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Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil

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Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315966802 Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil Article in Florida Entomologist · March 2017 DOI: 10.1653/024.100.0119 CITATION READS 1 49 3 authors: Luan Alberto Odorizzi Santos Natalia Naranjo Guevara Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba University of São Paulo 12 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS 6 PUBLICATIONS 7 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Odair Aparecido Fernandes São Paulo State University 96 PUBLICATIONS 587 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Foraging strategies of earwigs View project Population dynamics and spatial distribution of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host, the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Homoptera: Aphididae): Studies for the development of an augmentation program View project All content following this page was uploaded by Natalia Naranjo Guevara on 17 July 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil Author(s): Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos Santos, Natalia Naranjo-Guevara and Odair Aparecido Fernandes Source: Florida Entomologist, 100(1):134-144. Published By: Florida Entomological Society https://doi.org/10.1653/024.100.0119 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.100.0119 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Diversity and abundance of edaphic arthropods associated with conventional and organic sugarcane crops in Brazil Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos Santos, Natalia Naranjo-Guevara, and Odair Aparecido Fernandes* Abstract Although studies have shown enhancement of insects, birds, and plants in organically managed agroecosystems, information on arthropod diver- sity and abundance in conventional and organic sugarcane farms is scarce. This research was conducted to analyze and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic arthropods in organic and conventional sugarcane by using pitfall traps. The study was conducted during 2 growing seasons in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. In total, 13,244 individuals belonging to 190 morphospecies were collected. In the conventional system, 4,964 specimens were collected, representing 122 morphospecies distributed in 15 orders and 50 families. In the organic system, 8,280 individuals were captured, representing 142 morphospecies in 13 orders and 45 families. Ants of the genera Pheidole Westwood, Dorymyrmex Mayr, Camponotus Mayr, and Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were predominant. Higher abundance and richness of arthropods (especially predators and omnivores) were found in the organic than the conventional system, which could be important in regulating key pests of sugarcane. Our results show that the organic management in sugarcane increased the abundance and diversity of arthropods. Key Words: community; conservation biological control; environmental disturbance; functional group Resumo Embora estudos já tenham mostrado que há incremento de insetos, pássaros e plantas em agroecossistemas manejados organicamente, informa- ção sobre diversidade e abundância de artrópodes em plantios orgânicos e convencionais de cana-de-açúcar é rara. Este trabalho foi realizado para analisar e comparar a diversidade e abundância de artrópodes edáficos em cana-de-açúcar convencional e orgânica utilizando armadilhas pitfall. O estudo foi conduzido durante duas safras de cana-de-açúcar em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados 13244 indivíduos pertencentes a 190 morfo-espécies. No sistema convencional 4964 espécimens foram coletados e representaram 122 morfo-espécies, distribuídos em 15 ordens e 50 famílias. No sistema orgânico, 8280 indivíduos foram capturados, correspondendo a 142 morfoespécies, distribuídos em 13 ordens e 45 famílias. Formigas dos gêneros Pheidole Westwood, Dorymyrmex Mayr, Camponotus Mayr e Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foram predomi- nantes. Maior abundância e riqueza de artrópodes (especialmente predadores e onívoros) foram encontradas no sistema orgânico em comparação ao sistema convencional e poderiam ser importantes para a regulação de pragas chaves da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostram que o manejo orgânico em cana-de-açúcar aumentou a abundância e diversidade de artrópodes. Palavras Chave: comunidade; controle biológico conservativo; distúrbio ambiental; grupo funcional Conventional agriculture has often caused the simplification of shelter, and alternative prey and hosts are the basis of environmental agricultural landscapes, mainly due to the establishment of monocul- management. Consequently, it is possible to expand natural biological tures (Pogue & Schnell 2001). These simplified agricultural practices control by preserving and increasing existing populations of beneficial and overuse of insecticides can lead to a reduction in biodiversity (But- arthropods in crops (Gurr et al. 2000; Landis et al. 2000; Wilkinson & ler et al. 2007), and thus the reduction of ecological services. On the Landis 2005). other hand, with the increase of organic farming, conservative biologi- Environmental problems associated with conventional sugarcane cal control is also expected to increase due to the reduction in pesticide agriculture due to the use of fire prior to harvest (forbidden in certain use and land management, which in turn enhance survival, fecundity, Brazilian regions since 2014), and use of pesticides, are well document- efficiency, longevity, and maintenance of natural enemies of arthropod ed (Nunes et al. 2006). However, few studies have characterized the pests (Eilenberg et al. 2001; Landis et al. 2005). soil-dwelling arthropods that could be affected by these disturbances Current agricultural system management can be characterized by in sugarcane agroecosystems (Castelo Branco et al. 2010; Pasqualin et. frequent and intense disturbances, which are unfavorable for conser- 2012; Abreu et al. 2014). Consequently, the objective of this work was vation of natural enemies (Letourneau 1998). Thus, development and to analyze and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic ar- maintenance of an ecological infrastructure to provide food resources, thropods in conventional and organic sugarcane fields. Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected] (L. A. O. S.), [email protected] (N. N.-G.), [email protected] (O. A. F.) *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] (O. A. F.) 134 2017 — Florida Entomologist — Volume 100, No. 1 Santos et al.: Edaphic arthropods in sugarcane 135 Materials and Methods To estimate the total species richness for each system, the soft- ware EstimateS® 9.1 was used to generate species accumulation curves and to compare the conventional and organic system (Colwell 2006). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AREA Samples were randomized 100 times, without replacement, using the The experiment was conducted in 2 sugarcane areas in Jaboticabal non-parametric estimator first order Jackknife (Jack 1), which uses the municipality, São Paulo, Brazil. The sugarcane variety RB5536 was used number of unique species or species occurring only once in a sample in each of 2 seasons. Each area was about 10 ha. In the conventional to produce richness estimates (Heltshe & Forrester 1983). Also, prin- field (21.1978°S, 48.2897°W, altitude 589 m), agricultural practices cipal component analysis (STATISTICA, StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma) included pre-harvest burning and herbicide use for weed control but was performed separately on the collection from each month. Thus, no insecticide application. In the organic field (21.1858°S, 48.2450°W; 15 samples (= months of evaluation) were used in the analysis for each altitude 623m), sugarcane has been harvested without burning for area. about 10 yr (green cane) and grown without use of any pesticide. In the 1st growing season (2011/2012, 7th ratoon), the experiment started Results when plants were in the 4th month of development, whereas in the 2nd growing season (2012/2013, 8th ratoon), the experiment started just after harvest. ARTHROPOD RICHNESS AND ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS COLLECTION METHOD In total, 13,244 individuals belonging to 190 morphospecies were collected in sugarcane. The number of individuals collected during the In each plot, 3 parallel transects distanced 10 m apart from each 2 growing
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