DOCSLIB.ORG

EASO COI Report Syria Socio-Economic Situation Damascus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EASO COI Report Syria Socio-Economic Situation Damascus Syria Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Country of Origin Information Report April 2021 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu) PDF ISBN: 978-92-9465-083-2 doi: 10.2847/957835 BZ--09-21-115-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office, 2021 Cover photo: © gertvansanten via iStock by Getty Images, 10 May 2010, 502837234, url. Shopping people at the entrance of the Big Bazaar in Damascus, Syria. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EASO copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Country of origin information report | Syria - Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Acknowledgements This report was drafted by the European Asylum Support Office COI Sector. Additionally, the Country of Origin Information Department of the Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum provided research contributions during the drafting phase of this report by sharing with EASO the English translation of its COI Syria Country Report.1 The following departments and organisations have reviewed the report: Austria, Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country of Origin Information Department France, Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Information, Documentation and Research Division The Netherlands, Afdeling Ambtsberichten, Ministry of Foreign Affairs It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. 1 Austria, BFA Staatendokumentation [Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum – COI Unit], Country Report on Syria [Updated 22.01.2021], Available from BFA Staatendokumentation 3 Country of origin information report | Syria - Socio-economic situation: Damascus city Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Disclaimer................................................................................................................................................ 6 Glossary and abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Quality control .................................................................................................................................... 8 Sources ............................................................................................................................................... 8 Structure and use of the report .......................................................................................................... 9 Map ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1. City overview ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Demographics and ethno-religious composition ....................................................................... 11 1.2 National context: humanitarian situation and assistance .......................................................... 12 1.3 Displacement and return ............................................................................................................ 17 1.4 Situation of Covid-19 .................................................................................................................. 21 2. Internal mobility ................................................................................................................................ 23 2.1 Airports and flight connections .................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Freedom of movement ............................................................................................................... 24 2.2.1 Return to Syria ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.3 Travel by road and through checkpoints in Damascus ........................................................... 27 2.3.1 Number and location of checkpoints .................................................................................. 27 2.3.2 Procedures at checkpoints .................................................................................................. 28 2.3.3 Treatment at checkpoints ................................................................................................... 28 2.3.4 Factors influencing scrutiny at checkpoints ........................................................................ 30 2.3.5 Damascus International Airport and Damascus-Beirut roads ............................................. 31 2.3.6 Neighbourhoods of Damascus with limited access ............................................................. 31 2.3.7 Settling in Damascus ........................................................................................................... 33 2.4 Civil documentation .................................................................................................................... 35 3. Key socio-economic indicators ......................................................................................................... 38 3.1 Economic overview ..................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.1 Economic situation .............................................................................................................. 38 4 Country of origin information report | Syria - Socio-economic situation: Damascus city 3.1.2 Impact of economic sanctions............................................................................................. 38 3.1.3 Impact of COVID-19 ............................................................................................................. 39 3.2 Employment ............................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.1 Employment and unemployment ....................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Means of basic subsistence ................................................................................................. 40 3.3 Poverty ........................................................................................................................................ 41 3.4 Food security .............................................................................................................................. 42 3.4.1 Availability of food .............................................................................................................. 42 3.4.2 Food security levels ............................................................................................................. 43 3.5 Housing, water and sanitation .................................................................................................... 44 3.5.1 Availability of housing ......................................................................................................... 44 3.5.2 Reconstruction projects ...................................................................................................... 45 3.5.3 Legal issues affecting the housing situation ........................................................................ 46 3.5.4 Availability of water and sanitation .................................................................................... 47 3.6 Health care .................................................................................................................................. 