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Transnational Heritage and Cultural Policies in the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR)

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Transnational Heritage and Cultural Policies in the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) Transnational heritage and cultural policies in the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) Routes4U | 11 Routes4U Project Transnational heritage and cultural policies in the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) Routes4U | 11 Council of Europe The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of this document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). All other correspondence concerning this document should be addressed to the Directorate General Democracy, Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes. Cover: Documents and Publications Production Department (SPDP), Council of Europe Layout: Jouve, Paris Cover photos: Masimo Telò and Pixabay © Council of Europe, March 2020 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents FOREWORDS 5 PART I – CULTURAL ROUTES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE ADRIATIC AND IONIAN REGION (EUSAIR) 7 CULTURAL ROUTES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE ADRIATIC AND IONIAN REGION (EUSAIR) BY CONSTANZE METZGER 9 Council of Europe and Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe 9 European Union and EU Strategy for the Adriatic-Ionian Region (EUSAIR) 11 Joint Programme Routes4U 15 Cultural Routes in the Adriatic and Ionian Region 17 Development of new Cultural Routes 19 STUDY ON TRANSNATIONAL HERITAGE AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ADRIATIC AND IONIAN REGION (EUSAIR) 21 Methodological approach 21 Executive summary 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 PART II – STUDY ON TRANSNATIONAL HERITAGE AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ADRIATIC AND IONIAN REGION 27 STUDY ON TRANSNATIONAL HERITAGE AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN THE ADRIATIC AND IONIAN REGION (EUSAIR) BY GIUSEPPE SETTANNI 29 Contribution of tourism to GDP 29 Contribution of tourism to employment 30 Government expenditure on tourism 32 Government expenditure on culture 33 Capital investment 34 Statistics on tourist flows and trends 37 NATIONAL POLICIES ON CULTURE AND TOURISM 45 Fact sheets 45 Good practices on tourism 53 IMPLEMENTATION OF CULTURAL ROUTES OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 55 Impact of cultural tourism 55 Management and governance practices and tools implemented by Cultural Routes in line with EUSAIR 63 Survey among AIR national and regional representatives 72 Good practices and projects 79 BIBLIOGRAPHY 91 PART III – RECOMMENDATIONS 93 RECOMMENDATIONS 95 Needs assessment 95 Decentralisation of infrastructure 96 Regulation, awareness and co-operation 97 Capacity building and governance 97 Evaluation, branding and marketing 99 APPENDICES 103 APPENDIX 1 – COMPENDIUM 105 APPENDIX 2 – LIST OF TABLES 109 APPENDIX 3 – LIST OF FIGURES 111 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 113 ► Page 3 Forewords aunched in 1987 as urope’s rich cultural a tool for promoting heritage is an asset L the transnational E for economic and dimension of European social cohesion. Culture heritage, the Cultural and creative industries Routes of the Council are significant sources of of Europe are unique in growth, accounting for their commitment to the 4.5% of EU GDP, and gen- creation of a common erating jobs, employing European identity. More 12 million people (7.5% relevant than ever in a of total employment). multicultural Europe fac- At the same time, cul- ing many geo-political ture has a direct impact and diversity challenges, on tourism, environ- they are in line with the fundamental values of the mental and territorial policies by promoting trav- Council of Europe: human rights, cultural democracy, ellers’ mobility and accessibility to cultural sites. cultural diversity and mutual exchanges across borders. The Cultural Routes bring an important contribu- These fundamental values are also reflected by our tion to the European Union Strategy for the Adriatic Joint Programme with the European Commission and Ionian Region (EUSAIR). Indeed, sustainable (DG REGIO), Routes4U, of which I am particularly tourism and the protection of natural capital are pleased to acknowledge the many fruitful outcomes. two pillars of the strategy. EUSAIR provides also the In the framework of this co-operation, the pres- right governance to support such an objective: the ent study on transnational heritage and cultural four member states and the four countries of the policies in the Adriatic-Ionian Region underlines the Balkan are intervening on equal footing; public and importance of sustainable tourism development for private sectors are also participating. In this way, the the implementation of the Cultural Routes of the European Territorial Co-operation