DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Geografia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Geografia UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIA LUIS ANTONIO BITTAR VENTURI Oriente Médio: o compartilhamento e a tecnologia revertendo a perspectiva de escassez hídrica e conflitos São Paulo Março de 2012 LUIS ANTONIO BITTAR VENTURI Oriente Médio: o compartilhamento e a tecnologia revertendo a perspectiva de escassez hídrica e conflitos Tese apresentada ao Departamento de Geografia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para a obtenção de título de Livre Docência. Área de concentração: Geografia Física São Paulo Março de 2012 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Foto da capa: mulheres transportando leite no rio Eufrates. Foto do autor, fevereiro de 2011. Ficha catalográfica ___________________________________________________________________ Dados técnicos: - Todas as traduções da língua francesa para a portuguesa e da língua inglesa para a portuguesa são de responsabilidade do autor. - Todas as imagens que não constam créditos são de autoria do autor. - A formatação do trabalho seguiu as orientações das Diretrizes para apresentação de dissertações e teses da USP: documento eletrônico e impresso (Parte I – ABNT e Parte III - ISO), disponibilizado no portal da Biblioteca Florestan Fernandes – FFLCH – USP. FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Nome: Luis Antonio Bittar Venturi Título: Oriente Médio: o compartilhamento e a tecnologia revertendo a perspectiva de escassez hídrica e conflitos Tese apresentada ao Departamento de Geografia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para a obtenção de título de Livre Docência em Geografia. Aprovado em: _____/_____/_____ Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr.....................................................................Instituição:..................................... Julgamento:........................................Assinatura:......................................................... Prof. Dr.....................................................................Instituição:..................................... Julgamento:........................................Assinatura:......................................................... Prof. Dr.....................................................................Instituição:..................................... Julgamento:........................................Assinatura:......................................................... Prof. Dr.....................................................................Instituição:..................................... Julgamento:........................................Assinatura:......................................................... Prof. Dr.....................................................................Instituição:..................................... Julgamento:........................................Assinatura:......................................................... AGRADECIMENTOS À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP, pelo auxílio financeiro que viabilizou meu estágio de pesquisa na Síria. Ao presidente da Universidade de Damasco, Dr. Wael Mualla, pelo convite a mim endereçado para realização de parte desta pesquisa. Ao professor doutor Bahjat Mohamad, pela supervisão, interesse e colaboração com parte desta pesquisa, acompanhando-a de perto. À Mohamad Ali Abdel Jalil, pelo empenho em viabilizar minha permanência na Universidade de Damasco. A Luiz Fernando Ary, pelo apoio e pelas traduções para a Língua Portuguesa de autores e documentos árabes. À Maria Alice Venturi, pela criteriosa revisão final dos textos. O rio chega ao oceano porque contorna os obstáculos (Mao Tsé-Tung) RESUMO Luis A. B. VENTURI. Oriente Médio: o compartilhamento e a tecnologia revertendo a perspectiva de escassez hídrica e conflitos (tese). São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2011.285p. Ao se tratar de Oriente Médio, a água é tema central, seja pela escassez deste recurso em si, seja por relacionar-se à ideia de conflito. Com muita frequência, o primeiro aspecto associa-se ao segundo. Este esquema lógico: conflito como decorrência da escassez hídrica é tão amplamente utilizado e facilmente absorvido por qualquer um que se interesse pela região, que acaba se tornando um modelo explicativo. Porém, este paradigma deve ser rediscutido, uma vez que a realidade do Oriente Médio contemporâneo tem se alterado aceleradamente. Por um lado, os países que compartilham águas, como aquelas da bacia do rio Eufrates, parecem consolidar entendimentos deixando a ideia de conflito cada vez mais distante. Já, nos países do Golfo Pérsico, de extrema escassez natural, a inserção técnica gera autonomia de abastecimento e anula as possibilidades de conflitos envolvendo recursos hídricos, exigindo dos geógrafos uma revisão dos padrões teórico- conceituais relacionados à água como recurso natural. Diante das novas realidades daquela região, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central demonstrar a necessidade de uma revisão teórico-conceitual acerca do recurso hídrico. Como desdobramento deste objetivo, propomos um aperfeiçoamento do paradigma explicativo escassez- conflito e, ao mesmo tempo, uma maior acurácia conceitual acerca da água enquanto recurso renovável. Orientamos a tese pela hipótese geral de que, tanto o compartilhamento entre os países como o atual grau de inserção técnica na produção de água tornariam