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Groundwater Oxygen Isotope Anomaly Before the M6.6 Tottori Earthquake
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Groundwater oxygen isotope anomaly before the M6.6 Tottori earthquake in Southwest Japan Received: 13 December 2017 Satoki Onda1, Yuji Sano 1, Naoto Takahata 1, Takanori Kagoshima1, Toshihiro Miyajima1, Accepted: 8 March 2018 Tomo Shibata2, Daniele L. Pinti 3, Tefang Lan4, Nak Kyu Kim5, Minoru Kusakabe5 & Published: xx xx xxxx Yoshiro Nishio6 Geochemical monitoring of groundwater in seismically-active regions has been carried out since 1970s. Precursors were well documented, but often criticized for anecdotal or fragmentary signals, and for lacking a clear physico-chemical explanation for these anomalies. Here we report – as potential seismic precursor – oxygen isotopic ratio anomalies of +0.24‰ relative to the local background measured in groundwater, a few months before the Tottori earthquake (M 6.6) in Southwest Japan. Samples were deep groundwater located 5 km west of the epicenter, packed in bottles and distributed as drinking water between September 2015 and July 2017, a time frame which covers the pre- and post-event. Small but substantial increase of 0.07‰ was observed soon after the earthquake. Laboratory crushing experiments of aquifer rock aimed to simulating rock deformation under strain and tensile stresses were carried out. Measured helium degassing from the rock and 18O-shift suggest that the co-seismic oxygen anomalies are directly related to volumetric strain changes. The fndings provide a plausible physico- chemical basis to explain geochemical anomalies in water and may be useful in future earthquake prediction research. Hydro-geochemical precursors of major earthquakes have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide, because they are not entirely unexpected1,2. -
Professor Michael Screech's Memories of Rural Post-War Japan
57 Posted to Tottori: Professor Michael Screech’s Memories of Rural Post-war Japan. Thomas Lockley Professor Michael Screech The Reverend Dr. Michael Screech, BA, DLitt, FBA, FRSL, was an Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford and Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. In 1992, he was honoured as a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honour in recognition of his literary works, and his translation of Montaigne’s Essays has been widely recognized. He was born on May 2. 1926 in Plymouth, England, and died on June 1, 2018, aged 92. Professor Timon Screech Professor Timon Screech is Michael Screech’s son, and I would like to extend my sincere thanks to him for having checked this paper at each stage of writing. His ideas, insights, and corrections made the article. Timon Screech gained an early interest in Japan by hearing about his father’s experiences, and after a BA in Oriental Studies（Japanese） at Oxford University, he took a PhD in the History of Art at Harvard. Since 1991, he has taught the History of Japanese Art at SOAS, University of London and has been a visiting researcher at various Japanese universities including Waseda and Gakushuin. He is a Permanent Visiting Professor at Tama 58 桜文論叢 University of the Arts and is a globally renowned expert on the culture and art of early modern Japan. Introduction Michael Screech was a British intelligence operative who was posted to occupation Japan in February 1946 at the age of only 20. This article, based i on a personal interview carried out on February 3. -
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JP9950127 ®n m&?. mti HBA\ /j^¥ m** f «ffe#«i^p^fe«j:y f^± (top-soii) frbzarm (sub-son) '\<Dm$tm*wfeLtz0 i37 ,37 ®mmm(nmij\c£^ffi'Pi-& cs(DfrMim%¥mmmm7^mT\ ££>c cs<z)fe , i3, !^«££1ffiIELfc&JK0*£«fc^«'> tS Cs<Dn<Dffi8¥tmffil*4l~-42Spk%-3tz0 ffi^f.