A GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER JULY 2013 ANNUAL REPO RT 2012 1 WWF/GFTN GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES

BACKGROUND: BACKGROUND: The heavy exploitation of a few commercially valuable timber species such as Harvesting and sourcing a wider portfolio of species, including LKTS would help (Swietenia spp.), Afrormosia ( elata), Ramin (Gonostylus relieve pressure on the traditionally harvested and heavily exploited species. spp.), Meranti ( spp.) and ( spp.), due in major part The use of LKTS, in combination with both FSC certification, and access to high to the insatiable demand from consumer markets, has meant that many species value export markets, could help make sustainable management a more are now threatened with extinction. This has led to many of the tropical viable alternative in many of WWF’s priority places. being plundered for these highly prized species. Even in forests where there are good levels of , there is a risk of a shift in species composition Markets are hard to change, as buyers from consumer countries often aren’t in natural forest stands. This over-exploitation can also dissuade many forest willing to switch from purchasing the traditional species which they know do managers from obtaining Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for the job for the products that they are used in, and for which there is already their concessions, as many of these high value species are rarely available in a healthy market. To enable the market for LKTS, there is an urgent need to sufficient quantity to cover all of the associated costs of certification. In order to influence and educate buyers in consumer countries of the benefits of sourcing make responsible forest management sustainable over the long term, markets these alternative species. must be developed for lesser known timber species (LKTS). Many forest WWF’s Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN) is positioned to help promote concessions in the tropics can contain over 100 different species, yet only a LKTS due to its 20-year history of successful engagement with all sectors of the handful are ever harvested commercially, due to their being no current market supply chain, from forest producers to retailers; as well as its access to different demand. Many of these species characteristics are simply not even known, and markets around the world. could perform just as well as many of the traditionally harvested species. The benefits of using and promoting lesser known timber species: Take Brazilian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra), as an example. This species is one of the most highly prized in the world, and due to its heavy exploitation, ‡ /.76FDQRIWHQDFWDVDVXEVWLWXWHIRUPRUHWUDGLWLRQDOO\XVHGVSHFLHVLQWHUPV this species has been listed on CITES Appendix I[1] since 1992, and is now of performance and aesthetics in most applications, but they are generally illegal to trade. However, in the Amazon basin, there is a species named Morado more cost effective because they are often abundant and underutilized. ( scleroxylon), which is also known as Bolivian Rosewood. This species has been suggested as a possible substitute for Brazilian Rosewood and, ‡ 0DQ\VSHFLHVDYDLODEOHKDYHULFKWUXO\EHDXWLIXOFRORXUVDQGWH[WXUHVZKLFK is also available as FSC certified. can provide new design opportunities for many industry sectors.

The use of lesser known timber species is equally appropriate in civil and ‡ 7KHXVHRIOHVVHUNQRZQVSHFLHVFDQDOOHYLDWHSUHVVXUHRQWKHRYHUH[SORLWHG structural applications. For example, an Environment Agency project which timber species, and increase the economic viability of responsible forest required planking to refurbish beach outfalls at Pevensey Bay and Normans management. Bay, East Sussex, UK used predominantly FSC certified Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabunensis), a lesser known timber species, in preference to Ekki (Lophira alata) which is a common choice in marine construction. Eveuss was chosen because it was comparable in performance and colour to Ekki. Although it took longer to source, it resulted in a substantial cost saving of over USD $60,000 so the project delivered both financial and sustainability benefits. DISCLAIMER: WWF considers FSC the minimum level for responsible forest management. When searching for alternatives to commercially well-known species that have decreased in availability, it is of the utmost importance to ensure oneself of the responsible nature in which that particular species was produced. FSC is the best mechanism to avoid of any tree species. This guide is valid as of July 2013, and the information contained within is subject to change. All companies featured in this guide have a valid FSC forest management and/or valid FSC chain of custody certificate as of July 2013. It is the readers’ responsibility to ensure that a suppliers’ FSC chain of custody certificate is valid. The guide cannot guarantee that a particular species referenced to in this guide will be available at the time of ordering. This guide has been produced for educational and informational purposes only and it is not intended, and should not be construed as a code of practice. WWF/GFTN is not liable for any reliance placed on this guide, or any financial or other loss caused as a result of reliance on information contained within. No part of this guide may be reproduced without permission from WWF/GFTN. Prices of timber products have not been included in this guide due to their market variability.

Cover image: Forest, East province, . © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK. / Images Getty / Stirton Brent © Cameroon. province, East Forest, image: Cover 2 USING THE GUIDE

The guide has been developed to help inform buyers and decision makers about the availability and benefits of lesser known timber species. This guide lists the key mechanical and physical properties, and potential suitability of 75 POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES... timber species from Central and West Africa, Central and Latin America, and Southeast . The species in this guide have been classed into two separate groups:

1) The first group is classified as ‘possible alternatives’ for more END USES... traditionally sourced timber species. Here you can search for suitable substitute species by selecting from the traditional species listed in the first

ENGINEERING & column of the guide. CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW 2) The second group is classified as ‘end uses’. Here you can search for REFERENCES... FRAMES lesser known timber species by selecting a particular product group, such ENGINEERING & DECKING as flooring, veneer and garden furniture. The eight product categories CONSTRUCTION

VENEER featured here form the bulk of the most commonly traded exotic WINDOW FRAMES

timber species that are bought and sold internationally. This selection GARDEN GFTN CONTACT INFORMATION...FURNITURE ENGINEERING & rationale was based on the WWF/GFTN’s 20+ years of experience working DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR with companies that are sourcing tropical hardwood species for use in VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES the aforementioned product categories. Future updates of this guide may GARDEN RAILWAY include additional product categories and species. ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

AFRICAN CANARIUM (Canarium schweinfurthii) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE On all species For both of the above groups, the guide shows the link between these lesser FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS information pages, DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE known timber species and their availability as being Forest Stewardship Groupe Décolvenaere: SLEEPERS Sawn- click on the buttons HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pinkish when freshly cut but darkens to light brown mahogany colour Wijma Douala: Council (FSC) certified from GFTN producer participants. Sawn-wood INTERIOR lower right: 3 DENSITY Kg/m 496 IFO (Industrie Forestière de Ouesso):FLOORING FURNITURE Logs, and veneers

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE Please ensure the validity of the certificates by checking the organizations’ RAILWAY HOME - to return to MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability SLEEPERS Groupe Décolvenaere: certification code and FSC license at http://info.fsc.org/ SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- this page JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS FM/COC-004622 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 670 when Dry Wijma Douala: FLOORING BV-COC-070607 DURABILITY Durable, but soon after , logs should be treated chemically, extracted and converted to prevent insect attack IFO (Industrie Forestière de Ouesso): Click on possible alternatives to browse species by name or end use. SGS-FM/COC-005921 SPECIES - to return

TEXTURE Slightly coarse FSC LICENSE # to the ALTERNATIVE

Click on any species name to review full information page on that species. At WORKING QUALITY Easy Groupe Décolvenaere: SPECIES menu FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Wijma Douala: Stained African Canarium is so similar in appearance to African Mahogany FSC-C013971 any time, click on the ‘home’ button to return to this page. ( ivorensis) that it usually requires an expert to differentiate between the two. Also, a substitute for Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana) for . IFO (Industrie Forestière de Ouesso): The grain sometimes produces a very attractive stripe figure on quarter- FSC-C017252 END USES - to return cut surfaces. Interlocked grain and silica content have very high blunting effects on cutting . To process the wood, tungsten tipped cutters may be required. to the END USES For more information about a particular species or region, contact the relevant WWF/GFTN OFFICES GFTN-Cameroon; GFTN-Republic of Congo MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/AIELE.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ menu GFTN manager in that country. 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This guide was developed by James Horne, Coordinator, WWF GFTN-UK. Special thanks goes to the WWF/GFTN colleagues who supported this guide, in particular Alfredo Rodriguez, Alejandra Zamora, Gijs Breukink, Huma Khan, Karen Mo, Maria Del-Carmen Carrera, Raul Dance, Sebastian Schrader, Norbert Sonne, Daniel Arancibia and Mustapha Seidu. WWF/GFTN would like to thank TheWoodExplorer.com for providing much of the technical information on the species identified in the guide and the images of the timber species; and the many companies and organizations that responded to requests for information, in particular the Environment Agency and TRADA.

3 POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. 1 OF 3

USING THIS SPECIES... OTHER NAMES ALTERNATIVE SPECIES OTHER NAMES END USES...

ACAJOU BASSAM, ACAJOU AFRICAN ELEMI, MUPAFU AFRICAN MAHOGANY AFRICAN CANARIUM (Canarium schweinfurthii) ENGINEERING & (Khaya ivorensis) BLANC, DEKE, ACAJOU ANDIROBA ( guianensis, Carapa procera) CARAPA, CRAB WOOD CONSTRUCTION JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, OLANDIM, SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) LANDI, OCURE

CONGOWOOD, TIGERWOOD CARAPA, CRAB WOOD AFRICAN WALNUT ANDIROBA (, Carapa procera) WINDOW JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, OLANDIM, FRAMES () SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) LANDI, OCURE

AFRICAN MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, OITY, AFRORMOSIA GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa) CARACO () TIMBAUBA (Enterolobium schomburgkii) BATIBATRA DECKING

ASH AFRICAN CELTIS (Celtis mildbraedii/ zenkeri) NATAL STINKWOOD, NATAL (Fraxinus spp.) LOTOFA (Sterculia rhinopetala) WAWABIMA VENEER (Betula spp.) (Clarisia racemosa) MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, OITY, GUARIUBA CARACO

(Guarea spp.) DIAMBE, BLACK GUAREA (Beilschmiedia mannii) BOSSE KANDA AKOK, BOGO GARDEN FURNITURE BOX MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, OITY, BOXWOOD ( spp.) GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa) CARACO

BRAZILIAN MAHOGANY BIG MAHOGANY ANDIROBA (Carapa guianensis, Carapa procera) CARAPA, CRAB WOOD INTERIOR () OBOTO (Mammea africana) AFRICAN APPLE, BASTARD MAHOGANY FURNITURE

BRAZILIAN ROSEWOOD ROSEWOOD, OGEA (Daniellia ogea) NSOU, FARO (Dalbergia nigra) JACARANDÁ DA BAHIA RAILWAY SLEEPERS DARK & LIGHT MERANTI LAUAN, SERAYA GERONGGANG (Cratoxylon arborescens) (Shorea spp.)

FLOORING

4 USING THIS SPECIES... OTHER NAMES ALTERNATIVE SPECIES OTHER NAMES END USES... 2 OF 3

EBONY (Diospyros spp.) AZOBÉ, RED IRON WOOD TIGER WOOD (Astronium fraxinifolium & Astronium lecointei)

EKKI (Lophira alata) AZOBÉ, RED IRON WOOD ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia excelsa) KABUKALLI CUBIUBA (Goupia glabra) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION EVEUSS (Klainedoxa gabunensis) OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis) BOKOKA, ADUM PEQUIA (Caryocar villosum) BOKOKA, ADUM TALI (Erythrophleum suaveolens) PELI, MBELE WINDOW FRAMES GREENHEART (Ocotea rodiaei) ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia excelsa) CUBIUBA (Goupia glabra) KABUKALLI EVEUSS (Klainedoxa gabunensis) DECKING OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis) BOKOKA, ADUM TALI (Erythrophleum suaveolens) PELI, MBELE

VENEER IPE (Tabebiua serratifolia) BRAZILIAN WALNUT, CURUPAY ( colubrina) VILCA, HUILCO, WILCO, CEBIL LAPACHO ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia excelsa)

MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, (Chlorophora excelsa) GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa) OITY, CARACO GARDEN LATI (Amphimas pterocarpoides) FURNITURE MANDIOQUEIRA (Qualea paraensis) TATAJUBA (Bagassa guianensis) TIMBAUBA (Enterolobium schomburgkii) AMAPARANA, BAGASSE, TARAIKO INTERIOR HARINO, MENUDITO, BOUGOU BATI FURNITURE BATRA, ACACIA FRANC, JEBIO, HEVIO

MAHOGANY (Swietenia spp.) BLACK CABBAGE BARK (Lonchocarpus castilloi) MACARATO, TIMBO AKOK, BOGO KANDA (Beilschmiedia mannii) RAILWAY JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, SLEEPERS SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) OLANDIM, LANDI, OCURE MURURÉ, TULPAY, MATAPALO, (Acer spp.) GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa) OITY, CARACO

