DOCSLIB.ORG

Geomorphic and Sedimentological History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geomorphic and Sedimentological History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin Electronic Capture, 2008 The PDF file from which this document was printed was generated by scanning an original copy of the publication. Because the capture method used was 'Searchable Image (Exact)', it was not possible to proofread the resulting file to remove errors resulting from the capture process. Users should therefore verify critical information in an original copy of the publication. Recommended citation: J.T. Teller, L.H. Thorleifson, G. Matile and W.C. Brisbin, 1996. Sedimentology, Geomorphology and History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin Field Trip Guidebook B2; Geological Association of CanadalMineralogical Association of Canada Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, May 27-29, 1996. © 1996: This book, orportions ofit, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission ofthe Geological Association ofCanada, Winnipeg Section. Additional copies can be purchased from the Geological Association of Canada, Winnipeg Section. Details are given on the back cover. SEDIMENTOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY, AND HISTORY OF THE CENTRAL LAKE AGASSIZ BASIN TABLE OF CONTENTS The Winnipeg Area 1 General Introduction to Lake Agassiz 4 DAY 1: Winnipeg to Delta Marsh Field Station 6 STOP 1: Delta Marsh Field Station. ...................... .. 10 DAY2: Delta Marsh Field Station to Brandon to Bruxelles, Return En Route to Next Stop 14 STOP 2: Campbell Beach Ridge at Arden 14 En Route to Next Stop 18 STOP 3: Distal Sediments of Assiniboine Fan-Delta 18 En Route to Next Stop 19 STOP 4: Flood Gravels at Head of Assiniboine Fan-Delta 24 En Route to Next Stop 24 STOP 5: Stott Buffalo Jump and Assiniboine Spillway - LUNCH 28 En Route to Next Stop 28 STOP 6: Spruce Woods 29 En Route to Next Stop 31 STOP 7: Bruxelles Glaciotectonic Cut 34 STOP 8: Pembina Spillway View 34 DAY 3: Delta Marsh Field Station to Latimer Gully to Winnipeg En Route to Next Stop 36 STOP 9: Distal Fan Sediment , 36 STOP 10: Valley Fill Sediments (Latimer Gully) 36 STOP 11: Deep Basin Landforms of Lake Agassiz 42 References Cited 49 Appendix "Review of Lake Agassiz history" (L.H. Thorleifson) 55 "History of late glacial runoff along the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet" (Kehew and Teller, 1994; selected pages) .... 85 "Glacial lake outbursts along the mid-continent margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet" (Kehew and Lord, 1987; selected pages) 93 ViclDri.1 LAKE Hillside Se PARCPROV. GRANDBEAI PROV.PAR~ Grand Such Granc Maraii MANITOBA St. Lau " THE WINNIPEG AREA The Quaternary sediments in the Winnipeg area (population 650,000) overlie Ordovician and Silurian bedrock, dominated by dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The bedrock geology is shown on the "Manitoba Geological Highway Map" (separate folded map). This map also describes and discusses a number of "geological highlights" of the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic geology and history of the province, including several maps and block diagrams about the late Pleistoc~ne. If you arrived in Winnipeg by air, you may have noticed (if the wheat has not obscured them) large (> 1 km long} curved and straight, light-toned features on the surface (see Figure 1). These are low (mostly less than 1 m in relief) curvilinear features formed in Lake Agassiz silty clay that are better drained and, therefore, the soils have lower organic content in them; there are many thousands of these and they extend for hundreds of kilometres from the southern end of the Lake Agassiz basin to well north of Winnipeg. Clayton et al. (1965) concluded that they are the result of iceberg (or winter ice) drag/plough marks with adjacent pushed ridges in the offshore Lake Agassiz sediment, and therefore date from the period 12-9 ka. Recent studies in Manitoba (Woodsworth­ Lynas & Guigne, 1990; Nielson & Matile, 1982) attributed the ridges to differential compaction between ice-scoured troughs filled by silty sediment and the adjacent clays. These ideas are more fully developed at