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The Case of Maromizaha Forest, Madagascar

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The Case of Maromizaha Forest, Madagascar MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 1 0 | ISSUE 2 — AUGUST 201 5 PAGE 93 SHORT_NOTE http://dx.doi.org/1 0.431 4/mcd.v1 0i2.8 Local socio-economic effects of protected area conservation: The case of Maromizaha forest, Madagascar Rose Marie Sissie RandrianarisonI, Andry RajaonsonI, Correspondence: José Myriel RalisonII, Zoheritsimba RabemananjaraIII, Rose Marie Sissie Randrianarison Tahina Dandara AndrianantenainaIV, Jules RabearisonV, Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar Jonah RatsimbazafyVI (GERP), Département de Paléontologie et d'Anthropologie Bio- logique (DPAB), Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo. Madagascar E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ The vision Madagascar Naturally aimed to triple the size of protec- La vision « Madagascar naturellement » a été élaborée pour tripler ted areas in Madagascar from 1 .7 million hectares to 6 million la superficie des Aires Protégées de Madagascar en la portant de hectares before 2008, in order to ensure the safe guarding of Ma- 1 ,7 millions d’hectares à 6 millions d’hectares avant 2008 afin dagascar’s natural heritage and the human well-being that de- d’assurer le sauvegarde du patrimoine naturel et le bien-être des pends on it. In 2008, Maromizaha forest was selected by the Hommes. La forêt de Maromizaha avait été retenue par le Minis- Ministry of Environment and Forests tobecome a New Protected tère de l’Environnement de l’Ecologie et des Forêts pour devenir Area where the delegated manager is the Groupe d’Etude et de une Nouvelle Aire Protégée (NAP) depuis 2008. Ce Ministère a Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP). One of GERP’s nommé un délégataire, le Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les strategies is to provide support to the livelihoods of the local Primates de Madagascar (GERP). L’une des stratégies du GERP est people around the Maromizaha protected area in order to reduce d’améliorer les moyens de subsistance de la population locale the dependency on natural resources. During April 201 4, GERP or- vivant à la périphérie de l’Aire Protégée de Maromizaha afin de ganized a rapid socio-economic survey of 70 households across réduire leur dépendance des ressources naturelles prélevées six villages, in order to make a preliminary, comparison and as- dans l’aire protégée. En avril 201 4, le GERP a organisé une en- sessment of this development support and its impact on the main quête préliminaire rapide sur la situation socio-économique des income generating activities of the local people, their highest level ménages pour comparer les principales activités génératrices de of formal education in 2008 and 201 4, and their thinking about revenus, le niveau scolaire de la population locale en 2008 et en conservation offsetting. The results showed that in 201 4, 70% of 201 4, et le niveau de leurs connaissances sur les bienfaits de la local people were engaged in agriculture and less than 40% in cat- conservation. Les méthodes de collecte de données ont été ba- tle farming. Some villagers have benefited from pilot development sées sur les questions filtre et le focus group. Les données analy- projects organized by financial and environmental organizations. sées montrent que les principales activités génératrices de Other local people benefited from other livelihood activities rela- revenus en 201 4 provenaient de l’agriculture(70%) et de l’élevage ted to the conservation management of the forest. Most partici- (40%). De 2008 à 201 4, une différence significative des activités pants were aware of the ecosystem services of the forests (94.3%) génératrices de revenus a été observée. Certains villageois ont and the education level has increased from 2008 to 201 4, al- bénéficié de projets de développement financés par des or- though even in 201 4, 56% of the survey participants were educa- ganismes environnementaux. D’autres ont profité des activités al- ted only to primary school level; the rate of illiteracy is at 1 5.6%. ternatives liées à la conservation de la nature comme la We summarize some strengths, weaknesses and recommenda- restauration des zones dégradées, l’assistance ou le guidage de tions in order to improve the management of the Maromizaha chercheurs, l’aménagement des infrastructures, les patrouilles Protected Area. périodiques, l’apiculture ou encore l’élaboration de produits ali- mentaires et industriels. La plupart des participants ont I Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Département de Paléontologie et d'Anthropologie Biologique (DPAB), Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar II Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Département de Biologie Animale (DBA), Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar III Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Institut Supérieur de Sciences, Environnement et Développement Durable (ISSEDD) IV Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Département de Gestion, Faculté de DEGS, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar V Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), retraité de la Société Phael-Flor, Ankorahotra, Madagascar. VI Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), enseignant Chercheur de l'Université de Madagascar, Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development is the journal of Indian Ocean e-Ink. It is produced under the respon- sibility of this institution. The views expressed in contri- butions to MCD are solely those of the authors and not those of the journal editors or the publisher. All the Issues and articles are freely available at http://www.journalmcd.com Contact Journal MCD [email protected] for general inquiries regarding MCD [email protected] to support the journal Madagascar Conservation & Development Institute and Museum of Anthropology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 1 90 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland Indian Ocean e-Ink Promoting African Publishing and Education www.ioeink.com Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG) Madagascar Research and Conservation Program BP 3391 Antananarivo, 1 01 , Madagascar MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 1 0 | ISSUE 2 — AUGUST 201 5 PAGE 94 conscience des services écologiques rendus par l’aire protégée charcoal production, and the creation of new agricultural lands (94,3%). Le niveau d’instruction a augmenté de 2008 à 201 4, mais (Rakotosamimanana et al. 2004). In addition, timber exportation même si 56% ont suivi l’école primaire, 1 5,6% des villageois sont outside the community illegal logging, harvesting of palm heart, analphabètes. Quelques points forts et des limites sont mention- and lemur hunting constitute further pressures. Because of these nés et des recommandations sont formulées en vue d’améliorer multiple threats, conserving the biodiversity of Maromizaha forest le système de gestion de l’Aire Protégée de Maromizaha. requires a holistic strategy to deliver conservation and develop- ment outcomes effectively and sustainably. INTRODUCTION Beginning in April 201 4, GERP undertook a preliminary as- The main goals of the protected area system in Madagascar are to sessment of the contribution that conservation of Maromizaha fo- maintain environmental services and the sustainable use of natu- rest makes to the local socio-economic settingandprepared a ral resources as a step towards reducing poverty and promoting rapid survey of households in six villages adjacent to Maromizaha sustainable development (Office National pour l’Environnement forest. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the development 2006). Beginning in 2003, when the national strategy to expand support that had been provided to the villages and assess its im- the protected area network was launched, a number of formerly pact on the main income-generating activities of the local people, unprotected sites started to receive conservation attention. compare the highest levels of education completed by study par- Through this process, the management of the Maromizaha forest ticipants in 201 4 to the outcome of GERP survey in 2008 at the in eastern Madagascar as a protected area category VI by the na- same villages, and gauge the thinking of study participants about tional primate conservation organization Groupe d’Etude et de Re- conservation offsetting, in order to establish a 5-year action plan cherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP) was approved by which will encompass conservation, environmental education, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MEF) in 2008 (Ratsimba- sustainable development, and sustainable ecotourism (Office Na- zafy et al. 2008). Since then, GERP, together with technical and fi- tional pour l’Environnement 2002). nancial stakeholders, has provided support to the livelihoods of the local people around the Maromizaha Protected Area in order STUDY SITE to reduce the dependency on natural resources. The Maromizaha forest is located geographically in latitude Located in the southeast portion of the Ankeniheny-Zahame- 1 8°57’S and 1 9°00’S, longitude 48°26’E and 48°31 ’E, in the Alaotra na Corridor, Maromizaha forest is characterized by high fauna and Mangoro region, Moramanga district and within both the rural flora species richness (Randrianambinina et al. 2006, Rakotozafy municipalities of Andasibe and Ambatovola. There are three main 201 1 , Razafindravony 201 4). The majority of the villages in proximi- village areas near the forest: Antsapanana, Morafeno and Amba- ty to Maromizaha forest rely on
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