FLOORING

5 USING THIS SPECIES... OTHER NAMES ALTERNATIVE SPECIES OTHER NAMES END USES... 3 OF 3

MERANTI LAUAN, SERAYA (LIGHT CURUPAY (Anadenanthera colubrina) VILCA, HUILCO, WILCO, CEBIL (Shorea spp.) RED MERANTI) JATOBA (Erisma uncinatum) VILCA, HUILCO, WILCO, CEBIL NATAL WHITE STINKWOOD, AFRICAN CELTIS (Celtis mildbraedii/ zenkeri) NATAL ELM ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION (Quercus spp.) BERANGAN (Castanopsis acuminatissima) WHITE OAK, NEW OAK NARGUSTA ( amazonica) WHITE OLIVE

AFRICAN ELEMI, MUPAFU OKOUME ANGOUMA, GABOON AFRICAN CANARIUM (Canarium schweinfurthii) WINDOW (Aucoumea klaineana) KONDROTI (Bombax brevicuspe) FRAMES

ROSEWOOD MORADO (Machaerium scleroxylon) BOLIVIAN ROSEWOOD, CAVIUNA, PARDO, PAU FERRO (Dalbergia spp.) TIGER WOOD (Astronium fraxinifolium & Astronium lecointei) DECKING

SAPELE SAPELLI, ABOUDIKRO ANDIROBA (Carapa guianensis, Carapa procera) CARAPA, CRAB WOOD JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, VENEER ( cylindricum) SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) OLANDIM, LANDI, OCURE

TEAK BLACK CABBAGE BARK (Lonchocarpus castilloi) MACARATO, TIMBO ( grandis) CHEREK (Peronema canescens) SUNGKAI GARDEN TIMBAUBA (Enterolobium schomburgkii) FURNITURE

UTILE SIPO ANDIROBA (Carapa guianensis, Carapa procera) CARAPA, CRAB WOOD INTERIOR (Entandrophragma utile) FURNITURE

WALNUT KANDA (Beilschmiedia mannii) AKOK, BOGO AKWAKWA, KITOLA, EMOLA ( spp.) TCHITOLA (Oxystigma oxyphyllum) RAILWAY SLEEPERS WENGE AFRICAN ELEMI, MUPAFU SAPUPIRA (Diplotropis purpurea) TATABU, ZWARTE KABBES, SUCUPIRA ( laurentii)

FLOORING WHITE ASH JAGUA (Genipa americana) JACAREÚBA, GUANANDI, LANDIM, (Fraxinus americana) SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) OLANDIM, LANDI, OCURE 6 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

AFRICAN CANARIUM (Canarium schweinfurthii) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Groupe Décolvenaere: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pinkish when freshly cut but darkens to light brown mahogany colour Sawn-wood

Wijma Douala: INTERIOR 3 Sawn-wood DENSITY Kg/m 496 FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Groupe Décolvenaere: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 670 when Dry SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622 FLOORING DURABILITY Wijma Douala: Durable, but soon after felling, logs should be treated chemically, BV-COC-070607 extracted and converted to prevent insect attack

TEXTURE Slightly coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 Stained African Canarium is so similar in appearance to African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) that it usually requires an expert to differentiate between Wijma Douala: the two. Also, a substitute for Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana) for plywood. FSC-C013971 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST The grain sometimes produces a very attractive stripe figure on quarter- cut surfaces. Interlocked grain and silica content have very high blunting effects on cutting tools. To process the wood, tungsten tipped cutters may be required. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/AIELE.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

7 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

WINDOW ENGINEERING & RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FRAMES CONSTRUCTION SLEEPERS DECKING

(Carapa guianensis, Carapa procera) DECKING WINDOW FLOORING VENEER ANDIROBA FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & VENEER GARDEN DISTRIBUTION Orsa Florestal: DECKING FURNITURE Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish brown Gold : Sawnwood & logs GARDEN FURNITURE VENEER INTERIOR DENSITY Kg/m3 641 McCorry & Co Ltd: FURNITURE International Timber and Wood Trading: - Panel products, sawn wood, machined solid wood SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATEINTERIOR GARDEN CODE FURNITURE FURNITURE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability SLEEPERS

Orsa Florestal: SCS-COC-000638 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1220 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) INTERIOR Green Gold Forestry: RAILWAY SLEEPERS FURNITURE SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849 FLOORING DURABILITY Moderately Durable McCorry & Co Ltd: BV-COC-023370

FLOORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS TEXTURE Medium to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Medium Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761 FLOORING

The wood is so similar to Honduras mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Green Gold Forestry: that they are often confused with each other. The wood exhibits an FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 attractive stripe and parallel, irregular rays when quarter sawn. Weathering characteristics are comparable to those of the . Bending McCorry & Co Ltd: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST strength of air-dried wood is similar to that of Teak (Tectona grandis), FSC-C111751 which is considered to be strong. Strength properties, especially stiffness, are rated as higher than those of Honduras mahogany. It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak (Quercus alba) or Birch (Betula spp.). Good regeneration, and potential. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN- http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/ANDIROBA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

8 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR VENEER CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN WINDOW RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES SLEEPERS DECKING

SANTA MARIA (Calophyllum brasiliense) INTERIOR GARDEN DECKING FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America VENEER GARDEN RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE Green Gold SLEEPERSForestry: FURNITURE Solid wood (sawn, chipped, peeled) HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pink light brown with thin darker veins AIDER: Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)GARDEN FURNITURE INTERIOR 3 641 DENSITY Kg/m Von HumboldtFLOORING Forest: RAILWAY FURNITURE Logs & sawn wood SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATEINTERIOR CODE FURNITURE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability can be attained after seasoning FLOORING SLEEPERS

Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1150 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) AIDER: RAILWAY SLEEPERS SCS-FM/COC-004384 FLOORING DURABILITY Moderately Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Easy Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688

Bending strength in air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is AIDER: high - comparable to Teak (Tectona grandis). Maximum crushing strength, FSC-C008155 or compression strength parallel to grain, is high. Some familiar species Von Humboldt Forest: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple (Acer saccharum), Teak, and White oak (Quercus alba). Hardness is rated as FSC-C106640 medium. It resists denting and marring about as well as White oak or Birch (Betula spp.). An abundant tree species in Riparian environments for its preference for colonizing high water saturation soils. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-; GFTN-Peru http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/SANTA_MARIA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

9 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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GARDEN FURNITURE

INTERIOR ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION

RAILWAY WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES SLEEPERS FRAMES

GUARIUBA (Clarisia racemosa) FLOORING DECKING

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER DEKMA: Decking, fencing, tiles, outdoor furniture HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow becoming lustrous brown upon contact with light Mabet: Doors, flooring & decking GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 610 Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet

SILICA CONTENT High INTERIOR CERTIFICATE CODE FURNITURE Moderate MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability DEKMA: RA-COC-001658 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 784 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Mabet: RAILWAY SLEEPERS SW-COC-001057 DURABILITY Durable Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: CU-FM/COC-813373

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy DEKMA: FSC-C010118

Mabet: FSC-C015707

The timber is similar in properties to the African species, Afrormosia Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST (Pericopsis elata). The bending strength qualities of this species in air-dry FSC-C005646 condition is very high, far superior to those of Mahogany (Swietenia spp.).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/GUARIUBA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

10 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE DECKING

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS VENEER

TIMBAUBA (Enterolobium schomburgkii) INTERIOR FLOORING GARDEN FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America RAILWAY INTERIOR SLEEPERS FURNITURE Seasoned heartwood is light yellowish brown sometimes with darker HEARTWOOD COLOUR streaks Mabet: Manufacturer of wood products, such as doors, flooring and furniture (indoor and outdoor) 3 913 DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2330 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Mabet: SW-COC-001057 DURABILITY Very Durable

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Difficult

Mabet: FSC-C015707

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST General finishing qualities are rated as good. The timber is similar in properties to the African species Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/BATIBATRA.pdf GFTN-Bolivia http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/ MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ htmlDocs_tropamerican/Enterolobiumschomburgkii.html

11 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES SLEEPERS DECKING

AFRICAN CELTIS (Celtis mildbraedii/ zenkeri) FLOORING VENEER

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa GARDEN DISTRIBUTION FURNITURE

Freshly-cut wood yellowish-white to light beige in colour, but it turns HEARTWOOD COLOUR to greyish beige upon exposure Groupe Décolvenaere: Sawn-wood INTERIOR DENSITY Kg/m3 737 FURNITURE

Low SILICA CONTENT CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1530 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Groupe Décolvenaere: SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW-FLOORING FM/COC-004622 DURABILITY Non-Durable

TEXTURE Medium/Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Groupe Décolvenaere: Strength properties are somewhat higher than those of European FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 (Fagus sylvatica). The wood is highly vulnerable to fungal staining, and OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST requires immediate preventive measures after sawing. Properties can change with heat, and can take a good stain. It is very similar to Oak (Quercus spp.). It is also considered to be a good flooring timber that wears smoothly. Have a good regeneration pattern WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/CELTIS_D_AFRIQUE.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

12 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES SLEEPERS DECKING

LOTOFA (WAWABIMA) (Sterculia rhinopetala) FLOORING VENEER

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa GARDEN DISTRIBUTION FURNITURE

HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish brown Groupe Décolvenaere: Sawn-wood INTERIOR DENSITY Kg/m3 785 FURNITURE

High SILICA CONTENT CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Large movement in service SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1810 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Groupe Décolvenaere: SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW-FLOORING FM/COC-004622 DURABILITY Very Durable

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Difficult

Groupe Décolvenaere: Substitute for Ash (Fraxinus spp.) for applications where toughness is of FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 prime importance, such as in handles. General finishing qualities are rated as good. The timber is reported to be peeled for plywood manufacture, OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST core-stock and facings for blockboards. It is also sliced into highly decorative veneers for and interior decoration. Described as a heavy and strong timber with very high toughness strength, which makes it suitable for construction applications where natural resistance to decay is not critical. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/LOTOFA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

13 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

KANDA (Beilschmiedia mannii) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pink brown to red brown Wijma Douala: Sawn-wood INTERIOR 3 673 DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING FURNITURE

High SILICA CONTENT CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1160 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma Douala: BV-COC-070607 FLOORING DURABILITY Very Durable

TEXTURE Medium/ Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Medium

Wijma Douala: FSC-C013971 Kanda responds well to specially tipped tools in machining operations since it tends to dull ordinary tools severely. Kanda is far superior OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST in strength to either Teak (Tectona grandis) or Hard maple (Acer saccharum).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Cameroon php?wood=Beilschmiedia%20mannii www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

14 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

OBOTO (Mammea africana) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Initially red or red brown, but matures into dark reddish-brown. The colour HEARTWOOD COLOUR is reported to be comparable to that of true mahogany, and is attractively Wijma Douala: marked or flecked with gum ducts. Sawn-wood INTERIOR 3 769 DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY Dimensional changes in response to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE are reported to range from medium to high.

