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RO00695 Ad Unicum I-2
87 88 5 Mystické zasnoubení sv. Kateřiny Alexandrijské Anonym – Italský mistr (?) / Dalmácie nebo Itálie (Benátsko, Marka, Umbrie [?]) / druhá čtvrtina 15. století Temperová malba s olejovými lazurami na dřevěné desce (topol), rozměry 49 × 39 cm, tloušťka 1,7–2 cm, jednostranně výtvarně pojednaná, reversní stra- na s fragmentárním hnědým monochromním (konzervačním?) nátěrem. Deska druhotně seříznuta z původního trojúhelníkového vrchního zakončení pro vsazení do obdélného rámu. Malba na sádrovém podkladu s příměsí křídy, zlacení na červeném polimentu. Pod malbou znatelná rytá kresba obrysů postav a černá štětcová podkresba. Ryté svatozáře bez punců. V minulosti patrně nevhodně restaurováno (plošné zeslabení lazur a snad též některé razantnější re- tuše – zvl. patrné ve tvářích andělů). Deska konvexně prohnutá, konzervovaná, patrné pasivované stopy po dřevokazném hmyzu. Na reversu desky dva štítky – první s razítky šumavského hraničního přechodu „Celní úřad Neu-Nagelberg“ a „Strassenzollamt Neu-Nagelberg“, druhý s razítkem „Rožmberk inv. č. 1181“. Na reversu druhotného (barokního [?]) zlaceného rámu dva historické štítky, první s číslem „11.“, druhý s číslem „01687“, a černý nápis s inv. číslem MF „1181“. Restaurování: 1984 Mojmír Hamsík (technologicko-restaurátorský průzkum v NG v Praze) SH Rožmberk, inv. č. RO00695 (dříve RO01181), rejstř. č. MF 51799/33–3942 Provenience: původní provenience neznámá, historická součást vybavení hradu Rožmberk PujMANOVÁ 1986, 63–64, kat. č. 19; DE MARCHI 1986, 75–76; PRIJATELJ 1991,101; PujMANOVÁ/PřIBYL 2008, 297, kat. č. 194 Rožmberská desková malba, je patrně dalším dokladem bo- – uctívaného obrazu, který vznikl v Marce (Regione Marche) haté akviziční činnosti Buquoyů v 19. století.1 Deskový obraz a jehož malíř navazoval na dílo Gentileho da Fabriano. -
Die Anfänge Der Ungarischen Geschichte
Die Anfänge der ungarischen Geschichte Einführung Die Anfänge der ungarischen Geschichte – und allgemein „die Anfänge“ der Geschichte – sind schwierig zu bestimmen, weil es keinen Anfangspunkt, sondern ein allmähliches Auftauchen aus dem Unbekannten ist, und „die Anfänge“ hauptsächlich durch Rückfolgerungen der Wissenschaftler konstruiert sind. Hier kann natürlich auch nur oberflächlich darüber gesprochen werden, ab wann über die Vorfahren der Ungarn gesprochen werden kann. Wir werden das tun aufgrund des ungarischen Wortschatzes, aufgrund von archäologischen Funden sowie aufgrund von frühen Geschichtstexten, in denen das Thema thematisiert wurde. Laut Sprachwissenschaften kann den Ungarn eindeutig ein Ursprungsort zugewiesen werden, nämlich die Gegend des Ural, im heutigen Russland. Aufgrund der Sprache werden die Ungarn als ein finno-ugrisches Volk bezeichnet. Auf der Stammtafel der uralischen Sprachen, wo das heutige Ungarisch als eines der Ergebnisse einer Sprachentwicklung platziert wird und wo die andere große Sprache das Finnische ist, finden wir auch eine ganze Reihe kleinerer Sprachen. Die Geschichte dieser Sprachen geht zurück ins 4. Jahrtausend v. u. Z., also 6.000 Jahre vor unserer Gegenwart. Da gab es eine sogenannte uralische Sprache. Auch in der ungarischen Sprache wurden Wörter identifiziert, die damals in den Wortschatz aufgenommen wurden. Die Wanderung der Ungarn Die erste Abzweigung fand 4.000 v. u. Z. statt. Zu dieser Zeit haben sich die samojedischen und die finno-ugrischen Zweige getrennt. Das wird so interpretiert, dass diese Völker von einem gemeinsam bewohnten Gebiet abgewandert seien. Bis ca. 2.000 v. u. Z. wird von den finno-ugrischen Sprachen gesprochen, als die Finnen, Ungarn etc. zusammengelebt haben. Zum Wortschatz der finno-ugrischen Völker gehören auch Wörter, die Hinweise darauf geben, in welchem Gebiet sie gelebt und was sie gemacht haben, d.h. -
Mozaicul Voivodinean – Fragmente Din Cultura Comunităților Naționale Din Voivodina – Ediția Întâi © Autori: Aleksandr
