BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 78: 39-111, 2008 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 78: 39-lll, 2008
Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos
By Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX and Konjev DESENDER t 1
Abstract have a New World distribution, 16 are cosmopolitan species, 6 pan-tropical and 3 cosmotropical species 149 spider species are recognized of which 121 could be identified to (PLATNlCK, 2008). species level or were described as new. The past work on Galapagos spiders is briefly reviewed and the complete list of publications is cited. A check-list of the occurring species is given with their altitudinal and ecological distribution on the various islands. Each The study of the spiders of the archipelago species' distribution is indicated on a map. A list of synonyms is provided. A first check list of the spiders of Galapagos was published by Rorn & CRAJG (1970)_ This update of the Key words: Araneae, spiders, Galapagos, check-list, distribution, knowledge of the Galapagos spiders was made after habitat preference. they had studied the spider material collected by N. & J. Leleup during their "Mission zoologique belge aux lies Galapagos et en Ecuador" in September 1964-February Introduction 1965 (collection deposited at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences). 72 valid species were listed of The Galapagos Archipelago consists of thirteen large which 52 could be given a scientific name. and six smaller islands and over forty islets (Map The list we compiled is the result of a review of the 1) . These islands are well isolated from the South literature and the rexa.mination of specimens deposited American mainland and lay at a distance between 960 in our and several other musewns. More details on the and 1180 km from the Ecuadorian coast. The total land material are given hereafter. area is about 8.000 km2 spread over a swface of 45.000 The material treated in the literature originates from km2 sea. several zoological expeditions to the Archipelago (Map All islands are volcanic. They are believed to have 4): arisen above the Galapagos hot spot on the Nazca Plate. - BUTLER (1877) looked through the spider material Cox (1983) estimated the age of the islands between 3,7 collected during the H.M.S. 'Peterel' visit to the million years (3,7 Ma) for the old eastern island San islands in 1875. Six spider species and 1 scorpion Cristobal and 1 Ma for the western island Fernandina. were cited in a short paper. GEIST (1996) estimated the ages of emergence using - In 1888 (4-16 April) and 1891 (28 March the hot spot model. His emergence ages range from - 4 April) the steamer "Albatross" of the U.S. Fish 180.000 years (0,18 Ma) for Fernandina and the western Commission came along the islands. MARx (1889) volcanoes of Isabela (Cerro Azul and Wolf) to 4,3 Ma cited 10 spider species and 2 scorpion species. He for San Cristobal. gave the 2 scorpions and two spiders a scientific At the moment 149 spider species are known. 121 name but without description making these names of them could be identified or were described as new. nomen nudums. The remaining 28 species could not yet be identified to species level and are probably new to science. Of the 124 11 Leon Baert, Jean-Pierre Maelfait and Frederik Hendrickx identified species, 64 (almost 50%) a.re only known for dedicate this publication to the late Konjev Desender, their the archipelago and might hence be endemic, 35 species highly appreciated colleague and friend. ~ 0 11 DARWIN 9 1°w 9o•w