47 3.6.1 Availability and access to treatment and medicines ........................................................... 47 3.6.2 Healthcare facilities capacity and quality ............................................................................ 48 3.6.3 Impact of COVID-19 ............................................................................................................. 49 3.7 Education .................................................................................................................................... 51 3.7.1 Legal background ................................................................................................................ 51 3.7.2 Availability of education ...................................................................................................... 51 3.7.3 Access to education............................................................................................................. 52 Annex I: Bibliography ...........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Syria and Repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP
    30.11.2012 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 330/21 DECISIONS COUNCIL DECISION 2012/739/CFSP of 29 November 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Syria and repealing Decision 2011/782/CFSP THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be particular Article 29 thereof, prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories. Whereas: The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph. (1) On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted Decision 2011/782/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria ( 1 ). 3. It shall be prohibited to: (2) On the basis of a review of Decision 2011/782/CFSP, the (a) provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering Council has concluded that the restrictive measures services or other services related to the items referred to in should be renewed until 1 March 2013. paragraphs 1 and 2 or related to the provision, manu­ facture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, (3) Furthermore, it is necessary to update the list of persons Syria; and entities subject to restrictive measures as set out in Annex I to Decision 2011/782/CFSP. (b) provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraphs 1 (4) For the sake of clarity, the measures imposed under and 2, including in particular grants, loans and export credit Decision 2011/273/CFSP should be integrated into a insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, single legal instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • Bi-Weekly Update Whole of Syria
    BI-WEEKLY UPDATE WHOLE OF SYRIA Issue 5 | 1 - 15 March 2021 1 SYRIA BI-WEEKLY SITUATION REPORT – ISSUE 5 | 1 – 15 MARCH 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. COVID-19 UPDATE ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. COVID-19 STATISTICAL SUMMARY AT WHOLE OF SYRIA LEVEL .............................................................................................. 1 1.2. DAILY DISTRIBUTION OF COVID-19 CASES AND CUMULATIVE CFR AT WHOLE OF SYRIA LEVEL .................................................... 1 1.3. DISTRIBUTION OF COVID-19 CASES AND DEATHS AT WHOLE OF SYRIA LEVEL ........................................................................... 2 1.4. DISTRIBUTION OF COVID-19 CASES AND DEATHS BY GOVERNORATE AND OUTCOME ................................................................. 2 2. WHO RESPONSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1. HEALTH SECTOR COORDINATION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ................................................................................................ 3 2.3. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE (CD) .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNRWA-Weekly-Syria-Crisis-Report
    UNRWA Weekly Syria Crisis Report, 15 July 2013 REGIONAL OVERVIEW Conflict is increasingly encroaching on UNRWA camps with shelling and clashes continuing to take place near to and within a number of camps. A reported 8 Palestine Refugees (PR) were killed in Syria this week as a result including 1 UNRWA staff member, highlighting their unique vulnerability, with refugee camps often theatres of war. At least 44,000 PR homes have been damaged by conflict and over 50% of all registered PR are now displaced, either within Syria or to neighbouring countries. Approximately 235,000 refugees are displaced in Syria with over 200,000 in Damascus, around 6600 in Aleppo, 4500 in Latakia, 3050 in Hama, 6400 in Homs and 13,100 in Dera’a. 71,000 PR from Syria (PRS) have approached UNRWA for assistance in Lebanon and 8057 (+120 from last week) in Jordan. UNRWA tracks reports of PRS in Egypt, Turkey, Gaza and UNHCR reports up to 1000 fled to Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. 1. SYRIA Displacement UNRWA is sheltering over 8317 Syrians (+157 from last week) in 19 Agency facilities with a near identical increase with the previous week. Of this 6986 (84%, +132 from last week and nearly triple the increase of the previous week) are PR (see table 1). This follows a fairly constant trend since April ranging from 8005 to a high of 8400 in May. The number of IDPs in UNRWA facilities has not varied greatly since the beginning of the year with the lowest figure 7571 recorded in early January. A further 4294 PR (+75 from last week whereas the week before was ‐3) are being sheltered in 10 non‐ UNRWA facilities in Aleppo, Latakia and Damascus.
    [Show full text]
  • Into the Tunnels
    REPORT ARAB POLITICS BEYOND THE UPRISINGS Into the Tunnels The Rise and Fall of Syria’s Rebel Enclave in the Eastern Ghouta DECEMBER 21, 2016 — ARON LUND PAGE 1 In the sixth year of its civil war, Syria is a shattered nation, broken into political, religious, and ethnic fragments. Most of the population remains under the control of President Bashar al-Assad, whose Russian- and Iranian-backed Baʻath Party government controls the major cities and the lion’s share of the country’s densely populated coastal and central-western areas. Since the Russian military intervention that began in September 2015, Assad’s Syrian Arab Army and its Shia Islamist allies have seized ground from Sunni Arab rebel factions, many of which receive support from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey, or the United States. The government now appears to be consolidating its hold on key areas. Media attention has focused on the siege of rebel-held Eastern Aleppo, which began in summer 2016, and its reconquest by government forces in December 2016.1 The rebel enclave began to crumble in November 2016. Losing its stronghold in Aleppo would be a major strategic and symbolic defeat for the insurgency, and some supporters of the uprising may conclude that they have been defeated, though violence is unlikely to subside. However, the Syrian government has also made major strides in another besieged enclave, closer to the capital. This area, known as the Eastern Ghouta, is larger than Eastern Aleppo both in terms of area and population—it may have around 450,000 inhabitants2—but it has gained very little media interest.