^CTi'N© 137Cs©*»4^iMf^±fc*)1.6~1.7%/^-C&o^o £fc* 1996^K t3, &\fZ Cs<Dft±£*<DTm<D%ttm&*mfeLfcm%\*¥ftX-6:4t1i-it:0 Residence half-time of 137Cs in the top-soils of Japanese paddy and upland fields Misako KOMAMURA, Akito TSUMURA*. Kiyoshi K0DA1RA** National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, *ex-National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, **Prof. Em. Ashikaga Institute of Technology A series of top-soil samples of 14 paddy fields and 10 upland fields in Japan, were annually collected during more than 30 years, to be examined in the contents of ,37Cs. The data, which were obtained by the use of a gamma spectrometric system, received some statistical treatments to distinguish the annual decline of 137Cs contents from deviations. Then the authors calculated "residence half-time of137Cs" within top-soil, and "eluviation rate of 137Cs" from top to the sub-layer of the soil. The following nationwide results were obtained irrespective of paddy or upland fields: (1) The "apparent residence half-time" was estimated as 16—-17 years. This one consists of both effects of eluviation and nuclear disintegration. (2) The "true residence half-time" was reported as 41~~42 years. This one depends on the eluviation speed of 137Cs exclusively, because the influence of nuclear disinte• gration has been compensated. -
China Russia
1 1 1 1 Acheng 3 Lesozavodsk 3 4 4 0 Didao Jixi 5 0 5 Shuangcheng Shangzhi Link? ou ? ? ? ? Hengshan ? 5 SEA OF 5 4 4 Yushu Wuchang OKHOTSK Dehui Mudanjiang Shulan Dalnegorsk Nongan Hailin Jiutai Jishu CHINA Kavalerovo Jilin Jiaohe Changchun RUSSIA Dunhua Uglekamensk HOKKAIDOO Panshi Huadian Tumen Partizansk Sapporo Hunchun Vladivostok Liaoyuan Chaoyang Longjing Yanji Nahodka Meihekou Helong Hunjiang Najin Badaojiang Tong Hua Hyesan Kanggye Aomori Kimchaek AOMORI ? ? 0 AKITA 0 4 DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S 4 REPUBLIC OF KOREA Akita Morioka IWATE SEA O F Pyongyang GULF OF KOREA JAPAN Nampo YAMAJGATAA PAN Yamagata MIYAGI Sendai Haeju Niigata Euijeongbu Chuncheon Bucheon Seoul NIIGATA Weonju Incheon Anyang ISIKAWA ChechonREPUBLIC OF HUKUSIMA Suweon KOREA TOTIGI Cheonan Chungju Toyama Cheongju Kanazawa GUNMA IBARAKI TOYAMA PACIFIC OCEAN Nagano Mito Andong Maebashi Daejeon Fukui NAGANO Kunsan Daegu Pohang HUKUI SAITAMA Taegu YAMANASI TOOKYOO YELLOW Ulsan Tottori GIFU Tokyo Matsue Gifu Kofu Chiba SEA TOTTORI Kawasaki KANAGAWA Kwangju Masan KYOOTO Yokohama Pusan SIMANE Nagoya KANAGAWA TIBA ? HYOOGO Kyoto SIGA SIZUOKA ? 5 Suncheon Chinhae 5 3 Otsu AITI 3 OKAYAMA Kobe Nara Shizuoka Yeosu HIROSIMA Okayama Tsu KAGAWA HYOOGO Hiroshima OOSAKA Osaka MIE YAMAGUTI OOSAKA Yamaguchi Takamatsu WAKAYAMA NARA JAPAN Tokushima Wakayama TOKUSIMA Matsuyama National Capital Fukuoka HUKUOKA WAKAYAMA Jeju EHIME Provincial Capital Cheju Oita Kochi SAGA KOOTI City, town EAST CHINA Saga OOITA Major Airport SEA NAGASAKI Kumamoto Roads Nagasaki KUMAMOTO Railroad Lake MIYAZAKI River, lake JAPAN KAGOSIMA Miyazaki International Boundary Provincial Boundary Kagoshima 0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers Miles 0 10 20 40 60 80 ? ? ? ? 0 5 0 5 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 The boundaries and names show n and t he designations us ed on this map do not imply of ficial endors ement or acceptance by the United N at ions. -
Local Dishes Loved by the Nation
Sapporo 1 Hakodate 2 Japan 5 3 Niigata 6 4 Kanazawa 15 7 Sendai Kyoto 17 16 Kobe 10 9 18 20 31 11 8 ocal dishes Hiroshima 32 21 33 28 26 19 13 Fukuoka 34 25 12 35 23 22 14 40 37 27 24 29 Tokyo loved by 41 38 36 Nagoya 42 44 39 30 Shizuoka Yokohama 43 45 Osaka Nagasaki 46 Kochi the nation Kumamoto ■ Hokkaido ■ Tohoku Kagoshima L ■ Kanto ■ Chubu ■ Kansai 47 ■ Chugoku ■ Shikoku Naha ■ Kyushu ■ Okinawa 1 Hokkaido 17 Ishikawa Prefecture 33 Okayama Prefecture 2 Aomori Prefecture 18 Fukui Prefecture 34 Hiroshima Prefecture 3 Iwate Prefecture 19 Yamanashi Prefecture 35 Yamaguchi Prefecture 4 Miyagi Prefecture 20 Nagano Prefecture 36 Tokushima Prefecture 5 Akita Prefecture 21 Gifu Prefecture 37 Kagawa Prefecture 6 Yamagata Prefecture 22 Shizuoka Prefecture 38 Ehime Prefecture 7 Fukushima Prefecture 23 Aichi Prefecture 39 Kochi Prefecture 8 Ibaraki Prefecture 24 Mie Prefecture 40 Fukuoka Prefecture 9 Tochigi Prefecture 25 Shiga Prefecture 41 Saga Prefecture 10 Gunma Prefecture 26 Kyoto Prefecture 42 Nagasaki Prefecture 11 Saitama Prefecture 27 Osaka Prefecture 43 Kumamoto Prefecture 12 Chiba Prefecture 28 Hyogo Prefecture 44 Oita Prefecture 13 Tokyo 29 Nara Prefecture 45 Miyazaki Prefecture 14 Kanagawa Prefecture 30 Wakayama Prefecture 46 Kagoshima Prefecture 15 Niigata Prefecture 31 Tottori Prefecture 47 Okinawa Prefecture 16 Toyama Prefecture 32 Shimane Prefecture Local dishes loved by the nation Hokkaido Map No.1 Northern delights Iwate Map No.3 Cool noodles Hokkaido Rice bowl with Tohoku Uni-ikura-don sea urchin and Morioka Reimen Chilled noodles -