Mozaicul voivodinean – fragmente din cultura comunităților naționale din Voivodina – Ediția întâi © Autori: Aleksandra Popović Zoltan Arđelan © Editor: Secretariatul Provincial pentru Educație, Reglementări, Adminstrație și Minorități Naționale -Comunități Naționale © Сoeditor: Institutul de Editură „Forum”, Novi Sad Referent: prof. univ. dr. Žolt Lazar Redactorul ediției: Bojan Gregurić Redactarea grafică și pregătirea pentru tipar: Administrația pentru Afaceri Comune a Organelor Provinciale Coperta și designul: Administrația pentru Afaceri Comune a Organelor Provinciale Traducere în limba română: Mircea Măran Lectorul ediției în limba română: Florina Vinca Ilustrații: Pal Lephaft Fotografiile au fost oferite de arhivele: - Institutului Provincial pentru Protejarea Monumentelor Culturale - Muzeului Voivodinei - Muzeului Municipiului Novi Sad - Muzeului municipiului Subotica - Ivan Kukutov - Nedeljko Marković REPUBLICA SERBIA – PROVINCIA AUTONOMĂ VOIVODINA Secretariatul Provincial pentru Educație, Reglementări, Adminstrație și Minorități Naționale -Comunități Naționale Proiectul AFIRMAREA MULTICULTURALISMULUI ȘI A TOLERANȚEI ÎN VOIVODINA SUBPROIECT „CÂT DE BINE NE CUNOAŞTEM” Tiraj: 150 exemplare Novi Sad 2019 1 PREFAȚĂ AUTORILOR A povesti povestea despre Voivodina nu este ușor. A menționa și a cuprinde tot ceea ce face ca acest spațiu să fie unic, recognoscibil și specific, aproape că este imposibil. În timp ce faceți cunoștință cu specificurile acesteia care i-au inspirat secole în șir pe locuitorii ei și cu operele oamenilor de seamă care provin de aci, vi se deschid și ramifică noi drumuri de investigație, gândire și înțelegere a câmpiei voivodinene. Tocmai din această cauză, nici autorii prezentei cărți n-au fost pretențioși în intenția de a prezenta tot ceea ce Voivodina a fost și este. Mai întâi, aceasta nu este o carte despre istoria Voivodinei, și deci, nu oferă o prezentare detaliată a istoriei furtunoase a acestei părți a Câmpiei Panonice. -
An 11Th Century Philosophical Treatise Written in Banat and Its Surprising Revelations About the Local History
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 71 ( 2013 ) 196 – 205 International Workshop on the Historiography of Philosophy: Representations and Cultural Constructions 2012 An 11th century philosophical treatise written in Banat and its surprising revelations about the local history Constantin D. Rupa West University of Timisoara, Blv. V. Pârvan 4 Abstract Personality admired by Trithemius [1]1 and Pelbartus of Themesvár [2], eulogized by Pierre Nadal [3] and Nicolaus Olahus [4], St. Gerard of Csanád remains beyond the character of his legend an author wrapped in mystery and uncertainty, with a biography closer to miracle than historical argument. Despite this vita fabulosa transmitted by Acta sanctorum [5], the author of Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum (1044) has to tell us some interesting and valuable information about his contemporaneity. This essay tries to contextualise such autobiographical details in the medieval history of Banat, the region between the Mures, Tisza and the Danube River. © 2013 ThePublished Authors. by PublishedElsevier Ltd. by ElsevierSelection Ltd. and/orOpen peer-review access under under CC BY responsibility-NC-ND license. of Claudiu Mesaros (West University of SelectionTimisoara, and Romania) peer-review under responsibility of Claudiu Mesaros (West University of Timisoara, Romania). Keywords: St. Gerard; medieval philosophy; Khazar eresy; Scythian rites; Romanian legends about Jews. 1. St. Gerard between Plato and Scripture Ignác Batthyány, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Transylvania whose monographic treatise printed at Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) in 1790 remains until today the most exhaustive exegesis on St. -
The Romance Population in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
ANALELE BANATULUI, S.N., ARHEOLOGIE ISTORIE, XXII, 2014 http://muzeulbanatului.ro/mbt/istorie/publicatii/ab.htm THE ROMANCE POPULATION IN THE MEDIEVAL KINGDOM OF HUNGARY Peter Bučko* Keywords: Romance population; medieval Hungary; Srem; Spiš; Transylvania, Tokaj; pilgrims; Hospitallers; Templars Cuvinte cheie: populaţie romanică; Ungaria medievală; Srem; Spiš; Transilvania; Tokaj; pelerini; Ospitalieri; Templieri (Abstract) Medieval kingdom of Hungary was since its very begining founded on the basis of multiethnicity and openness to foreigners. Foreigners in Hungary, especially in the 11th and 12th century came from Western Europe. Great immigration waves of the romance population are documented mostly during the reign of king Géza II (1141 – 1162), when they managed to settle in peripheral regions of the country and increase the population and signicance of weakly populated regions. Foreigners in the 12th recieved privileged status as the „guests“. In the 11th and 12th century these guests have settled in Srem, Spiš, Transylvania and Tokaj. Some information about Srem region are provided by crusades chronicles. In Srem there was a village called Francavilla, which belonged to the oldest and most important romanesque settlement in Hungary. e Guests in Transylvania had their own church organization and there were several bishops of Transylvania and Bihar/Oradea of western european origin. Other regions with Romanesque population – Spiš and Tokaj laid on international routes. e collegiate chapter of Spiš even owned vineyards in Tokaj – in Sárospátak, one of the oldest Hungarian cities with privileges. A large number of documented pilgrimage passing through Hungary could also stand behind the increase of new romance population in the country. Additional aspect of the Crusades was the creation of religious orders, the Knights Templar and the Hospitallers, who just few decades after their formation appeared in Hungary and were engaged in the life of Hungarian kingdom. -
