patrimoine naturel et le bien-être des pends on it. In 2008, Maromizaha forest was selected by the Hommes. La forêt de Maromizaha avait été retenue par le Minis- Ministry of Environment and Forests tobecome a New Protected tère de l’Environnement de l’Ecologie et des Forêts pour devenir Area where the delegated manager is the Groupe d’Etude et de une Nouvelle Aire Protégée (NAP) depuis 2008. Ce Ministère a Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP).
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Approach for Quantifying Illegal Bushmeat Consumption Reveals High Consumption of Protected Species in Madagascar
    Novel approach for quantifying illegal bushmeat consumption reveals high consumption of protected species in Madagascar J ULIE H. RAZAFIMANAHAKA,RICHARD K. B. JENKINS,DAUDET A NDRIAFIDISON, F ÉLICIEN R ANDRIANANDRIANINA,VICTOR R AKOTOMBOAVONJY,AIDAN K EANE and J ULIA P. G. JONES Abstract Information on the extent of bushmeat hunting is Keywords Bushmeat, conservation effectiveness, enforce- needed to assess the likely impact on hunted species, to ment, hunting, lemur, Madagascar, poaching, randomized provide information on the opportunity cost to local people response technique of conservation, and to judge the efficacy of interventions at reducing pressure. However, where hunting is illegal, or socially unacceptable, respondents may not answer Introduction honestly to direct questions about hunting or consump- tion of bushmeat. We adapted a specialized method for ushmeat hunting is widely recognized as an important investigating sensitive behaviours (the randomized response threat to the biodiversity of tropical forests (Milner- technique, RRT) and questioned 1,851 people in Madagascar B Gulland & Bennett, 2003), causing extirpation of target about their consumption of six species, using either RRT or species (Bouche et al., 2010) and cascading effects on direct questions. For most species at most sites RRT and ecosystems (Peres & Palacios, 2007). Quantifying the extent direct questions returned similar estimates of the proportion of bushmeat hunting or consumption is important for of the population who had consumed bushmeat in the several reasons, including quantifying the likely impact on previous year. However, RRT resulted in significantly higher hunted species (Fa & Brown, 2009), understanding the role estimates of bushmeat consumption in communities that it plays in local diets (Golden et al., 2011) and evaluating surrounding a protected area, where conservation activities the success of interventions aimed at managing hunting made such questions sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • RAVELOMANANA Tsiriniaina MAMMITES CLINIQUES DES
    RAVELOMANANA Tsiriniaina MAMMITES CLINIQUES DES VACHES LAITIERES DANS LE DISTRICT DE MORAMANGA Thèse pour l’obtention du Diplôme d’Etat de Docteur en Médecine Vétérinaire UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DE MEDECINE DEPARTEMENT D’ENSEIGNEMENT DES SCIENCES ET DE MEDECINE VETERINAIRE ANNEE : 2017 N° :0194 MAMMITES CLINIQUES DES VACHES LAITIERES DANS LE DISTRICT DE MORAMANGA THESE Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 10 Janvier 2017 Par Monsieur RAVELOMANANA Tsiriniaina Né le 18 septembre 1987 à Imerintsiatosika Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR EN MEDECINE VETERINAIRE (Diplôme d'Etat) Directeur de Thèse : Professeur RASAMBAINARIVO Jhon Henri MEMBRES DU JURY Président : Professeur RANDRIANJAFISAMINDRAKOTROKA Nantenaina Soa Juges : Professeur RAKOTOZANDRINDRAINY Raphaël : Professeur RAKOTO ALSON Aimée Olivat Rapporteur : Professeur RASAMBAINARIVO Jhon Henri DEDICACES ET REMERCIEMENTS Je dédie cette thèse : Au Seigneur JESUS-CHRIST, « La crainte de l’Eternel est le commencement de la connaissance ».Proverbes1:7a. Merci pour tous ce que Tu as planifié dans ma vie, et d’être toujours à mes côtés. A mes Parents : Monsieur RAVELOMANANA Paul et Madame RAZANAMAMPIONINA Vololomboahangy. Pour votre encouragement et pour tous vos sacrifices tout au long de mes parcours. Un seul merci infini ne suffit pas pour votre amour, je vous dédie cette thèse à titre de récompense. A mes grandes sœurs (Lanto et Zo) et surtout à mon grand frère (Tsiory) Rien ni personne au monde ne peut accomplir tous ce que vous avez fait dans ma vie, un grand merci alors pour les prières, les sacrifices et les aides que vous m’avez faites. Sachiez que mon succès est aussi la vôtre. A la coopération décentralisée « ile et Vilaine » et à l’inséminateur de la coopération Monsieur RAMPARANIARIVOARIMINO David Ce travail n’a pas pu être réalisé sans votre collaboration et votre financement.