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1710 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma Douala: BV-COC-070607 FLOORING DURABILITY Durable

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Wijma Douala: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory. Maximum crushing FSC-C013971 strength, or compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition, is in the very high range. It is generally superior to African Mahogany (Khaya OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST ivorensis) in strength properties, especially bending strength. Hardness is rated as medium. It resists denting and marring about as well as White oak (Quercus alba) or Birch (Betula spp.). It is a very heavy wood, with high density. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.woodworkerssource.com/show_properties. GFTN-Cameroon MORE INFORMATION php?wood=Mammea%20africana www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

15 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

OGEA (Daniellia ogea) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Light golden brown or pale pinkish-brown to reddish brown, sometimes Groupe Décolvenaere: HEARTWOOD COLOUR marked with darker streaks Sawn-wood

Wijma Douala: INTERIOR 3 sawn wood DENSITY Kg/m 464 FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY Moderate dimensional stability & exhibits medium movement after SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE manufacture

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Groupe Décolvenaere: 710 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622 FLOORING DURABILITY Wijma Douala: Moderate BV-COC-070607

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Difficult Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

Wijma Douala: The wood has medium density, low bending strength, very low stiffness FSC-C013971 and resistance to shock loads, and medium crushing strength. It is a OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST suitable substitute for Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.) in solid sections. A decorative veneer can be produced from selected logs.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/FARO.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

16 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & WINDOW DECKING CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

WINDOW GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER FRAMES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

GERONGGANG (Cratoxylon arborescens) GARDEN DECKING INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

South-East Asia VENEER GARDEN DISTRIBUTION FURNITURE Kumpulan PengurusanINTERIOR Kayu KayanRAILWAY Terengganu Sdn Bhd FURNITURE (KPKKT): Sawn timber, furniture, doorsSLEEPERS Initially dark pink or light brick-red. Exposure darkens the wood, but the HEARTWOOD COLOUR red colour is reported to remain. Sari Bumi Kusuma: Plywood, Sawn wood, Decking & Mouldings GARDEN FURNITURE INTERIOR 3 PT. Suka Jaya Makmur: DENSITY Kg/m 350-610 RAILWAY FURNITURE Logs FLOORING SLEEPERS

High SILICA CONTENT CERTIFICATEINTERIOR CODE FURNITURE RAILWAY Moderate FLOORING SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): SCS-FM/COC-00108N JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 420 for green material IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Sari Bumi Kusuma: RAILWAY SLEEPERS RA-FM/COC-002645 / RA-COC-001617 FLOORING DURABILITY Moderately Durable - treatment required PT. Suka Jaya Makmur: CU-FM/COC-812699 / CU-COC-812699

FLOORING TEXTURE Moderately fine and even FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): FSC-C010333

Sari Bumi Kusuma: For most practical purposes Geronggang is reported to be very similar FSC-C021870 / FSC-C001956 to Dark red Meranti (Shorea spp.) in colour and to Light red Meranti (Shorea spp.) in strength properties. Absence of resin canals is reported PT. Suka Jaya Makmur: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST to give Geronggang some advantage over Meranti in applications where FSC-C102305 / FSC-C105706 the presence of resin canals is found to be objectionable. The wood has medium density, and is low in weight. Max harvest from Laos forests for next 5 years: 2,916m3 CW & 350 m3 FSC. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/SEAsian_ GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN- Oceanic/htmlDocs_SEAsian/Cratoxylonarborescens.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

17 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

WINDOW GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FRAMES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

TIGER WOOD (Astronium fraxinifolium & Astronium lecointei) DECKING INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER Muiracatiara FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS One of the most beautiful tropical woods. Brown red (russet brown, orange HEARTWOOD COLOUR brown or reddish brown when fresh, changing upon exposure to brown, red, Mabet: or dark reddish brown), with streaks Manufacturer of wood products, such as doors, flooring and furniture GARDEN (indoor and outdoor) FURNITURE INTERIOR 3 DENSITY Kg/m 961 FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATEINTERIOR CODE FURNITURE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Dimensionally stable after seasoning SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1850 when Dry Mabet: RAILWAY SLEEPERS SW-COC-001057 FLOORING DURABILITY Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Fine to Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Difficult

Mabet: FSC-C015707 General finishing qualities are rated as good. A lesser known species from OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Central and South America. Strong, suited primarily for construction and secondarily for fine furniture.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Bolivia MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/MUIRACATIARA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

18 ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia excelsa) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa DISTRIBUTION WINDOW FRAMES

Light reddish-brown or red brown, occasionally with faint streaks HEARTWOOD COLOUR Orsa Florestal: Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) DENSITY Kg/m3 849 DECKING

SILICA CONTENT High

CERTIFICATE CODE VENEER MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Not known

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 3220 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) GARDEN Orsa Florestal: FURNITURE SCS-COC-000638 DURABILITY Very Durable

INTERIOR FURNITURE TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult RAILWAY SLEEPERS Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761 The wood is very durable and is reported to have very good resistance OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST to attack by decay fungi and . Its resistance to dry-wood insects attack is rated as good. FLOORING

WWF/GFTN OFFICES Further information on this species can be found at the following report MORE INFORMATION published in 2011 by the Environment Agency, TRADA et al: Assessment of Lesser Known Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ Freshwater Construction

19 ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

CUBIUBA (Goupia glabra) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

South America DISTRIBUTION WINDOW FRAMES Light reddish-brown or brown beige to orange brown and darkens slightly HEARTWOOD COLOUR upon exposure. Orsa Florestal: Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) DENSITY Kg/m3 833 DECKING

SILICA CONTENT High

CERTIFICATE CODE VENEER MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent Stability - Small Movement

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1840 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) GARDEN Orsa Florestal: FURNITURE SCS-COC-000638 DURABILITY Very Durable

TEXTURE Medium coarse to coarse INTERIOR FURNITURE FSC LICENSE # WORKING QUALITY Moderately easy

The timber is highly favoured as an all purpose wood in the Guianas. It RAILWAY is reported to compare favourably with oak, except in shock resistance, SLEEPERS splitting, compression, and cleavage. The wood is reported to be slightly Orsa Florestal: resistant to decay, or moderately durable. Its resistance to brown-rot fungi, FSC-C002761 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST white-rot fungi, termites and dry wood insects is rated as good. It has very little resistance to attack by marine borers.

Resistance to Impregnation FLOORING The heartwood is reported to be very resistant to preservative treatment. The sapwood is moderately resistant. WWF/GFTN OFFICES Further information on this species can be found at the following report published in 2011 by the Environment Agency, TRADA et al: Assessment MORE INFORMATION of Lesser Known Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ Freshwater Construction

20 ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

EVEUSS (Klainedoxa gabunensis) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa DISTRIBUTION WINDOW Wijma: FRAMES Sawn wood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Ages to a dark brown colour with black veining Pallisco: Logs, Sawn wood, Kiln dried, Planed wood, flooring

DENSITY Kg/m3 945 Groupe Décolvenaere: DECKING Sawn-wood

SILICA CONTENT High

CERTIFICATE CODE VENEER The material is reported to be dimensionally unstable, and tends to move MOVEMENT IN SERVICE significantly after manufacture. Wijma: BV-COC-070607 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2550 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Pallisco: GARDEN BV-FM/COC-832214 FURNITURE

DURABILITY Groupe Décolvenaere: Very Durable SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622

INTERIOR FURNITURE TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Wijma: FSC-C013971 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Pallisco: FSC-C021687

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST The timber is reported to be resilient and also very resistant to wear, which Groupe Décolvenaere: makes it suitable for flooring. FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 FLOORING

WWF/GFTN OFFICES Further information on this species can be found at the following report MORE INFORMATION published in 2011 by the Environment Agency, TRADA et al: Assessment of GFTN-Cameroon Lesser Known Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and Freshwater www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ Construction

21 ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

OKAN (Cylicodiscus gabunensis) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa DISTRIBUTION WINDOW Wijma: FRAMES Sawn wood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow brown becomes red brown upon contact with air Pallisco: Logs, Sawn wood, Kiln dried, Planed wood, flooring

DENSITY Kg/m3 945 Groupe Décolvenaere: DECKING Sawn-wood

SILICA CONTENT High

CERTIFICATE CODE VENEER Moderate MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability

Wijma: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2780 when Dry BV-COC-070607 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Pallisco: GARDEN BV-FM/COC-832214 FURNITURE DURABILITY Groupe Décolvenaere: Very Durable SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622

INTERIOR FURNITURE TEXTURE Medium - Has a waxy appearance and feel FSC LICENSE #

Difficult WORKING QUALITY Wijma: FSC-C013971 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Pallisco: The timber has excellent weathering qualities, and has high resistance to FSC-C021687 wear. Although the wood is considered to be highly suitable for flooring, OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST it is very difficult to machine. Strength properties are mid-way between Groupe Décolvenaere: those of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Greenheart (Ocotea FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 rodiaei). FLOORING

WWF/GFTN OFFICES Further information on this species can be found at the following report MORE INFORMATION published in 2011 by the Environment Agency, TRADA et al: Assessment of GFTN-Cameroon Lesser Known Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and Freshwater www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ Construction

22 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

VENEER ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR GARDEN CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE FURNITURE DECKING

WINDOW RAILWAY INTERIOR ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER FRAMES SLEEPERS FURNITURE

PEQUIA (Caryocar villosum) GARDEN DECKING FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE Orsa Florestal: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellowish to light greyish brown in colour Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) GARDEN 3 Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m 865 Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2,RAILWAY 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT CERTIFICATEINTERIOR CODE FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Orsa Florestal: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1720 when Dry SCS-COC-000638 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: DURABILITY CU-FM/COC-813373 Very durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium to coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Difficult Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761 Species in the Caryocar are reported to be widespread throughout most of the Amazonia. The bending strength qualities of this species in Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: the air-dry condition is very high, far superior to those of Mahogany. FSC-C005646 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Compression strength parallel to grain in the air-dry condition is high. Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. It is hard - harder than Teak, and does not marr or dent easily. The weight is very high. The wood is very dense. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/ GFTN-Peru html_files/caryoc1new.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

23 ALTERNATIVE SPECIES

TALI (Erythrophleum suaveolens) ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & West Africa DISTRIBUTION WINDOW Groupe Décolvenaere: FRAMES Sawn-wood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Brown to red to yellow, partly with streaks Pallisco-CIFM : Logs, sawn wood, Florring

DENSITY Kg/m3 961 Wijma: DECKING sawn wood

SILICA CONTENT High

CERTIFICATE CODE VENEER MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement

Groupe Décolvenaere: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- 2920 when Dry FM/COC-004622 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) GARDEN Wijma: FURNITURE BV-COC-070607 DURABILITY Very Durable Pallisco: BV-FM/COC-832214

INTERIOR FURNITURE TEXTURE Medium/ Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Wijma: General finishing qualities are rated as good. The species is considerably FSC-C013971 stronger than White oak (Quercus alba) or Teak (Tectona grandis). It has OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST exceptionally high bending strength qualities when air-dried. Maximum Pallisco: crushing strength, or compression parallel to grain, is exceptionally high. FSC-C021687 The species has very high density. FLOORING

WWF/GFTN OFFICES Further information on this species can be found at the following report published in 2011 by the Environment Agency, TRADA et al: Assessment of GFTN-Cameroon MORE INFORMATION Lesser Known Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and Freshwater www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ Construction

24 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

VENEER ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE VENEER ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR GARDEN CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

WINDOW RAILWAY INTERIOR ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FRAMES VENEER SLEEPERS FURNITURE DECKING

CURUPAY (Anadenanthera colubrina) DECKING GARDEN FLOORING RAILWAY VENEER FURNITURE SLEEPERS

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER GARDEN INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE

HEARTWOOD COLOUR Darkens to a reddish brown Biomaderas: Forest productsGARDEN distributor / importer FURNITURE INTERIOR DENSITY Kg/m3 993 RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT Not known INTERIOR FURNITURECERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY Moderate FLOORING SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1990 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Biomaderas:RAILWAY SLEEPERS FLOORING SW-COC-005452 DURABILITY Very Durable

FLOORING

TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

Fairly Difficult WORKING QUALITY

Biomaderas: FSC-C105956 A very attractive wood, Curupay is primarily used in flooring. Harder and more dense than Ipe (Tabebiua serratifolia). General finishing OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST qualities are rated as good. Has uses that compete with Lauan (Shorea spp.) and Ipe (Tabebiua serratifolia).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Colombia, Equador, Panama & Venezuela, Northern MORE INFORMATION http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/cebil/ Amazon and Chocó Darién, GFTN-Germany www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

25 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

LATI (Amphimas pterocarpoides) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE Wijma: SLEEPERS Sawn wood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Initially orange and darkens to orange-brown upon exposure. Pallisco: Logs, Sawn wood, Kiln dried, Planed wood, flooring INTERIOR 3 753 DENSITY Kg/m Groupe Décolvenaere: FLOORING FURNITURE Sawn-wood

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent Stability - Small Movement SLEEPERS Wijma: BV-COC-070607 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1300 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Pallisco: BV-FM/COC-832214 FLOORING DURABILITY Groupe Décolvenaere: SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- Moderately durable to non-durable FM/COC-004622

TEXTURE Medium/ Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Medium Wijma: FSC-C013971

Pallisco: FSC-C021687

Has an attractive appearance, quite similar to that of Eyong (Eribroma Groupe Décolvenaere: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST oblonga). General finishing qualities are rated as good. FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/LATI.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

26 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

WINDOW RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER FRAMES SLEEPERS DECKING

MANDIOQUEIRA (Qualea paraensis) GARDEN DECKING FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

South America VENEER GARDEN DISTRIBUTION FURNITURE DEKMA: INTERIOR FURNITURE Decking, fencing, tiles, outdoor furniture Pinkish brown to reddish brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Orsa Florestal: Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other GARDEN cuts - domestic) FURNITURE INTERIOR 3 DENSITY Kg/m 705 RAILWAY FURNITURE Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: SLEEPERS Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet High SILICA CONTENT INTERIOR CERTIFICATEFURNITURE CODE RAILWAY Moderate FLOORING SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability DEKMA: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1320 when Dry RA-COC-001658 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Orsa Florestal: RAILWAY SLEEPERS FLOORING SCS-COC-000638 DURABILITY Non-Durable Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: CU-FM/COC-813373

