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NOT 13 1 SENATE REGULAR SESSION OF 2019-2020 Recorded at the Presidency of the Senate November 19, 2019 INFORMATION REPORT MADE on behalf of the Committee on Economic Affairs (1) and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defense and Armed Forces (2) on the policy of the launch vehicles, By Sophie PRIMAS and Mr. Jean-Marie Bockel, senators (1) The commission is composed of: Sophie Primas President; Ms. Elizabeth Lamure MM. Daniel Gremillet, Alain Chatillon, Martial Bourquin, Franck Montaugé, Mrs Anne-Catherine Loisier, Noelle Rauscent, Alain Bertrand, Cécile Cukierman, Mr. Jean-Pierre Decool, Vice-Presidents; Messrs. François Calvet, Daniel Laurent, Mrs Catherine Procaccia Viviane Artigalas, Létard, secretaries; Serge Babary, Anne-Marie Bertrand, Mr. Bouloux Yves Bernard Buis Henry Cabanel, Mrs Anne-Larché Chain, Marie-Christine Chauvin Catherine Conconne Agnes Constant Messrs. Roland Courteau, Pierre Cuypers Marc Daunis, Daniel Dubois, Laurent DUPLOMB Alain Duran, Mrs Dominique Sassone, Françoise Férat, Fabien Gay, Annie Guillemot, MM. Iacovelli Xavier, Jean-Marie Janssens Joel Labbé, Marie-Noëlle Lienemann, Mr. Pierre Louault, Michel Magras, Jean-François Mayet, Franck Menonville, Jean-Pierre Moga, Mrs Patricia Morhet-Richaud, Sylviane Christmas, MM. Jackie Pierre, Michel Raison, Mrs Evelyne Renaud Garabedian, Denise St. Pé, Jean-Claude Tissot. (2) The commission is composed of: Mr. Christian Cambon, President ; Messrs. ALLIZARD Pascal, Bernard Cazeau, Robert del Picchia Ms. Sylvie Goy-Chavent MM. Jean-Noel Guerini, Joel Guerriau, Pierre Laurent, Cedric Perrin Gilbert Roger, Jean-Marc Todeschini, Vice-Presidents; Olivier Cigolotti, Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam, Philippe Paul, Marie-Françoise Perol-Dumont secretaries; Messrs. Jean-Marie Bockel, Gilbert Bouchet, Michel Boutant Olivier Cadic Alain Cazabonne Pierre Charon, Ms. Hélène Conway-Mouret, MM. Édouard Courtial René Danesi, Gilbert Luc Devinaz John Paul Émorine, Bernard Fournier, Jean-Pierre Grand, Claude Haut, Gisèle Jourda, MM. Jean-Louis Lagourgue, Robert Laufoaulu, Ronan Le Gleut, Jacques Le Nay, Rachel Mazuir, Francois Patriat, Gerard Poadja, Ladislas Poniatowski, Mrs Christine Prunaud Isabelle Raimond Pavero MM. Stephane Ravier, Hugues Saury, Bruno Sido, Rachid Temal, Raymond Vall, André Vallini, Yannick Vaugrenard, Jean-Pierre Vial, Richard Yung. - 3 - SOMMA IRE Pages BACKGROUND ................................................. .................................................. .......................... 5 Foreword ............................................... .................................................. ................. 7 I. Ariane 6 WILL NOT HAVE CONDITIONS FAVORABLE THAN KNOWN ARIANE 5 ................................. .................................................. ........ 9 A. WITH ARIANE, EUROPE HAS BEEN PIONEER ................................... COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION .................................................. ............................. 9 1. Ariane 5: technical and commercial success ........................................ ............................. 9 a) Ariane 5 has provided nearly half of the available commercial market for geostationary satellites over the last ten years .......................... ................. 9 b) With Soyuz and Vega, Arianespace is able to cover the entire spectrum of orbits ............................... .................................................. .................... 13 (1) The average launcher Soyuz .................................................. ................................................. 13 (2) The light launcher Vega .......................................... .................................................. ............. 14 c) This success is based on the Guiana Space Center ..................................... ....... 16 2. Ariane 6: A solution of continuity ......................................... ....................................... 16 B. BACKGROUND IS NOW MORE ADVERSE ....................................... ..21 1. Uncertain market require flexible solutions tailored to customer needs .... 21 2. competition exerting downward pressure on prices ... ............................... 24 a) The arrival of SpaceX, the first representative of the "New Space" has revolutionized the commercial market ............................. .................................................. ..................... 25 b) competition in the open global trading market expected to increase ................................... .................................................. .............................. 29 3. ... and enjoying public support ....................................... ........................... 