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Bulletin De Liaison Et D'information INSTITUT KUDE RPARD IS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information N°365 AOUT 2015 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (DGCID) et du Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (FASILD) ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 365 août 2015 • KURDISTAN D’IRAK : CRISE POLITIQUE AUTOUR DU MANDAT PRÉSIDENTIEL • TURQUIE : VERS DES ÉLECTIONS ANTICIPÉES DANS UN CLIMAT DE TENSION • SYRIE : DÉSACCORD TURCO-AMÉRICAIN SUR LA CRÉATION D’UNE ZONE-TAMPON • CULTURE : EXÉCUTION DE L’ARCHÉOLOGUE KHALED ASAAD KURDISTAN D’IRAK : CRISE POLITIQUE AUTOUR DU MANDAT PRÉSIDENTIEL lors que le mandat pré - démocratique du Kurdistan de sants au PDK souhaitent au sidentiel, déjà prolongé Massoud Barzani demandant à contraire que le président soit A de 2 ans, devait expirer ce que le président soit reconduit dorénavant désigné par le le 19 août, le 1er août, la dans ses fonctions deux années Parlement. Cour de Cassation du supplémentaires, en avançant Kurdistan d’Irak, constatant que la situation de guerre et la Les réunions, rencontres et qu’aucune solution ni compro - crise des réfugiés ne permet - débats se sont succédés sans mis à la crise politique n’avaient taient pas la tenue d’élections relâche tout l’été, mais sans pu être atteints par les parlemen - dans le pays. Les partis oppo - grand résultat non plus et le 4 taires et les partis politiques, a sants, surtout l’UPK et Gorran, août, alors que le bruit courait déclaré qu’elle trancherait elle- refusent cette reconduction, qu’un accord avait pu être même la question si cette derniè - qu’ils qualifient d’anticonstitu - atteint, Imad Ahmed, un porte- re lui était soumise et que « sa tionnelle, mais peinent à trouver parole de l’UPK, déclarait à conclusion serait décisive », un candidat de poids pour succé - Reuters qu’aucune des réunions selon le porte-parole de la Cour, der à Massoud Barzani. Aussi, ils entre les partis politiques n’avait Omed Muhsin. tentent de modifier la loi électo - abouti à approuver l’extension rale qui, actuellement, énonce du mandat présidentiel, comme Les débats n’ont en effet pas que le président est élu au suffra - certaines agences de presse avancé d’un pouce, le Parti ge direct : quatre partis oppo - l’avaient annoncé, et que la posi - • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d’information n° 365 • apût 2015 tion de l’UPK, à cet égard, ne Premier Ministre du Kurdistan et élections anticipées. L’agence changeait pas : le parlement un des dirigeants de l’UPK, a Shafaaq News a fait état, le 16 devait désigner le président et pour sa part exprimé sur NRT août, d’une source « proche de approuver le gouvernement. TV, une chaîne kurde, des vues Gorran » indiquant que pessimistes sur la crise politique Nawshirwan Mustafa, son lea - Pour sa part, le parti Gorran a que traverse le Kurdistan, esti - der, se présenterait à la présiden - affirmé qu’à l’expiration du mant qu’elle n’était que « le som - ce. Selon cette même source, les mandat présidentiel, le 19 août, met de l’iceberg », si l’on prenait trois autres partis opposés au le président du parlement du en compte la récession écono - PDK sur cette question, l’UPK et Kurdistan, Youssif Muhammad mique et le manque de budget les deux partis islamistes n’envi - Sadiq (membre de ce parti), auxquels la Région doit faire face sageraient pas de présenter un devait prendre la présidence en et que l’actuel système de gou - candidat pour affronter Massoud intérim à partir du 20 août, jus - vernement n’était pas adapté à la Barzani. Il est vrai que l’UPK, qu’à la tenue de nouvelles élec - situation : « Il faut donner autori - fortement divisée en factions tions. Mais si cette disposition té au Ministre des Peshmerga et internes et personnalités rivales peut paraître légale, on voit mal au chef d’état-major pour peinerait à s’accorder sur un can - ce politicien de carrière, qui n’a refondre les forces Peshmergas didat, et les partis religieux, qui jamais été Peshmerga ni assumé et en faire une institution natio - servaient surtout aux votes pro - une quelconque fonction militai - nale. Les militaires de la Région testataires contre les grands par - re, diriger un pays en guerre et sont actuellement partagés en tis, vont peut-être pâtir d’une surtout ses armées, d’autant que deux forces distinctes, chacune méfiance envers les mouvements les forces des Peshmergas sont sous le contrôle des deux partis islamistes, bien que leurs diri - issus à une écrasante majorité principaux, l’Union patriotique geants se soient engagés contre des partis du PDK et de l’UPK. du Kurdistan et le Parti démo - Daesh. cratique du Kurdistan. » La Le 10 août, Massoud Barzani a même réforme doit s’appliquer Mais en attendant la tenue de ces de nouveau appelé à la tenue aux Asayish (services de rensei - élections, la question du pouvoir d’élections qui trancheraient la gnement et de sécurité). Le intérimaire se pose dans les question du nouveau président ministre de l’Intérieur doit for - mêmes termes : le président sor - par la voix des urnes, si les négo - mer une institution nationale à tant doit-il continuer d’exercer ciations politiques n’aboutis - partir des différents bureaux, ses fonctions jusque-là, ? C’est ce saient à rien. Concernant la réfor - tout aussi affiliés politiquement qu’a recommandé le 18 août le me constitutionnelle et la ques - aux deux grands partis. Conseil consultatif (Shura) du tion d’un régime parlementaire Kurdistan dont les avis rendus ou présidentiel, le président n’ont cependant pas force de kurde a insisté sur la nécessité De leur côté, les minorités reli - lois, comme l’a rappelé Yousif d’un référendum, en accusant, gieuses s’inquiètent d’une insta - Sadiq, le président du parlement dans une déclaration publiée sur bilité politique qui met en dan - qui revendique pour lui-même le site Internet de la présidence, ger la seule région où ils bénéfi - cet intérim. Selon ce Conseil, « si les partisans d’un changement cient d’un asile sûr leur garantis - les partis politiques ne parvien - de régime de ne chercher « que sant la liberté de culte. Six de nent pas à un accord, Massoud leurs propres intérêts ». Il assure leurs députés ont ainsi diffusé Barzani devrait rester président par ailleurs que ses récentes une déclaration invitant tous les deux années supplémentaires. » tournées diplomatiques aux partis politiques à s’entendre États-Unis et en Europe lui ont avant le 19 août, sinon à laisser Au contraire, le parti Gorran a donné bon espoir en ce qui Massoud Barzani rester au pou - déclaré le 19 août, que le mandat concerne la question de l’indé - voir. Ils demandent aussi aux 5 présidentiel prenait fin ce jour pendance, mais que la crise poli - partis politiques majeurs de ne même et que le président du tique actuelle peut compro - pas laisser les petits partis en Parlement assumerait ce rôle mettre le processus. Enfin, si le dehors des discussions. pour 60 jours jusqu’aux élec - régime actuel de la Région du tions. Youssef Sadiq a convoqué Kurdistan est parlementaire, le Finalement, au fur et mesure que les députés à une réunion d’ur - fait que le président soit élu au la date limite du 19 août appro - gence, espérant peut-être que le suffrage universel lui semble chait, et qu’il devenait clair parlement approuverait sa prise « préférable ». qu’aucune solution ne serait de fonction, mais le quorum de trouvée, l’UPK et Gorran se sont 56 députés n’a pu être atteint, 53 Le 12 août, Barham Salih, ancien dit respectivement prêts à des parlementaires étant présents. n° 365 • août 2015 Bulletin de liaison et d’information • 3• Bien que le président du Grande-Bretagne et les Nations bon moment pour des réformes, Parlement ait retardé la session Unies, et il semble que alors que le Kurdistan affrontait d’une heure, espérant des Nawshirwan Mustafa, le leader l’État islamique et qu’il ne pou - venues de dernière minute, seuls de Gorran l’avait aussi accepté. vait guère faire face à d’autres 24 députés du parti Gorran, 18 problèmes […] les représentants de l’UPK, 6 du Groupe islamique Plus important qu’une session des États-Unis et du Royaume et 5 de l’Union islamique du parlementaire avortée, la Uni ont dit que si les Kurdes se Kurdistan ont siégé à l’assem - réunion à Erbil de 16 partis poli - laissaient distraire par des pro - blée. Les députés du PDK et les tiques la veille, le18 août, pour blèmes internes, ils n’auraient représentants des chrétiens et débattre de la prolongation de la plus leur soutien dans la guerre des Turkmènes ont boycotté la présidence pour une durée de contre l’État islamique. » session, ainsi que quelques petits deux ans, avaient aussi pour par - partis et 5 membres de l’Union ticipants Brett H. McGurk, le Le 30 août, une autre réunion islamique. représentant des États-Unis en cette fois entre les cinq princi - Irak et Frank Baker, l’ambassa - paux partis kurdes s’est déroulée Une des raisons pour lesquelles deur de Grande-Bretagne.
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