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The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13 12271 Hokkaido Utashinai City 100.00 12289 Hokkaido Fukagawa City 99.93 12297 Hokkaido Furano City 92.80 12301 Hokkaido Noboribetsu City 99.90 12319 Hokkaido Eniwa City 99.68 12335 Hokkaido Date City 96.24 12343 Hokkaido Kitahiroshima City 100.00 12351 Hokkaido Ishikari City 100.00 12360 Hokkaido Hokuto City 99.88 13030 Hokkaido Tobetsu Town 98.58 13048 Hokkaido Shinshinotsu Village 99.78 13315 Hokkaido Matsumae Town 85.15 13323 Hokkaido Fukushima Town 96.73 13331 Hokkaido Shiriuchi Town 100.00 13340 Hokkaido Kikonai Town 94.23 13374 Hokkaido Nanae Town 99.09 13439 Hokkaido Shikabe Town 100.00 13455 Hokkaido Mori Town 100.00 13463 Hokkaido Yakumo Town 96.55 13471 Hokkaido Oshamanbe Town 89.18 13617 Hokkaido Esashi Town 94.37 13625 Hokkaido Kaminokuni Town 100.00 13633 Hokkaido Assabu Town 100.00 13641 Hokkaido Otobe Town 90.32 13676 Hokkaido Okushiri Town 100.00 13706 Hokkaido Imakane Town 67.99 13714 Hokkaido Setana Town 100.00 13919 Hokkaido Shimamaki Village 100.00 13927 Hokkaido Suttsu Town 78.40 13935 Hokkaido Kuromatsunai Town 99.47 13943 Hokkaido Rankoshi Town 100.00 13951 Hokkaido Niseko Town 100.00 13960 Hokkaido Makkari Village 100.00 13978 Hokkaido Rusutsu Village 82.94 13986 Hokkaido Kimobetsu Town 100.00 13994 Hokkaido Kyogoku Town 100.00 14001 Hokkaido Kutchan Town 99.50 14010 Hokkaido Kyowa Town 100.00 14028 Hokkaido Iwanai Town 100.00 14036 Hokkaido Tomari Village 100.00 14044 Hokkaido Kamoenai Village 69.94 14052 Hokkaido Shakotan Town 100.00 14061 Hokkaido Furubira Town 98.78 14079 Hokkaido Niki Town 62.82 14087 Hokkaido Yoichi Town 99.36 14095 Hokkaido Akaigawa Village 90.79 14231 Hokkaido Nanporo Town 98.55 14249 Hokkaido Naie Town 95.78 14257 Hokkaido Kamisunagawa Town 100.00 14273 Hokkaido Yuni Town 83.12 14281 Hokkaido Naganuma Town 100.00 14290 Hokkaido Kuriyama Town 95.23 14303 Hokkaido Tsukigata Town 100.00 14311 Hokkaido Urausu Town 58.31 14320 Hokkaido Shintotsukawa Town 85.52 14338 Hokkaido Moseushi Town 93.05 14346 Hokkaido Chippubetsu Town 98.48 14362 Hokkaido Uryu Town 83.68 14371 Hokkaido Hokuryu Town 74.16 14389 Hokkaido Numata Town 100.00 14524 Hokkaido Takasu Town 80.52 14532 Hokkaido Higashikagura Town 97.71 14541 Hokkaido Toma Town 88.95 14559 Hokkaido Pippu Town 80.09 14567 Hokkaido Aibetsu Town 100.00 14575 Hokkaido Kamikawa Town 92.51 14583 Hokkaido Higashikawa Town 99.92 14591 Hokkaido Biei Town 99.66 14605 Hokkaido Kamifurano Town 93.06 14613 Hokkaido Nakafurano Town 99.86 14621 Hokkaido Minamifurano Town 100.00 14630 Hokkaido Shimukappu Village 100.00 14648 Hokkaido Wassamu Town 79.46 14656 Hokkaido Kenbuchi Town 67.60 14681 Hokkaido Shimokawa Town 100.00 14699 Hokkaido Bifuka Town 99.74 14702 Hokkaido Otoineppu Village 100.00 14711 Hokkaido Nakagawa Town 100.00 14729 Hokkaido Horokanai Town 100.00 14818 Hokkaido Mashike Town 98.19 14826 Hokkaido Obira Town 82.58 14834 Hokkaido Tomamae Town 81.18 14842 Hokkaido Haboro Town 97.28 14851 Hokkaido Shosanbetsu Village 81.95 