DOCSLIB.ORG

Geoscenario Resources—Glaciers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geoscenario Resources—Glaciers Geoscenario Resources—Glaciers: Geologist Task Now that you have explored as a team the general story of how glaciers shaped the midwestern and northeastern United States, it is time for each of you to dive into more specialized information. The geologist focuses on regional features shaped by glaciers and how they formed. Add helpful details to your notes for Geoscenario Team Questions. Then work together and combine all the information to successfully present your story of glaciers. Questions for the Geologist to Consider • What geological features in this region were formed by glaciers? • What is the geological story of how the features were formed? Information Over a period of 10,000 years (100,000–110,000 years ago), the temperature dropped about 17°C, and the most recent glacial period began (evidence from oxygen ratios and foraminifera data). Around 20,000–35,000 years ago, the Laurentide (or Wisconsin) Ice Sheet covered most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States. The massive ice sheet scraped away layers of earth materials as it pushed southward. Geologists look for clues today that help them determine the path and rate of glacial movement. The Great Lakes A glacier pushing poorly sorted glacial till in front of it. The glacial till forms a fill basins that the glaciers carved. In other areas, moraine. © iStockphoto/cotesebastien exposed rock displays scrape marks created by advancing ice carrying rocks and debris, called glacial till. Piles of glacial till form landmarks like moraines. Even huge boulders can be carried by glaciers. When geologists spot a boulder in an unexpected place, called an erratic, they often suspect a glacier carried it there. Glacial till being carried along by a glacier as it moves down the valley. As the glacier melts (near bottom of the picture), it deposits till that forms moraines along the sides and in the middle of the glacier. © Bruce Molnia, Terra Photographics A glacier moved over this bedrock. Rocks embedded in the glacier dug these grooves, or striations, in the bedrock. The grooves show which way the glacier was moving. Courtesy of US Geological Society FOSS Next Generation Glaciers—Page 1 of 8 © The Regents of the University of California Version date November 20, 2018 Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 14,000 Years Ago 9,000 Years Ago ICE ICE Lake Chicago Lake St. Lawrence St. Lawrence Algonquin River River Early Lake Ontario Lake Maumee Early Lake Erie These maps show the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The meltwater level in the Great Lake basins 14,000 years ago was much higher than it is today. Courtesy National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. Here are some things to think about that should be part of your story of this region. • Look at the images above. Why didn’t the meltwater flow out the St. Lawrence River 14,000 years ago, as it does today? • Look at the rock column to the right. What happened to the rock in the Great Lakes basin that was less than 400 million years old? Events 25,000–20,000 years ago: Glaciers advancing from the Laurentide Ice Sheet carve out the Great Lake basins. 21,000–18,000 years ago: Terminal moraines deposit at the southern edge of the glaciers in northeastern and midwestern United States. 18,000 years ago: Oldest seashells on Long Island and Cape Cod. 11,000 years ago: Glaciers retreat to just north A rock column from a Great Lakes basin. The top layer is glacial till of the St. Lawrence River. Water flows out of the (a few thousand years old) directly on top of Silurian rock, which is over 400 million St. Lawrence River. Water levels in Lake Ontario years old. (Undifferentiated layers cannot be precisely aged.) and Lake Erie suddenly drop to about the level Courtesy US Geological Survey. they are today. Vocabulary erratic boulder out-of-place boulder moraine a mound of glacial till that is deposited composed of rock that is different from the around at the edges of an advancing glacier bedrock or other area rock terminal moraine a mound of glacial till that is glacial till poorly sorted earth materials that are deposited at the front end of a glacier carried and deposited by glaciers FOSS Next Generation Glaciers—Page 2 of 8 © The Regents of the University of California Version date November 20, 2018 Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. Geoscenario Resources—Glaciers: Glaciologist Task Now that you have explored as a team the general story of how glaciers shaped the midwestern and northeastern United States, it is time for each of you to dive into more specialized information. The glaciologist notes focus on how glaciers form, advance and retreat, and what information glaciers can provide about past environments. Add helpful details to your notes for the Geoscenario Team Questions. Then work together and combine all the information to successfully present your story of glaciers. Questions for the Glaciologist to Consider • How do glaciers form, advance, and retreat? • What information do glaciers provide about past environments? Information Glaciers are always moving forward. A receding glacier is not moving backward; it is simply Glaciers store about 69 percent of the world’s melting faster than it is moving forward. A fresh water. Almost 10 percent of the world’s glacier that is building and moving forward faster landmass is currently covered with glaciers, than it is melting is