one of our stops (STOP 11). Surface sediments at Winnipeg and in the Red River Valley are composed mainly of silty clay ("gumbo") deposited during the last (Emerson) phase of glacial Lake Agassiz, 10-9.2 ka. Ice-rafted boulders are scattered across the surface or occur within the lacustrine clay but, overall, the upper half of the clayey sediment is free of ice-rafted material, whereas the lower part is rich in this detritus. In places in the Winnipeg area and west to Portage la Prairie, a thin « 1 m) silt-rich bed lies near the surface, which poses major engineering problems because of its instability; this deposit may be related to Holocene flooding of the Assiniboine River between Portage la Prairie and Winnipeg, perhaps after the re-diversion of this river from the Lake Manitoba basin (see discussion at STOP 1), or to density underflows on the floor of Lake Agassiz during its late stages (see STOP 11). The stratigraphic sequence of Lake Agassiz silty clay is < 20 m thick at Winnipeg and overlies carbonate-rich silty clay (loamy) till, which overlies carbonate bedrock. The lacustrine deposits are poorly to non-laminated and quite uniform in character from top to bottom. Little pollen and few microfossils have been found. As Figure 2 shows, this sequence thickens toward the south and west; westward the Lake Agassiz sediment becomes coarser grained. A few summary comments on the "Environmental geology of Winnipeg" (groundwater, Red River floodway, engineering problems, etc.) are presented in the separate repri nt. 1 1 kilometre Figure 1. Iceberg scour marks on floor ofLake Agassiz southeast of Winnipeg. The lighter tones are more silty, better drained, and relatively low in organic matter. 2 <5m LACUSTRINE SEDIMENT \ /\ OVER / /. TI LL ..I ../ I'\ i AND ,\... BEDROCK , ('n.,....J' ...",.. ....... ,.". \ / ....... _. ''''\ r . \. 0 . .-./ ......, Ul ( ."" ......../ \. '" ~~ ~ w +'~ \ :z 50' 00' ;.---------- "\ ~ .»..~ (".1'--'-) i ~) • CIl I ....... ~ \ () i -< i -J \ : ",'" .!::: ~,-S'''\....1> ~ j ~ ! : < " I ~ .J -< I ~ i z I. -< \\ '" 49' 00' -·-,:,-:-s:A·.-·-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-----'-'-'-'-' ._.~'t"'-'-'-'-'-:"-'-'- 49' 00 (~ \\ -< t- \ . - ~( \ \ ~ \ \ ~ o 50 o \, \. 0 / KILOMETERS "'" \',\" ()-< /// \. ..J /-- \ \.... c)' \! 1 0 I V1 I ~ "II .L I \ I ~ CAMPBELL sPCH~\ ~ I :::I)' ... I (, \ \ ,.. I i~ ',' ~ ! \ \. i\ ~ \ . \. \ ~ \\, .) .J I Q! .\ \ " "+-4:-fJ::;/'/ /4 48' 00' \ \, <b CG:O~ ,/ ( i \ \ ". ',L " \,,·\.I 1 \ '.) " . / \ \. / ", I \ \\ ,I \ \\ "I \;\ \I ...... \ !\. \ \\ \ Figure 2. Isopach map (in m) of lacustrine clay, silt, and sand in southern Lake Agassiz basin, showing the highest regional beach (Herman), the most extensive beach (Campbell), the outline of the Assiniboine (A) and Pembina (P) fan-deltas, and other sediment types and thicknesses (J. Teller, unpublished). 3 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO LAKE AGASSIZ Glacial Lake Agassiz not only was important in the late glacial history of this region, but also helped control the routing of meltwater from the western Laurentide Ice Sheet (as well as intluence the retreat and readvance/surging of this ice sheet) (see, for example, Teller, 1987,1990, 1995; Clayton et al., 1984). Hydrological systems "downstream" were significantly influenced by the highly variable overflow from Lake Agassiz, and the record of its overflow into the Mississippi River valley, Great Lakes, St. Lawrence valley, and Mackenzie valley is only now being evaluated. In turn, the imp'act of water variably routed from the Agassiz basin (Figure 3) has been implicated in altering late glacial ocean circulation and climate (e.g. Broeckef et a. I. , 1988,1989, <1990; Keigwin et al., 1991). Therefore, the history of Lake Agassiz and its overflow (Figure 3) is important to North American deglaciation and to considerations of global change. For many of the changes it may be true that "LAKE AGASSIZ DID IT". The route of this fieldtrip is shown on the photocopied highway map, with the stops numbered. There are a number of key components in the Lake Agassiz system that are essential for an understanding of how this huge glaciohydrological system worked, including the location of the ice margin, the lake's outlets, and