plays a significant Council of Europe. role in enhancing synergies amongst territorial actors in the Adriatic and Ionian Region. We wish you a fruitful reading and look forward to future co-operation with the Adriatic and Ionian I am confident that this study will provide an impor- Region through the Cultural Routes programme. tant insight and contribution to the achievements of the Routes4U project and could be a source of Stefano Dominioni inspiration for numerous stakeholders of the strategy. Executive Secretary of the Enlarged Partial Marc Lemaître Agreement on Cultural Routes, Council of Europe, Director, European Institute of Cultural Routes Director-General for Regional and Urban Policy, DG REGIO, European Commission ► Page 5 Shutterstock Source: Pixabay PART I Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe and the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR) by Constanze Metzger, Routes4U Senior Project Officer, Enlarged Partial Agreement on Cultural Routes, Council of Europe Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe and the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR), by Constanze Metzger Council of Europe and Cultural enhanced cultural co-operation, intercultural dia- Routes of the Council of Europe logue and cultural diversity in Europe. The Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe pro- The Council of Europe was created in 1949 as the gramme was launched in 1987 as a result of signing oldest European intergovernmental organisation. the Declaration of Santiago de Compostela to pre- It consists of 47 member states throughout the serve and promote the cultural heritage of Europe. continent, presenting a platform for co-operation.1 The Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage paths were The Council of Europe also cooperates with the chosen as a symbol of cultural diversity, intercultural countries outside the geographical framework of dialogue and mutual exchanges across borders. Europe, namely those located in the Mediterranean, Latin America, North America and the Middle East, At the beginning of 2020, there are 38 Cultural with bilateral and Enlarged Partial Agreements in Routes which provide different types of leisure and areas as varied as constitutional evaluation, cinema educational activities for everyone regardless of co-production, training for media professionals, phar- age across Europe and beyond. The Cultural Routes maceuticals, interreligious dialogue and more.2 This are key resources for promoting the concepts of wide geographical coverage represents one strength responsible tourism and sustainable development. of the Council of Europe. They cover a range of different themes on European memory, history and heritage that display the cultural The aim of the Council of Europe, expressed in Article diversity of Europe. 1 of the Statute, is “to achieve a greater unity between its members for the purpose of safeguarding and realising the ideals and principles which are their common heritage and facilitating their economic and social progress”.3 Article 1 of the Statute is also repeated in the Preamble to the European Cultural Convention in Paris (December 19, 1954) and covers a broad field of activities. It consists of policies in the field of culture, protection of the natural and cultural heritage, as well as education, youth movement, exchange and sports. © Council of Europe The guiding principle of the European Cultural Convention is the use of culture and education as Cultural Routes include both tangible heritage, such a tool of diplomacy to prevent new conflicts and as religious sites, cultural sites and a cultural land- strengthen democracy. The Council of Europe encour- scape, as well as intangible heritage in the form of ages Europeans to preserve their cultural heritage, traditions, performing arts and crafts. According to recognise it as a source of cultural diversity of Europe the Council of Europe, culture is not only limited and be aware of the shared tangible and intangi- to the outstanding masterpieces of Europe, but ble components of European heritage. This leads to includes tangible and intangible heritage, which is representative and valuable to Europe. The Council of Europe promotes a modern definition of culture 1. Webpage of the Council of Europe, available under https:// that encompasses all kinds of expressions and popu- www.coe.int/en/web/portal lation groups. Cultural Routes are proposed by the 2. Cultural Routes Management: from theory to practice, 2015, initiators of the projects and as such, they represent p. 7 ground-level projects allowing for dynamic cultural 3. Article 1 of the European Cultural Convention, available at https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/ co-operation, for new interpretations and narratives conventions/rms/090000168006457e on heritage. ► Page 9 The programme represents an exceptional dynamic In accordance with approach to culture that
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