“Early Modern Castle Sites in Modern Japan”

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

“Early Modern Castle Sites in Modern Japan” “Early Modern Castle Sites in Modern Japan” Report of the Research Symposium on the Preservation and Utilization of Historic Sites in FY 2016 Table of Contents Preface Introduction Early Modern Castle Sites in Modern Japan‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 1 UCHIDA Kazunobu (Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties) Ⅰ Reports Outline of the Symposium‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 4 1. Local Patriotism and Castle Sites in the Modern Era: ‥ Centered on Domain Founders and Cherry Trees‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 5 TAKAGI Hiroshi (Kyoto University) 2. Shrines and Commemorative Markers at Early Modern Castle Sites‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥15 HAGA Shōji (Nagoya University) 3. Scenic Beauty and the Conversions of Castle Sites to Public Parks, Imitation Castle Keeps and Scenery‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥23 NONAKA Katsutoshi (University of Tsukuba) 4. Modern Structural Remains Located at Early Modern Castle Sites‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥33 UCHIDA Kazunobu (Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties) Record of the Discussion‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥74 Ⅱ Related Papers 1. Surviving Castles and Abolished Castles: When Did Castles Cease?‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥88 MORIYAMA Eiichi (Castle Researcher) 2. Origins of the Castle Preservation Movement: Activities of Government Figures in the Early Meiji Period for Preserving Castles and Their Background‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 125 MORIYAMA Eiichi (Castle Researcher) 3. Memo on the Protection of Early Modern Castles‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 135 SATŌ Masatomo (Cultural Properties Department, Agency for Cultural Affairs) 4. On the Works of Modern Architects at Early Modern Castle Sites‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 143 FUKUSHIMA Hirohito (Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties) ⅢCase Studies 1. Regarding the Circumstances Behind the Tottori Castle Site Cherry Trees, Their Current State and Issues: Castle Sites' Utilization as Public Parks and Their Planted Vegetation‥‥‥‥ 161 SASAKI Takafumi (Board of Education, Tottori City) 2. The Takatō Castle Site and the Takatō Winter-Flowering Cherry Trees: Coexistence of a Historic Site and the Best Cherries in the Land‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 169 ŌSAWA Kazuko (Board of Education, Ina City) 3. Current State and Issues in the Management of Historic Site Ueda Castle:From the Examples of the New Construction of the Sanada Shrine Officeand the Removal of the Civic Center ‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 177 WANEZAKI Tsuyoshi (Board of Education, Ueda City) 4. Park Management at Historic Site Wakayama Castle: Centered on Management by Honda Seiroku and Mori Osamu‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 185 ŌYAMA Ryōsuke (Industrial City Development Bureau, Wakayama City) 5. On the Transformation to Kaikoen Garden: Komoro Castle Site and Kaikoen Garden‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 193 SANTŌ Takehiro ( Board of Education, Komoro City) 6. On the Current State of Amagasaki Castle Site and Community Development Plans for the Castle recinct: Efforts at Community Development and Preserving the Vanished Form of Amagasaki Castle‥ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 199 MASUDA Hiyoshi (Board of Education, Amagasaki City) 7. Preservation and Utilization of Modern Architecture in the Environs of Nagoya Castle Seen in the Nagoya City Plan for the Maintenance and Improvement of Historic Scenery‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 207 MATSUDA Kazuhiko (Bureau of Tourism, Culture and Exchange, Nagoya City) Table of Contents 215.