os atuais paradigmas explicativos e conceituais acerca do recurso hídrico pouco eficientes para a compreensão destas realidades eleitas para esta análise. O estudo baseou-se na análise evolutiva da história recente de dois contextos que, embora muito distintos, juntos, abrangem quase a totalidade do Oriente Médio, portanto, mais representativos da região. Esta análise pautou-se, em grande parte, pela escola da Geografia Regional, razão pela qual apoiamo-nos em autores como Raoul Blanchard, Emmanuel De Martonne, Paul Vidal de La Blache, W.B. Fisher, Pierre Gourou, Sir Laurence Dudley Stamp, mas também em Max Sorre, citados com frequência ao longo do texto. O primeiro contexto relaciona-se a uma situação de águas compartilhadas, representado pela bacia do rio Eufrates, envolvendo a Turquia (nascentes e alto curso), Síria (médio curso) e Iraque (curso inferior e foz). O segundo contexto refere-se ao Golfo Pérsico, focalizando pelo menos dois países, (Emirados Árabes Unidos e Arábia Saudita), devido sua representatividade na região que se caracteriza, entre outros aspectos, pelo forte estresse hídrico aliado ao alto desenvolvimento tecnológico voltado para a produção de água potável. Metodologicamente, conduzimos esta pesquisa sob a perspectiva hipotético-dedutiva, partindo-se de sentenças gerais dadas pelo paradigma escassez hídrica-conflito e pelo conceito de recurso hídrico. Tais elementos teóricos foram confrontados com a realidade empírica do Oriente Médio e, na busca de sua compreensão, foram falseados. Tecnicamente, apoiamo-nos em análise documental, entrevistas, registros fotográficos, produtos cartográficos e, sobretudo, em extensos trabalhos de campo que forneceram o lastro empírico necessário aos argumentos propostos. Palavras-chave: Recurso hídrico. Conflito. Compartilhamento. ABSTRACT Luis A. B. VENTURI. Oriente Médio: o compartilhamento e a tecnologia revertendo a perspectiva de escassez hídrica e conflitos (tese). São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2011. 285p. When Middle East is the main issue, water plays an important role either by its scarcity or by bringing the idea of conflict, and quite often both sides are intertwined. This logical principle: a dispute, which is derived from scarceness, is widely used and easily understood by anyone who is interested in the region which will eventually become a model of account. Notwithstanding this paradigm must be reviewed once Middle East`s contemporary status quo has swiftly been changed. On one hand, countries which share water, as those in the Euphrates basin, seem to settle agreements leaving behind the specter of conflict. On the other hand, in the Gulf states, technological input in water production voids any likelihood of struggle for water resources given these countries autonomy of supply, requiring from geographers a conceptual review on water as natural resource. Facing the contemporary reality of that region, this research aims prove the need of a theoretical and conceptual revision referring to water. Consequently, we propose an improvement of the paradigm scarceness-conflict and more accuracy of the concept related to water. We oriented the research a general hypothesis that not only the interdependence between countries but also the high level of technological insertion into water production would became the actual theoretical premises insufficient to comprehend those realities chosen to this analysis. This report was based on the evolutive analysis of the recent history of two contexts that although quite distinct, together cover most of the Middle East and therefore better represent the region. This analysis was based, in considerable extent, on Regional Geography school and for this reason, authors as Raoul Blanchard, Emmanuel De Martonne, Paul Vidal de La Blache, W.B. Fisher, Pierre Gourou, Sir Laurence Dudley Stamp, but also Max Sorre, are constantly
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arabian Peninsula from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump to Navigationjump to Search "Arabia" and "Arabian" Redirect Here
    Arabian Peninsula From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see Arabia (disambiguation) and Arabian (disambiguation). Arabian Peninsula Area 3.2 million km2 (1.25 million mi²) Population 77,983,936 Demonym Arabian Countries Saudi Arabia Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Kuwait Qatar Bahrain -shibhu l-jazīrati l ِش ْبهُ ا ْل َج ِزي َرةِ ا ْلعَ َربِيَّة :The Arabian Peninsula, or simply Arabia[1] (/əˈreɪbiə/; Arabic jazīratu l-ʿarab, 'Island of the Arabs'),[2] is َج ِزي َرةُ ا ْلعَ َرب ʿarabiyyah, 'Arabian peninsula' or a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate. From a geographical perspective, it is considered a subcontinent of Asia.[3] It is the largest peninsula in the world, at 3,237,500 km2 (1,250,000 sq mi).[4][5][6][7][8] The peninsula consists of the countries Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[9] The peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Levant to the north and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world due to its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. The most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are Riyadh, Dubai, Jeddah, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Kuwait City, Sanaʽa, and Mecca. Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Red Sea Coast (Tihamah), Central Plateau (Al-Yamama), Indian Ocean Coast (Hadhramaut) and Persian Gulf Coast (Al-Bahrain).