Chronic Myopia: Foundations of Contemporary
CHRONIC MYOPIA: FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY WESTERN PERSPECTIVES ON THE BALKANS Brittany Kelley, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2012 APPROVED: Nancy Stockdale, Major Professor Christopher Fuhrmann, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Kelley, Brittany, Chronic Myopia: Foundations of Contemporary Western Perspectives on the Balkans. Master of Arts (History), August 2012, 79 pp., 5 illustrations, bibliography, 44 titles. The construction of Southeastern Europe in Western imagination is the result of assertions of imperial power from some of the first recorded histories onward to modern time. Instead of providing alternative narratives gaping differences in time period, literary genres and geographical origins ballast stereotypical racist tropes and derogatory images of the countries of Southeastern Europe. For example, Roman histories, secondary historical works, twentieth century travel literature, and Central Intelligence Agency estimates all exhibit the same perception. The narrative created by these accounts is limited, remarkably racist and counterfactual. While there has been an abundance of new scholarship aimed at debunking the myths surrounding the area, much of the revisionist histories focus on placing blame, proving ethnogenesis, and serving political purposes. Understanding how the sources continue to influence perception is a pivotal step to understanding Southeastern -
Medievalista, 30 | 2021 National Rivalry Among Hospitallers? 2
Medievalista Online 30 | 2021 Número 30 The Case of Bohemia and Austria, 1392-1555 National Rivalry among Hospitallers? The Case of Bohemia and Austria, 1392-1555 Rivalidades nacionais entre Hospitalários? O Caso da Áustria e da Boémia, 1392-1555 Karl Borchardt Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/medievalista/4535 DOI: 10.4000/medievalista.4535 ISSN: 1646-740X Publisher Instituto de Estudos Medievais - FCSH-UNL Electronic reference Karl Borchardt, “National Rivalry among Hospitallers?”, Medievalista [Online], 30 | 2021, Online since 01 July 2021, connection on 24 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/medievalista/4535 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/medievalista.4535 This text was automatically generated on 24 July 2021. Mediavalista está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional. National Rivalry among Hospitallers? 1 The Case of Bohemia and Austria, 1392-1555 National Rivalry among Hospitallers? The Case of Bohemia and Austria, 1392-1555 Rivalidades nacionais entre Hospitalários? O Caso da Áustria e da Boémia, 1392-1555 Karl Borchardt EDITOR'S NOTE Data recepção do artigo / Received for publication: 1 de Dezembro de 2020 Data aceitação do artigo / Accepted in revised form: 18 de Março de 2021 1 Introduction 2 Quarrels and tensions among members of “international” military-religious orders during the Middle Ages have often been understood and explained by modern historians as “national” or “proto-national” rivalries. But methodologically two reservations should be made. Firstly, not many documents expressly mention ethnic or linguistic problems. And secondly, nations were not a dominant concept in medieval politics1. In the later Middle Ages, nations existed primarily “abroad”, among merchants and craftsmen from distant regions2 and among students at universities far away from their homes3. -
Sirmium in Justinian I's Politics