~PINTA r Cll· 0 t:l ~ WOLF b::J -f1 °18'N1------_J 5; Q GENOVESA (Tower) 92'W ARCHENA • Roe• Redondo OM Darwin Bay J~ '-< Cll Pta. Albennarle § ~ ~
~· Cll -o••------~ ... ~- ~
Buccaneer Cove ~
~ u>-J 'TJ @ 0. Daphne •Seymour Cll 6 , Beagle Islets · RABIDA . BALTRA ~ SANTACRUZ
: Plaza Islets PINZ6N~ ~ ~ (') Sin Nombre Pia. Pin Puerio Ayora ~ Academy r-, SANTAFE Ro Bay '--> IS ABELA . Los Hennnnos Islets Puerto Baqueurizo Moreno ~ Pta. Cnstobnl J:!. Map l - Galapagos Archipelago (after JACKSON, 1985). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 41 - The Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos Expedition (8 - The Californian Academy of Sciences with the December 1898 - 23 June 1899). BANKS (1902) collections made during the Californian Academy of identified 39 species of spiders, 1 amblypygid, 2 Sciences Expedition (September 1905 - September scorpions, 2 pseudoscorpions and 1 solifugid. He 1906), the Templeton-Crocker Expedition (1 5 April described several new taxa. - 16 June 1932) and the collections made by D. - The Hanison Williams Galapagos Expedition Cavagnero and R. 0. Schuster in January-May (April 1923) organised by the New York Zoological 1964) (CAS); Society with W. Beebe as collector. 24 species of - The Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); spiders, 1 solifugid and 1 scmpion species were - The Zoologisk Museum of Oslo, Norway (ZMO). collected and identified by BANKS (1924). - The Norwegian Zoological Expedition to the Since 1982, sampling campaigns for arthropods have Galapagos Islands in 1925 (August till December) been regularly carried out by a Belgian team (L. Baert, under the leadership of Alf Wollebaek. Here BANKS J.-P. Maelfait, K. Desender and collaborators: 1982, ( 1930) identified 21 spider species and 1 solifugid 1986, 1988, 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 & 2002: species. Map 3), a Canadian team (S. Peck and collaborators: 1985, 1989, 1991, 1992 & 1996: Map 5), an Austrian The collections studied by ROTH & CRAIG (1970) are team (H. & I. Schatz: 1985, 1987 & 1988: Map 5), a originating from the following museums (Map 8): Spanish team (J. Hernandez Pacheco and collaborators: -The American Museum of Natural History of New 1990-1991, mainly cave fauna: Map 7) and members York, U.S.A (AMNH); of the Invertebrates section of the Charles Darwin - The British Musewn (BM); Research Station (Y. Lubin: 1982-1983; S. Abedrabbo: • • . f!) '""'~· ·. ~ ~ .. ~ ~ e. N Map 2 - Distribution of all samples included in this study. 42 Leon BAERT, Jean-PieITe MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER () • L N ~- Map 3 - Sampled localities by the Belgian team (L. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait, K. Desender and collaborators: 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991 , 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 & 2002) . • • Map 4 - Localities cited in the literature. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 43 • • 0 • ~. Map 5 - Sampled localities by the Canadian team (S. Peck and collaborators: 1985, 1989, 1991, 1992 & 1996 - black dots) and the Austrian team (H. & I. Schatz: 1985, 1987 & 1988 - open dots). 0 ~ . Map 6 - Sampled localities by the members of the Invertebrate section of the Charles Datwin Research Station: S. Abedrabbo (grey dots), Dr. L. Roque-Albelo (black dots) and CDRS-collaborators( open dots). 44 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik: HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER 0 a • 0 D . Map 7 - Sampled localities by Prof. Dr. H. Franz (black dots), Dr. J. Hernandez-Pacheco and collaborators (grey dots), S. Jacquemart (open dots), and N. & J. Leleup (open squares). 