    [Show full text]
  • Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan
    Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan: How this symbiotic alliance established the legitimacy and political longevity of the regime in the process of state-formation, 1914-1946 An Honors Thesis for the Department of Middle Eastern Studies Julie Murray Tufts University, 2018 Acknowledgements The writing of this thesis was not a unilateral effort, and I would be remiss not to acknowledge those who have helped me along the way. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Thomas Abowd, for his encouragement of my academic curiosity this past year, and for all his help in first, making this project a reality, and second, shaping it into (what I hope is) a coherent and meaningful project. His class provided me with a new lens through which to examine political history, and gave me with the impetus to start this paper. I must also acknowledge the role my abroad experience played in shaping this thesis. It was a research project conducted with CET that sparked my interest in political stability in Jordan, so thank you to Ines and Dr. Saif, and of course, my classmates, Lensa, Matthew, and Jackie, for first empowering me to explore this topic. I would also like to thank my parents and my brother, Jonathan, for their continuous support. I feel so lucky to have such a caring family that has given me the opportunity to pursue my passions. Finally, a shout-out to the gals that have been my emotional bedrock and inspiration through this process: Annie, Maya, Miranda, Rachel – I love y’all; thanks for listening to me rant about this all year.
    [Show full text]
  • EASO COI Report Syria Socio-Economic Situation Damascus
    Syria Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Country of Origin Information Report April 2021 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu) PDF ISBN: 978-92-9465-083-2 doi: 10.2847/957835 BZ--09-21-115-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2021 Cover photo: © gertvansanten via iStock by Getty Images, 10 May 2010, 502837234, url. Shopping people at the entrance of the Big Bazaar in Damascus, Syria. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EASO copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Country of origin information report | Syria - Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Acknowledgements This report was drafted by the European Asylum Support Office COI Sector. Additionally, the Country of Origin Information Department of the Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum provided research contributions during the drafting phase of this report by sharing with EASO the English translation of its COI Syria Country Report.1 The following departments and organisations have reviewed the report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department France, Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Information, Documentation and Research Division The Netherlands, Afdeling Ambtsberichten, Ministry of Foreign Affairs It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
    Dipartimento di International Relations Cattedra Mediterranean Studies The Resilience of Arab Monarchies during the Uprisings of 2011 and 2012: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan RELATORE: Professoressa Francesca Corrao CANDIDATO Uberto Marchesi Matricola 626222 CORRELATORE: Professor Marco Mayer ANNO ACCADEMICO 2015 – 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 10 The Birth and Evolution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 12 Ottoman Rule 13 Conflicting Ideologies: Arab Nationalism and Zionism 14 The First World War: The Role of Diplomacy 17 Transjordan 21 The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 25 The Coronation 26 Legitimacy of the regime 27 The Arab Awakenings in the Middle East and North Africa 32 The Boom of Young People 38 Economic and Social Marginalization 39 The Absence of Political Freedom 40 Regress of National Integration Factors 41 The growing role of Foreign and Regional Forces 42 A Comparative Overview 44 2011 – 2012 Jordanian’s Protests 46 Conclusionary Remarks 55 2 CHAPTER 2: LEGITIMACY 56 Monarchies Today 57 Legitimacy of Arab Monarchies 58 The Hashemite King 67 Abdullah II Bin al-Hussein 70 Conclusionary Remarks 78 CHAPTER 3: STABILITY 80 The eye of the cyclone 81 The Effects of the Arab Awakenings in the Stability of the Country 84 Domestic Level 88 Intermestic Level 91 Refugees and Jordan 91 The Threat of Da’esh 93 International Level 97 Neighbors 98 The Pull of the Gulf Cooperation Council 100 Washington, Amman… and Rabat 103 Conclusionary Remarks 108 CONCLUSION 113 Areas for Improvement and Further Studies 114 ANNEX I: GENERAL TIMELINE 117 ANNEX II: LIST OF CURRENT MONARCHIES 123 REFERENCES 127 3 SUMMARY On January 2013, the Kingdom of Jordan had its first elections according to the new electoral law implemented at the end of the rush of protests that shook Jordan and the Middle East during the two previous years.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Intermediaries in Post-2011 Syria Transformation and Continuity Local Intermediaries in Post-2011 Syria Transformation and Continuity