Recommended publications
  • Professor Michael Screech's Memories of Rural Post-War Japan
    57 Posted to Tottori: Professor Michael Screech’s Memories of Rural Post-war Japan. Thomas Lockley Professor Michael Screech The Reverend Dr. Michael Screech, BA, DLitt, FBA, FRSL, was an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford and Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. In 1992, he was honoured as a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honour in recognition of his literary works, and his translation of Montaigne’s Essays has been widely recognized. He was born on May 2. 1926 in Plymouth, England, and died on June 1, 2018, aged 92. Professor Timon Screech Professor Timon Screech is Michael Screech’s son, and I would like to extend my sincere thanks to him for having checked this paper at each stage of writing. His ideas, insights, and corrections made the article. Timon Screech gained an early interest in Japan by hearing about his father’s experiences, and after a BA in Oriental Studies(Japanese) at Oxford University, he took a PhD in the History of Art at Harvard. Since 1991, he has taught the History of Japanese Art at SOAS, University of London and has been a visiting researcher at various Japanese universities including Waseda and Gakushuin. He is a Permanent Visiting Professor at Tama 58 桜文論叢 University of the Arts and is a globally renowned expert on the culture and art of early modern Japan. Introduction Michael Screech was a British intelligence operative who was posted to occupation Japan in February 1946 at the age of only 20. This article, based i on a personal interview carried out on February 3.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Ueda Castle
    The Cherry Blossom Festival in Ueda 2014 4/4-4/20 April 4th(Fri.) to April 20th(Sun.) Ueda Castle Park Illumination(Sunset-22:00) 4/4(Fri.)-4/20 (Sun.) Local Product Fair 4/4 (Fri.)-4/20 (Sun.) Free Miso Soup Service 4/4 (Fri.)-4/20 (Sun.) Trained Monkey Performance 4/4 (Fri.)-4/20 (Sun.) Special Stage (Japanese Dance/Song) 4/12(Sat.) Miniature Shrine Performance 4/13 (Sun.) 4/11(Fri.), 12(Sat.), 18(Fri), 19(Sat.) 4/26-27 (Sat. to Sun.) *Candle Light Illumination Ueda Sanada Festival (Ueda Castle Park) (Main Venue : Ueda Castle Park) Live Concert / Local Product Fair (Sat.) Samurai Parade / Ancient Firearm Performance . Drum Performance (Sun.) 4/20 (Sun.) 9:00-16:00 Ueda Castle Park Taiko (Drum) Performance by Children 4/12 (Sat.)-20(San.) Santo-Ueda Hall Hanging Hina-doll Exhibition ★You can get a free English speaking guide at the castle. Contact us in advance! EGG (Volunteer English Guide Group) e-mail : [email protected] The Cherry Blossom Festival in Ueda 2014 History of Ueda Castle The feudal lord Sanada Masayuki built Ueda Castle in 1583. The castle was built on a cliff along the Chikuma River. The castle became known all over Japan after the Sanada clan defeated the formidable Tokugawa army twice. For the first battle, a small force of 2000 Sanada soldiers fought an enormous 8000-strong Tokugawa army and defeated the Tokugawa in 1585. In the second battle, in 1600, the Sanada again defeated the much bigger Tokugawa army. In the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), the biggest inland battle in Japanese history, the Tokugawa fought against the Toyotomi fiercely.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information Index 10th Division, 101, 117, 123, 174 Aichi Prefecture, 77, 83, 86, 90, 124, 149, 10th Infantry Brigade, 72 171, 179, 304, 327 10th Infantry Regiment, 101, 108, 323 Aizu, Battle of, 28 11th Infantry Regiment, 173 Aizu-Wakamatsu, 37, 38, 53, 74, 92, 108, 12th Division, 104 161, 163, 167, 268, 270, 276, 277, 12th Infantry Regiment, 71 278, 279, 281, 282, 296, 299, 300, 14th Infantry Regiment, 104, 108, 223 307, 313, 317, 327 15th Division, 125 Aizu-Wakamatsu Castle, 9, 28, 38, 62, 75, 17th Infantry Regiment, 109 77, 81, 277, 282, 286, 290, 311 18th Infantry Regiment, 124, 324 Akamatsu Miyokichi, 64 19th Infantry Regiment, 35 Akasaka Detached Palace, 33, 194, 1st Cavalry Division (US Army), 189, 190 195, 204 1st Infantry Regiment, 