0 0. Map 8 - Localities from studied collections (AMNH, BM, CAS, MCZ, SIW, ZMO). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 45 1985-1992; G. Estevez; L. Roque-Albelo: 1997-2008 (SFE, MAR, RAB and PIZ). and several CDRS-collaborators: Map 6). The inhabited central islands (altitude, age): SCB Before these extensive sampling campaigns, spider (730 m; 4,3 Ma), SCZ (875 m; 2,9 Ma), FLO (640 m; collections were made by S. Jacquemart (1973-1974; 2,4 Ma).The seven generally recognized altitudinal Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences: Map vegetation zones are present on all three islands, but 7), H. Franz (1975; Vienna, Aush·ia: Map 7) and W. only in a normal sequence on Isla Santa Cruz. Patches Reeder (1980, of the Texas Memolial Museum, Austin, of Scalesia and Zanthoxylum are found on Floreana, U.S.A). while patches of Miconia are found on San Cristobal. All sampled spider material has been studied by the On the islands of intermediate age and altitude ( ~ 1,6 first author of this work (Map 2). Additional material Ma; 660 m for PIN and 907 m for SAN) no Scalesia came from the Smithsonian Institute of Washington and Miconia zones are present. Santiago has a humid D.C. (SIW), U.S.A. (US Fish Commission, Voyage transition forest between ea. 500 and 740 m, while of the Albatross, 1887-88, 1891; Pinchot South Sea Pinta has a Zanthoxylum forest zone between 350 and Expedition, A. K. Fisher, 1929; coll. K. Vinton of 1948). 680m. The Reeder-collection of the Texas Memorial Museum, The western young volcanoes: IVA (1 125 m, 0,23 Austin, U.S.A was not available for study. Ma), ISN (1150 m, 0,39 Ma), IVD (1330 m, 0,39 Ma), FER (1494 m, 0,18 Ma), ICA (1689 m, 0,18 Ma), IVW (1707 m, 0,18 Ma). The climatic factors are so Vegetation zones Eight major vegetation zones, succeeding each other Table 1. - Abbreviations used for the names of the islands with raising altitude, can generally be distinguished: and volcanoes. the Littoral zone, the Arid zone (divided in a low Arid zone with Opuntia and Jasminocereus cacti and BAL : Isla Baltra a higher Arid zone or deciduous Bursera graveolens BAR : Isla Bartolome forest), the Transition zone (with deciduous Pisonia DAP : Isla Daphne Maj or fioribunda and Psidium galapagensis h·ees), the Culture DAR : Isla Darwin zone (zone inhabited and cultivated, situated between EDE : Isla Eden Transition zone and Miconia zone), the evergreen ESP : Isla Espafiola Scalesia pedunculata zone, the open Zanthoxylum FER : Isla Fernandina fagara forest, the evergreen Miconia robinsoniana zone FLO : Isla Floreana and the Highland Pampa or Fem-sedge zone dominated GAE : Isla Gardner near Isla Espafiola : Isla Gardner near Isla Floreana by ferns, grasses and sedges (WIGGINS & PORTER, 1971; GAF : Isla Genovesa JACKSON, 1985; MUELLER-DOMBOIS & FOSBERG, 1998). GEN Because the n01thern (leeward) sides of the islands IBC : Isla Isabela, Volcan Beagle : Isla Isabela, Volcan Cerro Azul receive less rain than the southern (windward) sides ICA the vegetation zones on the n01thern side extend ISA : Isla Isabela : Isla Isabela, Volcan Sierra negra colTespondingly higher. ISN : Isla Isabela, Volcan Alcedo Not all islands show the same vegetation zonation IVA : Isla Isabela, Volcan Darwin with altitude. We can group the islands (and volcanoes IVD : Isla Isabela, Vo Wolf when considering the Isabela volcanoes as separate IVW lean : Isla Marchena isolated entities as they were once in the past) in the MAR : Isla Pinta following four categories. The abbreviations used for the PIN island names are explained in Table 1 (for the older used PIZ : Isla Pinzon : Isla Plaza Sur