Chugoku・Shikoku Ｊａｐａｎ
in CHUGOKU・SHIKOKU ＪＡＰＡＮ A map introducing facilities related to food and agriculture in the Chugoku-Shikoku Tottori Shimane Eat Okayama Hiroshima Yamaguchi Stay Kagawa Tokushima Ehime Kochi Experience Rice cake making Sightseeing Rice -planting 疏水のある風景写真コンテスト2010 Soba making 入選作品 題名「春うらら」 第13回しまねの農村景観フォトコンテスト入賞作品 第19回しまねの農村景観フォトコンテスト入賞作品 Chugoku-shikoku Regional Agricultural Administration Office Oki 26 【Chugoku Region】 7 13 9 8 Tottori sand dunes 5 3 1 Bullet train 14 2 25 4 16 17 11 Tottori Railway 36 15 12 6 Izumo Taisha 41 Matsue Tottori Pref. Shrine 18 Kurayoshi Expressway 37 10 Shimane Pref. 47 24 45 27 31 22 42 43 35 19 55 28 Iwami Silver Mine 48 38 50 44 29 33 34 32 30 Okayama Pref. 39 23 20 54 53 46 40 49 57 Okayama 21 Okayama 52 51 Kurashiki Korakuen 59 Hiroshima Pref. 60 64 79 75 76 80 62 Hiroshima Fukuyama Hagi 61 58 67 56 Atom Bomb Dome Great Seto Bridge 74 Yamaguchi Pref.Yamaguchi Kagawa Pref. 77 63 Miyajima Kintaikyo 68 69 Bridge Tokushima Pref. Shimonoseki 66 65 72 73 Ehime Pref. 70 71 78 Tottori Prefecture No. Facility Item Operating hours Address Phone number・URL Supported (operation period) Access language Tourism farms 1206Yuyama,Fukube-cho,Tottori city Phone ：0857-75-2175 Mikaen Pear picking No holiday during 1 English 味果園 (Aug.1- early Nov.) the period. 20 min by taxi from JR Tottori Station on the Sanin http://www.mikaen.jp/ main line 1074-1Hara,Yurihama Town,Tohaku-gun Phone ：0858-34-2064 KOBAYASHI FARM Strawberry picking 8:00～ 2 English 小林農園 (early Mar.- late Jun.) Irregular holidays. -
Sakai Port Tourist Information
Sakai Port Tourist Information http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/cruise/ Sakai's kaisen-don (fresh seafood rice bowl) The Sakai Port is one of the best fishing ports in Japan. Sakai has large volume of fresh bluefin tuna and crab catch in Japan. In addition, there are also various fresh seafood caught more fresh on a daily depending on the season such as shiroika (white squid), aji (horse mackerel), snow crab, Silver Salmon and other seafood. Sakai's kaisen-don (fresh seafood rice bowl) is as good as one would expect for a port town with such fresh seafood. Location/View Access 5 min. via car from port(2km) Parking for Season Year-round tour buses 24 buses The city of fish and Kitaro Sakaiminato Guide for Related links Sightseeing http://www.sakaiminato.net/foreign/ Contact Us [Tottori Prefecture Tourism and Exchange Bureau International Tourism Attraction Division ] TEL:+18-857-26-7421 l E-MAIL:[email protected] l Website:http://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/kokusaikankou/ Izumo Soba ( Buckwheat Noodles) Izumo soba is made from unhusked buckwheat soba grains which are freshly ground into a powder. The husks are used in the process, making the color darker and the aroma stronger compared to other types of soba found in Japan. Some of the ways you can enjoy it include the "warigo" style which involves three round bowls stacked on each other where you add your toppings individually to each bowl and the "kama-age" style where noodles come served in the water that the noodles were boiled in. -
Simulation of the Transition Metal-Based Cumulative Oxidative
