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LMS-POLITICAL SCIENCE TOPIC-ANCIENT INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT III.B.A,PAPER-V-MANUSMRITHI )

Smt.M.C.SAHITYA Lecturer in Political Science GOVT.COLLEGE FOR MEN, KURNOOL(A.P) Manusmriti/ManuDharmasa stra MANU SASTRA

Introduction-

nd nd ❖ 2 century B.C-2 century A.D Manu Dharma samhitha- 12 chapters, 2685 slokas-

❖ George Buhler- translate text in English ‘sacred Books of the East” in 1886 Described Manu as ‘‘ the Legendary first man” ‘Adam of the Hindhus’

Goshal- ‘Abudance of details on ancient Indian thought’.

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

To teach on the basic text written by Manu, on Ancient Indian political thought. To educate the students on the various concepts introduced by Manu on caste system. To Analyze the working of the social and political changes brought by teachings in Manusmrithi. Previous knowledge on theTopic

To study the various ancient texts like the and for the better understanding on the ancient Indian political thought.

To know the historical background of various socio-political and cultural periods prevalent during that times. Divine origin theory

State of Nature –Might is Right-Jungle law Saptanga theory –organs of the state 1. King 2. Ministers 3. Capital 4. Population 5. Treasury 6. Army 7. friend No.of No. of Content Chapters Versus 1 119 Origin of the Universe, Sources of Law.

2 249 The first stage of ’s life, the studentship 3 286 The second stage of life, the Householder and his religious studies 4 260 Subsistence and private morals of the brahman householder

5 169 Food-ceremonial purification, Duties of woman 6 97 The third and fourth stages of life 7 226 The king’s duties, the second caste, etc; 8 420 Civil and criminal laws

9 336 Civil and criminal laws

10 131 The mixed caste and classes, procedure in times of need 11 266 Penance, expiation etc;

12 126 Exposition of philosophical principles, acquisition of final happiness Total 2685 MANUDHARAMA SASTRA

1. Origin of the state-eternal particle s of Ashtadikpalas-, ,Yama,Surya,, , Chandra and Kubera Saptangatheory-7 organs of the state 1.The King/Raja 2.The Ministers/Amatya 3.The Fort/ 4.The territory/Janapada 5.The army/Sainya 6.The ally/mitra 7.treasury/ 1.Origin of the state 2. system 3.Monarch/Kinship 4.Vices of the King 5.Council of Ministers 6.Danda neeti 7.Taxation policy 8.Administration of Justice 9.Inter-State relations 10.An Estimate-conclusion 2.Varna System

The -mouth of The -arms of Brahma The Vaisyas-thighs of Brahma The Sudras-legs of Brahma 3.Monarchy or Kinship

3.Monarchy or Kinship- king is incarnation of god on earth ❖ To establish Dharma/ protect society/ safeguard Varanasrama dharma ❖ Characters of king, Respect to the old,brahmins ❖ perservarence /maintain restrain ❖ render knowledge from veda pandits ❖ Astadikpalas. 4.Characters of the King

Arishadvargas/ Shadripu 1. 2.Krodha 3.Lobha 4.Moha 5. 6.Matsarya 5.Council of ministers and other officials-7/8 Well versed in sastras, weaponry 6.Danda neethi Danda created by Parameshwara- “When all are sleeping Danda keeps awake Law is nothing but Danda itself”. 7.Taxation policy-Ganika-Accountant To maintain army -1/6-1/8 in form of produce “Baali”. 8.Administration of Justice- Severe punishment, killing of brahmins, woman, and children be hanged.

9.Inter-State Relations 4 traditional methods- 1. conciliation 2. Dissension 3. Bribery 4. Force CONCLUSION

10.An Estimate- “Manu is regarded as the father of Indian Polity”. “First Law giver to the Indian Jurisprudence”. Outcome’s of the Topic

1. To acquire Knowledge on the Manusmrithi i.e; the first Indian code on Jurisprudence 2. To get an idea on the 12 chapters of Manu Dharma sastra. 3. To get an indepth analysis on the ancient Indain Political thought.