Piotrków Historical Annales, 2020, Special Issue, pp. 29-49 www.ihpt.pl/pzh DOI: 10.25951/4216 Stanisław Turlej https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-9139 Jagiellonian University e-mail: [email protected] Sirmium in Justinian I’s Politics Sirmium w polityce Justyniana I Abstract In Late Antiquity, Sirmium on the Sava River in Pannonia was undoubt- edly the most important and famous city of the Roman Empire in the Danubi- an territories. An analysis of the Emperor’s novels devoted to Justiniana Prima (XI and CXXXI, 3), the works of Procopius of Caesarea, Cassiodorus and Hi- erocles’ geographical work provides a lot of important information about the functioning of this centre and the situation in the Danubian region, but not about Sirmium’s great significance to Justinian. There is no basis in the sources for crediting the Emperor with plans or actual political and military actions dictated solely by the desire to capture this city. Abstrakt W późnym antyku Sirmium nad Sawą w Panonii było niewątpliwie najważniejszym i najsłynniejszym miastem cesarstwa rzymskiego na obszarach naddunajskich. Analiza nowel cesarza Justyniana poświęconych Justynianie Primie (XI i CXXXI, 3), twórczości Prokopiusza z Cezarei, Kasjodora oraz dzieła geograficznego Hieroklesa dostarcza wielu ważnych informacji o funk- cjonowaniu tego ośrodka i sytuacji w regionie naddunajskim, lecz nie o wielkim 30 Stanisław Turlej znaczeniu Sirmium dla Justyniana. Nie ma podstaw źródłowych, by przypisywać cesarzowi plany bądź realne działania polityczne i militarne podyktowane wyłącznie chęcią zajęcia tego miasta. Keywords: Sirmium, Pannonia, Justiniana Prima, Justinian I, Procopius of Caesarea, Cassiodor, Hierocles Słowa kluczowe: Sirmium, Panonia, Justynian I, Justyniana Prima, Prokopiusz z Cezarei, Kasjodor, Hierokles n the 6th century there were many military conflicts related to a city which Iwas important in late antiquity – Sirmium on the Sava River in Pannonia1. -
Marble Sculptures from the Imperial Palace in Sirmium
UDC 904:73"652"(497.113) DOI: 10.2298/STA0656153P 153 IVANA POPOVI] Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade MARBLE SCULPTURES FROM THE IMPERIAL PALACE IN SIRMIUM Abstract. – Few fragments of marble sculpture have been found in the course of the archaeological excavations conducted in Sirmium between 2003 and 2005 at site 85 which is believed to be part of the imperial palace complex. The most important are two almost completely preserved heads of deities. The head of a young person made of milky white, fine-grained marble of exceptionally fine texture from Pentelicon was found under the Late Roman floor in room 7 of the residential structure. The sculpture, of exceptional quality, is from the second half of the 1st century and represents a deity, most probably Venus or Apollo. Another head made of Carrara marble, from the 4th century, was found in a secondary position and on the basis of its mural crown is identified as the Tyche of Sirmium. Key words. – Roman sculpture, marble, Sirmium, deities, personifications. ew fragments of marble sculptures have been smooth surface of the face. It is parted in the middle, discovered in the course of systematic archae- framing the face in gentle waves modeled in relief and F ological excavations conducted in Sirmium with locks emphasized by incisions. On the back of the from 2003 to 2005 at site 85 which is almost certainly head the side locks combed over the ears are gathered the imperial palace complex1 (Fig. 1). The most im- portant are certainly two almost completely preserved heads of deities. * The author presented a brief account of these finds at the The head of a young person (C 109/2003) made of International Meeting Les ateliers de sculpture réginoaux: techni- milky white, fine-grained marble of exceptionally fine ques, styles et iconographie, Xe Colloque international sur l’art texture and originating from Pentelicon2 was discove- provincial romain, Arles et Aix-en-Provence, 21–23 mai 2007. -
Microclimatic Effects on the Preservation of Finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological Site 1A Imperial Palace Sirmium
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 8 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0144.v1 Article Microclimatic effects on the preservation of finds in the Visitor Centre of the Archaelological site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium Aleksandra Ugrinović1, Budimir Sudimac1,* and Željko Savković2 1 Department of Architectural Technology, the University of Belgrade’s Faculty of Architecture, 73/2 Kralja Aleksandra Blvd, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] 2 Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden ‘’Jevremovac’’, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Ta- kovska 43, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: When an archaeological site is roofed over for better display of the finds and more com- fortable experience of the audience, the