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Difficult DEKMA: FSC-C010118

Orsa Florestal: Heartwood resistance to decay in Qualea timbers is variable, but the material FSC-C002761 is generally unsuitable for use under prolonged moist conditions unless it is protectively coated. Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Similar to the African species Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) in mechanical and FSC-C005646 physical properties. Is a hard and durable wood. It is suitable for decorative veneer, flooring, turnery, decking, garden furniture, exterior construction and railway sleepers, it has good machining and finishing qualities. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Peru; GFTN-Bolivia php?wood=Qualea%20paraensis www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

27 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR VENEER CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN WINDOW RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES SLEEPERS DECKING

TATAJUBA (Bagassa guianensis) INTERIOR GARDEN DECKING FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

GARDEN DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE SLEEPERS FURNITURE Orsa Florestal: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow turning yellow brown to dark brown with age Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) GARDEN Biomaderas: FURNITURE INTERIOR 3 FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m 785 Forest productsFLOORING distributorRAILWAY / importer SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT High INTERIOR CERTIFICATEFURNITURE CODE RAILWAY SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1730 when Dry Orsa Florestal: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-COC-000638 RAILWAY SLEEPERS FLOORING Biomaderas: DURABILITY SW-COC-005452 Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Easy Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761 Substitute in plywood production for Light virola (Virola surinamensis), Ekop (Tetraberlinia tubmaniana , T. bifoliolata ), Brown terminalia Biomaderas: (Terminalia brassii), Kondroti (Bombax brevicuspe). The species is FSC-C105956 considerably stronger than White oak (Quercus alba) or Teak (Tectona OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST grandis). It is hard - harder than Teak. General finishing qualities are rated as good. In green condition, it is superior in properties to White Oak. Mechanical properties in the dry condition are comparable to Shagbark (Carya ovata). WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Colombia, Equador, Panama & Venezuela, Northern MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/TATAJUBA.pdf Amazon and Chocó Darién, GFTN-Germany www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

28 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR FURNITURE DECKING

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER SLEEPERS

BLACK CABBAGE BARK (Lonchocarpus castilloi) GARDEN FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America INTERIOR FURNITURE The heartwood is yellowish brown to dark reddish brown in colour, HEARTWOOD COLOUR usually with stripes of a lighter colour. Biomaderas: Forest products distributor / importer 3 DENSITY Kg/m 897 RAILWAY SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE Moderate dimensional stability & exhibits medium movement after FLOORING MOVEMENT IN SERVICE manufacture

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2700 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Biomaderas: SW-COC-005452 DURABILITY Durable - rated as very resistant to fungus and insect attack

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Biomaderas: FSC-C105956 General finishing qualities are rated as good. Black Cabbage Bark is a potential substitute for applications where a dark-reddish wood, such as OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Mahogany (Swietenia spp.) is required. The wood takes finishes well, except polyurethane. Finishing is reported to highlight irregularities in the grain to make the normally dull wood rather attractive. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Colombia, Equador, Panama & Venezuela, Northern http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. MORE INFORMATION Amazon and Chocó Darién, GFTN-Germany php?wood=Lonchocarpus%20castilloi www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

29 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION DECKING

JATOBA (Erisma uncinatum) INTERIOR WINDOW VENEER FURNITURE FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America GARDEN RAILWAY DECKING FURNITURE SLEEPERS

HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pale pink brown to purplish brown or light reddish-brown Orsa Florestal: Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) VENEER INTERIOR 3 592 FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODEGARDEN FURNITURE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 940 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) INTERIOR Orsa Florestal: FURNITURE FLOORING SCS-COC-000638 DURABILITY Moderately Durable

RAILWAY SLEEPERS TEXTURE Medium to coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good FLOORING

Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST The timber is reported to be similar in properties to Meranti (Shorea spp.)

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Bolivia php?wood=Erisma%20uncinatum www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

30 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

BERANGAN (Castanopsis acuminatissima) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South-East Asia GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Sabah Forestry Department: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish brown to pale brown Logs

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): INTERIOR 3 512 FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m Sawn timber, furniture, door FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not known

CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement

Sabah Forestry Department: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 880 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N FLOORING Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd DURABILITY (KPKKT): Very Durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd This species is a true oak, and is closely related to species in the genus (KPKKT): Quercus of the northern hemisphere. The wood resists denting and marring FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST about as well as White oak (Quercus alba) or birch (Betula spp.) and has a high density. Max harvest from Laos forests for next 5 years: 32,916 m3 CW & 350 m3 FSC. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.woodworkerssource.com/show_properties. GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ php?wood=Castanopsis%20acuminatissima

31 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

NARGUSTA (Terminalia amazonica) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Central & South America GARDEN DISTRIBUTION Green Gold Forestry: FURNITURE Sawnwood & logs RAILWAY SLEEPERS Variegated yellow-brown to olive-brown colour, occasionally with clear Consorcio Forestal Amazónico: HEARTWOOD COLOUR reddish stripes or streaks Sawn wood

ECOLEGNO: INTERIOR 3 769 Decking, wood fences, tomato stick, sleepers FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING Von Humboldt Forest: Logs & sawn wood SILICA CONTENT Not known

CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY Moderate MOVEMENT IN SERVICE SLEEPERS dimensional stability Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1,610 to 2,100 when dry Consorcio Forestal Amazónico: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) CU-FM/COC-813373 FLOORING ECOLEGNO: DURABILITY SW-COC-004098 / SW-COC-004293 / SW-FM/COC-004583 Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

Green Gold Forestry: WORKING QUALITY Moderate FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 Consorcio Forestal Amazónico: FSC-C005646 Nargusta is reported to have medium strength properties in bending, crushing, and resistance to shock loads. It is low in stiffness. It is fairly ECOLEGNO: hard, heavy, and has high density. Species should preferably be used FSC-C009549 / FSC-C009549 / FSC-C017930 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST under protection from the elements since it has little or no resistance to the destructive effects of the weather. General finishing qualities are Von Humboldt Forest: rated as good. It is widespread throughout Central and northern South FSC-C106640 America. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/show_properties. GFTN-Bolivia; GFTN-Peru php?wood=Terminalia%20amazonica www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

32 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

KONDROTI (Bombax brevicuspe) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central, West & East Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pale reddish brown in colour, sometimes with darker markings Groupe Decolvenaere: Sawn wood INTERIOR 3 464 FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not known

CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY Seasoned wood is reported to have good dimensional stability, and holds SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE its place well in use.

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 390 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Groupe Décolvenaere: SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW-FLOORING FM/COC-004622 DURABILITY Non-Durable

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

The wood is highly absorbent, which compensates for its low durability OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST since it is very easy to treat with preservatives.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/KONDROTI.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

33 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

MORADO (Machaerium scleroxylon) WINDOW INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FRAMES FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America GARDEN DECKING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Dark brown to tan with irregular black-purplish stripes. Reportedly the DEKMA: HEARTWOOD COLOUR wood has a strong resemblance to Brazilian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra). Decking, fencing, tiles, outdoor furniture

Mabet: VENEER INTERIOR 3 850 Doors, flooring & decking FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT High GARDEN CERTIFICATEFURNITURE CODE RAILWAY Moderate SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1780 when Dry DEKMA: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) RA-COC-001658 INTERIOR FURNITURE FLOORING Mabet: DURABILITY SW-COC-001057 Durable - as long as not in direct contact with ground

RAILWAY SLEEPERS TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult DEKMA: FLOORING FSC-C010118

Mabet: A substitute Rosewood of great beauty, red brown to deep purple brown, FSC-C015707 fine textured and beautifully marked, showing much of the character of OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST the best and superb for cabinet work. Indeed it is also known as Bolivian Rosewood.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Bolivia; GFTN-Peru php?wood=Machaerium%20scleroxylon www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

34 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

INTERIOR FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER SLEEPERS DECKING

CHEREK (Peronema canescens) GARDEN FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South-East Asia GARDEN INTERIOR FURNITURE FURNITURE Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd HEARTWOOD COLOUR Light brown (KPKKT): Sawn timber, furniture, door

INTERIOR 3 Sari Bumi Kusuma: DENSITY Kg/m 520-730 Plywood, Sawn wood, Decking & MouldingsRAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS

SILICA CONTENT Low

CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement FLOORING SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Not Known (KPKKT): SCS-FM/COC-00108N FLOORING DURABILITY Sari Bumi Kusuma: Moderately Durable - treatment required RA-FM/COC-002645 / RA-COC-001617

TEXTURE Medium/Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): FSC-C010333

Sari Bumi Kusuma: The timber very much resembles Teak (Tectona grandis), and as such, it is FSC-C021870 / FSC-C001956 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST often referred to as “white teak” in the trade. This species is often used in programs in concessions.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN-Indonesia Contact GFTN-Indonesia for more information on this species MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

35 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS DECKING

TCHITOLA (Oxystigma oxyphyllum) INTERIOR FLOORING VENEER FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Brownish-pink when freshly cut but matures to a reddish-brown colour upon HEARTWOOD COLOUR exposure. Dark gum rings give the wood a very attractive appearance. Well- marked and striking black and pale yellow stripes are also present Wijma: Sawn wood INTERIOR 3 DENSITY Kg/m 641 FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE RAILWAY MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1250 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma: BV-COC-070607 FLOORING DURABILITY Moderately Durable

TEXTURE Coarse to moderately Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good

Wijma: FSC-C013971 This species is relatively secure within its natural habitat in most areas in its range, including Congo. Very similar to Jatoba (Hymanaea courbaril). OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST The timber works well in , turning, boring, moulding, mortising, routing, and other machining operations. The timber is reported to perform poorly when exposed to atmospheric conditions. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/African/ GFTN-Cameroon htmlDocs_africa/Oxystigmaoxyphyllum.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

36 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE ENGINEERING & DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & INTERIOR VENEER CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE WINDOW DECKING FRAMES

ENGINEERING & GARDEN WINDOW RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES SLEEPERS DECKING

SUCUPIRA (Diplotropis purpurea) WINDOW INTERIOR GARDEN DECKING FLOORING VENEER FRAMES FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

South America VENEER GARDEN DISTRIBUTION DECKING FURNITURE Orsa Florestal:RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE Logs, LumberSLEEPERS (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other The heartwood is initially chocolate brown but it turns to a lighter brown cuts - domestic) HEARTWOOD COLOUR colour after seasoning, occasionally greyish brown with fine lighter stripes. The timber often has a waxy appearance. Von Humboldt Forest: GARDEN LogsVENEER & sawn wood INTERIOR 3 FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m 881 RAILWAY FURNITURE Green GoldFLOORING Forestry: SLEEPERS Solid wood (sawn, chipped, peeled) High SILICA CONTENT GARDEN CERTIFICATEINTERIOR CODE FURNITURE FURNITURE RAILWAY Moderate FLOORING SLEEPERS MOVEMENT IN SERVICE dimensional stability Orsa Florestal: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS SCS-COC-000638 2140 when Dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) INTERIOR Von Humboldt Forest: RAILWAY FURNITURE FLOORING SW-FM/COC-005713 SLEEPERS DURABILITY Durable Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849

RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Difficult Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761FLOORING

Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106640 The wood is reported to be similar to the African species, Wenge () in many mechanical properties. It is reported to be superior to Green Gold Forestry: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST hickory (Carya spp.) and White oak (Quercus alba). General finishing FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 qualities are rated as good.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/SUCUPIRA_PRETA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

37 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE FRAMES

AGUANO MASHA (Machaerium inundatum) RAILWAY DECKING SLEEPERS

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER FLOORING Von Humboldt Forest: , auburn and gold HEARTWOOD COLOUR Logs & sawn wood

Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 Dense Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Stable

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2200 when dry Von Humboldt Forest: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-FM/COC-005713 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: DURABILITY CU-FM/COC-813373 Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Delicate FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106640 Aguano masha is a heavy type of wood, showing mid-linear shrinkage and balanced volumetric shrinkage. Mechanical resistance is in the limit of Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: medium and high ranks. This wood is moderately difficult to due to its FSC-C005646 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST high mechanical resistance. Good workability, appropriate finish for the production of wooden floor tiles for export. Drying process is stable, low risk of warping. Alburnum is prone to biological attack, pieces containing some of it must be preserved. Duramen is resistant, therefore pieces made entirely out of it needn’t be preserved. Also known as Peruvian Teak. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog-of- GFTN-Peru Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