called an advancing glacier. mostly in Greenland and Antarctica. Glacier Formation Glaciers can form when more snow falls in the winter than melts during the summer. Snow accumulates and stays year-round at high altitudes and high latitudes. After enough layers of snow accumulate, there is so much weight pushing down on the lower layers of snow that they are transformed into extremely dense layers of glacial ice. If the ice is in a mountain valley, gravity slowly pulls the dense, massive ice toward lower elevations. If it is on flat land, the weight of the ice where it is the thickest will cause the ice on the bottom to flow outward, as seen in the diagram below. This map shows how much of North America the Laurentide (or Wisconsin) Ice Sheet covered during the last glacial period. The arrows show the flow direction of the ice sheet. Courtesy USGS. Water from glaciers is constantly melting and refreezing. The water runs into cracks in the bedrock and refreezes and expands, breaking off pieces of the rock. The rocks, boulders, and other earth materials that have frozen in the ice become A glaciologist in an ice cave in the Mendenhall Glacier in Alaska. Glacial ice is so dense part of the glacier and are carried along with the that only the blue-spectrum light can escape. glacier as it moves. © Bruce Molina, Terra Photographics FOSS Next Generation Glaciers—Page 3 of 8 © The Regents of the University of California Version date November 20, 2018 Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. Other Interesting Facts • When the climate warmed and the glaciers began to melt, they produced millions of cubic kilometers of very cold meltwater. • Moraines from retreating glaciers formed dams that kept the meltwater from flowing south. • Towering, retreating glaciers formed ice dams that kept the meltwater from flowing north. • Snow that formed the estimated 70 million cubic kilometers of ice-age glaciers in North America came from water that evaporated from the ocean. This lowered the ocean level worldwide by 130–150 meters. Notice the layers within the glacier. Courtesy US Geological Survey Stories in the Ice • Each year, snow forms a layer of ice in a glacier. Ice cores can be drilled and removed from the A glaciologist taking a sample glacier in order to study the layers. of an ice core. • Each layer of ice can be analyzed to determine Courtesy of National what was happening during the year that the Oceanic and Atmospheric ice accumulated. Administration • Air bubbles trapped in the ice can hold stories of air temperature and atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane, and sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruptions. • Ice layers can also tell stories about atmospheric concentrations of volcanic ash and pollen. • Some ice cores from Antarctica provide a record of over 400,000 years. Events 20,000 years ago: Glacial ice cores indicate the beginning of a gradual warming trend. 15,000-11,000 years ago: The Laurentide Ice Sheet retreats from the northern United States. 1300-1850: Glacial ice cores show temperatures are 3–8°C (6–14°F) cooler during the 550-year period in North America and Europe. 1815-1816: Volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide gas bubbles are found in glaciers around the globe. 1850 (beginning of the industrial age): Boulders in a small pond of meltwater being carried along on top of a glacier. When the glacier melts, the boulders will be deposited in an area far from where they Ice-core data show that CO2 in the atmosphere originated. © iStockphoto/Roman Krochuk begins to increase. Vocabulary 1950: Direct measurement of the CO2 level in the atmosphere shows a more rapid increase, atmospheric CO2 concentration of carbon which continues to the present time. dioxide gas in the atmosphere ice cores cylinders of ice that have been drilled out of a glacier meltwater water from the melting glaciers FOSS Next Generation Glaciers—Page 4 of 8 © The Regents of the University of California Version date November 20, 2018 Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. Geoscenario Resources—Glaciers: Paleoclimatologist Task Now that you have explored as a team the general story of how glaciers shaped the midwestern and northeastern United States, it is time for each of you to dive into more specialized information.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lexicon of Pleistocene Stratigraphic Units of Wisconsin
    Lexicon of Pleistocene Stratigraphic Units of Wisconsin ON ATI RM FO K CREE MILLER 0 20 40 mi Douglas Member 0 50 km Lake ? Crab Member EDITORS C O Kent M. Syverson P P Florence Member E R Lee Clayton F Wildcat A Lake ? L L Member Nashville Member John W. Attig M S r ik be a F m n O r e R e TRADE RIVER M a M A T b David M. Mickelson e I O N FM k Pokegama m a e L r Creek Mbr M n e M b f a e f lv m m i Sy e l M Prairie b C e in Farm r r sk er e o emb lv P Member M i S ill S L rr L e A M Middle F Edgar ER M Inlet HOLY HILL V F Mbr RI Member FM Bakerville MARATHON Liberty Grove M Member FM F r Member e E b m E e PIERCE N M Two Rivers Member FM Keene U re PIERCE A o nm Hersey Member W le FM G Member E Branch River Member Kinnickinnic K H HOLY HILL Member r B Chilton e FM O Kirby Lake b IG Mbr Boundaries Member m L F e L M A Y Formation T s S F r M e H d l Member H a I o V r L i c Explanation o L n M Area of sediment deposited F e m during last part of Wisconsin O b er Glaciation, between about R 35,000 and 11,000 years M A Ozaukee before present.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Ontario a Voice!