intervention undoubtedly changes the microclimatic con- ditions in the site. Although sudden changes in microclimatic factors are known to damage and/or destroy archaeological finds, in Serbia, their impact and its analysis are neglected. There is no con- tinuous monitoring and control of microclimatic conditions or their impact on architectural re- mains in archaeological sites. This paper aims at stressing the necessity of introducing mandatory microclimatic monitoring in the process of designing protective structures over archaeological sites. For the purpose of this paper, the actual air temperature and air humidity values were mon- itored in the Visitor Centre of the Archaeological site 1a Imperial Palace Sirmium, designated cul- tural heritage of exceptional importance. The contamination level of archaeological finds in the site was microbiologically analysed. The findings showed that during the phase of microclimatic mon- itoring (February–April 2021), air humidity was almost constantly above the levels set by standards and recommendations for museum collections (>60%). -
Ostrogothic Provinces: Administration and Ideology
CHAPTER 4 Ostrogothic Provinces: Administration and Ideology Jonathan J. Arnold Introduction This chapter focuses on the non-Italian lands that were part of the Ostrogothic kingdom, here referred to as ‘provinces’, but not to be confused with the prov- inces that constituted the two dioceses of Italy. Indeed, those Italian lands were at the core of the Ostrogothic realm and so synonymous with it that the term ‘Ostrogothic Italy’ is commonly used. Yet even in its earliest years, the Ostrogothic kingdom included lands that lay beyond the diocesan boundaries of Italy and were thus, strictly speaking, not Italian. Moreover, through military campaigns and acts of annexation, these territories increased, particularly dur- ing the reign of Theoderic (compare Figures 1.1 and 1.2). To the north and east, the Ostrogothic regime claimed the Illyrian provinces of Noricum, Pannonia Savia, and Dalmatia, later capturing Sirmium and re-establishing Italian con- trol over Pannonia Sirmiensis. To the west, it annexed portions of eastern Gaul (Mediterranean Provence), later adding the entirety of the Visigothic kingdom and expanding into Burgundy. A realm of this magnitude had not existed in the West since the mid 5th century, and both the Ostrogothic administration and its Italian subjects, as self-conscious heirs to the western Roman Empire, celebrated these achievements as a bona fide imperial restoration. Theoderic, it was claimed, had conquered the barbarians and returned civilitas and liber- tas to the Gauls; Amalasuentha, likewise, had made the Danube Roman again. As former imperial territories, the very acquisition of these provinces helped to legitimize contemporary understandings of the Ostrogothic kingdom as a revived Roman Empire. -
The Origins and the Transformation of the Early Hungarian State
The origins and the transformation of the early Hungarian state György Szabados ** What does the state mean? Why did the state come into existence? Philosophers and scholars have given us many answers from classical antiquity up to the present. Plato asserts that the origin of the state is to be found in that fact that the people cannot provide for their own needs and each of them lacks many things. 1 According to Aristotle, “The state is the highest form of community and aims at the highest good.” 2 The influence of these philosophers is evident in Cicero’s political thought. In his De re publica , the state means the common weal ( Est igitur, inquit Africanus, res publica res populi ). 3 Demonstrating the degrees and the changes of political systems, Cicero used the word status in a close context with the terms res publica and civitas , which now meant “state” (habet statum res publica de tribus secundarium ... praestare nostrae civitatis statum ceteris civitatibus ). 4 Therefore, Roman antiquity was the starting point of the abstraction of the word status from its original meaning to ** György Szabados is director of MKI Gyula László Research Centre and Archive, Budapest and consulting historian of King Saint Stephen Museum and Gyula Siklósi Research Centre for Urban History, Székesfehérvár, Hungary. 1 Platon, Politeia – Der Staat . Ders , Werke in acht Bänden , ed. by Gunther Eiger – Dietrich Kurz – Émile Chambry, Deutsche Übersetzung von Friedrich Schleichermacher, vol. 4, Darmstadt, 1971, pp. 126-127 (369c). 2 Aristotle’s Politics , trans. by Benjamin Jowett, Oxford 1920, p. 7 (1, 2). 3 Cicero, De re publica .