isostasy. Data on all of these come from the sediments and morphology of the Lake Agassiz basin and from various spillways, lakes, and oceans outside of its 2,000,000 km 2 drainage basin. We will visit a selection of sites that, hopefully, will convey an idea of what is in the central Lake Agassiz basin, and about how the system operated during its 4000-5000 year life during the last deglaciation. There are a number of controversial aspects, and the history of this giant lake and its impact on systems "downstream" are today being investigated with greater rigour than ever before. Part of the difficulty relates to the size of the lake (and the remoteness of the bulk of its evidence) - the lake spans about 15° of latitude and 20° of longitude. "New discoveries" in one corner of the basin, for example in the Northwestern Outlet area, cannot be treated in isolation from "evidence" and interpretations in other areas, for example in the Southern Outlet (1500 km away), and even in the Gulf of Mexico, because the whole system is interactive. A section in the Appendix to this Fieldguide, "Review of Lake Agassiz history" provides background on the evolution of ideas about the history of the lake and describes the main components used to make these interpretations; a revised history of the lake is also presented, mainly as a series of maps and diagrams with expanded captions (Figures 27-41). No doubt some aspects of this history will be controversial, and there are alternative scenarios to some parts of the reconstruction. Further re'finements and revisions no doubt will occur, and we encourage all researchers to contribute to our understanding of this important lake. The fieldtrip will look at 1) offshore and nearshore sediments and morphology (STOPS 1,3,9, 10, 11), 2) shoreline sediments and morphology (STOPS 1, 2), 3) t1uvial morphology and deposits of inflow spillways (STOPS 4, 5, 8), 4) aeolian deposits (STOP 6), and 5) glacial sediments (STOPS 7, 10).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Varve-Related Publications in Alphabetical Order (Version 15 March 2015) Please Report Additional References, Updates, Errors Etc
    Varve-Related Publications in Alphabetical Order (version 15 March 2015) Please report additional references, updates, errors etc. to Arndt Schimmelmann ([email protected]) Abril JM, Brunskill GJ (2014) Evidence that excess 210Pb flux varies with sediment accumulation rate and implications for dating recent sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology 52, 121-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-014-9782-6; statistical analysis of radiometric dating of 10 annually laminated sediment cores from aquatic systems, constant rate of supply (CRS) model. Abu-Jaber NS, Al-Bataina BA, Jawad Ali A (1997) Radiochemistry of sediments from the southern Dead Sea, Jordan. Environmental Geology 32 (4), 281-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050218; Dimona, Jordan, gamma spectroscopy, lead-210, no anthropogenic contamination, calculated sedimentation rate agrees with varve record. Addison JA, Finney BP, Jaeger JM, Stoner JS, Norris RN, Hangsterfer A (2012) Examining Gulf of Alaska marine paleoclimate at seasonal to decadal timescales. In: (Besonen MR, ed.) Second Workshop of the PAGES Varves Working Group, Program and Abstracts, 17-19 March 2011, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA, 15-21. http://www.pages.unibe.ch/download/docs/working_groups/vwg/2011_2nd_VWG_workshop_programs_and_abstracts.pdf; ca. 60 cm marine sediment core from Deep Inlet in southeast Alaska, CT scan, XRF scanning, suspected varves, 1972 earthquake and tsunami caused turbidite with scouring and erosion. Addison JA, Finney BP, Jaeger JM, Stoner JS, Norris RD, Hangsterfer A (2013) Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118 (7), 3444-3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20243; Gulf of Alaska, paleoproductivity, scanning XRF, Pacific Decadal Oscillation PDO, fjord, 137Cs, 210Pb, geochronometry, three-dimensional computed tomography, discontinuous event-based marine varve chronology spans AD ∼1940–1981, Br/Cl ratios reflect changes in marine organic matter accumulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Souris R1ve.R Investigation
    INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION REPORT ON THE SOURIS R1VE.R INVESTIGATION OTTAWA - WASHINGTON 1940 OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1941 INTERNATIONAT, JOINT COMMISSION OTTAWA - WASHINGTON CAKADA UNITEDSTATES Cllarles Stewrt, Chnirmun A. 0. Stanley, Chairman (korge 11'. Kytc Roger B. McWhorter .J. E. I'erradt R. Walton Moore Lawrence ,J. Burpee, Secretary Jesse B. Ellis, Secretary REFERENCE Under date of January 15, 1940, the following Reference was communicated by the Governments of the United States and Canada to the Commission: '' I have the honour to inform you that the Governments of Canada and the United States have agreed to refer to the International Joint Commission, underthe provisions of Article 9 of theBoundary Waters Treaty, 1909, for investigation, report, and recommendation, the following questions with respect to the waters of the Souris (Mouse) River and its tributaries whichcross the InternationalBoundary from the Province of Saskatchewanto the State of NorthDakota and from the Stat'e of NorthDakota to the Province of Manitoba:- " Question 1 In order to secure the interests of the inhabitants of Canada and the United States in the Souris (Mouse) River drainage basin, what apportion- ment shouldbe made of the waters of the Souris(Mouse) River and ita tributaries,the waters of whichcross theinternational boundary, to the Province of Saskatchewan,the State of North Dakota, and the Province of Manitoba? " Question ,$! What methods of control and operation would be feasible and desirable in
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana Glaciers.PM6
    How the Ice Age Shaped Indiana Jerry Wilson Published by Wilstar Media, www.wilstar.com Indianapolis, Indiana 1 Previiously published as The Topography of Indiana: Ice Age Legacy, © 1988 by Jerry Wilson. Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Jerry Wilson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 For Aaron and Shana and In Memory of Donna 3 Introduction During the time that I have been a science teacher I have tried to enlist in my students the desire to understand and the ability to reason. Logical reasoning is the surest way to overcome the unknown. The best aid to reasoning effectively is having the knowledge and an understanding of the things that have previ- ously been determined or discovered by others. Having an understanding of the reasons things are the way they are and how they got that way can help an individual to utilize his or her resources more effectively. I want my students to realize that changes that have taken place on the earth in the past have had an effect on them. Why are some towns in Indiana subject to flooding, whereas others are not? Why are cemeteries built on old beach fronts in Northwest Indiana? Why would it be easier to dig a basement in Valparaiso than in Bloomington? These things are a direct result of the glaciers that advanced southward over Indiana during the last Ice Age. The history of the land upon which we live is fascinating. Why are there large granite boulders nested in some of the fields of northern Indiana since Indiana has no granite bedrock? They are known as glacial erratics, or dropstones, and were formed in Canada or the upper Midwest hundreds of millions of years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Lake Winnipeg
    Great Plains Lakes The State of Lake Winnipeg Elaine Page and Lucie Lévesque An Overview of Nutrients and Algae t nearly 25,000 square kilometers, Lake Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada) is the tenth-largest freshwater lake Ain the world and the sixth-largest lake in Canada by surface area (Figure 1). Lake Winnipeg is the largest of the three great lakes in the Province of Manitoba and is a prominent water feature on the landscape. Despite its large surface area, Lake Winnipeg is unique among the world’s largest lakes because it is comparatively shallow, with a mean depth of only 12 meters. Lake Winnipeg consists of a large, deeper north basin and a smaller, relatively shallow south basin. The watershed is the second-largest in Canada encompassing almost 1 million square kilometers, and much of the land in the watershed is cropland and