names of the islands we refer to JACKSON, 1985: 4). PLS : Isla Rabida The low altitude islands: PLS (25 m), SEY (50 m), RAB : Isla Santiago GEN (76 m), BAL (100 m), BAR (114 m), DAP (120 SAN : Isla San Cristobal m), DAR (168 m), ESP (220 m), WOL (253 111), SFE SCB : Isla Santa Cruz (255 111), MAR (343 m), RAB (367 m),PIZ (460 111). scz : Isla Seymour Nolie They are characterised by a coastal Littoral zone, an SEY : Isla Santa Fe Arid zone from coast to sununit on the lowest islands SFE : Isla Wolf and a Transition zone at the top of the higher islands WOL 46 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik H ENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Table 2. - Vegetation zones and their altitudinal range on large eastern and central islands SAN PIN FLO SCB SCZ (S) scz (N) Littoral zone 0-5 111 0-5 111 0-5 111 0-5 m 0-5 m Low arid zone (Opuntia) 5-80 m 5-25 m 5-50 m 5-10 m 5-20 m High arid zone (Bursera forest) 300-500 m 25-300 m 100-200 111 - 100 111 - llOm 50-250 m Transition forest 500-740 m 250-360 m 110-225 m 110-250 111 300-560 m Culture zone 150-350 111 275-550 111 140-500 m Scalesia zone 300-400 Ill 400-490 111 550-620 111 570-650 m Macraea I Zanthoxylum 350-620 m 400-620 m Zanthoxylum forest Miconia zone 480-680 m 500-620 m Fem-sedge zone 700-907m 600-660 m 360-640 m 570-740111 600-875 111 Table 3. - Vegetation zones and their altitudinal range on western volcanoes IVA IVD IVW FER ICA ISN Littoral zone 2-5 m 2-5 m 2-5 111 2-5 m 2-5 m Low arid zone (Opuntia) 5-100 m 5-100 m - 50m - Sm 5-30 m High arid zone (Bursera forest) 200-400 m 200-500 Ill 50-400 m l 70-300 111 Zone with short grasses 550-600 111 - 400111 400-1000 m Transition forest (Pisonia) 700-850 111 150-300 m 100-1 50 m Culture zone 600-825 m 300-600 m Scalesia sp. I Craton 600-800 111 200-230 111 Macraea I Zanthoxylum 900-1000 111 - 1000 111 Zanthoxylum 900-1060 111 600-800 111 Xerophylic Psychotria/fem-sedge Fem-sedge zone 1000-1360 m 640-1 150 111 Xerophylic fern-sedge l l00-1300 m Smrnnit Opuntia zone 1000-1300 m 1200-1700 rn 1400-1 5 10 m Summit desert zone 1200-1300 111 - 1530 m different that the basic vegetation zones cannot strictly localization (altitude) as a dot and the not detailed be delimited as on Santa Cruz. Therefore we tried to literature data as a cross. The altitude contours of 200, define altitudinal ranges by the dominant plant species 800, I OOO and 1400 rn are indicated. encountered during our samplings. Volcan Sierra Negra is the only volcano inhabited and altered due to human activity (cf. culture zone). Distribution and habitat preference of the species The altitudinal ranges for the discerned vegetation zones of the eastern and central islands are shown in ANYPHAENIDAE Table 2; those for the western volcanoes in Table 3. Anyphaenoides katiae BAERT, 1995 Information given per species Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 9): MAR(2), SCB(2). In the text the islands on which the species was found are enumerated. Between brackets, after the abbreviated Altitudinal range: MAR (2 m), SCB (near 550 m). island name, the number of (well documented) localities at which the species was found is given. A lso mentioned Ecological range: Found in the littoral zone on are: the altitudinal range of the observations, the Marchena, but in the Miconia and Culture zone on San vegetation zones in which the species was encountered Cristobal. and the dish·ibution outside Galapagos. The maps display the captures with well known Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 47 Anyphaenoides octodentata (SCHMIDT, 1971) 400; 1450-1530 m), ISN (5 m), IVA (25; 1000 m), IVD (20-600; 