Essence of Shrimad Bhagavad Gita
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1 ESSENCE OF BHAGAVAD GITA Translated and interpreted byV.D.N.Rao, former General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, now at Chennai 1 2 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda- Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers -Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu - Dharma Bindu - Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana-Essence of Paraashara Smriti- Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda- Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‘Upanishad Saaraamsa’ -Essence of Maha Narayanopanishad; Essence of Maitri Upanishad Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata- Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Essence of Knowledge of Numbers for students Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika-Essence of Hindu Festivals and Austerities Essence of Manu Smriti- Quintessence of Manu Smriti- Essence of Paramartha Saara; Essence of Pratyaksha Bhaskra; Essence of Pratyaksha Chandra Essence of Vidya-Vigjnaana-Vaak Devi; Essence of Bhagya -Bhogya-Yogyata Lakshmi Essence of Soundarya Lahari- Essence of Popular Stotras- Essence of Pancha Maha Bhutas Essence of Taittireeya Aranyaka- Quintessence of Soundarya Lahari- Essence of Gayatri Essence of Ganesha Mahima - Essence of Shiva Raatri Mahima Essence of Chaturupanishads- Essence of Ashtaadasha Upanishads - Essence of Bhagavad Gita Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. Kamakoti. Org/news as also on Google by the respective references. 2 3 Preface Bhagavad Gita is the essence of „Tatva Jnaana‟ the Knowledge of Fundamental Principles of Life such as the three qualities of nature, the four objectives of life, the four „paashaas‟/ life bindings , the five elements, the six subjects of study, six virtues, the four levels of consciousness, the eight limbs of yoga, the nine steps of devotion and further more! Kaarya kaarana kartutve hetuh Prakritiruchyate, Purushassukha duhkhaanaam bhokritve heturuchyate/ The cause and effect of this inretaction leads Prakriti to the generation of the Trigunas. The Purusha and Prakriti together with the Trigunas continue the process of creation and into this body generated by Pancha Bhutas and Panchendriyas enters the Individual Self in the form of Consciousness. The Panchendriyas or the body adjuncts like five horses are attached to the charioteer called Mind to ensure that the vicious horses tend to carry away with wrong deeds. The Master of the Chariot is but a mute spectator while the charioteer with the bridle and the quality of the horses is the body leader. The „Land Lord‟ rents out the abode to the Human or any other Being in Srishti. This body is subject to vacating the premises and rents out another and yet other bodies again and again till such time that he finally owns the ownership of the original owner the Paramatma! This original ownership is almost impossible to reach and the renter keeps on reintering after retirement till re-entry. Only that person could be the owner as the the person with body concerned either as a He or She abandons the Prakriti Gunas or the Natural Instincts. Thus Bhagavad Gita is crafted as of Eighteen Chapters of Arjuna Vishaada, Sankhya, Karma, Jnana, Karma Sanyasa, Dhyana, Jnaana Vigjnaana, Akshara Parabrahma, Raaja Vidyaa Raaja Guhya, Vibhuti, Vishvarupa Sandarshana, Bhakti, Kshetra Kshetragjna Vibhaga, Guna Traya Vibhaaga, Purushottama Praapti, Daivaasura Sampad Vibhaga, Shraddhaatraya Vibgaga and Moksha Sanyaasa. The Varaha Purana Sampaadita Bhagavad Gita Mahatmya provides an insight on the Gita Pathana- Shravana- Nidhi Dhyaasa: Who ever of humanity could study and analyse with concentration and attention the entirety of Bhagavad Gita should be rewarded with Jnaana Siddhi and Parama Pada! If all the eighteen chapters could not be so studied, they could do so the three quarters viz. of Nine „Adhyaayas‟ would reap the fruit of Go-daana! A half of „Bhagavad Gita Paaraayana‟ of would authorise „Ganga Snaana Phala‟ and of a quarter of three chapters of „pathana‟qualifies for the resultant Soma Yaaga Phala. „Prati Dina Paarayana‟ of one each of Gitaadhyaayas would qualify Rudra Loka Prapti as one of the Pramatha Ganas for long and contented life. Such study of just a quarter of a chapter even would bless with „Manvaanta Manava Janma‟ or Respectable