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Development and Qualification of an FPGA-Based Multi-Processor System-On-Chip On-Board Computer for LEO Satellites

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Development and Qualification of an FPGA-Based Multi-Processor System-On-Chip On-Board Computer for LEO Satellites Development and Qualification of an FPGA-Based Multi-Processor System-on-Chip On-Board Computer for LEO Satellites 著者 Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Ibrahim year 2014 学位授与年度 平成26年度 学位授与番号 17104甲工第374号 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10228/5315 Kyushu Institute of Technology Dept. of Applied Science for Integrated System Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Development and Qualification of an FPGA-Based Multi-Processor System-on-Chip On-Board Computer for LEO Satellites By Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Ibrahim A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AT KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ENGINEERING IN APPLIED SCIENCE FOR INTEGRATED SYSTEM ENGINEERRING Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu, Japan 2014 Kyushu Institute of Technology Dept. of Applied Science for Integrated System Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Development and Qualification of an FPGA-Based Multi-Processor System-on-Chip On-Board Computer for LEO Satellites By Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Ibrahim A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AT KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ENGINEERING IN APPLIED SCIENCE FOR INTEGRATED SYSTEM ENGINEERRING Thesis Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Kenichi Asami Dept. of Integrated Systems Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Acknowledgment All of the thanks go to the almighty ALLAH for giving me the strength and ability to finish this work. It is all out of his willingness and endowments upon us. May Allah reward us for the time and effort spent in producing this work. I ask for forgiveness in case you find any pitfalls in it and for prayer in case you find it beneficial. When I joined the Egyptian Space Program (ESP), more than 10 years ago, I was deeply interested in learning more about this field of high fidelity and ultimately critical engineering, namely space engineering. I tried to do all what I could in order to learn and become a real expert in that field. During my struggle to learn, I travelled to many places, knew a lot of things and dealt with many nationalities from the west to the east of this planet. In that pervasive period of intensive education and exposure to different cultures, I learnt that all of us are alike even though cultural differences do exist among us. We are alike in our feelings, in our willingness, in our ambitions, and in our love for peace and justice. In that journey of education, I did learn the true meaning of working for the sake of the bigger image instead of the narrow field of interests. Work for humanity, in general and without discrimination, to make the life of people better, more affordable and happier. I truly knew the value and meaning of the statement “science has no borders”. It is true because science is the resemblance of justice, truth, and equity and those meanings has no borders to cross, they are just intrinsic in good spirits and souls. The work in this thesis would not have been possible without the support of many staff, organizations and individuals. My words are not sufficiently eloquent to express my gratitude feelings towards them. First, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the ESP and the National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS) at Egypt for giving me the chance to work in the field of space engineering. Special thanks to Prof. Ayman El Dessouki, former chairman of NARSS, for approving and recommending my application to this fellowship through which I was granted my doctoral degree. I do appreciate the efforts and work of all of I the employees at ESP and NARSS and wish them a brilliant future. Thanks to my master degree supervisor, the late Prof. Yousri El Nahas, and to the late Prof. Matar Ali Matar, may their souls rest in peace. I would like to thank my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Kenichi Asami, for supervising me during my study at Kyuhsu Institute of Technology (KIT). Words cannot express my gratitude for his kindness, understanding, support and deep guidance. My appreciation and thanks to Prof. Mengu Cho, the scientist, the innovator, the teacher, the motivator and above all the mentor of our success. Deep appreciation for Dr. Werner Balogh at the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and all the staff there for the extraordinary efforts in inaugurating the Doctorate in Nano- Satellite Technology (DNST) program in collaboration with KIT. My appreciation and thanks to the professors at KIT for teaching us and giving us from their effort and time. Thanks to Prof. Keiichi Okuyama, Assoc. Prof. Kazuhiro Toyoda, Assoc. Prof. Motoki Miura and Assoc. Prof. Sozo Inoue. I do appreciate the efforts of the administrative staff at KIT for