    [Show full text]
  • SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
    SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 6187 930 2751 violence Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 2 Battles 2465 1111 4206 Strategic developments 1517 2 2 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 1389 760 997 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 449 2 4 Riots 55 4 15 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 12062 2809 7975 Disclaimer 9 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data.
    [Show full text]
  • Syria Crisis Response Annual Report 2013
    syria crisis response annual report 2013 UNRWA would like to thank the following donors for their support to the UNRWA Syria Crisis Response Appeal, January-December 2013: • AUSTRALIA • BULGARIA • CZECH REPUBLIC • DENMARK • EC INCLUDING ECHO • FRANCE • GERMANY • GERMANY KFW • HUNGARY • ICELAND • IRELAND © UNRWA 2014 • ITALY About UNRWA • JAPAN UNRWA is a United Nations agency established by the General • KUWAIT Assembly in 1949 and is mandated to provide assistance and • NETHERLANDS protection to a population of some 5 million registered Palestine • NEW ZEALAND refugees. Its mission is to help Palestine refugees in Jordan, • NORWAY Lebanon, Syria, West Bank and the Gaza Strip to achieve their full • SPAIN (INCLUDING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS) potential in human development, pending a just solution to their • SWEDEN plight. UNRWA’s services encompass education, health care, • SWITZERLAND relief and social services, camp infrastructure and improvement, • UK microfinance and emergency assistance. UNRWA is funded • USA almost entirely by voluntary contributions. • CERF • OCHA (ERF) Cover photo: Two boys in an IDP collective shelter in Jaramana • UNICEF camp, Damascus. © Carole al Farah / UNRWA Archives. • AMERICAN FRIENDS OF UNRWA • CAN FOUNDATION (CAJA NAVARRA FOUNDATION), SPAIN • EDUCATION ABOVE ALL FOUNDATION- EDUCATE A CHILD PROGRAM, QATAR • HUMAN APPEAL INTERNATIONAL, UAE • ISLAMIC RELIEF, USA • LES AMIS DE LIBAN À MONACO • QATAR RED CRESCENT SOCIETY • REPSOL FOUNDATION, SPAIN • SAP, MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA • SAUDI COMMITTEE • SOS CHILDREN’S
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly OTP July 2019
    Monthly OTP July 2019 ON-TIME PERFORMANCE AIRLINES Contents On-Time is percentage of flights that depart or arrive within 15 minutes of schedule. Global OTP rankings are only assigned to all Airlines/Airports where OAG has status coverage for at least 80% of the scheduled flights. Regional Airlines Status coverage will only be based on actual gate times rather than estimated times. This July result in some airlines / airports being excluded from this report. If you would like to review your flight status feed with OAG pleas [email protected] MAKE SMARTER MOVES Airline Monthly OTP – July 2019 Page 1 of 1 Home GLOBAL AIRLINES – TOP 50 AND BOTTOM 50 TOP AIRLINE ON-TIME FLIGHTS On-time performance BOTTOM AIRLINE ON-TIME FLIGHTS On-time performance Airline Arrivals Rank No. flights Size Airline Arrivals Rank No. flights Size SATA International-Azores GA Garuda Indonesia 93.9% 1 13,798 52 S4 30.8% 160 833 253 Airlines S.A. XL LATAM Airlines Ecuador 92.0% 2 954 246 ZI Aigle Azur 47.8% 159 1,431 215 HD AirDo 90.2% 3 1,806 200 OA Olympic Air 50.6% 158 7,338 92 3K Jetstar Asia 90.0% 4 2,514 168 JU Air Serbia 51.6% 157 3,302 152 CM Copa Airlines 90.0% 5 10,869 66 SP SATA Air Acores 51.8% 156 1,876 196 7G Star Flyer 89.8% 6 1,987 193 A3 Aegean Airlines 52.1% 155 5,446 114 BC Skymark Airlines 88.9% 7 4,917 122 WG Sunwing Airlines Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Arabian Peninsula from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump to Navigationjump to Search "Arabia" and "Arabian" Redirect Here