38 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION DECKING

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES

AKOUAPO (SACOGLOTTIS GABONENSIS) RAILWAY GARDEN DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa VENEER FLOORING INTERIOR FURNITURE Purple-red or medium brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Wijma: Sawn wood GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 865 RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fairly stable FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2250 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma: RAILWAY BV-COC-070607 SLEEPERS DURABILITY Naturally resistant to decay, and is not susceptible to attack by insects

FLOORING TEXTURE Fine and Even FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Wijma: FSC-C013971 The species is considerably stronger than White oak (Quercus spp.) or Teak OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST (Tectona grandis). The timber has excellent weathering properties, and is well suited for use in exterior applications.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/OZOUGA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

39 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

ENGINEERING & WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

AMARELINNO (APULEIA LEIOCARPA/ MOLLARIS) GARDEN WINDOW DECKING FURNITURE FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER Green Gold Forestry: Sawnwood &INTERIOR logs DECKING FURNITURE Maderera Rio Acre: Sawnwood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Lemon yellow becoming light brown with age Marvesa: Hardwood flooring & decking GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 881 DEKMA: Decking, fencing, tiles, outdoor furnitureVENEER RAILWAY Von Humboldt Forest: Logs & sawnSLEEPERS wood SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR GARDEN FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability FURNITURE FLOORING Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1660 when dry Maderera Rio Acre: SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) RAILWAY Marvesa: SW-COC-004229 INTERIOR SLEEPERS FURNITURE DURABILITY DEKMA: RA-COC-001658 Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

FLOORING TEXTURE Fine/ Medium FSC LICENSE #RAILWAY SLEEPERS

WORKING QUALITY Easy Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 Maderera Rio Acre: FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290

Marvesa: FSC-C010071 FLOORING

Naturally resistant to rot, decay and insect attack. Amarelinno is naturally DEKMA: FSC-C010118 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST scratch resistant which allows the surface to remain smooth for many years. Also has a Class A fire rating. A potential substitute for Wenge (Millettia Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106640 laurentii).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Bolivia; GFTN-Peru http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/GARAPA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

40 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

ENGINEERING & VENEER WINDOW CONSTRUCTION DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER DECKING FRAMES

ANGELIM RAJADO (MARMAROXYLON RACEMOSUM) INTERIOR GARDEN VENEER DECKING FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America GARDEN VENEER RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE SLEEPERS FURNITURE Light yellowish or orange brown, with conspicuous irregular purplish HEARTWOOD COLOUR brown streaks, and striping Orsa Florestal: Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squares and other cuts - domestic) GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 977 INTERIOR FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Fair to Good CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Stability - Medium Movement RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 3350 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Orsa Florestal: RAILWAY SCS-COC-000638 SLEEPERS DURABILITY FLOORING Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult

Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761 The species has exceptionally high bending strength properties in the air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content). It is far stronger than OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Hard maple (Acer saccharum), White oak (Quercus alba) or Teak (Tectona grandis). It is exceptionally heavy, weighing much more than White oak or Teak. The density of the wood is very high. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Brazil php?wood=Marmaroxylon%20racemosum www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

41 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE FRAMES

BAYABOCHI (CALYCOPHYLLUM SPRUCEANUM) RAILWAY DECKING SLEEPERS

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America Maderera Rio Yaveryja: VENEER Logs & Sawnwood FLOORING Marvesa: Pale brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Sawnwood, flooring & decking

Maderera Rio Acre: GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 817 Sawnwood Wood : Sawn wood SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Maderera Rio Yaveryja: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Marvesa: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 2630 when dry SW-COC-004229 RAILWAY SLEEPERS Maderera Rio Acre: DURABILITY SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 Durable Wood Tropical Forest: SW-FM/COC-005803 FLOORING TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

Maderera Rio Yaveryja: WORKING QUALITY Difficult FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 Marvesa: FSC-C010071

Maderera Rio Acre: Hard wood, good natural stability. Does not present difficulties during FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST sawing despite its hardness. A soft program kiln is required. Good finishing qualities. Difficult to work because of its hardness. Wood Tropical Forest: FSC-C106567 WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Peru of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

42 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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BISHOPWOOD (BISCHOFIA JAVANICA) GARDEN DECKING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia VENEER INTERIOR Sabah Forestry Department: FURNITURE Purple red brown in colour initially. The colour turns into a much deeper Logs HEARTWOOD COLOUR shade upon exposure. Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn BhdGARDEN (KPKKT): FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 689 Sawn timber, furniture, doors RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1370 when dry Sabah Forestry Department: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N RAILWAY Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn BhdSLEEPERS DURABILITY (KPKKT): Moderately durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

FLOORING TEXTURE Moderately fine to coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 % moisture content) (KPKKT): is very high. Strength in compression parallel to grain is in the high FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST range. Other species in this range include Teak (Tectona grandis), White oak (Quercus alba) and Hard maple (Acer saccharum). It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/show_properties. GFTN-Malaysia php?wood=Bischofia%20javanica www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

43 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

DECKING WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

VENEER DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE VENEER CONSTRUCTION DECKING

INTERIOR GARDEN WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES

CHIMICUA (PSEUDOLMEDIA LAEVIS) RAILWAY INTERIOR GARDEN DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE FURNITURE FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

Aserradero Espinoza: Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced DISTRIBUTION South America or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm; railway or tramway sleepersVENEER (cross-ties) of wood, not impregnated FLOORING RAILWAY INTERIOR Green Gold Forestry: Sawnwood &SLEEPERS logs FURNITURE Yellow Brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Maderera Rio Acre: Sawnwood Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3,GARDEN 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 689 Maderera Rio Yaverija: Sawn woodFLOORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS Von Humboldt Forest: Logs & sawn wood SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE

MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Good Stability Not found in literature Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: RA-FM/COC-002327 / RA- COC-002385 FLOORING JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1570 when dry Maderera Rio Acre: SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189RAILWAY SLEEPERS Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: CU-FM/COC-813373 DURABILITY Maderera Rio Yaverija: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503 Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

FLOORING FSC LICENSE # TEXTURE Intermediate

Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: FSC-C015683 / FSC-C019053 Moderately Difficult WORKING QUALITY Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 Maderera Rio Acre: FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290 Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: FSC-C005646 Maderera Rio Yaverija: FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Very abundant in Peru. A very dense and durable wood, suitable for heavy construction. Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106567

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Peru of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

44 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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KULIM (SCORODOCARPUS BORNEENSIS) DECKING

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia VENEER

Sabah Forestry Department: Dark red brown to purple brown and darkens after prolonged exposure HEARTWOOD COLOUR Logs

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn BhdGARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 849 (KPKKT): Sawn timber, furniture, doors

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement

Sabah Forestry Department: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1370 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N RAILWAY Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn BhdSLEEPERS DURABILITY (KPKKT): Durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

FLOORING TEXTURE Moderately fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Easy Sabah Forestry Department: Sabah Forestry Department FMU 17A / Sabah Forestry Department- USM FMU This species is reported to occur throughout the lowland forests in , the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. It is described as occasionally gregarious. Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of (KPKKT): OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Teak, which is considered to be strong. Compression strength parallel to grain FSC-C010333 in the air-dry condition is high. Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well. The weight is very high. The wood is very dense. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ php?wood=Scorodocarpus%20borneensis

45 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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LIMBALI (GILBERTIODENDRON DEWEVREI) GARDEN DECKING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Cream white to yellow white, or greyish-white or light beige Wijma: sawn wood GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 817 RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement FLOORING JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1660 when dry Wijma: RAILWAY BV-COC-070607 SLEEPERS DURABILITY Durable, treatment needed

FLOORING TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult

Wijma: FSC-C013971

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST General finishing qualities are rated as good.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon; GFTN-Republic of Congo http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/LIMBALI.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

46 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

VENEER WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION DECKING

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES

PEQUIARANA (CARYOCAR GLABRUM) RAILWAY GARDEN DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER Orsa Florestal: FLOORING INTERIOR Logs, Lumber (S2S, S4S - export, boards, beams, squaresFURNITURE and other cuts - domestic) HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellowish to light greyish brown Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 833 Von Humboldt Forest: RAILWAY Logs & sawn wood SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement FLOORING Orsa Florestal: SCS-COC-000638 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1800 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: RAILWAY CU-FM/COC-813373 SLEEPERS DURABILITY Very Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium to coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Easy Orsa Florestal: FSC-C002761

Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Species in the genus Caryocar are reported to be widespread throughout FSC-C005646 most of the Amazonia. The bending strength qualities of this species in the air-dry condition is very high, far superior to those of Mahogany. Von Humboldt Forest: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Compression strength parallel to grain in the air-dry condition is high. FSC-C106567 Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. It is hard - harder than Teak, and does not marr or dent easily. The weight is very high. The wood is very dense. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION php?wood=Caryocar%20glabrum www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

47 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION DECKING

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES

QUILLOBORDON ( VARGASII) RAILWAY GARDEN DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER FLOORING INTERIOR FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Dark yellow Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet GARDEN AIDER: FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 Dense Community Forest (logs and sawn wood) RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Good Stability FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) High CU-FM/COC-813373 RAILWAY SLEEPERS AIDER: DURABILITY SCS-FM/COC-004384 Very Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Delicate FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Easy Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: FSC-C005646

AIDER: Can replace Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). And better resistant FSC-C008155 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST properties than White Oak (Quercus alba) and American Beech (Fagus grandifolia).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION Contact GFTN Peru for more information on this species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

48 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION DECKING

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER FRAMES

SOTO ( BRASILIENSIS) RAILWAY GARDEN DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America VENEER FLOORING INTERIOR Mabet: FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish to light brown Manufacturer of wood products, such as doors, flooring and furniture (indoor and outdoor) GARDEN CIMAL: FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 1270 Garden furniture RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Not found in literature FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 4800 when dry Mabet: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-001057 RAILWAY CIMAL: SLEEPERS DURABILITY SW-FM/COC-000260 / SW-FM/COC-001652 / RA-COC-000676 / Durable, even in contact with soil RA-COC-000034

FLOORING TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult Mabet: FSC-C015707

CIMAL: FSC-C002459 / FSC-C011027 / FSC-C023077 / FSC-C003669 Soto is the hardest, heaviest and most durable wood found in OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Bolivian forests.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Bolivia of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

49 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

VENEER ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE WINDOW CONSTRUCTION DECKING FRAMES

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER DECKING FRAMES

TAMARINDO (DIALIUM GUIANENSE) RAILWAY GARDEN VENEER DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America GARDEN VENEER Von Humboldt Forest:FLOORING INTERIOR FURNITURE Logs & sawn wood FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Uniform brown or reddish brown, becoming darker upon exposure Green Gold Forestry: Solid wood (sawn, chipped, peeled) GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 961 AIDER: INTERIOR Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS Green Gold Forestry: JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 4000 when dry SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849 IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Von Humboldt Forest: RAILWAY SW-FM/COC-005713 SLEEPERS DURABILITY FLOORING Very Durable AIDER: SCS-FM/COC-004384

FLOORING TEXTURE Fine to Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106640

Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688

In parts of its range the tree is very common on well-drained clay soils or AIDER: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST sandy soils. General finishing qualities are rated as good. Specially tipped FSC-C008155 cutters are required to effectively saw or machine this wood.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/ GFTN-Peru htmlDocs_tropamerican/Dialiumguianense.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

50 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

VENEER ENGINEERING & WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE WINDOW CONSTRUCTION DECKING FRAMES

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER DECKING FRAMES

TRAM MOC/JAMBUL (SYZYGIUM CUMINII) RAILWAY GARDEN VENEER DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia GARDEN VENEER FLOORING INTERIOR FURNITURE For more information on GFTN producerFURNITURE participants, please visit: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish-brown or purplish-brown,usually dull and without figure. http://gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/current_participants/ browse_by_country/ GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 Not known INTERIOR RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS This species is also available as FSC certified from non- IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1423 when dry GFTN producer companies - for more information, pleaseRAILWAY visit: SLEEPERS

DURABILITY http://info.fsc.org/ FLOORING Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Moderately fine to fine and even. FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

The wood polishes well, transparent and stained coatings produce an OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST attractive appearance.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Vietnam; GFTN-Laos MORE INFORMATION view&gid=43 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

51 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION

INTERIOR WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE FRAMES

WALLABA (EPERUA FALCATA) RAILWAY DECKING SLEEPERS

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America VENEER FLOORING Biomaderas: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Red brown Forest products distributor / importer

McCorry & Co Ltd: GARDEN International timber and wood trading: - Panel products, sawn wood,FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 897 machined solid wood

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1978 when green Biomaderas: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-005452 RAILWAY SLEEPERS McCorry & Co Ltd: DURABILITY BV-COC-023370 Very Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately difficult Biomaderas: FSC-C105956