    Statue Stories Chicago: The Public Writing Competition Give Lake Ontario a voice! Behind the Art Institute of Chicago, is the Fountain of the Great Lakes. Within the famous fountain is the wistful figure of Lake Ontario. She sits apart from her sister lakes, gazing into the distance with arms outstretched. But what does she have to say for herself? Write a Monologue! Monologos means “speaking alone” in Greek, but we all know that people who speak without thinking about their listener can be very dull indeed. Your challenge is to find a ‘voice’ for your statue and to write an engaging monologue in 350 words. Get under your statue’s skin! Look closely and develop a sense of empathy with the sculpture and imagine how it would feel. How does Lake Ontario feel about her sister lakes? Invite your listener to feel with you: create shifts in tempo and emotion, use different tenses, figures of speech and anecdotes, sensory details and even sound effects. Finding your sculpture’s voice? Write in the first person and adopt the persona of your character: What kind of vocabulary will you use - your own or that of another era/dialect? Your words will be spoken so read them aloud: use their rhythm and your sentence structure to convey emotion and urgency. Read great monologues for inspiration, for example Hamlet’s Alas Poor Yorick, or watch film monologues, like Morgan Freeman’s in The Shawshank Redemption. How will you keep people listening? Structure your monologue! How will you introduce yourself? With a greeting, a warning, a question, an order, a riddle? Grab and hold your listener’s attention from your very first line.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Accent July 1953 - September 1954
    Southern Adventist University KnowledgeExchange@Southern Southern Accent - Student Newspaper University Archives & Publications 1953 Southern Accent July 1953 - September 1954 Southern Missionary College Follow this and additional works at: https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/southern_accent Recommended Citation Southern Missionary College, "Southern Accent July 1953 - September 1954" (1953). Southern Accent - Student Newspaper. 33. https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/southern_accent/33 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives & Publications at KnowledgeExchange@Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Southern Accent - Student Newspaper by an authorized administrator of KnowledgeExchange@Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOUTHERN msmm college UBRMV THE OUTH^^ ACCENT Souchern Missionary^ollege, Collegedale, Tennessee, July 3. 1953 o lleven SMC Graduates Ordained Young Men Ordained to M^ Kennedy Supervises Varied Gospel Ministry f. at Five Iprog am of Summer Activities Southern Union Camp Meetings fcht chapel scat Wednesday e c n ng br ngs these comn ents for once tadi week we ha\e chapel Many % r cd ch-ipel progran s ha e been '> p anned bj Dr R chard Hammill of the college rfOMffliililiins ! Thursday udenb and it d(-r e\en ng at the ball field br ngs torth to bu Id up cred cheers as a runner si des the hon e or as the umpire calls 6tr kc Three Student o^ram Comm ... and h ult) al ke mansh p of Profc share the thr II of a hon e run V d) hi\e out! ned Come th me
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana Glaciers.PM6
    How the Ice Age Shaped Indiana Jerry Wilson Published by Wilstar Media, www.wilstar.com Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Previiously published as The Topography of Indiana: Ice Age Legacy, © 1988 by Jerry Wilson. Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Jerry Wilson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 For Aaron and Shana and In Memory of Donna 3 Introduction During the time that I have been a science teacher I have tried to enlist in my students the desire to understand and the ability to reason. Logical reasoning is the surest way to overcome the unknown. The best aid to reasoning effectively is having the knowledge and an understanding of the things that have previ- ously been determined or discovered by others. Having an understanding of the reasons things are the way they are and how they got that way can help an individual to utilize his or her resources more effectively. I want my students to realize that changes that have taken place on the earth in the past have had an effect on them. Why are some towns in Indiana subject to flooding, whereas others are not? Why are cemeteries built on old beach fronts in Northwest Indiana? Why would it be easier to dig a basement in Valparaiso than in Bloomington? These things are a direct result of the glaciers that advanced southward over Indiana during the last Ice Age. The history of the land upon which we live is fascinating. Why are there large granite boulders nested in some of the fields of northern Indiana since Indiana has no granite bedrock? They are known as glacial erratics, or dropstones, and were formed in Canada or the upper Midwest hundreds of millions of years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1. Natural History