    [Show full text]
  • Vohimana Community Forestry »
    UNIVERSITY OF ANTANANARIVO ************************* SCIENCE OF SOCIETY ******************** ECONOMICS *************** ACADEMIC BACKGROUND: LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT *************** THESIS FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTER’S DEGREE IN ECONOMICS « INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY AND OPPORTUNITY FOR THE CASE OF LOCAL PLACE: VOHIMANA COMMUNITY FORESTRY » Written by: RAKOTOMAHARO Fenonjara Ghislain Oral Defense Dissertation day: 23 December 2016 Oral dissertation committee: Chairman: Mr RANDRIANALIJAONA Tiana Mahefasoa, University Lecturer Moderator: Mr RAZAFINDRAKOTO Jean Lucien, University Lecturer Supervisor: Mr RAKOTO David Olivaniaina, University Lecturer Academic year: 2010-2011 ABSTRACT This thesis study range ways of feasible investment and market opportunity for the Vohimana Community Forestry. Some area of expertise defined investment as every kind assets, contracts, property rights, production process or copyright, and also capital assets to carry out an economic project. Meanwhile such research have problems whether people at Vohimana are farmers not traders, information are sharing only by one way, from Tangalamena to others and people are not fully involved in community activities. In order to explore the topic, our objectives are to give appropriate training for adults and to provide information tools for value and supply chain for Vohimana products, if we follow the hypothesis that everyone should become an economic agent, accept mutual participation and to let them organize themselves. Our general strategy applies the methods of holistic approach and focus group interview. Our findings reveal that community suffered of the lack of health care services, children education and the oscillation of there is there isn’t of MATE (Man And The Environment) activities. To achieve the goal, local development project should respect community leader advice so that results may play a role such as having better life for key actors who wish to develop their basis community and preserve their environmental richnesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Series of Revisions of Apocynaceae XLIV
    WAGENINGEN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PAPERS 97-2 (1997) Series of Revisions of Apocynaceae XLIV Craspidospermum Boj. ex A. DC, Gonioma E. Mey., Mascarenhasia A. DC, Petchia Livera, Plectaneia Thou., and Stephanostegia Baill. by A.J.M. Leeuwenberg Date of publication: 12Augus t 1997 Wageningen MM Agricultural University rn,,\;!(Ni;-. L.NV 1 iHiisaaAT N Series of Revisions of Apocynaceae XLIV / Craspidospermum Boj. ex A. DC, Gonioma E. Mey., Mascarenhasia A. DC, Petchia Livera, Plectaneia Thou., and Stephanostegia Baill. / A.J.M. Leeuwenberg ISBN 90-73348-76-5 NUGI 823 ISSN 0169-345X Distribution: Backhuys Publishers, P.O.Box 321,230 0 AH Leiden, The Netherlands. Telephone: +31-71-5170208 Fax: +31-71-5171856 E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved Printed in The Netherlands Series of Revisions of Apocynaceae XLIV Craspidospermum Boj. ex A. DC, Gonioma E. Mey., Mascarenhasia A. DC, Petchia Livera, Plectaneia Thou., and Stephanostegia Baill. byA.J.M . Leeuwenberg Department of PlantTaxonomy, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O.Box 8010, 6700Wageningen, the Netherlands Abstract Six genera of Apocynaceae have been monographed. These six are restricted to Africa, except for Petchia, which also occurs in Sri Lanka with one endemic species. The study is based on herbarium material and living plants, mostly observed and collected by the author in Madagascar. Petchia replaces the well-known genus name of Cabucala as it has priority, so six new combinations have been made here. Petchia africana from Cameroun has been described as new to science. For Carissa verticillata a new name has been proposed to replace Pichon's homonym, C.pichoniana. In all, 23 names have been reduced to synonymy, 14 of which are even synonymso fPlectaneia thouarsii.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness and Energy Efficiency of Savannah Grass Briquettes Alternative to Wood Energy Compared to Briquettes of Rice Husks, Planing Chips and Sawdust
    Vol-6 Issue-4 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 EFFECTIVENESS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SAVANNAH GRASS BRIQUETTES ALTERNATIVE TO WOOD ENERGY COMPARED TO BRIQUETTES OF RICE HUSKS, PLANING CHIPS AND SAWDUST. AZIZ 1, J. L. RASOANAIVO 2, L. LEHIMENA3, A.O. RAVONINJATOVO 4 R. RAKOTOSAONA5, A.A. RATIARISON6 1 3 Senior lecturer, Physical chemistry Mention, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment University of Mahajanga Madagascar 2 Senior research scientist, Unité de Recherches : Biocarburant (bioéthanol, biodiesel), Energy Department, Centre National de Recherches Industrielle et Technologique (CNRIT) Madagascar 3 Senior lecturer, Plant physiology Mention, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, University of Mahajanga, Madagascar 4 Professor, Associate Research Director, Biomass Energy, Energy Department, National Centre for Industrial and Technological Research (CNRIT) Madagascar 5 Professor, Process engineering, Materials engineering, water treatment, Director of Higher Polytechnic School Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo Madagascar 6 6 Full Professor, Dynamics of Atmosphere, Climate and Oceans