McCorry & Co Ltd: FSC-C111751 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST The timber is similar in properties to Meranti (Shorea spp. )

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Colombia, Equador, Panama & Venezuela, Northern MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/WALLABA.pdf Amazon and Chocó Darién www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

52 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW ENGINEERING & FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

VENEER ENGINEERING & DECKING CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN ENGINEERING & FURNITURE VENEER WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

INTERIOR GARDEN WINDOW ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE FURNITURE DECKING FRAMES

ZAPATERO (HYERONIMA ALCHORNEOIDES) RAILWAY INTERIOR VENEER DECKING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America GARDEN VENEER FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish-brown Biomaderas: Forest products distributor / importer GARDEN FURNITURE DENSITY Kg/m3 769 INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE INTERIOR FURNITURE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1700 when dry Biomaderas: RAILWAY SW-COC-005452 SLEEPERS DURABILITY FLOORING Very Durable

FLOORING TEXTURE Medium to coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Easy

The wood is fairly easy to saw and work with hand tools, good to moderately Biomaderas: good to , excellent for turning, mortising, boring, moulding and FSC-C105956 sanding but nailing the wood is very difficult without boring holes first. The finish is excellent when at least 3 layers of sealer is applied due to the big size OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST of the pores. Because of the woods natural beauty it is recommendable to use a transparent finish. Uses: High quality furniture, veneers, and general . Well suited for indoor as well as outdoor use. Because of the weight of the wood it is recommendable to minimize dimensions or to make permanent furniture, e.g. cabinets. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Peru, GFTN-Colombia, Equador, Panama & Venezuela, MORE INFORMATION http://www.nicaraguahardwoods.com/docs/Suradan_kilde_Cirad.pdf Northern Amazon and Chocó Darién www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

53 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

GARDEN DECKING FURNITURE

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS

ASIAN WALNUT (TERMINALIA TORMENTOSA) INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia RAILWAY For more information on GFTN producer participants,SLEEPERS please visit: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Basically brown with streaks http://gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/current_participants/ browse_by_country/ DENSITY Kg/m3 849 FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Not found in literature

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2220 when dry This species is also available as FSC certified from non- IN (LBS. OF FORCE) GFTN producer companies - for more information, please visit:

DURABILITY http://info.fsc.org/ Durable

TEXTURE Medium to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST General finishing qualities are rated as good.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/SEAsian_ GFTN-Vietnam; GFTN-Laos Oceanic/htmlDocs_SEAsian/Terminaliatomentosa.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

54 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER DECKING SLEEPERS

AYAN (DISTEMONANTHUS BENTHAMIANU) INTERIOR GARDEN VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE SLEEPERS FURNITURE Freshly-cut heartwood darkens from golden-yellow to orange-brown upon Groupe Décolvenaere: HEARTWOOD COLOUR exposure, sometimes with dark streaks. Sawn-wood

Wijma: DENSITY Kg/m3 721 Sawn wood INTERIOR FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1230 when dry Groupe Décolvenaere: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622

DURABILITY Wijma: FLOORING Moderate Durability BV-COC-070607

TEXTURE Medium to fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

Wijma: General finishing qualities are rated as good. Strength properties are FSC-C013971 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST comparable to those of Oak (Quercus spp.). A yellow-coloured dye in the wood may stain fabrics under moist conditions.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-; GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/MOVINGUI.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

55 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER DECKING SLEEPERS

BANG-LANG (LAGERSTROEMIA TORMENTOSA) INTERIOR GARDEN VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia GARDEN Truong Thanh: RAILWAY INTERIOR FURNITURE Garden furniture SLEEPERS FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow brown NWP Lao Industries Company Limited: Sawn wood, Indoor and Outdoor Furniture, decking

DENSITY Kg/m3 641 Sabah Forestry Department: INTERIOR Logs FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not Known CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Unstable RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS Truong Thanh: SGSHK-COC-001228 / SGSHK-COC-002981 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1050 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) NWP Lao Industries Company Limited: SW-COC-004736 DURABILITY FLOORING Moderately Durable Sabah Forestry Department: SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N

TEXTURE Moderately Fine to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Truong Thanh: FSC-C011411 / FSC-C015805

NWP Lao Industries Company Limited: FSC-C068056 This species can also be sourced by GFTN-Vietnam and GFTN-Laos participants for the manufacture of garden furniture, etc. Max harvest Sabah Forestry Department: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST from Laos forests for next 5 years: 21,870m3 CW & 2,624 m3 FSC. Strength FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420 properties comparable to Teak - other species in this range include White oak and Hard maple. It is a very abundant species. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Laos; GFTN-Vietnam MORE INFORMATION view&gid=433 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

56 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

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DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN FURNITURE

INTERIOR FURNITURE

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES SLEEPERS

BAYABOCHI (CALYCOPHYLLUM SPRUCEANUM) FLOORING

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America Maderera Rio Yaveryja: Logs & Sawnwood

Marvesa: Pale brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Sawnwood, flooring & decking

Maderera Rio Acre: DENSITY Kg/m3 817 Sawnwood Wood Tropical Forest: Sawn wood SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Maderera Rio Yaveryja: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2630 when dry Marvesa: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-004229

Maderera Rio Acre: DURABILITY SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 Durable Wood Tropical Forest: SW-FM/COC-005803

TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSE #

Maderera Rio Yaveryja: WORKING QUALITY Difficult FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 Marvesa: FSC-C010071

Maderera Rio Acre: Hard wood, good natural stability. Does not present difficulties during FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST sawing despite its hardness. A soft program kiln is required. Good finishing qualities. Difficult to work because of its hardness. Wood Tropical Forest: FSC-C106567 WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Peru of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

57 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

ENGINEERING & GARDEN DECKING CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE DECKING SLEEPERS

BONGO (FAGARA HEITZII) INTERIOR VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS Groupe Décolvenaère: Light yellow to greenish yellow HEARTWOOD COLOUR Sawn-wood

Wijma: DENSITY Kg/m3 512 sawn wood INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Not found in literature Groupe Décolvenaere: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SW-COC-004046 / SW-CW/FM-005327 / SW-COC-004733 / SW- FM/COC-004622

DURABILITY Wijma: FLOORING BV-COC-070607 Moderate Durability

TEXTURE Fine to medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Groupe Décolvenaere: FSC-C009192 / FSC-C092829 / FSC-C012782 / FSC-C041197

Wijma: Has the ability to regenerate in over logged forests. The wood is FSC-C013971 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST susceptible to stain and logs should be removed from the forest immediately after felling or be treated with an anti-sapstain chemical. General finishing qualities are rated as good. can be an irritant.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/OLON.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

58 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE DECKING

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER SLEEPERS

CANA-FISTULA (CASSIA JAVANICA) INTERIOR GARDEN FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia RAILWAY INTERIOR Sabah Forestry Department: SLEEPERS FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Initially bright yellow, but it matures into yellowish brown to dark brown. Logs

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): DENSITY Kg/m3 400-875 Sawn timber, furniture, doors FLOORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Sabah Forestry Department: 2750 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd DURABILITY (KPKKT): Durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): The timber is reported to be easy to work, and responds readily to FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST ordinary tools. It works with sharp tools to produce smooth surfaces in most operations.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.woodworkerssource.com/show_properties. GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION php?wood=Cassia%20javanica www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

59 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

ENGINEERING & GARDEN DECKING CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE DECKING SLEEPERS

CHENCHEN (ANTIARIS AFRICANA) INTERIOR VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central, West & East Africa GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS The heartwood varies in colour from cream to yellowish-brown or HEARTWOOD COLOUR yellowish-grey. Wijma: Sawn wood DENSITY Kg/m3 432 INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 505 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma: BV-COC-070607 DURABILITY FLOORING Non-Durable

TEXTURE Moderately coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Wijma: FSC-C013971 The timber is reported to slice into attractive, quartered striped veneers for decorative applications. Its strength in compression, or maximum OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST crushing strength, is medium - lower than that of Mahogany (Swietenia spp.) or Teak (Tectona grandis). A tendency to corrode and stain metals is reported to be controllable. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Cameroon php?wood=Antiaris%20africana www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

60 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

GARDEN DECKING FURNITURE

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE SLEEPERS

DUABANGA (DUABANGA SONNERATOIDES; DUABANGA GRANDIFLORA; INTERIOR FLOORING DUABANGA MOLLUCAN) FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia RAILWAY Sabah Forestry Department: SLEEPERS Logs HEARTWOOD COLOUR Light yellow to light brown Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): Sawn timber, furniture, doors DENSITY Kg/m3 480 FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE

MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability

Sabah Forestry Department: SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 460 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): DURABILITY SCS-FM/COC-00108N Not Durable

FSC LICENSE # TEXTURE Coarse

WORKING QUALITY Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): FSC-C010333 Quarter sawn material exhibits a very attractive figure. The timber is OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST described as moderately light with good strength properties.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/asia/DUABANGA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

61 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE DECKING

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER SLEEPERS

GEGATAL (SCHIMA NORONHAE/ CRENATA) INTERIOR GARDEN FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia RAILWAY INTERIOR Truong Thanh: SLEEPERS FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pink-brown, red-brown or grey-brown, but is sometimes dark red-brown. Garden furniture

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): DENSITY Kg/m3 450-920 Sawn timber, furniture, doors FLOORING RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1240 when dry Truong Thanh: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SGSHK-COC-001228 / SGSHK-COC-002981

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd DURABILITY (KPKKT): Durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

TEXTURE Fine to Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Truong Thanh: FSC-C011411 / FSC-C015805

Gegatal is used as a shade tree in coffee , for reforestation Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd and in water conservation in catchment areas, and as a cover crop (KPKKT): FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST in plantations of Merkus (Pinus merkusii) and Kauri ( dammara). This species can also be sourced by GFTN-Vietnam and GFTN-Laos participants for the manufacture of garden furniture, etc. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN-Vietnam view&gid=433 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

62 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

ENGINEERING & VENEER CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR FURNITURE DECKING

RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES VENEER SLEEPERS

HOANG-LINH (PELTOPHORUM DASYRACHIS) GARDEN FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia INTERIOR FURNITURE Light brown turning dark brown HEARTWOOD COLOUR Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): Sawn timber, furniture, doors DENSITY Kg/m3 740 RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent Stability - Small Movemen FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 990 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): SCS-FM/COC-00108N DURABILITY Very Durable

TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): The timber is attractively streaked and is suitable for furniture FSC-C010333 manufacture, interior finishing, panelling, mouldings, partitioning, OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST flooring, superior joinery and plywood. This species can also be sourced by GFTN-Vietnam and GFTN-Laos participants for the manufacture of garden furniture, etc. Max harvest from Laos forests for next 5 years: 1,458m3 CW & 175m3 WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION view&gid=433 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

63 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW CONSTRUCTION FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE DECKING FRAMES

GARDEN ENGINEERING & RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER CONSTRUCTION DECKING SLEEPERS

KOFRAMIRE (PTELEOPSIS HYLODENDRON) INTERIOR GARDEN WINDOW VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN RAILWAY INTERIOR DECKING FURNITURE SLEEPERS FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Wijma: sawn wood DENSITY Kg/m3 753 VENEER INTERIOR FLOORING RAILWAY FURNITURE SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE GARDEN MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement FURNITURE RAILWAY FLOORING SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Not found in literature IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma: BV-COC-070607 INTERIOR DURABILITY FURNITURE FLOORING Moderately Durable

TEXTURE Fine FSC LICENSERAILWAY # SLEEPERS

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Wijma: FLOORING FSC-C013971

OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Often confused with the Framiré ().

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Cameroon http://tropix.cirad.fr/africa/OSANGA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

64 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION WINDOW FRAMES

WINDOW FRAMES DECKING

DECKING ENGINEERING & VENEER CONSTRUCTION

VENEER GARDEN FURNITURE WINDOW FRAMES

GARDEN INTERIOR FURNITURE FURNITURE DECKING

INTERIOR RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER SLEEPERS

KO’ NIA/BUSH MANGO (IRVINGIA MALAYANA) RAILWAY GARDEN FLOORING SLEEPERS FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia FLOORING INTERIOR FURNITURE Yellow-brown with a greenish tinge, differentiated HEARTWOOD COLOUR from the pale yellow-brown or pale brown sapwood, attractive Sabah Forestry Department: fleck pattern on radial surface due to rays. Logs DENSITY Kg/m3 1042 RAILWAY SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Good Stability FLOORING

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2769 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Sabah Forestry Department: SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N

DURABILITY Moderately durable – Wood is not resistant to termites and only slightly resistant to fungi.