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Simulation of the transition metal‑based cumulative oxidative potential in East Asia and its emission sources in Japan Mizuo Kajino1,2*, Hiroyuki Hagino3, Yuji Fujitani4, Tazuko Morikawa3, Tetsuo Fukui5, Kazunari Onishi6, Tomoaki Okuda7 & Yasuhito Igarashi8,9 The aerosol oxidative potential (OP) is considered to better represent the acute health hazards of aerosols than the mass concentration of fne particulate matter (PM2.5). The proposed major contributors to OP are water soluble transition metals and organic compounds, but the relative magnitudes of these compounds to the total OP are not yet fully understood. In this study, as the frst step toward the numerical prediction of OP, the cumulative OP (OPtm*) based on the top fve key transition metals, namely, Cu, Mn, Fe, V, and Ni, was defned. The solubilities of metals were assumed constant over time and space based on measurements. Then, the feasibility of its prediction was verifed by comparing OPtm* values based on simulated metals to that based on observed metals in East Asia. PM2.5 typically consists of primary and secondary species, while OPtm* only represents primary species. This disparity caused diferences in the domestic contributions of PM2.5 and OPtm*, especially in large cities in western Japan. The annual mean domestic contributions of PM2.5 were 40%, while those of OPtm* ranged from 50 to 55%. Sector contributions to the OPtm* emissions in Japan were also assessed. The main important sectors were the road brake and iron–steel industry sectors, followed by power plants, road exhaust, and railways. Te aerosol oxidative potential (OP), the potential to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells that induce airway oxidative stress and infammation, is considered to better represent the health hazards of aerosols than the 1–3 mass concentration of very fne particulate matter (PM 2.5) . -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48194-6 — Japan's Castles Oleg Benesch , Ran Zwigenberg Index More Information Index 10th Division, 101, 117, 123, 174 Aichi Prefecture, 77, 83, 86, 90, 124, 149, 10th Infantry Brigade, 72 171, 179, 304, 327 10th Infantry Regiment, 101, 108, 323 Aizu, Battle of, 28 11th Infantry Regiment, 173 Aizu-Wakamatsu, 37, 38, 53, 74, 92, 108, 12th Division, 104 161, 163, 167, 268, 270, 276, 277, 12th Infantry Regiment, 71 278, 279, 281, 282, 296, 299, 300, 14th Infantry Regiment, 104, 108, 223 307, 313, 317, 327 15th Division, 125 Aizu-Wakamatsu Castle, 9, 28, 38, 62, 75, 17th Infantry Regiment, 109 77, 81, 277, 282, 286, 290, 311 18th Infantry Regiment, 124, 324 Akamatsu Miyokichi, 64 19th Infantry Regiment, 35 Akasaka Detached Palace, 33, 194, 1st Cavalry Division (US Army), 189, 190 195, 204 1st Infantry Regiment, 110 Akashi Castle, 52, 69, 78 22nd Infantry Regiment, 72, 123 Akechi Mitsuhide, 93 23rd Infantry Regiment, 124 Alnwick Castle, 52 29th Infantry Regiment, 161 Alsace, 58, 309 2nd Division, 35, 117, 324 Amakasu Masahiko, 110 2nd General Army, 2 Amakusa Shirō , 163 33rd Division, 199 Amanuma Shun’ichi, 151 39th Infantry Regiment, 101 American Civil War, 26, 105 3rd Cavalry Regiment, 125 anarchists, 110 3rd Division, 102, 108, 125 Ansei Purge, 56 3rd Infantry Battalion, 101 anti-military feeling, 121, 126, 133 47th Infantry Regiment, 104 Aoba Castle (Sendai), 35, 117, 124, 224 4th Division, 77, 108, 111, 112, 114, 121, Aomori, 30, 34 129, 131, 133–136, 166, 180, 324, Aoyama family, 159 325, 326 Arakawa -
Daisen-Oki National Park Boasts Diverse Sceneries, Comprising a Mountainous Area Stretching from Mt
Mountains where the gods reside, and a series of volcanoes and islands that breathe with ancient memories Daisen-Oki National Park boasts diverse sceneries, comprising a mountainous area stretching from Mt. Daisen, the highest Daisen-Oki peak of the Chugoku region, to Mt. Hiruzen and Mt. Kenashi, the Mt. Mitoku area, the coastal portion of the Shimane 15 Peninsula, the Mt. Sanbe area and the Oki Islands. This Park and its surrounding areas include places of mountain worship National Park and stages of a number of Japanese myths such as the Kunibiki Shinwa (“land-pulling myth”), and retain culture and livelihood deeply connected to nature. In the Park’s mountainous region, volcanic topography, forests and grasslands are part of a varied landscape where each area possesses distinct scenery. Amidst this majesty, Mt. Daisen is revered as Japan’s oldest kami-yama —mountain of gods—while Mt. Mitoku is said to be sacred ground for mountain asceticism. On the Shimane Peninsula along with Izumo Grand Shrine, one of the most important shrines in