110 Akashi Castle, 52, 69, 78 22nd Infantry Regiment, 72, 123 Akechi Mitsuhide, 93 23rd Infantry Regiment, 124 Alnwick Castle, 52 29th Infantry Regiment, 161 Alsace, 58, 309 2nd Division, 35, 117, 324 Amakasu Masahiko, 110 2nd General Army, 2 Amakusa Shirō , 163 33rd Division, 199 Amanuma Shun’ichi, 151 39th Infantry Regiment, 101 American Civil War, 26, 105 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 125 anarchists, 110 3rd Division, 102, 108, 125 Ansei Purge, 56 3rd Infantry Battalion, 101 anti-military feeling, 121, 126, 133 47th Infantry Regiment, 104 Aoba Castle (Sendai), 35, 117, 124, 224 4th Division, 77, 108, 111, 112, 114, 121, Aomori, 30, 34 129, 131, 133–136, 166, 180, 324, Aoyama family, 159 325, 326 Arakawa
    [Show full text]
  • [Original Paper]
    A Study on the Location of Castle and Urban Structure of Castle-town by Watershed Based Analysis LIM Luong1, SASAKI Yoh2 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University (3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan) E-mail:[email protected] 2Member of JSCE, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Waseda University (3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan) E-mail:[email protected] This research seeks to identify the urban planning methods for sustainable development by introducting watershed based analysis. From the view point of the ecological aspects, characteristics of Japanese cas- tle-town, JYOKAMACHI, was dedicated as one of important factors to identify urban planning methods. Therefore, the location of castle and its urban structure were investigated. GIS is used to analyze the loca- tion of castle and its urban structure by mean of watershed based analysis. Results showed that among 86 castle locations, about 34% of castle locations of Hilltop, Mountaintop and Flatland is located on the catchment edge, 60% is located near by the catchment edge and 6% is located in the middle of the catch- ment edge. 88% of most of the castle locations was found located at the highest elevation area comparing to its surrounding and within the catchment it’s located. It can be said that most of the castle locations tends to be located at the highest elevation area as a unit of watershed. 10 cases of overlaying maps between urban structure of castle-town in edo period and catchment maps showed that urban structure of castle-town had strong relationship with watershed.
    [Show full text]
  • Tottori a Whole New Japan [ Travel Spot Guide ]
    TOTTORI A WHOLE NEW JAPAN [ TRAVEL SPOT GUIDE ] Tottori. At first, even the name was unfamiliar to me. Little did I know that what awaited me was the adventure of a lifetime full of sights, tastes, moments, and memories that I would treasure forever... Tottori, Uniquely Yours Tottori Official Website Tottori Tourism Guide www.tottori-tour.jp/en/ Facebook Visit Tottori, Japan www.facebook.com/ tottoritouren/ Instagram TOTTORI Awesome www.instagram.com/ tottoriawesome/ Traveling to Tottori Majestic sand dunes shimmer under resplendent Tottori is an 80-minute flight from Tokyo starry skies. Old-growth forests enshroud mountain and a few hours by train from Osaka and sanctuaries long protected as the dwelling place Kyoto. Nestled between the Sea of Japan and the Chugoku Mountains, this region of of gods. Cultural legacies passed down through unparalleled natural beauty blessed with the ages lives on in historical shrines and temples. the fruits of the land and bounty of the sea Sapporo Here, local delicacies prepared with fresh seasonal is an ideal destination for travelers seeking to venture off the beaten path. ingredients punctuate every outdoor adventure. Here, a veritable mountain of unique discoveries awaits. Here, you don’t have to settle for the sights Kyoto Tottori that everyone has already seen. Nagoya Come to Tottori and find a whole new Japan. Fukuoka Tokyo Osaka Hiroshima Tottori The stage is set for your adventure. 2 3 9:00 a.m. Mizuki Shigeru Road Fantastical creatures from Japanese folklore called Yokai will delight children and adults alike at this popular site dedicated to the famous manga artist Mizuki Shigeru.
