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TEAK RESOURCES and MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010 (Tectona Grandis Linn

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TEAK RESOURCES and MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010 (Tectona Grandis Linn Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Planted Forests and Trees Working Paper Series TEAK RESOURCES AND MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010 (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) Walter Kollert, Lucia Cherubini March 2012 Forest Assessment, Management and Working Paper FP/47/E Conservation Division, Forestry Department FAO, Rome, Italy Disclaimer The Planted Forests and Trees Working Papers report on issues addressed in the work programme of FAO. These working papers do not reflect the official position of FAO. Please refer to the FAO website (www.fao.org/forestry) for official information. The purpose of these papers is to provide early information on on-going activities and programmes, to provide different perspectives on forestry issues and to stimulate discussion. Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information please contact: Mr. Walter Kollert, Planted Forests Officer Forest Assessment, Management and Conservation Division, Forestry Department, FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla I-00153 Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] For quotation: Kollert, W. and Cherubini, L. 2012. Teak resources and market assessment 2010. FAO Planted Forests and Trees Working Paper FP/47/E, Rome. Available at http://www.fao.org/forestry/plantedforests/67508@170537/en/ Cover photo: An old planted teak forest at Wayanad, Kerala, India. Photo K.M. Bhat, Kerala Forest Research Institute i Contents PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. IV SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................... V RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................................................... VII 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. PREVIOUS TEAK RESOURCES ASSESSMENTS ............................................................................................ 2 2.1 HEDEGART (1976), KEOGH (1979) AND TEWARI (1992) ........................................................................................ 2 2.2 FAO FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 1990/1995 ............................................................................................... 3 2.3 TEAK SURVEY IN CENTRAL AMERICA, 1998 ............................................................................................................ 4 2.4 FAO FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2000 ......................................................................................................... 4 2.5 SYNTHESIS OF PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................................................. 5 3. THE TEAK RESOURCES AND MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010 ......................................................................... 5 3.1 OBJECTIVES AND METHOD ................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 DATA QUALITY .................................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3.1 Forest Areas .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Natural Teak Forests ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Planted Teak Forests ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Planted teak – a globally emerging forest resource .................................................................................................. 11 3.3.2 Age class distribution of planted teak forests ..................................................................................... 11 3.3.3 Ownership ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3.3.4 Growth performance and rotation age ............................................................................................... 13 3.3.5 Log removals 2010 .............................................................................................................................. 15 3.3.6 International trade in teak .................................................................................................................. 16 3.3.7 Teak price and quality ......................................................................................................................... 17 4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 21 5. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS BY COUNTRY ................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH VERSION) ................................................................................................................... 27 5.3 DATA TABLES BY COUNTRY ................................................................................................................................. 32 ii List of tables Table 1: Estimated global teak resources in the 1970s .......................................................................... 3 Table 2: Planted teak forests by region 1995 ......................................................................................... 3 Table 3: Area planted with teak in Central America in 1998 .................................................................. 4 Table 4: Teak plantation area by region as reported in FRA 2000 .......................................................... 4 Table 5: Questionnaire response rate .................................................................................................... 6 Table 6: Questionnaire response rate by region .................................................................................... 6 Table 7: Area of natural teak forests by country, 1976/1979 and 2010 ................................................. 8 Table 8: Area of planted teak forests by region...................................................................................... 9 Table 9: Mean annual increment (MAI) from some teak yield tables at 50 years rotation age ........... 14 Table 10: Mean annual increment (MAI) and rotation period by region ............................................. 14 Table 11: Log removals from planted teak forests by region 2010 ...................................................... 15 Table 12: Perceptions of log dimensions in different countries ........................................................... 19 Table 13: Average teak log prices ......................................................................................................... 20 List of figures Figure 1: A decorative teak carving from Thailand ................................................................................. 1 Figure 2: A natural teak forest in Bago Yomas, central Myanmar. ......................................................... 7 Figure 3: A well-managed, 5-year old teak plantation in Guanacaste, Costa Rica ................................. 8 Figure 4: Ten countries with the largest area of planted teak forests (1 000 ha) ................................ 10 Figure 5: Ten countries with the highest teak coverage in the landscape (‰) .................................... 10 Figure 6: Area change in planted teak forests from 1995 to 2010 ....................................................... 11 Figure 7: Age class distribution of planted teak forests ....................................................................... 12 Figure 8: Ownership (%) of planted teak forests by region .................................................................. 13 Figure 9: Second grade veneer logs from Myanmar ............................................................................. 18 Figure 10: The “ripple”pattern of a table top made from small-dimension teak logs ......................... 19 iii Preface The Teak Resources and Market Assessment 2010 (TRMA 2010) is a special study of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA2010). It aims to present updated country level information on teak (Tectona grandis), which is one of the emerging hardwood resources in the world. The assessment was conducted through a standardized questionnaire sent to 69 countries, which used the existing networks of FRA national correspondents and the members of Teaknet, an international teak information network managed by the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI), India. These contact persons proved to be effective and knowledgeable communication
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