pastureland for agricultural production. The lake sustains a productive commercial and recreational fishery, with walleye being the most commercially important species in the lake. The lake is also of great recreational value to the many permanent and seasonal communities along the shoreline. The lake is also a primary drinking water source for several communities around the lake. Although Lake Winnipeg is naturally productive, the lake has experienced accelerated nutrient enrichment over the past several decades. Nutrient concentrations are increasing in the major tributaries that flow into Lake Winnipeg (Jones and Armstrong 2001) and algal blooms have been increasing in frequency and extent on the lake, with the most noticeable changes occurring since the mid 1990s. Surface blooms of cyanobacteria have, in some years, covered greater than 10,000 square kilometers of the north basin of the lake Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Morning Conditions Report Assiniboine River
    Hydrologic Forecasting and Water Management July 22, 2020 Morning Conditions Report PROVISIONAL DATA http://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo Assiniboine River - Tributaries Map Today's Conditions Change Today's Conditions Change ID LOCATION (Imperial) from (Metric) from Jul 21 Jul 21 FLOW LEVEL FLOW LEVEL (m) (cfs) (ft) (ft) (cms) (m) 1 Conjuring Creek near Russell 3 1,813.79 +0.03 0.1 552.84 +0.01 2 Smith Creek near Marchwell 0 1.22 -0.03 0.0 0.37 -0.01 3 Silver Creek near Binscarth 4 Cutarm Creek near Spy Hill 5 3.98 -0.01 0.1 1.21 0.00 5 Scissor Creek near Mcauley 2 2.96 +0.01 0.1 0.90 0.00 6 Birdtail Creek near Birtle 46 1,588.85 +0.22 1.3 484.28 +0.07 7 Arrow River near Arrow River 11 331.58 -0.03 0.3 101.07 -0.01 8 Gopher Creek near Virden 1 2.10 +0.06 0.0 0.64 +0.02 9 Oak River near Rivers 136 3.53 -0.05 3.8 1.08 -0.01 10 Baileys Creek near Oak Lake 0 337.50 -0.07 0.0 102.87 -0.02 11 Rolling River near Erickson 263 1,993.57 -0.11 7.4 607.64 -0.03 12 Little Saskatchewan River near Horod 102 26.76 -0.03 2.9 8.16 -0.01 13 Little Saskatchewan River near Minnedosa 512 1,715.84 -0.18 14.5 522.99 -0.05 14 Minnedosa Lake 1,682.47 +0.08 512.82 +0.02 15 Little Saskatchewan River above Rapid City Dam** 16 Rivers Reservoir* 1,538.18 -0.14 468.84 -0.04 17 Little Saskatchewan River near Rivers 1,819 1,484.00 -0.17 51.5 452.32 -0.05 18 Little Souris River near Brandon 19 4.96 -0.03 0.5 1.51 -0.01 19 Epinette Creek near Carberry 13 1.41 -0.01 0.4 0.43 0.00 20 Cypress River near Bruxelles 50 329.85 +0.64 1.4 100.54 +0.19 21 Sturgeon Creek at St.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of the Name Manitoba
    On May 2, 1870, Sir John A. Macdonald The Origin of the Name The Narrows of Lake Manitoba (on PTH 68, 60 km west of the junction of announced that a new province was to enter Manitoba PTHs 6 and 68) Confederation under The Manitoba Act. He said the province’s name had been chosen for its pleasant sound and its associations with the The name Manitoba originated in the languages original inhabitants of the area. of the Aboriginal people who lived on the Prairies and travelled the waters of Lake Both the Cree and Assiniboin terms, and the Manitoba. legends and events associated with their use, are preserved forever in the name Manitoba. A These people, the Cree and Assiniboin First plaque commemorating its origin is located on Nations, introduced European explorers, traders the east side of the Lake Manitoba Narrows. and settlers to the region and its waterways. They also passed on to the newcomers the ancient names and poetic legends associated with the places they inhabited. More than two centuries of contact and trade between the Europeans and First Nations produced a blending of their languages. From Aboriginal name and legend to official title of the province, the evolution of the name Manitoba mirrors the history of the region. At the Lake Manitoba Narrows a strong wind can send waves washing against the limestone During the Red River Resistance of 1869-70, rocks of an offshore island. The unique sound Spence joined Louis Riel’s Métis Council. In from the waves is said to be the Manitou, or the spring of 1870, delegates from this council Great Spirit (in Ojibway, “Manito-bau”).