    CHAPTER 1. NATURAL HISTORY CHAPTER 1. NATURAL HISTORY —THE WILDERNESS THAT GREETED THE FIRST SETTLERS The land one sees today traveling through northern Ohio took gone. Thus, some 14,000 years ago as the last glacier receded millions of years to form. We can see evidence of tropical sea into the Lake Erie basin, the first Native Americans arrived and reefs on the Lake Erie Islands and deep ocean sediments here in began to utilize the natural resources that these natural processes the cliffs of the Black River. Ohio was just south of the equator had produced. at that time, some 350 million years ago, and over the millennia The natural history of Sheffield encompasses all those natural has migrated northward to its present position. Mountain features and processes of the environment that greeted the Native building to the east eventually raised the sea floor from under Americans, and later the pioneers, when they first arrived in the waves and erosion by streams, and later glacial ice, began Sheffield. To be sure, the landscape was a magnificent wilderness to sculpture the land. At the same time plants and animals were to the settlers, but it needed to be “tamed” in order to support evolving and began to populate the new land once the ice was the newcomers. Ice formation on the shale bluff of the Black River north of Garfield Bridge (2005). 1 BICENTENNIAL HISTORY OF SHEFFIELD TOPOGRAPHY Regional Physiography The topography of an area is the configuration of the land Physiography refers to the physical features or landforms of surface, including its relief [vertical differences in elevation of a region.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Quaternary Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Features Along The
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentary features along the Wisconsin shoreline, southwestern Lake Michigan by Juergen Reinhardt U.S. Geological Survey1 Open-File Report 90-215 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. iReston, VA 22092 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 2 Acknowledgements 2 Previous work 2 STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS 3 South Racine 4 Sixmile Road 4 Fitzslmmons Road 4 Grant Park 4 Cudahy 5 Bayview Park 5 Vlrmond Park 5 Concordia College 5 Grafton 6 Port Washington 6 DISTRIBUTION OF DEFORMED STRATA 6 Cudahy 6 Vlrmond Park 7 Port Washington 7 SUMMARY 7 REFERENCES 8 FIGURES Figure 1. Map of shoreline................. 10 Figure 2. Aerial view of Sixmile Road...... 11 Figure 3. Aerial view Fitzsimmons Road..... 11 Figure 4. Aerial view Grant Park........... 12 Figure 5. Aerial view Cudahy............... 12 Figure 6. Aerial view Bayview Park......... 13 Figure 7. Aerial view Virmond Park......... 13 Figure 8. Aerial view Concordia College.... 14 Figure 9. Photo of small slump............. 14 Figure 10. Upper part of large slump....... 15 Figure 11. Base of Concordia slump......... 15 Figure 12. Deformed sediments, Cudahy...... 16 Figure 13. Internally deformed sediment.... 16 Figure 14. Contorted fine sand............. 17 Figure 15. Injection structure............. 17 Figure 16. Lower part Virmond Park......... 18 Figure 17. Chaotic bedding, Virmond Park... 18 Figure 18. Deformed strata, Lake Park....... 19 Figure 19. Brittle deformation, Lake Park.. 19 TABLE 1. Location of stratigraphlc sections........ 20 INTRODUCTION This report is a summary of observations made during field work along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan between August 23 and August 30, 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphic and Sedimentological History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin
    Electronic Capture, 2008 The PDF file from which this document was printed was generated by scanning an original copy of the publication. Because the capture method used was 'Searchable Image (Exact)', it was not possible to proofread the resulting file to remove errors resulting from the capture process. Users should therefore verify critical information in an original copy of the publication. Recommended citation: J.T. Teller, L.H. Thorleifson, G. Matile and W.C. Brisbin, 1996. Sedimentology, Geomorphology and History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin Field Trip Guidebook B2; Geological Association of CanadalMineralogical Association of Canada Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, May 27-29, 1996. © 1996: This book, orportions ofit, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission ofthe Geological Association ofCanada, Winnipeg Section. Additional copies can be purchased from the Geological Association of Canada, Winnipeg Section. Details are given on the back cover. SEDIMENTOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY, AND HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL LAKE AGASSIZ BASIN TABLE OF CONTENTS The Winnipeg Area 1 General Introduction to Lake Agassiz 4 DAY 1: Winnipeg to Delta Marsh Field Station 6 STOP 1: Delta Marsh Field Station. ...................... .. 10 DAY2: Delta Marsh Field Station to Brandon to Bruxelles, Return En Route to Next Stop 14 STOP 2: Campbell Beach Ridge at Arden 14 En Route to Next Stop 18 STOP 3: Distal Sediments of Assiniboine Fan-Delta 18 En Route to Next Stop 19 STOP 4: Flood Gravels at Head of Assiniboine Fan-Delta 24 En Route to Next Stop 24 STOP 5: Stott Buffalo Jump and Assiniboine Spillway - LUNCH 28 En Route to Next Stop 28 STOP 6: Spruce Woods 29 En Route to Next Stop 31 STOP 7: Bruxelles Glaciotectonic Cut 34 STOP 8: Pembina Spillway View 34 DAY 3: Delta Marsh Field Station to Latimer Gully to Winnipeg En Route to Next Stop 36 STOP 9: Distal Fan Sediment , 36 STOP 10: Valley Fill Sediments (Latimer Gully) 36 STOP 11: Deep Basin Landforms of Lake Agassiz 42 References Cited 49 Appendix "Review of Lake Agassiz history" (L.H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maumee River Watershed and Algal Blooms in Lake Erie1 2
    SESYNC Case Study The Maumee River Watershed and Algal Blooms in Lake Erie1 2 Ramiro Berardo3 & Ajay Singh4. Summary: The decay of Lake Erie’s environmental health and its impacts on local communities, including public health and the environment, was one of the focal events motivating the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. Despite the considerable improvement in water quality in the 1970s and 1980s because of implementation of agricultural best management practices to address soil erosion, seasonal algal blooms returned to Western Lake Erie. Potential causes of algal blooms may be a mixture of agricultural and urban practices that threaten ecological stability and public health for millions dependent on the lake for drinking water, tourism, and fisheries. For instance, in fall, 2014, national attention turned to the city of Toledo, Ohio as the city’s residents experienced disruption to city services such as access to potable water and certain medical services including child birth and surgery. For this case study we will study the relationship between human behavior and water quality impairments which lead to toxic algal blooms in the Western Lake Erie Basin, and in particular, the Maumee River Watershed. We will also review prior management and policy efforts of different stakeholders to improve water quality as well as issues surrounding the development of proposed policy and management changes. Multiple stakeholders from multiple states and Canadian provinces are involved in seeking solutions to the ongoing pollution problems. This case study will be ideal to examine how cooperation unfolds in the presence of collective action problems, and the interrelationships between human behavior and environmental outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • North Ridge Scenic Byway Geology
    GUIDE TO THE NORTH RIDGE SCENIC BYWAY GEOLOGY LANDFORMS The North Ridge Scenic Byway corridor lies in the Erie Lake Plain landform of the Central Lowlands Physiographic Province of the United States (Fenneman 1938; Brockman 2002). The Lake Plain consists of wide expanses of level or nearly level land interrupted only by sandy ridges that are remnants of glacial-lake beaches and by river valleys carved into Paleozoic bedrock. With the exception of the sandy ridges, much of the Lake Plain in Avon and Sheffeld was a dense swamp forest prior to settlement. The North Ridge Scenic Byway follows the northernmost ancient beach ridge as it traverses Sheffeld and Avon at an elevation ranging from 675 to 690 feet above sea level, some 105 to 120 feet above modern Lake Erie. Topography of Sheffeld and Avon Townships as surveyed in 1901, showing North Ridge near the center of the map (courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey, Oberlin, Ohio Quadrangle 1903). 