    [Show full text]
  • Around Tokyo Fukushima
    Japan Things to see, do, and experience trip from the metropolis Discover the Heart of Japan Adventures AROUND TOKYO FUKUSHIMA IBARAKI TOCHIGI GUNMA CHIBA SAITAMA TOKYO KANAGAWA NIIGATA YAMANASHI NAGANO Discover the Heart of Japan Adventures AROUND TOKYO Tokyo is a popular place to begin your journey in Japan, but in its surrounding regions you’ll fi nd some of the best scenery in the nation, delicious foods and beverages, and old traditions still alive. Fortunately, Japan’s excellent transportation network makes it very easy to venture out of the metropolis, either for a day trip or an extended adventure, and to discover some truly unique sights in these areas. Inside this photo storybook, learn about the many facets of these regions (organized by theme) and gain inspiration to create your own custom adventure. There’s something for everyone. Those fascinated by the nation’s long history can experience Japanese religious traditions or participate in traditional arts and crafts. Those eager to delve into more current topics can dis- cover the taste of Japanese wine, explore the future of high- speed rail, or learn about the nation’s preeminence in science and NIIGATA technology. The various topics introduced here are merely a few examples of the many attractive aspects of the regions around Tokyo. We hope that you will be inspired to discover the incredi- ble opportunities that await. TOYAMA ISHIKAWA GUNMA NAGANO FUKUI GIFU YAMANASHI TOTTORI SHIMANE KYOTO SHIGA SHIZUOKA HYOGO AICHI OKAYAMA HIROSHIMA OSAKA MIE NARA YAMAGUCHI KAGAWA EHIME
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Japanese History
    An Encyclopedia of Japanese History compiled by Chris Spackman Copyright Notice Copyright © 2002-2004 Chris Spackman and contributors Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” Table of Contents Frontmatter........................................................... ......................................5 Abe Family (Mikawa) – Azukizaka, Battle of (1564)..................................11 Baba Family – Buzen Province............................................... ..................37 Chang Tso-lin – Currency............................................... ..........................45 Daido Masashige – Dutch Learning..........................................................75 Echigo Province – Etō Shinpei................................................................ ..78 Feminism – Fuwa Mitsuharu................................................... ..................83 Gamō Hideyuki – Gyoki................................................. ...........................88 Habu Yoshiharu – Hyūga Province............................................... ............99 Ibaraki Castle – Izu Province..................................................................118 Japan Communist Party – Jurakutei Castle............................................135
    [Show full text]
  • Nagano Prefecture Tourism Promotion Division Sports Commission
    Photo by PHOTO KISHIMOTO Come to Nagano! ©Nagano Pref. Arukuma Nagano Pref. PR Character "Arukuma" Nagano Prefecture Tourism Promotion Division Sports Commission E-mail:[email protected] http://www.go-nagano.net/sc/sc.pdf Nagano Prefecture Voices from Olympians -- Welcome NAGANO What Makes Nagano So Attractive for Athletes? The “Athlete First” Spirit Cherished in Nagano Prefecture Kenji Ogiwara For me, Nagano Prefecture is special not only as for athletes to concentrate on their competitions or Message from Governor the stage of the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, but training, done so without being intrusive. This spirit Surrounded on all four sides by “Japan’s Roof” of 3,000m high mountain ranges (“the Japan Alps”), Nagano Prefecture also as one of the important places that has was unveiled and polished through the is one of the leading mountain tourism sites in Japan, rich in vast, beautiful nature. supported