    [Show full text]
  • The Cordilleran Ice Sheet 3 4 Derek B
    1 2 The cordilleran ice sheet 3 4 Derek B. Booth1, Kathy Goetz Troost1, John J. Clague2 and Richard B. Waitt3 5 6 1 Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, 7 Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA (206)543-7923 Fax (206)685-3836. 8 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada 9 3 U.S. Geological Survey, Cascade Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA, USA 10 11 12 Introduction techniques yield crude but consistent chronologies of local 13 and regional sequences of alternating glacial and nonglacial 14 The Cordilleran ice sheet, the smaller of two great continental deposits. These dates secure correlations of many widely 15 ice sheets that covered North America during Quaternary scattered exposures of lithologically similar deposits and 16 glacial periods, extended from the mountains of coastal south show clear differences among others. 17 and southeast Alaska, along the Coast Mountains of British Besides improvements in geochronology and paleoenvi- 18 Columbia, and into northern Washington and northwestern ronmental reconstruction (i.e. glacial geology), glaciology 19 Montana (Fig. 1). To the west its extent would have been provides quantitative tools for reconstructing and analyzing 20 limited by declining topography and the Pacific Ocean; to the any ice sheet with geologic data to constrain its physical form 21 east, it likely coalesced at times with the western margin of and history. Parts of the Cordilleran ice sheet, especially 22 the Laurentide ice sheet to form a continuous ice sheet over its southwestern margin during the last glaciation, are well 23 4,000 km wide.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Rapids GS Short Term Extension Licence Request (2014
    360 Portage Ave (16) Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R3C 0G8 Telephone / No de téléphone : 204-360-3018 Fax / No de télécopieur : 204-360-6136 [email protected] 2014 10 30 Mr. Rob Matthews Manager, Water Use Licensing Manitoba Conservation and Water Stewardship Box 16 - 200 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg MANITOBA R3J 3W3 Dear Mr. Matthews: GRAND RAPIDS WATER POWER SHORT-TERM EXTENSION LICENCE REQUEST We request a five year short-term extension licence for the Grand Rapids Generating Station under the provisions of Section 92(1) of Water Power Regulation 25/88R. We have included a Short Term Extension Report as supporting documentation and will continue to work with your Section to address this Water Power licence. Manitoba Hydro continues to operate the Grand Rapids Generating Station in accordance with the Final Licence issued on May 30, 1975 under the Water Power Act. The Final Licence expires on January 2, 2015. Manitoba Hydro requested a renewal licence on December 17, 2010. However, due to licensing requirements for other projects, Manitoba Hydro is requesting a short-term extension licence to allow the licence renewal to occur at a later date. Please call me at 204-360-3018 if you need additional information. Yours truly, pp: Brian Giesbrecht W.V. Penner, P. Eng. Manager Hydraulic Operations Department Encl. MJD/sl/ 00112-07311-0014_00 WATER POWER ACT LICENCES GRAND RAPIDS GENERATING STATION SHORT TERM LICENCE EXTENSION APPLICATION SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Prepared for: Manitoba Water Stewardship 200 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg MB R3J 3W3 Prepared by: Manitoba Hydro 360 Portage Avenue Winnipeg MB R3C 0G8 October 29, 2014 Report No: PS&O – 14/08 HYDRAULIC OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT POWER SALES & OPERATIONS DIVISION GENERATION OPERATIONS WATER POWER ACT LICENCES GRAND RAPIDS SHORT TERM LICENCE EXTENSION APPLICATION SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Originally signed by P.Chanel Originally signed by PREPARED BY: P.Chanel P.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of PHYSI~AL LIMNOLOGY
    STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF SHORE EROSION DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 25 (CONTRIBUTION NO. 4 LAKE ERIE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM) Bibliography Of PHYSI~AL LIMNOLOGY 1781 ••••1954 COLUMBUS 1955 STATE OF OHIO Frank J. Lausche, Governor DEPAR 1MENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES A. W. Marion, Director NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION George Wenger, Chairman John A. Slipher, Bryce Browning, Vice Chairman Secretary C. D. Blubaugh Dr. John L. Rich Dr. C. L. Dow Milton Ronsheim A. W. Marion Dean L. L. Rummell DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Melvin, Chief DIVIS ION OF SHORE EROSION F . 0 , Kugle , Chief STATE OF OHIO Frank J. Lausche, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES A. W. Marion, Director DIVISION OF SHORE EROSION F. 0. Kugel, Chief DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John H. Melvin, Chief REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 2 5 (CONTRIBUTION NO. 4 LAKE ERIE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PHYSICAL LIMNOLOGY 1781 .... 1954 By James L. Verber This publication is a cooperative project of the Division of Shore Erosion and The Division of Geological Survey. The research upon which the publication is based has been sponsored chiefly by t the Division of Shore Erosion. i COLUMBUS, 1955 I Blank Page t:;ONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION •••••••••• v Organization of the Index • v Suggestions on using the Index vi ABBREVIATIONS • vii BmLIOGRAPHY 1 INDEX and ALPHABETICAL LIST OF LAKES CITED 45 ADDENDUM WITH INDEX . • . 54 iii Blank Page INTBODU~TION The Bibliography of Physical Limnology, 1781- their assistance in preparing the manuscript for publica- 1953, contains both a bibliography and subject index tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Bildnachweis
    Bildnachweis Im Bildnachweis verwendete Abkürzungen: With permission from the Geological Society of Ame- rica l – links; m – Mitte; o – oben; r – rechts; u – unten 4.65; 6.52; 6.183; 8.7 Bilder ohne Nachweisangaben stammen vom Autor. Die Autoren der Bildquellen werden in den Bildunterschriften With permission from the Society for Sedimentary genannt; die bibliographischen Angaben sind in der Literaturlis- Geology (SEPM) te aufgeführt. Viele Autoren/Autorinnen und Verlage/Institutio- 6.2ul; 6.14; 6.16 nen haben ihre Einwilligung zur Reproduktion von Abbildungen gegeben. Dafür sei hier herzlich gedankt. Für die nachfolgend With permission from the American Association for aufgeführten Abbildungen haben ihre Zustimmung gegeben: the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Box Eisbohrkerne Dr; 2.8l; 2.8r; 2.13u; 2.29; 2.38l; Box Die With permission from Elsevier Hockey-Stick-Diskussion B; 4.65l; 4.53; 4.88mr; Box Tuning 2.64; 3.5; 4.6; 4.9; 4.16l; 4.22ol; 4.23; 4.40o; 4.40u; 4.50; E; 5.21l; 5.49; 5.57; 5.58u; 5.61; 5.64l; 5.64r; 5.68; 5.86; 4.70ul; 4.70ur; 4.86; 4.88ul; Box Tuning A; 4.95; 4.96; 4.97; 5.99; 5.100l; 5.100r; 5.118; 5.119; 5.123; 5.125; 5.141; 5.158r; 4.98; 5.12; 5.14r; 5.23ol; 5.24l; 5.24r; 5.25; 5.54r; 5.55; 5.56; 5.167l; 5.167r; 5.177m; 5.177u; 5.180; 6.43r; 6.86; 6.99l; 6.99r; 5.65; 5.67; 5.70; 5.71o; 5.71ul; 5.71um; 5.72; 5.73; 5.77l; 5.79o; 6.144; 6.145; 6.148; 6.149; 6.160; 6.162; 7.18; 7.19u; 7.38; 5.80; 5.82; 5.88; 5.94; 5.94ul; 5.95; 5.108l; 5.111l; 5.116; 5.117; 7.40ur; 8.19; 9.9; 9.16; 9.17; 10.8 5.126; 5.128u; 5.147o; 5.147u;
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater in Manitoba: Hydrogeology, Quality Concerns, Management