TEXTURE Moderately fine and even. FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Difficult

Sabah Forestry Department: The wood is very hard and very strong. It is slightly difficult to work when FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420 green and difficult when dry. Planing is difficult, the wood turns well, OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST and processing usually produces a moderately smooth to rough finish. This species can also be sourced by GFTN-Vietnam and GFTN-Laos participants for the manufacture of garden furniture, etc. Max harvest from Laos forests for next 5 years: 3,645m3 CW & 437 m3 FSC WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION view&gid=433 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

65 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION WINDOW FRAMES

WINDOW FRAMES DECKING

DECKING VENEER

VENEER GARDEN FURNITURE

GARDEN INTERIOR FURNITURE FURNITURE

INTERIOR ENGINEERING & RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE CONSTRUCTION SLEEPERS

KULIM (SCORODOCARPUS BORNEENSIS) RAILWAY WINDOW FLOORING SLEEPERS FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia FLOORING DECKING Sabah Forestry Department: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Dark red brown to purple brown and darkens after prolonged exposure Logs

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): DENSITY Kg/m3 849 Sawn timber, furniture, doors VENEER

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE GARDEN MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement FURNITURE

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 1370 when dry Sabah Forestry Department: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan TerengganuINTERIOR Sdn Bhd DURABILITY (KPKKT): FURNITURE Durable SCS-FM/COC-00108N

TEXTURE Moderately fine FSC LICENSE #RAILWAY SLEEPERS

WORKING QUALITY Fairly Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420 This species is reported to occur throughout the lowland forests in FLOORING Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. It is described as occasionally Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd gregarious. (KPKKT): The bending strength of air-dried wood of the species is similar to that of FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Teak, which is considered to be strong. Compression strength parallel to grain in the air-dry condition is high. Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well. The weight is very high. The wood is very dense. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood. GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/ php?wood=Scorodocarpus%20borneensis

66 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW ENGINEERING & VENEER FRAMES CONSTRUCTION

GARDEN FURNITURE DECKING WINDOW FRAMES

INTERIOR VENEER FURNITURE DECKING

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE VENEER SLEEPERS

TENTO (ORMOSIA COCCINEA) INTERIOR GARDEN FLOORING FURNITURE FURNITURE FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

South America DISTRIBUTION Aserradero Espinoza: Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm;RAILWAY railway orINTERIOR tramway sleepers (cross-ties) of wood, not impregnated SLEEPERS FURNITURE HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow brown Green Gold Forestry: Sawnwood & logs Maderera Rio Acre: Sawnwood DENSITY Kg/m3 753 Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3, 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet FLOORING RAILWAY Maderera Rio Yaverija: Sawn wood SLEEPERS SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE

MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: RA-FM/COC-002327FLOORING / RA- COC-002385 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) 1680 when dry Coarse Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849 Maderera Rio Acre: SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 DURABILITY Moderately Durable Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: CU-FM/COC-813373 Maderera Rio Yaverija: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: FSC-C015683 / FSC-C019053 Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688

Maderera Rio Acre: FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290

This species is widespread in Latin America. High density and high Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: FSC-C005646 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST mechanic resistance with good natural durability. Its decorative appearance means it can be used not only in flooring, but also in furniture Maderera Rio Yaverija: FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 or for decorative items.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/TENTO.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

67 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

ENGINEERING & GARDEN DECKING CONSTRUCTION FURNITURE

INTERIOR VENEER WINDOW FURNITURE FRAMES

GARDEN RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE DECKING SLEEPERS

THONG NANG (PODOCARPUS IMBRICATUS) INTERIOR VENEER FLOORING FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia GARDEN RAILWAY FURNITURE Pinkish-, yellowish-, or orange-brown, SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR sapwood whitish, often not clearly differentiated, lustrous, becoming dull with age. Sabah Forestry Department: Logs DENSITY Kg/m3 520 INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Not found in literature RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 917 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Sabah Forestry Department: SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N DURABILITY FLOORING Non-Durable

TEXTURE Fine and even FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

This species can also be sourced by GFTN-Vietnam and GFTN-Laos OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST participants for the manufacture of garden furniture, etc.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_ GFTN-Malaysia MORE INFORMATION view&gid=433 www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

68 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN FURNITURE

INTERIOR FURNITURE

ENGINEERING & RAILWAY ALTERNATIVE SPECIES CONSTRUCTION SLEEPERS

UTUCURO (SEPTHOTECA TESSMANNII) WINDOW FLOORING FRAMES

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America DECKING

AIDER: Light yellowy red HEARTWOOD COLOUR Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)

Von Humboldt Forest: DENSITY Kg/m3 550 to 750 Logs & sawn

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE GARDEN MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability FURNITURE

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Not found in literature AIDER: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-004384 INTERIOR Von Humboldt Forest: FURNITURE DURABILITY SW-FM/COC-005713 Not fully understood

TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #RAILWAY SLEEPERS

WORKING QUALITY Easy AIDER: FSC-C008155 FLOORING Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106640 Can be suitable for structural timber (beams and joists) as well as panelling, OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST formwork and doors.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION http://www.pronaturaleza.org/archivos/pdf/xilema_22.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

69 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW FRAMES VENEER

GARDEN ALTERNATIVE SPECIES DECKING FURNITURE

ANGUEUK (ONGOKEA GORE) VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & West Africa GARDEN FURNITURE RAILWAY SLEEPERS Pale yellow HEARTWOOD COLOUR Wijma: sawn wood DENSITY Kg/m3 865 INTERIOR FURNITURE FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 2300 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Wijma: BV-COC-070607 DURABILITY FLOORING Durable

TEXTURE Fine and even FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy

Wijma: FSC-C013971 General finishing qualities are rated as good. The species has very high bending strength, and is much stronger than Teak (Tectona grandis) in OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST the air-dry condition (about 12 % moisture content). Maximum crushing strength, or compression parallel to grain, is exceptionally high. The weight is very high. The species has very high density. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/African/ GFTN-Cameroon htmlDocs_africa/Ongokeagore.html www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

70 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DECKING

WINDOW VENEER FRAMES

GARDEN ALTERNATIVE SPECIES DECKING FURNITURE

BITTERWOOD (SIMAROUBA AMARA) VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America GARDEN FURNITURE RAILWAY Industria Maderera San Luis: SLEEPERS Integrated forest products company (Sawnwood) HEARTWOOD COLOUR Whitish, straw-coloured, or cream white to yellow white AIDER: Community Forest (logs and sawn wood) 3 416 DENSITY Kg/m INTERIOR FLOORING Green Gold Forestry: FURNITURE Sawnwood & logs

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Dimensionally stable after seasoning RAILWAY SLEEPERS Industria Maderera San Luis: SW-FM/COC-000116 / SW-COC-001357 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 440 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) AIDER: SCS-FM/COC-004384 DURABILITY FLOORING Moderately Durable Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849

TEXTURE Medium to Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good Industria Maderera San Luis: FSC-C017670 / FSC-C004954

The genus Simarouba consists of and small, medium-sized, or large AIDER: that are widely distributed in tropical America. Their growth range FSC-C008155 extends through northern South America from Venezuela and the Guianas to Green Gold Forestry: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST the Amazon region of , as well as Trinidad and Tobago. Simarouba grow principally in the Guianas and the Amazon region in Brazil. General finishing FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688 qualities are rated as good. The wood has good finishing and polishing characteristics. Grain filling after sanding is reported to give the best surface finishing results. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Bolivia; GFTN-Peru MORE INFORMATION http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/MARUPA.pdf www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

71 ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

WINDOW FRAMES

DECKING

VENEER

GARDEN ALTERNATIVE SPECIES FURNITURE

ARAPARI (MACROLOBIUM ACACIAEFOLIUM) INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America RAILWAY SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish-yellow AIDER: Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)

3 753 DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Stable

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Not known AIDER: SCS-FM/COC-004384 DURABILITY Medium durability

TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good

AIDER: FSC-C008155

Can also be used in door manufacture. General finishing qualities are OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST rated as good. Large amounts can be found in the central Amazon.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Peru of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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BAMBULO ( OFFICINALIS) INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America RAILWAY For more information on GFTN producer participants, SLEEPERS please visit: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellow white or grey http://gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/current_participants/ browse_by_country/ 3 496 DENSITY Kg/m FLOORING

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Fair to Good Stability

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 657 when dry This species is also available as FSC certified from non- IN (LBS. OF FORCE) GFTN producer companies - for more information, please visit:

DURABILITY http://info.fsc.org/ Non-Durable

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy to machine

Also known as Dragon’s Blood Tree, as while it is growing the wood produces blood-coloured resin which pours through fissures in the bark. OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Suggested as a possible alternative to Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana) and African Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis).

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN Responsible Forestry Coordinator http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Pterocarpusofficinalis.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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HURA (HURA CREPITANS) VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America Maderera Rio Yaveryja: GARDEN Logs & Sawnwood FURNITURE RAILWAY SLEEPERS

Cream white to yellow white, or greyish-white or light beige AIDER: HEARTWOOD COLOUR Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)

Maderera Rio Acre: 3 432 Sawnwood DENSITY Kg/m INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE Von Humboldt Forest: Logs & sawn wood SILICA CONTENT Medium CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Seasoned wood is reported to have fair dimensional stability RAILWAY Maderera Rio Yaveryja: SLEEPERS RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 550 when dry AIDER: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-004384

Maderera Rio Acre: DURABILITY SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 FLOORING Moderately Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

TEXTURE Texture is reported to vary from moderately fine and even, or medium FSC LICENSE # coarse to coarse

Maderera Rio Yaveryja: WORKING QUALITY Good FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 AIDER: FSC-C008155

Maderera Rio Acre: General finishing qualities are rated as good. Dust from machining FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST operations is reported to cause skin irritation in some individuals. Von Humboldt Forest: FSC-C106567 WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Bolivia; GFTN-Peru http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/ACACU.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America Aserradero Espinoza: Wood, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm; railway or tramway sleepersRAILWAY (cross-ties) of wood, not impregnated SLEEPERS

HEARTWOOD COLOUR Reddish-brown Green Gold Forestry: Sawnwood & logs

Maderera Rio Acre: Sawnwood

3 Low DENSITY Kg/m Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: Sawn wood, Kiln dried- 2, 3,FLOORING 4W- 5 upL- 6 to 16 feet

Maderera Rio Yaverija: Sawn wood SILICA CONTENT Not known CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Moderate dimensional stability Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: RA-FM/COC-002327 / RA- COC-002385 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Not known Green Gold Forestry: SW-FM/COC-005476 / CU-COC-814849

Maderera Rio Acre: SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 DURABILITY Low Durability Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: CU-FM/COC-813373

Maderera Rio Yaverija: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503

TEXTURE Thick FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Moderately Easy Aserradero Espinoza S.A.: FSC-C015683 / FSC-C019053 Green Gold Forestry: FSC-C104253 / FSC-C103688

Maderera Rio Acre: FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290

Considerable amounts of this species can be found in the Peruvian Consorcio Forestal Amazonico: FSC-C005646 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Amazon. The wood from this species has high potential use, and can also be used in joinery and indoor construction. Maderera Rio Yaverija: FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog- GFTN-Peru of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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JACARANDA (JACARANDA COPAIA) VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION Central & South America GARDEN FURNITURE RAILWAY SLEEPERS HEARTWOOD COLOUR Pinkish White AIDER: Community Forest (logs and sawn wood)

3 416 DENSITY Kg/m INTERIOR FLOORING FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent Stability - Small Movement RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 350 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) AIDER: SCS-FM/COC-004384 DURABILITY FLOORING Non Durable

TEXTURE Medium FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Good

The species is reported to be widely distributed from Belize to Bolivia AIDER: and north-eastern Brazil. It is reported to grow in the upland forests of FSC-C008155 the Amazon region and is also common in the mixed hardwood forests of OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Guyana. Regenerates abundantly on old clearings. It is a low density and soft, lightweight wood. Copaia wood is reported to compare favourably to White pine in cleavage properties. It is harder than White pine, but is inferior in tension perpendicular to grain, modulus of rupture, impact strength or shock resistance, and shearing strength. WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Peru http://tropix.cirad.fr/america/PARA-PARA.pdf MORE INFORMATION www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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LUPUNA (CEIBA SAMAUMA) INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South America RAILWAY Maderera Rio Acre: SLEEPERS Sawnwood HEARTWOOD COLOUR Yellowish red Maderera Rio Yaverija: Sawn wood DENSITY Kg/m3 432 Von Humboldt Forest: FLOORING Logs & sawn wood