my harsh yet splendid athletic life. As an experiences of the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, Sporting activities are very popular here in Nagano, especially those which fully utilize the benefits of being located in athlete, I quite often visited Nozawa Onsen Village and is set to advance in to the future. the highlands and having such bountiful nature like rivers and lakes. In addition, Nagano Prefecture has clear, clean air and Hakuba Village, equipped with ski jump and I have no doubt that Nagano Prefecture would and water, and safe, delicious food, grown in fertile land. People here enjoy an active and vigorous lifestyle, helping to cross-country facilities, for competitions and make an excellent training camp site for top level make Nagano the top ranking prefecture for longevity in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperial Palace Tokyo
    セクション名 ページ名 セクション全体 トップページのみ サブページのみ 月間平均PV カテゴリ 月間平均PV カテゴリ 月間平均PV カテゴリ 東京トップ Tokyo 117,181 9 東京:1 Tokyo 282,500 12 117,181 9 165,319 11 千代田・ Tokyo: Akihabara 中央エリア Tokyo: Tsukiji Tokyo: Imperial Palace Tokyo: Ginza Tokyo: East Gardens Tokyo: Marunouchi Tokyo: Yurakucho Tokyo: Central Tokyo Tokyo: Nihonbashi Tokyo: Tsukishima Tokyo: Kanda Tokyo Itinerary: Ginza 東京:2 Tokyo 216,099 12 117,181 9 98,918 8 港・恵比寿 Tokyo: Odaiba お台場・ Tokyo: Tokyo Tower 品川エリア Tokyo: Roppongi Roppongi Hills AnimeJapan Tokyo: Hama Rikyu Tokyo: Shinagawa Tokyo: Sengakuji Tokyo: Shiodome Tokyo: Yebisu Garden Place Tokyo: Zojoji Tokyo: Southern Tokyo Tokyo Motor Show Tokyo Midtown Tokyo Itinerary: Odaiba Tokyo: Akasaka Sacas Tokyo: Toyosu Tokyo: Kyu Shiba Rikyu Garden 東京:3 Tokyo 192,928 12 117,181 9 71,288 7 渋谷・原宿 Tokyo: Harajuku エリア Tokyo: Shibuya Tokyo: Meiji Shrine Tokyo: Yoyogi Koen Tokyo: NHK Studiopark Tokyo: Institute for Nature Study 東京:4 Tokyo 228,480 12 117,181 9 111,229 9 新宿・池袋 Tokyo: Shinjuku 文京エリア Tokyo: Ikebukuro Tokyo: Shinjuku Gyoen Tokyo: Koishikawa Korakuen Tokyo: Ghibli Museum Tokyo: Tocho Tokyo: Tokyo Dome City Tokyo: Nakano Broadway Tokyo: Yasukuni Shrine Tokyo: Kagurazaka Tokyo Itinerary: Shinjuku Tokyo: Koishikawa Botanical Garden 東京:5 Tokyo 250,253 12 117,181 9 133,072 10 台東エリア Tokyo: Asakusa (上野・浅草) Tokyo: Sensoji Tokyo Skytree Tokyo: Ueno Park Tokyo: Ameyoko Tokyo: Rikugien Tokyo: Kappabashi Street Tokyo: Ryogoku Edo-Tokyo Museum Tokyo: Yanaka Tokyo: Northern Tokyo Tokyo: Sanja Matsuri Tokyo: Sumida Aquarium Tokyo Itinerary: Asakusa Tokyo:
    [Show full text]
  • October 2016
    WWW.NONSTOP.TRAVEL | (808) 593-0700 | OCTOBER 2016 Look Inside for The First Premium Escorted Tour! inside: JAPAN LAND TOURS › southeast asia cruises › KOREA › europe cruises › US LAND › alaska & MORE! Aloha, We'd like to thank our “VIP” customers, who have become repeat visitors to Japan with Non-Stop Travel, and have asked us to offer a “Premium Service” tour to Japan that would make return trips extra special. In response, Non-Stop Travel is pleased to introduce, “Premium Escorted Tours” to Japan. Enjoy your choice of Japan Airlines' "Premium Economy" or the affordable luxury of “Business Class” service. Begin your journey with a relaxing visit to JAL's “Sakura Lounge”, minimum two nights of luxurious hotel accommodations in each city, memorable dinners along with travel in “First Class” cabins on all train rides. Limited to only 24 pampered travelers, our goal is to provide the ultimate in comfort and a truly unique experience. Join us on the first “Premium Escorted Tour,” “Japan’s Top 3 Gardens” tour featuring a “Kobe Beef & Seafood Teppanyaki Dinner” and “Private Dinner 3 st 1 6 with a Maiko Entertainer”. (Details on pages 4 & 5) 201 As always, thank you for your continued patronage. Mahalo!! Brenda Cabral Gene Miyake Danny Ching Manager Vice President President Lezlee Tam Janet Tanaka Assistant Manager Manager Cover: North Arch in Arches National Park, Mount Rushmore & Monuments in Monument Valley. Background Photo (Left): Cherry Blossoms. | Background Photo (Right): Himeji Castle. Inset Bottom Left: Joy and Wayne Nakamoto display sake bottles from Otokoyama Sake Brewery, Hokkaido. Inset Bottom Right: Jubilant Group Members at the Summit of Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of a Sleeping Beauty a 100-Monme Hand Cannon for the Bugyo Magistrate to Lord Mizuno