Japan, you will find scenic and historic locations associated with myths in every direction. At Miho Shrine, situated on the eastern tip of the Shimane Peninsula, Shinto rituals associated with two ancient accounts of Japanese history, the Kojiki and the Nihon- Shoki, are passed down as regional events, while the main hall of Izumo Grand Shrine, constructed in the oldest style of Shinto shrine architecture, is a designated National Treasure. The Oki Islands are celebrated for their spectacular islands and coastal scenery. In acknowledgement of the geohistory that dynamic forces created them, their isolated and unique ecosystem, and the lifestyle and traditions that this environment nurtured, the Islands have been designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark. -
![[Original Paper]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/9524/original-paper-1069524.webp)
[Original Paper]
A Study on the Location of Castle and Urban Structure of Castle-town by Watershed Based Analysis LIM Luong1, SASAKI Yoh2 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University (3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan) E-mail:[email protected] 2Member of JSCE, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Waseda University (3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan) E-mail:[email protected] This research seeks to identify the urban planning methods for sustainable development by introducting watershed based analysis. From the view point of the ecological aspects, characteristics of Japanese cas- tle-town, JYOKAMACHI, was dedicated as one of important factors to identify urban planning methods. Therefore, the location of castle and its urban structure were investigated. GIS is used to analyze the loca- tion of castle and its urban structure by mean of watershed based analysis. Results showed that among 86 castle locations, about 34% of castle locations of Hilltop, Mountaintop and Flatland is located on the catchment edge, 60% is located near by the catchment edge and 6% is located in the middle of the catch- ment edge. 88% of most of the castle locations was found located at the highest elevation area comparing to its surrounding and within the catchment it’s located. It can be said that most of the castle locations tends to be located at the highest elevation area as a unit of watershed. 10 cases of overlaying maps between urban structure of castle-town in edo period and catchment maps showed that urban structure of castle-town had strong relationship with watershed. -
Overview of Local Implementation Support
Overview of Local Implementation Support In the SIP "Infrastructure maintenance, renovation, and management technologies", an initiative to support implementation of these new technologies in local governments is being promoted through locally-based universities, etc. (Local Implementation Support Team). ■Support Activities ●Verification test for introduction of new technology for solving the problems of local governments, initiatives to provide technical advice, etc. Verification of application of advanced magnetic non-destructive testing Gifu University (Professor Rokugo) Verification of the use of robotic Verification of the performance on site of a bridge inspection robotic device for evaluation of degradation of the bottom of columns for signage technology on site (Gifu University, Kakamigahara City) camera (Nagasaki Prefecture, Saikai City) (Osaka city, Osaka Prefecture) ●Initiatives to spread information regarding the introduction of new technologies, for training of engineers ●Initiatives to introduce database systems for managing inspection data, etc. Public symposium by Hokkaido University and officials from local governments (Sapporo City, Hokkaido) Nagasaki University (Professor Matsuda) Providing information to members of the media regarding verification activities at Nakato Bridge (Saikai City, Nagasaki Prefecture) Explanation of database systems by Tohoku University for managers in the 35 cities, towns, and villages of Yamagata Prefecture (Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture) Technology explanatory meeting for members of