providing support and help during our study. I would like to thank Kanae Iyama, Kumiko Shirakawa, Michiko Kubota and Seiji Kawano. Special thanks to my brothers and colleagues at KIT for making my stay in Japan more knowledgeable and much friendly. Thanks to Dr. Yasser Qudaih for all the help and support he gave to me. My great appreciation to the DNST, PNST and SEIC fellows, Amgalanbat Batsuren, Ammarin Pimnoo, Bianca Szasz, Bui Nam Duong, Chen Shiyi Danny, Hala Almubarak, Kateryna Aheieva, Mohamed Alakli, Mohamed Nori Ait, Mohamed Yehia Edris, Pauline Faure, Tejumola Taiwo and Trinh Thang Long. Thanks to my Japanese colleagues for their fruitful cooperation during my study. My thanks to Shinya Kuramoto at NEC, Yuki Seri at Hitachi for building the geometric thermal model, Yuta Okumura at Hitachi for helping with the setup of radiation testing, and Dr. Masui Hirokazu for his guidance in the thermal vacuum and radiation tests. My mother and father supported me with every possible way. They gave me more than I deserve, all over my life. I respect them, love them, and owe them my success and all what I achieve in my life. My lord, bestow on them your mercy as they did II bring me up when I was young. Thanks to my brother and sisters for supporting me and praying for me to finish this work. My deep thanks, appreciation, love and respect for my wife. She did a lot to support me to finish this work. She struggled as much as I did during my study. Sometimes we had difficult times as much stress was over there in my experiments and tests, but she was extremely smart to help us pass all of that smoothly and peacefully. Taking care of three children while I am spending sleepless nights in the lab was a real challenging task. Thank you very much. I dedicate this work to my children Yousof, Jody and Mahmoud, my nephew Yassin and nieces Basmalla and Iten. I wish when they grow up that they would follow the way of science and engineering, May ALLAH bless them all and grant them happiness, success and health. Thanks to Japan and to Japanese people for the generosity to give me the chance to study here. I do respect and love Japan and Japanese people so much. I wish I can help my country to reach the same level of perfection. III Abstract Developing small satellites for scientific and commercial purposes is emerging rapidly in the last decade. The future is still expected to carry more challenging services and designs to fulfill the growing needs for space based services. Nevertheless, there exists a big challenge in developing cost effective and highly efficient small satellites yet with accepted reliability and power consumption that is adequate to the mission capabilities. This challenge mandates the use of the recent developments in digital design techniques and technologies to strike the required balance between the four basic parameters: 1) Cost, 2) Performance, 3) Reliability and 4) Power consumption. This balance becomes even more stringent and harder to reach when the satellite mass reduces significantly. Mass reduction puts strict constraints on the power system in terms of the solar panels and the batteries. That fact creates the need to miniaturize the design of the subsystems as much as possible which can be viewed as the fifth parameter in the design balance dilemma. At Kyuhsu Institute of Technology-Japan we are investigating the use of SRAM- based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in building: 1) High performance, 2) Low cost, 3) Moderate power consumption and 4) Highly reliable Muti-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) On-Board Computers (OBC) for future space missions and applications. This research tries to investigate how commercial grade SRAM- based FPGAs would perform in space and how to mitigate them against the space environment. Our methodology to answer that question depended on following formal design procedure for the OBC according to the space environment requirements then qualifying the design through extensive testing. We developed the MPSoC OBC with 4 complete embedded processor systems. The Inter Processor Communication (IPC) takes place through hardware First-In-First-Out (FIFO) mailboxes. One processor acts as the system master controller which monitors the operation and controls the reset and restore of the system in case of faults and the other three processors form Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) fault tolerance architecture with each other. We used Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) in scrubbing the configuration memory frames and correcting the faults that might exist. The system is implemented using a Virtex-5 LX50 commercial grade FPGA from Xilinx. The research also qualifies the design in the ground-simulated space IV environment conditions. We tested the implemented MPSoC OBC in Thermal Vacuum Chambers (TVC) at the Center of Nano-Satellite Testing (CeNT) at Kyushu Institute of Technology. Also we irradiated the design with proton accelerated beam at 65 MeV with fluxes of 10e06 and 3e06 particle/cm2/sec at the Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute (TARRI).
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