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OVERVIEWS of ORAL HISTORY Panelists Peter Stursberg -- Author

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OVERVIEWS of ORAL HISTORY Panelists Peter Stursberg -- Author OVERVIEWS OF ORAL HISTORY Panelists Peter Stursberg -- author, former broadcaster, adjunct professor, Simon Fraser University Richard Lochead -- archivist, National Film, Television and Sound Archives. President, COHA 11Oral History and the Electronic Age'' two large boxes weighing &me 80 pounds. by Peter Stursberg They were the finest hi-fidelity equip- ment of the times, the latest of the 'state of art' and they were described as portable. They were portable in the Although Oral History is as old as sense that they could be carried around history itself, as an organized activi- on a jeep. This was in the dark ages ty, as a popular movement, or pastime, before the transistor and before high- it is a child of the electronic age. tech and miniaturization. The first time That child grew up at the same speed as that 1 worked with tape - the tape as we the recording equipment grew smaller know it now, the electronic tape - was until it has become the giant that it is in the early '50s at the United Nations. today. I remember it well because when I was I suppose the first oral history recording my reports and commentaries in recordings of the electronic age were the '50s I used to say, "I'll pause five the war reports of the CBC war corres- seconds for spiralling." And I no lon- pondents, the piles of aluminum backed ger had to say that now that we had a platters which cluttered up the newsroom tape recorder, but I went on saying it of the corporation after VE Day. One of The first portable tape recorder was the first jobs that Norman DePoe had was the Webcore, which was a bulky object to make a selection of these war re- and seemed heavy although it probably ports, which were meant for the CBC weighed about 25 pounds, a third of the archives and have since been turned over weight of our old wartime equipment. to the Public Archives of Canada. I Imagine Please, the latest of the Sound understand from Ernie Dick, that they Heritage Series [has] a picture of an have the full war report now in the early portable tape recorder around 1947 Public Archives of Canada. I forget how threaded with a reel of paper-based many of the war reports were in the recording tape. This wasn't the tape Norman DePoe Collection, but it would that we know now. I never worked with have been somewhere in the neighbourhood paper tape. I wonder whether it worked. of 30 or 40 hours. The full Collection, I know this, that they had a magnetic as I understand, runs from 600 hours and wire recorder which we used at the that is uncatalogued. end of the war, and it was just hope- We war correspondents had a recording less. The fidelity on it was very low device, a disc recorder which came in and also it was impossible to edit. It took sometime before we had truly talking than when writing. There ' s portable tape recorders, which could be something about the act of putting pen carried over your shoulder or put in to paper that makes for caution, dull- your pocket. And by the time that occu- ness and officialese. Now, some people rred which was in the '70s the newspaper wonder why this should be. I know that reporters threw away their note books Norman DePoe who was a correspondent in and took to recording press conferences the parliamentary press gallery, at the and statements and that's why there is a same time that I was, was quite aston- forest of mikes before every talking ished at some of the revelations in my politician. books on Diefenbaker. I think the rea- I did my first oral history inter- son is that the average person is more views in the early '60s - that was for comfortable in conversation, as he or the CBC. The CBC was really the initia- she does makes most arrangements, does tor of oral history in Canada. Although most of the business on the telephone, of course we didn't call it that at that particularly here in Canada where we are time. The term oral history is only a the greatest telephone callers in the little more than 10 years old. When I world. We are growing up in the elec- did those first interviews they were tronic age and there's less and less done specifically for the [CBC] Archives writing of letters and few people keep although they were to be used in the diary's now. As a result Dalton Camp case of the demise of the person that was to suggest in reviewing my first was being interviewed. They did feel oral history book, Diefenbaker: Leader- that programs could be made of them so ship Gained, that oral history may be that they weren't just oral history our only political historv. interviews. They were going to be used Up to-now I've been talking mainly as programs. When I did those first about a particular kind of oral history, interviews I had an engineer with an which is the kind that I practise, poli- Ampex or a Uher. I remember when I went tical oral history. It's the kind that down to Dartmouth College to interview Columbia University goes for, that is Vilhjalmur Stefansson, CBC got the local recording the memoirs of VIPs, of per- radio station man to make the record at sons significant in American life, or his cottage on the campus. That inter- what Paul Thompson refers to as the 11 great man project I' view illustrates an important point with . regard to oral history, which is the There is the ordinary person kind, or obvious limitation of death. Stef ans- as Louis Starr has called it, ?fhistory son, who seemed so full of life at the from the bottom up." And that has time, died within 10 days of that inter- proved to be immensely popular when view. When we set up the joint oral undertaken by journalists and broadcas- history project of the Public Archives ters, such as Barry Broadfoot and Studs and Parliamentary Library to record the Turkel. I might- sav that such books as memoirs of federal politicians our prio- Ten Lost Years and Hard Times and the rity was age and health. Another is others are not appreciated- - by the acade- that you can't get anyone to say anyt- mic historians. But then they don't hing that he doesn't want to say. Cer- like any kind of oral history really, tainly not politicians or public fig- at least the Canadian historians. The ures. And that's aside from whether you American historians on the other hand should or should not do that. seem to be a little more with the elec- In the Prologue to Diefenbaker: Lea- tronic times. In some ways the ordinary dership Lost I wrote that after inter- person interview is more difficult to do views with hundreds of people it has and requires patience and skill on the been my experience that a person who is part of the interviewer to make a person not a professional writer is likely to who's not used to speaking tell his be much more frank and interesting when story. It's the type of interview which is used in the sorts of social and com- oral history in united States whereas it munity history's which Paul Thompson is the government and government a~gen- favours, or projects like the one at cies in Canada. And that I suppose is Duke University on how black disenfran- the story of most endeavours in our two chisement came about in the southern countries. states of the turn of the century. And that's an ongoing project. This project at Duke University is being funded by "Directions in Oral History in Cana.dal' the Rockefeller Foundation. There are many other oral history projects at by Richard Lochead American universities which are also supported by the Rockefeller Foundation. There are differences between the way This is my first time in Vancouver oral history is supported in this coun- and indeed my first time in British try and across the border. The modern Columbia, and therefore I was not pre- movement began at Columbia University sent at the founding conference of the and spread to other universities across COHA in 1974 at Simon Fraser. However, the United States. Although the Ameri- this meeting is quite sibnificant be- cans complain about oral history being cause it provides an opportunity to under-funded it is supported by founda- review the progress of oral history and tions such as the Rockefeller Foundation the Canadian Oral History Association and other private sources. over the last decade. And also to dis- In Canada it is a government archives cuss the sole the Association should and agency's which are the main compo- play in the development of oral history nent of oral history. Now take my own in the next decade. It is also signifi- case as an example, I could not have cant that after holding conferences done the four books on Diefenbaker and across the country in the last nine Pearson without the help of the Public years that COHA has returned to its Archives of Canada. Dr. Wilfred Smith, place of origin. For in assessing oral the Dominion Archivist,is a creative history in Canada since 1974 perhaps the archivist and a keen supporter of oral first fact that would become evident is history.
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