    The Story of a Sleeping Beauty A 100-Monme Hand Cannon for the Bugyo Magistrate to Lord Mizuno Outline It is rare that the complete story of a pre-1870 Japanese Tanegashima matchlock is known. This present Ozutsu ‘hand cannon’ however, is signed in detail, and can be traced with some degree of certainty back to its very creation in late Edo Osaka Japan, then through its later travel to the United States, and afterwards to a long sleep in a castle in Ireland. After awaking, this 26-kilogram monster gun finally came full circle to complete a 75-year circumnavigation of the globe. If the fairy tale continues like this, it will be fired for the first time in over 150 years, to commemorate the new main gate at Tottori Castle in March of 2021. Background It might be easier to start right at the beginning, but for us this story starts somewhere in the middle with the discovery of this gun in Castle Matrix in Ireland. Originally built in the 1400s, the castle has had a romantic history, falling into ruins until repurposed into a family home, and then a hotel in more recent years. Now once more it is becoming neglected, the woods gradually surrounding it, as in the story of the Sleeping Beauty. There was a collection of Japanese artefacts inside, rusting and molding away in a vast pile, and the whole lot was owned by the widow of a United States Colonel, John Joffre (aka ‘Sean’) O’Driscoll. According to an article in Eire’s Independent Newspaper, this Irish-American Colonel O’Driscoll was an aide to General Douglas MacArthur while accepting the surrender of the Japanese in 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Facility List
    Facility List The Walt Disney Company is committed to fostering safe, inclusive and respectful workplaces wherever Disney-branded products are manufactured. Numerous measures in support of this commitment are in place, including increased transparency. To that end, we have published this list of the roughly 7,600 facilities in over 70 countries that manufacture Disney-branded products sold, distributed or used in our own retail businesses such as The Disney Stores and Theme Parks, as well as those used in our internal operations. Our goal in releasing this information is to foster collaboration with industry peers, governments, non- governmental organizations and others interested in improving working conditions. Under our International Labor Standards (ILS) Program, facilities that manufacture products or components incorporating Disney intellectual properties must be declared to Disney and receive prior authorization to manufacture. The list below includes the names and addresses of facilities disclosed to us by vendors under the requirements of Disney’s ILS Program for our vertical business, which includes our own retail businesses and internal operations. The list does not include the facilities used only by licensees of The Walt Disney Company or its affiliates that source, manufacture and sell consumer products by and through independent entities. Disney’s vertical business comprises a wide range of product categories including apparel, toys, electronics, food, home goods, personal care, books and others. As a result, the number of facilities involved in the production of Disney-branded products may be larger than for companies that operate in only one or a limited number of product categories. In addition, because we require vendors to disclose any facility where Disney intellectual property is present as part of the manufacturing process, the list includes facilities that may extend beyond finished goods manufacturers or final assembly locations.
    [Show full text]