2 GEOLOGY FORMATION OF NORTH RIDGE Approximately 18,000 years ago, the last The chronology of lake stages in the Lake continental glacier blanketed northern Ohio as Erie basin relates a fascinating story of glacial it pushed down from the north to its maximum action, movements of the earth’s crust and southern thrust. The ice sheet reached as far erosion by waves to form the body of water south as Cincinnati, Ohio, then it began to we see today. The story begins nearly 15,000 melt back. As the glacier paused in its retreat, years ago as the last glacier [known as the piles of rock and clay debris [known as end Wisconsinan ice sheet] temporarily halted to moraines] were built up at the ice margins.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old Chicago Portage 53 W
    THE OLD CHICAGO PORTAGE 53 W. JACKSON 30ULlV 16]} - 1836 ~HICAGO. IlliNOIS 60(. By 427.4256 Edward T. Bilek, Jr. '. ::r"In e Z~ /fb 7 About 25,000 years ago a huge glacier crept forward from Canada into the Chicago region. As this ~'i'e sheet advanced southward;. it carried with it the rocks and soil it found in its path. Further north this glacier presented a solid block of ice across the continent. Later the glacier receeded in stages, leaving its accumulation behind. Each time it paused in·its recession great quantities of debris piled up at its edge forming big land ridges when the ... ice disilPpeared: Thus the Valparaiso Moraine, a rim of land paral!lelling the margin of Lake l1ichigan, waS formed in the northeastern corner of Illinois. ., '·Water collected in· the gorge hollowed out by the ice bettleen· the glacier and ··the moraine·until reaching a level of sixty feet above the present level of Lake Michigan, A massive glacial lake WaS now born,. Lake Chicago. Draining through a gap in the Valparaiso }loraine called the Chicago or Des Plaines outlet, the flow of water from Lake Chicago traveled down the Des Plaines Valley to the Illinois River Valley, The recession of the glacier·and the ·lowering of· the floor of the Chicago Outlet removed the b"arrier that with- held the flow of water previously ~ Lake ~h~cago nOll receeded into three separate ~tages. The Glenwood stage where the water level vas fifty feet above the lake; the Calumet st,:g~ where t1>e "·Iater was' thirty-five feet above the lake; and the Tolleston stage whi.ch was tllenty feet above the lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
    35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Timothy Gordon Fisher EDUCATION
    Timothy Gordon Fisher CURRICULUM VITAE Chair of Environmental Sciences January 2020 Professor of Geology Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Office (419) 530-2009 Ms#604, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Fax (24hr) (419) 530-4421 Toledo, OH 43606 [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. 1993 University of Calgary, Dept. of Geography (Geomorphology, Glaciology and Quaternary Research) Dissertation: “Glacial Lake Agassiz: The northwest outlet and paleoflood spillway, N.W. Saskatchewan and N.E. Alberta” 184p. M.Sc. 1989 Queen’s University, Dept. of Geography (Glacial Sedimentology and Geomorphology) Thesis: “Rogen Moraine formation: examples from three distinct areas within Canada” 196p. B.Sc. 1987 University of Alberta, Dept. of Geography, Physical Geography (Honors) Honors thesis: “Debris entrainment in the subpolar glaciers of Phillips Inlet, Northwest Ellesmere Island” 51p. ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2010–present Chair, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo 2019–2020 Provost Fellow, University of Toledo 2016–2018 Interim Director of the Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo 2008–2009 Associate Chair, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo 2006–present Professor of Geology with tenure, University of Toledo 2005–present Graduate Faculty member, University of Toledo, full status 2003–2006 Associate Professor, tenure track, University of Toledo 2002–2003 Chair of the Department of Geosciences, Indiana University Northwest 1999–2003 Associate Professor of Geography with tenure, Indiana University Northwest 1999–2001 Chair of the Department of Geosciences, Indiana University Northwest 1998–2003 Faculty of the Indiana University Graduate School, associate status 1994–1998 Assistant Professor of Geography, tenure-track, Indiana University Northwest 1993–1994 Sessional Instructor, Red Deer College, Alberta, Canada 1993 Sessional Instructor, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada AWARDS • Top ranking highest cited 2012–13 article (Fisher et al.
    [Show full text]