SILICA CONTENT Not found in literature CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement

Maderera Rio Acre: SW-FM/COC-002176 / SW-COC-002189 JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS 850 when dry IN (LBS. OF FORCE) Maderera Rio Yaverija: RA-FM/COC-002175 / RA-COC-003503 DURABILITY Durable Von Humboldt Forest: SW-FM/COC-005713

TEXTURE Coarse FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Maderera Rio Acre: FSC-C017050 / FSC-C003290

Maderera Rio Yaverija: FSC-C003999 / FSC-C017248 Widespread throughout the Amazon. It is a dense and moderately durable wood. Von Humboldt Forest: OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST FSC-C106567

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

MORE INFORMATION http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A-Catalog-of- GFTN-Peru Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

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MEMPISANG (MEZZETIA LEPTOPODA) VENEER INTERIOR FURNITURE

FEATURES FSC CERTIFIED SUPPLIERS

DISTRIBUTION South- East Asia GARDEN FURNITURE RAILWAY SLEEPERS Sabah Forestry Department: Yellow brown sometimes with a green or pink tinge HEARTWOOD COLOUR Logs

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd 3 608 (KPKKT): DENSITY Kg/m INTERIOR FLOORING Sawn timber, furniture, doors FURNITURE

SILICA CONTENT High CERTIFICATE CODE MOVEMENT IN SERVICE Excellent stability - small movement RAILWAY SLEEPERS

JANKA/SIDE HARDNESS Sabah Forestry Department: IN (LBS. OF FORCE) SCS-FM/COC-00136N / SCS-FM/COC-00141N

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd DURABILITY (KPKKT): FLOORING Not durable when subjected to the elements or in contact with the ground. SCS-FM/COC-00108N

TEXTURE Medium to fine FSC LICENSE #

WORKING QUALITY Easy Sabah Forestry Department: FSC-C102360 / FSC-C102420

Kumpulan Pengurusan Kayu Kayan Terengganu Sdn Bhd (KPKKT): FSC-C010333 OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST Timber has a high silica content, which may blunt tools.

WWF/GFTN OFFICES

GFTN-Malaysia; GFTN-Indonesia MORE INFORMATION Contact GFTN-Indonesia for more information on this species www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/contacts/

78 END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

AMARELINNO Apuleia leiocarpa/ mollaris WINDOW FRAMES KOFRAMIRE Pteleopsis hylodendron KULIM Scorodocarpus borneensis

DECKING UTUCURO Septhoteca tessmannii

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

AGUANO MASHA Machaerium inundatum WINDOW FRAMES AKOUAPO Sacoglottis gabonensis AMARELINNO Apuleia leiocarpa/ mollaris ANGELIM RAJADO Marmaroxylon racemosum ANANTA Cynometra ananta DECKING BAYABOCHI Calycophyllum spruceanum BISHOPWOOD Bischofia javanica CHIMICUA Pseudolmedia laevis VENEER KULIM Scorodocarpus borneensis LIMBALI Gilbertiodendron dewevrei PEQUIARANA Caryocar glabrum GARDEN QUILLOBORDON Aspidosperma vargasii FURNITURE SOTO TAMARINDO Dialium guianense TRAM MOC/ JAMBUL Syzygium cuminii INTERIOR WALLABA Eperua falcata FURNITURE ZAPATERO Hyeronima alchorneoides

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

BITTERWOOD Simarouba amara WINDOW FRAMES ANGELIM RAJADO Marmaroxylon racemosum ANGUEUK Ongokea gore

DECKING AYAN Distemonanthus benthamianus BANG-LANG Lagerstroemia tormentosa BONGO Fagara heitzii VENEER CHENCHEN Antiaris africana HURA Hura crepitans

GARDEN JACARANDA Jacaranda copaia FURNITURE KOFRAMIRE Pteleopsis hylodendron MEMPISANG Mezzetia leptopoda INTERIOR TAMARINDO Dialium guianense FURNITURE THONG NANG Podocarpus imbricatus TRAM MOC/ JAMBUL Syzygium cuminii

RAILWAY SLEEPERS ZAPATERO Hyeronima alchorneoides

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

WINDOW FRAMES AKOUAPO Sacoglottis gabonensis AMARELINNO Apuleia leiocarpa/ mollaris

DECKING ANGELIM RAJADO Marmaroxylon racemosum AYAN Distemonanthus benthamianus BANG-LANG Lagerstroemia tormentosa VENEER BISHOPWOOD Bischofia javanica CANA-FISTULA Cassia Javanica

GARDEN CHIMICUA Pseudolmedia laevis FURNITURE KO’ NIA/ BUSH MANGO Irvingia malayana GEGATAL Schima noronhae/ crenata INTERIOR HOANG-LINH Peltophorum dasyrachis FURNITURE KOFRAMIRE Pteleopsis hylodendron LIMBALI Gilbertiodendron dewevrei

RAILWAY SLEEPERS PEQUIARANA Caryocar glabrum QUILLOBORDON Aspidosperma vargasii SOTO Schinopsis brasiliensis FLOORING TAMARINDO Dialium guianense TENTO Ormosia coccinea

ENGINEERING & TRAM MOC/ JAMBUL Syzygium cuminii CONSTRUCTION

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

BITTERWOOD Simarouba amara WINDOW FRAMES ANGELIM RAJADO Marmaroxylon racemosum ANGUEUK Ongokea gore ARAPARI Macrolobium acaciaefolium

DECKING ASIAN WALNUT Terminalia tormentosa AYAN Distemonanthus benthamianus BAMBULO Pterocarpus officinalis BANG-LANG Lagerstroemia tormentosa VENEER BONGO Fagara heitzii CANA-FISTULA Cassia Javanica CHENCHEN Antiaris africana GARDEN FURNITURE CHIMICUA Pseudolmedia laevis DUABANGA Duabanga sonneratoides; Duabanga grandiflora; Duabanga mollucana INTERIOR GEGATAL Schima noronhae/ crenata FURNITURE HURA Hura crepitans HIGUERILLA NEGRA Micranda spruceana JACARANDA Jacaranda copaia RAILWAY SLEEPERS KOFRAMIRE Pteleopsis hylodendron LUPUNA Ceiba samauma MEMPISANG Mezzetia leptopoda TENTO Ormosia coccinea FLOORING THONG NANG Podocarpus imbricatus ZAPATERO Hyeronima alchorneoides

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

AGUANO MASHA Machaerium inundatum WINDOW FRAMES AKOUAPO Sacoglottis gabonensis BAYABOCHI Calycophyllum spruceanum

DECKING CHIMICUA Pseudolmedia laevis KO’ NIA/ BUSH MANGO Irvingia malayana KULIM Scorodocarpus borneensis VENEER PEQUIARANA Caryocar glabrum QUILLOBORDON Aspidosperma vargasii

GARDEN SOTO Schinopsis brasiliensis FURNITURE TAMARINDO Dialium guianense TRAM MOC/ JAMBUL Syzygium cuminii INTERIOR WALLABA Eperua falcata FURNITURE ZAPATERO Hyeronima alchorneoides

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name AGUANO MASHA Machaerium inundatum

WINDOW AKOUAPO Sacoglottis gabonensis FRAMES AMARELINNO Apuleia leiocarpa/ mollaris ANANTA Cynometra ananta ANGELIM RAJADO Marmaroxylon racemosum ANGUEUK Ongokea gore DECKING ASIAN WALNUT Terminalia tormentosa AYAN Distemonanthus benthamianus BANG-LANG Lagerstroemia tormentosa BAYABOCHI Calycophyllum spruceanum VENEER BISHOPWOOD Bischofia javanica BONGO Fagara heitzii CANA-FISTULA Cassia Javanica

GARDEN CHENCHEN Antiaris africana FURNITURE DUABANGA Duabanga sonneratoides; Duabanga grandiflora; Duabanga mollucana GEGATAL Schima noronhae/ crenata HOANG-LINH Peltophorum dasyrachis INTERIOR FURNITURE KOFRAMIRE Pteleopsis hylodendron KO’ NIA/ BUSH MANGO Irvingia malayana KULIM Scorodocarpus borneensis LIMBALI Gilbertiodendron dewevrei RAILWAY PEQUIARANA Caryocar glabrum SLEEPERS QUILLOBORDON Aspidosperma vargasii TAMARINDO Dialium guianense TENTO Ormosia coccinea THONG NANG Podocarpus imbricatus FLOORING TRAM MOC/ JAMBUL Syzygium cuminii UTUCURO Septhoteca tessmannii WALLABA Eperua falcata

ENGINEERING & ZAPATERO Hyeronima alchorneoides CONSTRUCTION

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FLOORING END USES Click on any alternative species for more details. Click on end uses to view alternative species by end use. ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION Species trade name/s Scientific name

ANGELIM VERMELHO (Dinizia Excelsa) WINDOW CUBIUBA (Goupia Glabra) FRAMES EVEUSS (Klainedoxa Gabunensis) OKAN (Cylicodiscus Gabunensis) PEQUIA (Caryocar Villosum)

DECKING TALI (Erythrophleum Suaveolens)

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FLOORING REFERENCES SOURCE WEB LINK

CIRAD - French agricultural research organization http://www.cirad.fr/en

Environment Agency, TRADA et al - ‘Assessment of Lesser Known http://evidence.environment-agency.gov.uk/FCERM/en/ Hardwood Timber Species for Use in Marine and Freshwater Default/HomeAndLeisure/Floods/WhatWereDoing/Into- Construction’ 2011 TheFuture/ScienceProgramme/ResearchAndDevelopment/ FCRM/Project.aspx?ProjectID=f88f3659-440a-42c5-9290- 53495e338a83&PageID=56bad68e-dcb1-4bf8-84cc-cbfd03ab63a2

Forestry Research Institute of Ghana - ‘Properties of 10 Ghanaian High KWWSVZZZIRUQLVQHWV\VWHP¿OHV/HVVHUB8VHGBVSHFLHVSGI Density Lesser Used Species of Importance to Bridge Construction - Part 1: Green Moisture Content, Basic Density and Shrinkage Characteristic.’

)RUHVW6WHZDUGVKLS&RXQFLO )6& &HUWL¿FDWH'DWDEDVH http://info.fsc.org/

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Denmark - ‘Tropical wood, http://www.fsc.dk/index.php?id=262 Introducing Lesser known species’

Greenpeace UK - ‘Good Wood Guide’ 2004 http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullRe- port/6759.pdf

International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO) http://www.itto.int/

International Wood Products Association http://www.iwpawood.org/displaycommon. cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=81

IUCN 2011, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - Version 2011.2 http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/search

Maderas Sostenibles http://www.reforestationinvestments.com/index.shtml

Morlan Wood Gifts http://www.morlanwoodgifts.com/MM011.ASP?pageno=209

Precious Woods http://www.preciouswoods.com/

Sabah Forestry Department wood databank http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/

The Wood Explorer http://www.thewoodexplorer.com

87 REFERENCES SOURCE WEB LINK

USAID - ‘Forest communities & the marketing of lesser known species http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACY401.pdf from Mesoamerica’

US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/techsheets

Wood Database http://www.wood-database.com

Wood Workers Source http://www.woodworkerssource.com/

WWF - ‘Promoting responsible forest trade of lesser known timber http://assets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_lkts_brochure.pdf species’ 2009

WWF Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN) http://www.gftn.panda.org/about_gftn/current_participants/

WWF - ‘Woods from Peru: A Catalog of Peru’s Lesser Known Timber http://gftn.panda.org/newsroom/?200967/Woods-from-Peru-A- Species’ 2011 Catalog-of-Perus-Lesser-Known-Timber-Species

WWF Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN) ‘Participants Supply http://www.gftn.panda.org/resources/factsheets/?179821/GFTN- Information (Bolivia & Peru)’ 2010 Participants-Supply-Information-Bolivia--Peru

WWF - ‘Lesser Known Timber Species of Vietnam’ http://www.ptm.org.vn/index.php?option=com_ docman&task=doc_view&gid=433

88 WWF/GFTN CONTACT INFORMATION

Tropical in Gabon. © Martin Harvey / WWF-Canon. At WWF we’re creating solutions to the most serious conservation challenges facing our planet, helping people and nature to thrive. We’re well-known around the world for our work with wildlife, but there’s much more to WWF than pandas and tigers … Find out more and get involved at wwf.org.uk.

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© 1986 panda symbol and ® “WWF” and “Global Forest & Trade Network” Registered Trademarks of WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), WWF-International.

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