Human Life. Gita Pathana of ten stanzas, or seven, or five, four, three, two or at the least one shloka with digesting the meaning daily there of would yield in „Chandra Loka Nivaasa‟ for ten thousand years. Gitaapaathasamaa yukto mrito amaanushataamvrajet/ As a human being resorts to Gita Pathana on the death bed accomplishes „Devatva‟. Even after committing terrible and most inexcusable sins, the later study by way of under - standing and absorption of Bhagavad Gita would qualify for „Vaikuntha praapti‟. A person after satisfying the „nithya kamas‟as per the day regularly without fail and keeps in mind the thought of the essence of Bhagavad Gita chapterwise, that blessed Human is as good as a „jeevan mukta‟! With prostrations to HH Vijayendra Saraswati of Kanchi Mutt, may I dedicate this Essence of Bhagavad Gita to my Parents and Parents -In- Law who blessed me and all of my family members with toning up our training- teachings- tolerance -trust worthiness and truthfulness! VDN Rao and family 3 4 Contents Preface 3 Introduction 5 Summary of Bhagavad Gita 7 Bhagavad Gita Paaraayana Vidhi 15 ADHYAAYA ONE: ARJUNA VISHAADA YOGA: 16 ADHYAAYA TWO- SAANKHYA YOGA 19 ADHYAAYA THREE- KARMA YOGA 30 ADHYAAYA FOUR- JNAANA YOGA 35 ADHYAAYA FIVE- KARMA SANYAASA YOGA 42 ADHYAAYA SIX- DHYAANA YOGA 46 ADHYAAYA SEVEN- JNAANA VIGJNAANA YOGA 51 ADHYAAYA EIGHT- AKSHARA BRAHMA YOGA 56 ADHYAAYA NINE- RAJAVIDYAA RAJA YOGA 62 ADHYAAYA TEN- VIBHUTI YOGA 67 ADHYAAYA ELEVEN- VISHVARUPA SANDARSHANA YOGA 86 ADHYAAYA TWELVE-BHAKTI YOGA 90 ADHYAAYA THIRTEEN - KSHETRA KSHETRAGJNA VIBHAAGA YOGA 91 ADHYAAYA FOURTEEN- GUNATRAYA VIBHAAGA YOGA 97 ADHYAAYA FIFTEEN- PURUSHOTTAMA PRAAPTI YOGA 99 ADHYAAYA SIXTEEN- DAIVAASURA SAMPADVIBHAAJA YOGA 102 ADHYAAYA SEVENTEEN- SHRADDHAA TRAYA YOGA 104 ADHYAAYA EIGHTEEN- MOKSHA SANYAASA YOGA 105 SHRI BHAGAVAD GITAA MAHATMYA 113 TEXT OF SHRI BHAGAVAD GITA IN SANSKRIT 115 4 5 ESSENCE OF SHRIMAD BHAGAVAD GITA Jaatasya hi dhruvo mrityuh dhruvam janmamritasyacha, tasmaadaparihaaryeedhe na twmam shochitu marhasi/ - - - Karmanyedhikaaraste maa phaleshu kadaachana, maa karma phala hetur bhuuh maa te sangostva karmani/ Chapters II Stanzas 27 and 47 of Bhagavad Gita/ Every Being as born is destined to die; and the dead Being is destined to be reborn again and again. This is the „Prakriti Dharma‟ or the Law of Nature. As none ever could reverse this, then why ought any one to regret it at all! Emphasising this Truism, Lord Krishna enlightens Arjuna - as being the Narayana and Nara as Vishnu and Superior Human Being- to concentrate on „Sat Karma‟ or Deed of Virtue without asking for- let alone expecting or demanding the resultant fruits which are assessed and reaped as per Natural Justice. Introduction In the process of Universal Creation on Earth, Human Beings enjoy a special and enviable status, being superior to animals, birds, water creatures and others. This is essentially owing to the mind and conscious - ness. The mind and its ancillaries are essentially three folded viz.with awareness of the surroundings and happenings around - the experience of childhood, youth, married life, aging process, and the concern of death besides of aftermath- and finally about the access of knowledge by the self- experience, by parents, by self studies of learning, objective experiences and by guides. This was how Lord Shri Rama the epic hero learnt, and so did Gautama Buddha on looking at the miseries all around notwithstanding the fleeting images of the so called bouts of self dececeptive pleasures and ephemeral happiness. A human being is stated as a machine which a „ jada padaartha‟ or insentient and insensible being gets driven by mind, its thinking capacity. This motivation is lent by the self consciousness and its innumerable corollaries. Such awareness is a direct fall out of „ Jeevatma‟ or the direct reflection of the Supreme Consciousness aptly called Paramatma! Thus the human body, or for that matter of any Being of „Charaachara Jagat‟ or the whole lot of moveable or immobile „praanis‟, is activised by that Unknown- Unseen- yet ever Alive-Ever Lasting- Ever Knowing and ever Controlling Power. Thus no person or thing with a body and sense with life is denied of the ability to act- react- or inact.Thus the Jeevatma is ever present as a mute spectator of the living body inside the chariot which is driven by the mind as the charioteer with panchendiyas of five each of jnaanendriyas cum karmendriyas