14869 Hokkaido Enbetsu Town 100.00 14877 Hokkaido Teshio Town 87.98 15113 Hokkaido Sarufutsu Village 100.00 15121 Hokkaido Hamatonbetsu Town 88.15 15130 Hokkaido Nakatonbetsu Town 86.95 15148 Hokkaido Esashi Town 100.00 15164 Hokkaido Toyotomi Town 91.29 15172 Hokkaido Rebun Town 100.00 15181 Hokkaido Rishiri Town 100.00 15199 Hokkaido Rishirifuji Town 100.00 15202 Hokkaido Horonobe Town 100.00 15431 Hokkaido Bihoro Town 98.53 15440 Hokkaido Tsubetsu Town 100.00 15458 Hokkaido Shari Town 96.81 15466 Hokkaido Kiyosato Town 100.00 15474 Hokkaido Koshimizu Town 100.00 15491 Hokkaido Kunneppu Town 80.85 15504 Hokkaido Oketo Town 71.71 15521 Hokkaido Saroma Town 69.15 15555 Hokkaido Engaru Town 97.39 15598 Hokkaido Yubetsu Town 78.37 15601 Hokkaido Takinoue Town 99.79 15610 Hokkaido Okoppe Town 100.00 15628 Hokkaido Nishiokoppe Village 100.00 15636 Hokkaido Omu Town 100.00 15644 Hokkaido Ozora Town 81.50 15717 Hokkaido Toyoura Town 79.80 15750 Hokkaido Sobetsu Town 100.00 15784 Hokkaido Shiraoi Town 95.78 15814 Hokkaido Atsuma Town 66.50 15849 Hokkaido Toyako Town 99.74 15857 Hokkaido Abira Town 76.91 15865 Hokkaido Mukawa Town 99.98 16012 Hokkaido Hidaka Town 77.41 16021 Hokkaido Biratori Town 100.00 16047 Hokkaido Niikappu Town 59.79 16071 Hokkaido Urakawa Town 100.00 16080 Hokkaido Samani Town 94.36 16098 Hokkaido Erimo Town 71.76 16101 Hokkaido Shinhidaka Town 89.61 16314 Hokkaido Otofuke Town 94.81 16322 Hokkaido Shihoro Town 84.84 16331 Hokkaido Kamishihoro Town 84.94 16349 Hokkaido Shikaoi Town 79.05 16357 Hokkaido Shintoku Town 91.14 16365 Hokkaido Shimizu Town 87.98 16373 Hokkaido Memuro Town 88.99 16381 Hokkaido Nakasatsunai Village 87.80 16390 Hokkaido Sarabetsu Village 91.91 16411 Hokkaido Taiki Town 80.24 16420 Hokkaido Hiroo Town 83.31 16438 Hokkaido Makubetsu Town 93.59 16446 Hokkaido Ikeda Town 100.00 16454 Hokkaido Toyokoro Town 100.00 16462 Hokkaido Honbetsu Town 100.00 16471 Hokkaido Ashoro Town 80.20 16489 Hokkaido Rikubetsu Town 78.56 16497 Hokkaido Urahoro Town 99.04 16616 Hokkaido Kushiro Town 98.73 16624 Hokkaido Akkeshi Town 100.00 16632 Hokkaido Hamanaka Town 41.01 16641 Hokkaido Shibecha Town 72.04 16659 Hokkaido Teshikaga Town 99.97 16675 Hokkaido Tsurui Village 100.00 16683 Hokkaido Shiranuka Town 98.00 16918 Hokkaido Betsukai Town 74.56 16926 Hokkaido Nakashibetsu Town 92.57 16934 Hokkaido Shibetsu Town 70.22 16942 Hokkaido Rausu Town 84.26 22012 Aomori Aomori City 99.97 22021 Aomori Hirosaki City 99.83 22039 Aomori Hachinohe City 99.98 22047 Aomori Kuroishi City 99.63 22055 Aomori Goshogawara City 100.00 22063 Aomori Towada City 93.84 22071 Aomori Misawa City 99.99 22080 Aomori Mutsu City 99.99 22098 Aomori Tsugaru City 99.99 22101 Aomori Hirakawa City 99.99 23019 Aomori Hiranai Town 91.76 23035 Aomori Imabetsu Town 100.00 23043 Aomori Yomogita Village 100.00 23078 Aomori Sotogahama Town 99.93 23213 Aomori Ajigasawa Town 100.00 23230 Aomori Fukaura Town 100.00 23434 Aomori Nishimeya Village 100.00 23612 Aomori Fujisaki Town 100.00 23621 Aomori Owani Town 100.00 23671 Aomori Inakadate Village 