33 4. An evolution based on breakthrough innovation to become the new technological standard: the reuse ............................. .............................................. 36 II. EFFORT MODERNIZATION VITAL TO KEEP OUR SELF ACCESS AREA .................................. ........................................ 40 A. A MINISTERIAL COUNCIL TO ENSURE OUR STRATEGIC AUTONOMY ACCESS TO SPACE ................................. ........................................... 40 1. Additional financing the stakes will be charge for the year .................... 40 2. To ensure the transition between the Ariane 5 and 6 deal with uncertain market prospects ...... 41 3. Build today on the reusable ........................................ ................................... 44 a) Europe is today launching into reusable .................................. 44 b) Prometheus and Themis: the first bricks of a future reusable launch ..... 48 (1) Prometheus: a potentially reusable liquid propulsion motor 48 ................... (2) Callisto and Themis: demonstrators first stage reusable ........................... 49 c) Continue to reduce costs ........................................... ................................. 50 (1) Icarus: a floor higher than the reduced constructive index .................................... ............... 50 (2) Reduce costs incrementally ......................................... .................................. 51 (3) To modernize the CSG ............................................ .................................................. ............... 51 4. Do not create competition within Europe ........................................ ......................... 52 a) Opposing a payload capacity increase project of Vega C ..................... 52 b) Completing the family of European launchers by solutions for small satellites? .................................................. .................................................. ..... 54 - 4 - B. THE NEED FOR REVISION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES ...................................... .................................................. ........... 57 1. For a European preference ............................................ ............................................ 57 a) Increase the potential volume of institutional demand by establishing a principle of European preference ................................. .................................... 58 b) Increase the actual volume of institutional demand .................................... 60 c) Replace support for exploitation by multi-year orders and aggregated at European level ................................ .................................................. ..61 2. Soften the principle of geographical return .......................................... .......................... 63 a) Apply the rule of geographic return of more flexible and incentive ..... 63 b) To reduce the dispersion of industrial production ......................................... ...... 66 C. RESTORE AMBITION EUROPEAN SPACE .......................................... ...... 68 1. The need for collective leadership pressed ambition ..................................... ..... 68 2. A necessary fiscal mobilization ............................................ ............................ 70 NOTES ................................................. .................................................. ........................... 75 I. INSTITUTIONS OF EUROPEAN SPACE ......................................... .................. 75 II. MARKET COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MARKET: A DISTINCTION FRAGILE ......................................... .................................................. .... 76 III. CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL SATELLITES ............................................. ....... 77 IV. BET AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION OFFER ..................................... .................................................. ....... 78 V. TERMS OF CALCULATING THE RULE OF GEOGRAPHICAL BACK: ITEM 4 OF ANNEX V OF THE CONVENTION, 1975 .......................... ........ 80 VI. NEW GOVERNANCE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEFINED OPERATING IN 2014 ..................................... ................................ 82 VII. THE ALLOCATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE GUIANA SPACE CENTER (CSG) ..................................... .................................................. ..83 WORK COMMISSION ............................................... ............................................ 85 • joint hearing of Messrs. André-Hubert Roussel, Executive Chairman of ArianeGroup, and Jean-Yves Le Gall, president of the National Center for Space Studies (Wednesday, May 22, 2019) .................................................. .................................................. .......