    Local Intermediaries in post-2011 Syria Transformation and Continuity Local Intermediaries in post-2011 Syria Transformation and Continuity Edited by Kheder Khaddour and Kevin Mazur Contributors: Armenak Tokmajyan Ayman Al-Dassouky Hadeel Al-Saidawi Roger Asfar Sana Fadel Published in June 2019 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung P.O. Box 116107 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2210 Lebanon This publication is the product of a capacity building project for Syrian researchers that was designed and implemented by Kheder Khaddour and Kevin Mazur. Each participant conducted independent research and authored a paper under the editors’ supervision. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be printed, reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Layout and Cover Design: Milad Amin Translation and Editing: Hannah Massih, Livia Bergmeijer, Niamh Fleming- Farrell, Rana Sa’adah and Yaaser Azzayyat CONTENTS Building from the Wreckage Intermediaries in Contemporary Syria........................................................4 Kheder Khaddour and Kevin Mazur Politics of Rural Notables...........................................................................21 Armenak Tokmajyan What We Can Learn from the Rise of Local Traders in Syria........................43 Ayman Al-Dassouky Informal State-Society Relations and Family Networks in Rural Idlib..........67 Hadeel Al-Saidawi The Role of the Christian Clergy in Aleppo as Mediators The Nature of Relationships and their Attributes.......................................93 Roger Asfar The Leaders of Damascus The Intermediary Activists in the 2011 Uprising.........................................119 Sana Fadel Building from the Wreckage Intermediaries in Contemporary Syria Kheder Khaddour and Kevin Mazur Seven years of war in Syria have shattered many of the social and political relations that existed before the conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Engendering Refugees' Livelihood Strategies: the Case of the Iraqi
    Engendering refugees’ livelihood strategies: the case of the Iraqi diaspora in Damascus By Giorgio Heinrich neidhardt Fondazione Terre des Hommes Italia Onlus Abstract This study looks at the gender dimension in Iraqis’ livelihood strategies in Syria in the period immediately before the present uprising and repression. It suggests that the lack of resources in Syria has meant that Iraqis have ‘activated’ resources elsewhere, outside Syria and outside the environment of institutional humanitarian assistance, and examines the implications of these transnational practices for Iraqi families and their networks. In the first part of this paper I analyse the characteristics of the host country, starting from the urban milieu in which the refugee communities are situated. I note the relative unimportance of ethnic and sectarian affiliation within the Iraqi diaspora in Syria, and focus on the more significant social and economic constraints on recent refugees following the enforcement by the Syrian government of stricter regulations on entry and stay, and the subsequent separation of families between Iraq and Syria. In the second part I examine the dependence of Iraqi refugees in Syria on family networks to cope with the restrictive measures of the host country on the one hand, and with the conflict in Iraq on the other, in order to comprehend how gender in the Iraqi diaspora in Syria constitutes a determining element with respect to livelihood strategies. Introduction Since 2003 debate has grown among both prac- understood as the circulation of people, repre- titioners and academics on urban displacement sentations, ideas, goods and services across and and gender in the Iraqi diaspora.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary of Modern Arab History Dictionary of Modern Arab History