    Arabian Peninsula From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search "Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see Arabia (disambiguation) and Arabian (disambiguation). Arabian Peninsula Area 3.2 million km2 (1.25 million mi²) Population 77,983,936 Demonym Arabian Countries Saudi Arabia Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Kuwait Qatar Bahrain -shibhu l-jazīrati l ِش ْبهُ ا ْل َج ِزي َرةِ ا ْلعَ َربِيَّة :The Arabian Peninsula, or simply Arabia[1] (/əˈreɪbiə/; Arabic jazīratu l-ʿarab, 'Island of the Arabs'),[2] is َج ِزي َرةُ ا ْلعَ َرب ʿarabiyyah, 'Arabian peninsula' or a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate. From a geographical perspective, it is considered a subcontinent of Asia.[3] It is the largest peninsula in the world, at 3,237,500 km2 (1,250,000 sq mi).[4][5][6][7][8] The peninsula consists of the countries Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[9] The peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the Red Sea between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Levant to the north and the Indian Ocean to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical geopolitical role in the Arab world due to its vast reserves of oil and natural gas. The most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are Riyadh, Dubai, Jeddah, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Kuwait City, Sanaʽa, and Mecca. Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Red Sea Coast (Tihamah), Central Plateau (Al-Yamama), Indian Ocean Coast (Hadhramaut) and Persian Gulf Coast (Al-Bahrain).
    [Show full text]
  • Trend of COVID‐19 I.R. IRAN Update 398 / 23 March 2021
    No. 398 / 23 March 2021 New Lab Total Lab Confirmed Cases New Deaths Confirmed Cases Total Recoveries Total Deaths IRAN 7,290 74 1,815,712 1,555,766 61,951 Trend of COVID‐19 I.R. IRAN Update Daily Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases, 19 February 2020 - 23 March 2021 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 19-Feb-20 4-Apr-20 19-May-20 3-Jul-20 17-Aug-20 1-Oct-20 15-Nov-20 30-Dec-20 13-Feb-21 30-Mar-21 Daily Confirmed COVID-19 Deaths, 19 February 2020 - 23 March 2021 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 19-Feb-20 4-Apr-20 19-May-20 3-Jul-20 17-Aug-20 1-Oct-20 15-Nov-20 30-Dec-20 13-Feb-21 30-Mar-21 COVID-19 Cumulative Laboratory-Confirmed Cases and Recoveries, 19 February 2020 - 23 March 2021 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 20-Feb-20 05-Apr-20 20-May-20 04-Jul-20 18-Aug-20 02-Oct-20 16-Nov-20 31-Dec-20 14-Feb-21 31-Mar-21 Cumula�ve Cases Cumula�ve Recoveries Coronaviru��Update Islamic Republic of Iran| Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | 23 March 2021 2 COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care, 26 March 2020 - 23 March 2021 6,500 6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 0 26-Mar-20 10-May-20 24-Jun-20 08-Aug-20 22-Sep-20 06-Nov-20 21-Dec-20 04-Feb-21 21-Mar-21 Laboratory Tests Update (Na�onal COVID­19 Laboratory Network) Total Number of Daily COVID-19 PCR Tests 69,000 67,000 65,000 63,000 61,000 59,000 57,000 55,000 53,000 51,000 49,000 47,000 45,000 43,000 41,000 39,000 37,000 35,000 33,000 31,000 29,000 27,000 25,000 23,000 21,000 19,000 17,000 15,000 13,000 11,000 9,000 0 12-Apr-20 27-May-20 11-Jul-20 25-Aug-20 09-Oct-20 23-Nov-20 07-Jan-21 21-Feb-21 07-Apr-21 Total cumulative laboratory tests as of today is 12,284,847.