Laboratory (DyACO), Physics and Applications, Sciences and Technologies, University of Antananarivo Madagascar ABSTRACT 92% of Madagascar's energy supply is dominated by wood energy. Households are the major consumers of energy and are responsible for deforestation. Currently, only more than 21% of the country's surface area is covered by forest. To restore the country's image of the former "green island", the government has opted for a policy of diversifying energy sources by developing alternative energy sources such as the agrofuel sector for the production of bioethanol and biodiesel and the production of fuel briquettes from the energy recovery of rice waste, wood processing waste (planning chips, sawdust) and savannah grasses, which are invasive plants in the south of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Madagascar-Cylone Giovanna-Sitrep 4-20120223.Pdf (English)
    United Nations Nations Unies Office of the Resident Coordinator Madagascar • Cyclone Giovanna Situation Report # 4 – 23 February 2012 I. HIGHLIGHTS/KEY PRIORITIES Nine days after the passing of cyclone Giovanna, 27 deaths have been reported, while the number of people injured is estimated at 90. To date, 3,249 people are still displaced in temporary shelters, in particular in the eastern districts of Brickaville, Vatomandry and Mahanoro, in the north-central district of Mampikony and in the capital, Antananarivo. The BNGRC has announced that an international appeal will not be issued by the Malagasy Government, but that in-country support from partners and bilateral donors could be sought in the coming days. Estimates from NGO partners on the ground (CARE International, MedAir) suggest a total of 80,000 people affected Cyclone Giovanna. Nevertheless, an in-depth analysis is ongoing to identify people who require immediate humanitarian assistance. 978 school classrooms have been severely or moderately damaged. Information on damage and needs in the east-central districts of Anosibe an’Ala and Moramanga, which was expected to be affected, has not been received yet. A joint multisectoral assessment will be held in those districts. II. Situation Overview The National Disaster Risk Management Office (BNGRC) and partners continue to process information being received from the field on the impacts of the Cyclone. Giovanna caused the death of 27 people while 90 are injured, and 3,249 others are still displaced in temporary shelters. Local coping mechanisms and resilience to stocks of communities have been instrumental to the return of affected people back to their homes ten days after the passing of Cyclone Giovanna on 14 February.
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Mantella Frog) 2017-2021
    Species Conservation Strategy for Mantella aurantiaca (The golden mantella frog) 2017-2021 Partners: This document is the update of the Species Conservation Strategy of Mantella aurantiaca (2011-2015) and elaborate by : Rakotondrasoa E.F., Andriantsimanarilafy R. R., Andriafidison D., Razafimanahaka H.J., Razafindraibe P., Rabesihanaka S., Robsomanitrandrasana E., Randrianizahana H., Rakotondratsimba G., Ranjanaharisoa F., Rabemanajara F., Randrianantoandro C.J., Ndriamiary J. N., Rakotoarisoa J. Cl., Randrianarisoa A. L. 2017. Species Conservation strategy of Mantella aurantiaca (grenouille dorée) 2017-2021. - Rakotondrasoa Eddie Fanantenana, Andriantsimanarilafy Raphali Rodlis, Andriafidison Daudet, Razafindraibe Pierre, Razafimanahaka Hanta Julie. Madagasikara Voakajy, B.P. 5181, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [email protected] - Robsomanitrandrasana Eric, Rabesihanaka Sahondra. Direction Générale des Forêts/Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Forestières, Organe de Gestion CITES Madagascar. BP 243 Nanisana [email protected]; [email protected] - Randrianizahana Hiarinirina. Direction Générale des Forêts / Direction du Système des Aires Protégées. [email protected] ; [email protected] - Rakotondratsimba Gilbert, Ranjanaharisoa Fiadanantsoa. Département Environnement Mine Moramanga Ambatovy Minerals S.A.(AMSA) [email protected] ; [email protected] - Rabemanajara Falitiana, IUCN/SSC/ASG Madagascar [email protected] - Randrianantoandro Christian Joseph Mention Zoologie
    [Show full text]
  • Biocultural Landscapes Diversity Shaped by Agricultural Systems In
    Biocultural landscapes diversity shaped by agricultural systems in Madagascar Stéphanie Carrière, Herizo Randriambanona, Vanesse Labeyrie, Dominique Hervé, Juliette Mariel, Samuel Razanaka, Josoa Randriamalala To cite this version: Stéphanie Carrière, Herizo Randriambanona, Vanesse Labeyrie, Dominique Hervé, Juliette Mariel, et al.. Biocultural landscapes diversity shaped by agricultural systems in Madagascar. The New Natural History of Madagascar, In press. hal-03235166 HAL Id: hal-03235166 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03235166 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Biocultural landscapes diversity shaped by agricultural systems in Madagascar. Authors : S. M. Carrière, H. Randriambanona, V. Labeyrie, D. Hervé, J. Mariel, S. Razanaka, and J. R. Randriamalala Stéphanie M. Carrière UMR SENS (Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés) - IRD, CIRAD, UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry, Site St Charles, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier cedex 05, France; email: [email protected] Herizo Randriambanona Centre National
    [Show full text]