    DICTIONARY OF MODERN ARAB HISTORY DICTIONARY OF MODERN ARAB HISTORY AN A TO Z OF OVER 2,000 ENTRIES FROM 1798 TO THE PRESENT DAY ROBIN BIDWELL WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY G. REX SMITH ~ ~~~1~;n~~~up LONDON AND NEW YORK First published in 1998 by Kegan Paul International This edition first published in 2010 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint ofthe Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © Estate of Robin Bidwell, 1998 Transferred to Digital Printing 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 10: 0-7103-0505-2 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-7103-0505-3 (hbk) Publisher's Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. The publisher has made every effort to contact original copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace. To Leila, with love PREFACE The publication of the late Robin Bidwell's Dictionary of Modern Arab History comes as good news.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Palestine Dr
    The Evolution of Palestine Dr. Mahdi Abdul Hadi The term ‘entity’ is not used in political terms by historians in discussing the Palestinian history or the evolution of Palestine. We do not hear the term used in relation to Egypt, Iraq or Algeria. Why then is it used for Palestine? Reading the history of the Arab awakening during the Ottoman period, we realize that Palestine and the Palestinians were an integral part of that history; in fact, Palestinian activists were nationalist pioneers in drafting and working for the first Arab national doctrine for freedom and independence. The Arab countries were under Ottoman rule for a period of four centuries, and the Arab National Movement was an inevitable result of the Ottoman oppression, persecution and domination of the Arab people. The roots of the movement can be traced back to the Arab heritage, language and history: this is what made it genuine and gave it its originality and continuity. The first organized political efforts - an expression of Arab identity - were as follows: The 1875 program of a secret society in Beirut: The society called for the recognition of the Arab language as the official language of the Arab countries, for an independent and united Syria and Lebanon and for employing outstanding Arab figures in the internal service of Arab countries. The establishment of the Literary Club (Al-Muntada Al-Adabi) in Istanbul in 1909: The club included in its membership Arab students from higher institutions, literary personalities, and members of parliament. It published a magazine, carrying its name, which dealt with the history, language and aspirations of the Arabs, thus making a significant contribution to the national awakening and to the revival of Arab glories.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    11701_Black_2p_bindex.a.qxd 8/23/04 10:12 AM Page 451 INDEX A Ake, Commandant, 45 Abadan refinery,133, 170, 173 Akkadians, 21 Abbas, Abdul, 36 Aleppo, 73, 74, 75, 77 Abbas I, Shah, 65 pasha of, 84, 85, 86 East India Company alliance with, Ali, 33–36 72–73 rebellion against, 34 Abbasid dynasty,36–38 Ali, Rashid, 311, 312, 314, 341 Abdulhamid II, Sultan (Abdul the elimination of, 316, 318–319 Damned), 103–104, 109–110, 111, relationship with Third Reich, 117, 119, 121, 124–125, 127, 129, 315–316 130, 230–231, 280 Ali Mosque, 3, 4, 6–7, 79, 374–375. See dethroning of, 131 also Najaf Abdullah, King, 178, 240, 252, 254 Al Istiqlal editorials, 315 Abraham (Abram), 23, 26–27 Allah, 29, 30 “Absolute neutrality,” 315 All-India Moslem League, 311 Accounting systems, ancient, 17–20 “Almost facts,” xix–xx Ades, Shafiq, 346 Al Qaeda network, 373 Admiralty’s Oil Fuel Committee, 119 Alwand oil refinery,326 Affan, Caliph Uthman ibn, 32–33 Al Zawra newspaper, 108 Afghanistan, 76 Am al-Nakba, 246 Africa. See also South Africa America, 70. See also United States Ottoman Empire in, 56 oil consumption by,264 sea-lanes around,COPYRIGHTED 54 oil exported MATERIAL from, 98 African and Eastern Concessions, 139 oil for England from, 173 Age of Enlightenment, 70, 88 petroleum business in, 104–105 Age of Exploration, 52–53 Seven Years’ War and, 74 Ahab, King, 27–28 American oil company syndicate, 269 al-Ahd, 175, 176, 180 American oil interests, 262–263 Ahmet I, Sultan, 66–67 American oil policy,265–266, 267–271 Air operations, British, 257–258 American Petroleum Institute, 263, Aisha, 33 268 in Battle of the Camel, 34 Amorites, 22 451 11701_Black_2p_bindex.a.qxd 8/23/04 10:12 AM Page 452 Index 452 Anatolia, 52, 53–54, 56.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Preservation, Discourses of Modernity, and Lived