    [Show full text]
  • Syria 2014 Human Rights Report
    SYRIA 2014 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The authoritarian regime of President Bashar Asad has ruled the Syrian Arab Republic since 2000. The regime routinely violated the human rights of its citizens as the country witnessed major political conflict. The regime’s widespread use of deadly military force to quell peaceful civil protests calling for reform and democracy precipitated a civil war in 2012, leading to armed groups taking control of major parts of the country. In government-controlled areas, Asad makes key decisions with counsel from a small number of military and security advisors, ministers, and senior members of the ruling Baath (Arab Socialist Renaissance) Party. The constitution mandates the primacy of Baath Party leaders in state institutions and society. Asad and Baath party leaders dominated all three branches of government. In June, for the first time in decades, the Baath Party permitted multi-candidate presidential elections (in contrast to single-candidate referendums administered in previous elections), but the campaign and election were neither free nor fair by international standards. The election resulted in a third seven-year term for Asad. The geographically limited 2012 parliamentary elections, won by the Baath Party, were also neither free nor fair, and several opposition groups boycotted them. The government maintained effective control over its uniformed military, police, and state security forces but did not consistently maintain effective control over paramilitary, nonuniformed proregime militias such as the National Defense Forces, the “Bustan Charitable Association,” or “shabiha,” which often acted autonomously without oversight or direction from the government. The civil war continued during the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly OTP November 2019
    Monthly OTP November 2019 ON-TIME PERFORMANCE AIRLINES Contents On-Time is percentage of flights that depart or arrive within 15 minutes of schedule. Global OTP rankings are only assigned to all Airlines/Airports where OAG has status coverage for at least 80% of the scheduled flights. Regional Airlines Status coverage will only be based on actual gate times rather than estimated times. This may result in some airlines / airports being excluded from this report. If you would like to review your flight status feed with OAG, please email [email protected] MAKE SMARTER MOVES Airline Monthly OTP – November 2019 Page 1 of 1 Home GLOBAL AIRLINES – TOP 50 AND BOTTOM 50 TOP AIRLINE ON-TIME FLIGHTS On-time performance BOTTOM AIRLINE ON-TIME FLIGHTS On-time performance Airline Arrivals Rank No. flights Size Airline Arrivals Rank No. flights Size JH Fuji Dream Airlines 96.5% 1 2,340 155 3H Air Inuit 37.2% 162 1,465 196 GA Garuda Indonesia 95.8% 2 12,736 48 AI Air India 40.1% 161 16,509 38 RC Atlantic Airways Faroe Islands 95.0% 3 210 295 WG Sunwing Airlines Inc. 50.3% 160 905 225 7G Star Flyer 94.0% 4 2,160 164 WO Swoop 53.4% 159 919 222 EW Eurowings 93.4% 5 15,608 40 SG SpiceJet 54.3% 158 18,288 33 SATA International-Azores 6J Solaseed 93.3% 6 2,226 161 S4 54.5% 157 448 260 Airlines S.A. XQ SunExpress 93.3% 7 3,115 135 IW Wings Air 54.7% 156 11,242 55 TA TACA International Airlines 92.8% 8 374 272 JY Intercaribbean Airways Ltd 56.1% 155 1,760 184 FA Safair 92.6% 9 2,250 159 JT Lion Air 58.0% 154 17,320 34 B7 Uni Airways 92.5% 10 4,132 123 BJ Nouvelair
    [Show full text]
  • Crimes Against Humanity in Syria Systematic Torture to Quell Public Dissent
    Crimes against Humanity in Syria Systematic Torture to Quell Public Dissent Report submitted to the Committee against Torture in the context of the special review of the Syrian Arab Republic 20 April 2012 Alkarama recalls that it concentrates its work on four priority areas: extrajudicial executions, enforced and involuntary disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention. We base our work primarily on the documented individual cases we submit to UN Special Procedures and Treaty Bodies, as well as our contacts with local actors including victims, their families, lawyers and human rights defenders. Alkarama – 2bis Chemin des Vignes – 1209 Geneva – Switzerland +41 22 734 10 06 – F +41 22 734 10 34 - Email: [email protected] – Url: www.alkarama.org Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 ERUPTION OF DEMONSTRATIONS AND EXCESSIVE STATE REACTION ................................................................................. 3 1.2 PATTERNS OF COLLECTIVE REPRESSION..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]