100.00 23817 Aomori Itayanagi Town 100.00 23841 Aomori Tsuruta Town 100.00 23876 Aomori Nakadomari Town 99.96 24015 Aomori Noheji Town 97.77 24023 Aomori Shichinohe Town 97.75 24058 Aomori Rokunohe Town 98.40 24066 Aomori Yokohama Town 100.00 24082 Aomori Tohoku Town 99.82 24112 Aomori Rokkasho Village 100.00 24121 Aomori Oirase Town 100.00 24236 Aomori Oma Town 100.00 24244 Aomori Higashidori Village 100.00 24252 Aomori Kazamaura Village 100.00 24261 Aomori Sai Village 100.00 24414 Aomori Sannohe Town 99.98 24422 Aomori Gonohe Town 99.89 24431 Aomori Takko Town 99.95 24457 Aomori Nanbu Town 99.87 24465 Aomori Hashikami Town 99.93 24503 Aomori Shingo Village 100.00 32018 Iwate Morioka City 99.63 32026 Iwate Miyako City 99.97 32034 Iwate Ofunato City 99.56 32051 Iwate Hanamaki City 98.05 32069 Iwate Kitakami City 97.83 32077 Iwate Kuji City 99.97 32085 Iwate Tono City 66.01 32093 Iwate Ichinoseki City 89.35 32107 Iwate Rikuzentakata City 100.00 32115 Iwate Kamaishi City 100.00 32131 Iwate Ninohe City 91.93 32140 Iwate Hachimantai City 99.19 32158 Iwate Oshu City 99.48 32166 Iwate Takizawa City 100.00 33014 Iwate Shizukuishi Town 100.00 33022 Iwate Kuzumaki Town 100.00 33031 Iwate Iwate Town 84.89 33219 Iwate Shiwa Town 99.99 33227 Iwate Yahaba Town 100.00 33669 Iwate Nishiwaga Town 100.00 33812 Iwate Kanegasaki Town 96.35 34029 Iwate Hiraizumi Town 97.91 34410 Iwate Sumita Town 100.00 34614 Iwate Otsuchi Town 100.00 34827 Iwate Yamada Town 99.76 34835 Iwate Iwaizumi Town 99.80 34843 Iwate Tanohata Village 100.00 34851 Iwate Fudai Village 92.32 35017 Iwate Karumai Town 99.95 35033 Iwate Noda Village 100.00 35068 Iwate Kunohe Village 99.91 35076 Iwate Hirono Town 100.00 35246 Iwate Ichinohe Town 83.72 41017 Miyagi Aoba Ward, Sendai City 100.00 41025 Miyagi Miyagino Ward, Sendai City 100.00 41033 Miyagi Wakabayashi Ward, Sendai City 100.00 41041 Miyagi Taihaku Ward, Sendai City 100.00 41050 Miyagi Izumi Ward, Sendai City 100.00 42021 Miyagi Ishinomaki City 99.46 42030 Miyagi
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    Hokkaido Map Scenic Spots in the Kamikawa Area

    Cape Soya Wakkanai Rebun Island Wakkanai Airport Scenic spots in the Kafuka Oshidomari Kamikawa area Mt. Rishiri Hokkaido Map ▲ Rishiri Nakagawa/Aerial photo of Teshio River Saku Otoineppu/The place that Hokkaido was named Rishiri Island Toyotomi Onsen (Mizukiri Contest (Stone-skipping Contest)) in July Airport Toyotomi Nakagawa Otoineppu Etorofu Island 40 Bifuka/Farm inn tonttu Horokanai/Santozan Mountain Range Shibetsu/Suffolk Land Kenbuchi/Nano in July Wassamu/A street lined with white birch in winter Bifuka Yagishiri Chiebun Sunflower fields● ●Nayoro Onsen Teuri Okhotsk Island Island Haboro Nayoro Mombetsu Lake Shumarinai Shimokawa Monbetsu ●Icebreaker Airport "Garinko-go" ●Takinoue Park Shiretoko Peninsula Kamiyubetsu World Sheep Museum● Shibetsu Tulip Park ● Takinoue Lake Saroma Nayoro/Sunflower fields Shimokawa/Forest in winter Asahikawa/Kamuikotan Library of picture books● Mt. Rausu Kenbuchi ▲ Engaru Lake Notoro Wassamu Horokanai Mt. Teshio