    Copyright by Faedah Maria Totah 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Faedah Maria Totah Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: HISTORIC PRESERVATION, DISCOURSES OF MODERNITY, AND LIVED EXPERIENCES IN THE OLD CITY OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA Committee: Richard Flores, Supervisor Deborah Kapchan, Co-Supervisor Kamran Ali John Hartigan, Jr. Christopher Long HISTORIC PRESERVATION, DISCOURSES OF MODERNITY, AND LIVED EXPERIENCES IN THE OLD CITY OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA by Faedah Maria Totah, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2006 Dedication To my parents: Musa Ibrahim Totah (1939-1994) Suad Sahouria Totah (1937-2003) Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my committee members Richard Flores, Deborah Kapchan, Kamran Ali, John Hartigan, Jr., and Christopher Long who at different times and in various ways guided me through the process of graduate school and dissertation writing. Funds for this research were made possible by the IIE Fulbright Award (2001- 2002) and the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Award (2003-2004). I would like to thank Mary Alice Davila who coordinated the Fulbright-Hays Award at The University of Texas at Austin. In Syria I was fortunate to meet wonderful and generous people who helped in many ways, not only in making this research possible but in guiding me through the intricacies of life there. I especially want to mention Dr. Kharieh Kasmieh, Sarab Atassi, Jens Damborg, Sa’d Hamoudeh, AbduRaouf Adawan, Sahar Hassibi, Stephanie Kock, Jacques Montlucon, Simone Ricci, Samer Kozah, Ivy Po, and Nell Gabiam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab Awakening the Story of the Arab National Movement
    THE ARAB AWAKENING THE STORY OF THE ARAB NATIONAL MOVEMENT by GEORGE ANTONIUS •• Arise, ye Arabs, and awake! Ode by Ibrahim Yazeji. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK. TORONTO Copyright, 1939, by J. B. Lippincott Company Made in the United States of America To CHARLES R. CRANE, aptly nicknamed Harun al-Rashia', affectionately. CONTENTS PACE Foreword - - - - - - - ix CHAPTER I T he Background - - - - - - 13 1. - The background. 2.- Geographical setting. 3.- Arab­ isation and Islamisation. 4 .- The Arab world defined. 5 .- The Turkish conquest. CHAPTER II A False Start - - - - - - - 21 1. - Mehemed-'Ali in Egypt and the Wahhabi movement. 2. - His conquest of Syria. 3 .- His plan for an Arab empire. 4 .- Ibrahim Pasha in Syria. 5 .- Palmerston’s opposition. 6 .- National consciousness non-existent. 7 .- T h e plan fails. CHAPTER III T he St a r t : 1847-68 ------ 35 1 .- First missionaries in Syria. 2 .- Educational beginnings. 3 . - Egyptian system. 4 . - American activities. 5 . - Catho­ lic activities. 6 . - Nasif Yazeji. 7--Butrus Biustani. 8 .- The first literary societies. 9 .- The earliest patriotic ode. 10.- Historical retrospect. CHAPTER IV T he H amidian D espotism: 1876-1908 - - - 61 1 Deposition of ‘Abdul-‘Aziz. 2 .- The Constitution of 1876. 3 .- The Sultan’s Arab possessions. 4 .- Foundations of ‘Abdul-Hamid’s rule. 5 .- His Islamic policy. 6 .- The Hejaz Railway. 7 .- The growth of German influence. iii c o n ten ts— continued CHAPTER V PACK T he Infant M ovement: 1868-1908 - 79 1 . - The Bairnt secret society. 2 . - Its proclamations. 3 .- Its effect on the movement of ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
    Part 5 Urban and Cultural Heritage The Study on Urban Planning for Sustainable Development of Damascus Metropolitan Area in the Syrian Arab Republic Final Report Volume 4 Sector Report Part 5 Urban and Cultural Heritage Contents Page Chapter 1 Historical Development ..........................................................................1-1 Chapter 2 Cultural Structure of the Damascus City .............................................2-1 2.1 Kurds................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Circassians........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Armenians ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 Palestinian Refugees ........................................................................................... 2-2 2.5 Moroccans........................................................................................................... 2-2 2.6 Turks.................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.7 Minorities and Others.......................................................................................... 2-2 Chapter 3 Historical Areas in the Damascus City..................................................3-1 3.1 Walled Old City................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Al Salihiyeh........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]