    Robert Betcher Water Resources Branch Manitoba Natural Resources Gary Grove National Hydrology Research Institute Environment Canada and Christian Pupp State of Environment Reporting Environment Canada Environmental Sciences Division National Hydrology Research Institute Environment Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5 GROUNDWATER IN MANITOBA: HYDROGEOLOGY, QUALITY CONCERNS, MANAGEMENT NHRI Contribution No. CS-93017 March, 1995 ERRATA: Page 13, the first sentence beneath the heading “Groundwater Flow Systems” should read “The point-water potentionmetric surface…” Page 13, the caption for Figure 8 should read “Point-water potentionmetric surface and expected regional groundwater flow in the Winnipeg Formation” Groundwater in Manitoba: Hydrogeology, Quality Concerns, Management ABSTRACT Groundwater forms an important source of municipal, rally occurring constituents exceed drinking water guide- industrial, agricultural and residential water supply in lines locally. Many aquifers are poorly protected from Manitoba. Groundwater is available from a number of near-surface contamination sources and, as a result, extensive bedrock aquifers along the margins of Hudson anthropogenic contamination has been found in some Bay and within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin areas. The major groundwater quality management con- and from sand and gravel aquifers found within glacial cerns include underground storage tanks, agricultural deposits in many parts of the province. The geological activities, saline water intrusion and waste disposal. framework for these aquifers is presented and the major aquifer units discussed in terms of occurrence, ground- Provincial legislation relating to water resources and water availability, yield and water quality. groundwater protection is summarized. Two agencies, Manitoba Natural Resources and Manitoba Environment, Groundwater quality is highly variable in most aquifer have primary responsibility for the development and units in Manitoba.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstruction of Glacial Lake Hind of Southwestern
    Journal of Paleolimnology 17: 9±21, 1997. 9 c 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in Belgium. Reconstruction of glacial Lake Hind in southwestern Manitoba, Canada C. S. Sun & J. T. Teller Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 Received 24 July 1995; accepted 21 January 1996 Abstract Glacial Lake Hind was a 4000 km2 ice-marginal lake which formed in southwestern Manitoba during the last deglaciation. It received meltwater from western Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and North Dakota via at least 10 channels, and discharged into glacial Lake Agassiz through the Pembina Spillway. During the early stage of deglaciation in southwestern Manitoba, part of the glacial Lake Hind basin was occupied by glacial Lake Souris which extended into the area from North Dakota. Sediments in the Lake Hind basin consist of deltaic gravels, lacustrine sand, and clayey silt. Much of the uppermost lacustrine sand in the central part of the basin has been reworked into aeolian dunes. No beaches have been recognized in the basin. Around the margins, clayey silt occurs up to a modern elevation of 457 m, and ¯uvio-deltaic gravels occur at 434±462 m. There are a total of 12 deltas, which can be divided into 3 groups based on elevation of their surfaces: (1) above 450 m along the eastern edge of the basin and in the narrow southern end; (2) between 450 and 442 m at the western edge of the basin; and (3) below 442 m. The earliest stage of glacial Lake Hind began shortly after 12 ka, as a small lake formed between the Souris and Red River lobes in southwestern Manitoba.
    [Show full text]