Abashiri Utoro Onsen Rausu ▲ Maruseppu Lake Abashiri Rumoi Takasu Pippu ●Maruseppu Abashiri-Kohan Onsen Kunashiri Island Onsen Shiretoko-Shari Mashike Aibetsu Memanbetsu ●Tohma Limestone cave Airport Kitami Snow Crystal Museum● Tohma Kamikawa ● Shikotan Island Asahiyama Zoo 39 ▲ Asahikawa Asahikawa Mt. Shari ▲ 237 Airport Sounkyo Onsen Mt. Shokanbetsu 39 Onneyu Onsen Higashikagura Kawayu Onsen ▲ Asahidake Onsen Lake Kussharo Higashikawa Mt. Asahidake Tenninkyo Onsen Habomai Islands Takikawa Ashibetsu Biei Takasu/Palette Hills in May Pippu/The top of Pippu Ski Area in Jan. Aibetsu/Kinokonosato park golf course in May Shirogane Onsen ▲ Lake Mashu Shintotsukawa Kamifurano Mt. Tomuraushi Lake Akan Mashu Nakashibetsu Airport 12 Akan Mashu Cape Shakotan Nakafurano ▲ Akanko Onsen Mt. Tokachi Nukabira Onsen ▲ Onsen Mt. Oakan Bibai Furano Nemuro Cape Kamui Nemuro Peninsula Ishikari Bay 44 Otaru Iwamizawa 38 Ashoro Minamifurano Yoichi Sapporo ▲ Hoshino Resorts Shiranuka Yubari Mt.
  • Recent Developments in Local Railways in Japan Kiyohito Utsunomiya

    Recent Developments in Local Railways in Japan Kiyohito Utsunomiya

    Special Feature Recent Developments in Local Railways in Japan Kiyohito Utsunomiya Introduction National Railways (JNR) and its successor group of railway operators (the so-called JRs) in the late 1980s often became Japan has well-developed inter-city railway transport, as quasi-public railways funded in part by local government, exemplified by the shinkansen, as well as many commuter and those railways also faced management issues. As a railways in major urban areas. For these reasons, the overall result, approximately 670 km of track was closed between number of railway passengers is large and many railway 2000 and 2013. companies are managed as private-sector businesses However, a change in this trend has occurred in recent integrated with infrastructure. However, it will be no easy task years. Many lines still face closure, but the number of cases for private-sector operators to continue to run local railways where public support has rejuvenated local railways is sustainably into the future. rising and the drop in local railway users too is coming to a Outside major urban areas, the number of railway halt (Fig. 1). users is steadily decreasing in Japan amidst structural The next part of this article explains the system and changes, such as accelerating private vehicle ownership recent policy changes in Japan’s local railways, while and accompanying suburbanization, declining population, the third part introduces specific railways where new and declining birth rate. Local lines spun off from Japanese developments are being seen; the fourth part is a summary. Figure 1 Change in Local Railway Passenger Volumes (Unit: 10 Million Passengers) 55 50 45 Number of Passengers 40 35 30 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year Note: 70 companies excluding operators starting after FY1988 Source: Annual Report of Railway Statistics and Investigation by Railway Bureau Japan Railway & Transport Review No.