1200 m), IVW (2-125; 1425 m), MAR (2-50 Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map 10): FL0(8), m), PIN (100-465 m), PIZ (10-125 m), RAB (2-100 m), ISN(l ), IVA(4), MAR(3), SCB(2), SCZ(13), SFE(l). SAN (2-300; 700 m), SCB (2-150 m), SCZ (S: 2-110 m; N : 400 m), SFE (2-150 m). Altitudinal range: FLO (150-350 m), ISN (150 m), IVA (50-570 111), MAR (2-5 m), SCB (10-100 m), SCZ (S: Ecological range: Most abundant in the lower Arid zone 2-600m; N: 50 m) and SFE (2-5 m). between sea-level and ea. 400m ( Opuntia zone, Bursera forest). On the higher islands of Femandina and Isabel a Ecological ran~: This species occurs in all vegetation (Cerro Azul, Vo lean Darwin, Volcan Alcedo and Volcan zones from sea level to ea. 600 m: Littoral zone, coastal Wolf) they are abundant in the coastal Arid zone up to Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition zone, Culture ea. 600 m and in the summit Arid zone above 1OOO m zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fern-sedge zone. (inversion zone) till the summit of the volcano. Distribution: Known from Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru. Distribution: Known from the USA to Argentina. Anyphaenoides pacifica (BANKS, 1902) A rgiope trifasciata (FoRSSKAL, 1775) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 11): CHA(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 13): ICA (5). ESP(3), FER(6), FL0(2), ICA(l), IVA(8), IVD(9), IVW(8), MAR(5), PIN(4), PIZ(2), RAB(2), SAN(2), Altitudinal and Ecological range: This species occurs SCB(5), SCZ(13), SEY(l), WOL(l). in the summit Arid zone of the Volcano Cerro Azul (lsabela) between 1100 and 1530 m. Altitudinal range: : ESP (5-1 30 m), FER (170; 800- 1350 m), FLO (10; 350 m), ICA (1 50 m), IVA(50-1060 Distribution: Cosmotropical distribution. m), IVD (20-1 300 m), IVW (50-1700 m), MAR (2-50 m), PIN (40-660 m), PIZ (370-460 m), RAB (40-250 Cyclosa turbinata (WALCKENAER, 1841) m), SAN (300-600 m), SCB (2-100; 625-675 m), SCZ (S: 2-570 rn; N: 150-560 m), SEY (2 m), WOL (75 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 14): BAL, DAP, ESP(l), FER(3), FL0(2), GEN, IBC(2), ISN(l), Ecological range: This species occurs in all vegetation IVD(l), MAR(I), PIN(4), PIZ(l), RAB(l), SAN, zones from sea level to summit of islands: Littoral SCB(l ), SCZ(2), SFE(2). zone, Arid zone (coastal and summit), Bursera forest, Transition zone, Culture zone, Scalesia forest, Fern Attitudinal range: ESP (1 5 m), FER (5-300 m), FLO sedge zone. (150-350 m), IBC (5 m), ISN (2 m), IVD (20 m), MAR (5 m), PIN (25-300 m), PIZ (300 m), RAB (2 m), SCB Distribution: Known from Trinidad to Chile. (10 m), SCZ (S: 5; 650 m), SFE (5 -75 m). Ecological range: This species occms in the coastalAti d ARANEIDAE zone, Bursera forest, Transition zone, Culture zone. Argiope argentata (FAB RlCrus, 1775) Distribution: Known from the USA, Panama, West Indies and Hawaii. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 12): BAL(l), BAR(l), DAP(2), ESP(5), FER(4), FL0(8), GAE(2), Busta/a vegeta (L. KoCH, 1866) GEN(4), IBC(3), ICA(6), ISN(2), IVA(8), IVD(5), IVW(4), MAR(6), PIN(?), PIZ(2), RAB(5), SAN(8), Distribution in the Archipela'?o (Map 15): BAL, SCB(8), SCZ(l 7), SEY(l), SFE(2). EDE(l ), ESP(l), FER(l), FL0(2), GEN(l), ISN(l), IVA(2), IVD(l), MAR(4), PIN(5), SAN(4), SCB(l), Altitudina/ range: BAL (20 m), BAR( 50 m), DAP (50 SCZ(7), SFE(l). m), ESP (5-175 m), FER (5-400 m), FLO (25-250 m), GAE (2 m), GEN (5-60 m), IBC (5-225 m), ICA (5- Attitudinal range: ESP (5 m), FER (170 m), FLO (300- 48 Leon BAERT, Jean-Piene MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER 350 m), GEN (60 m), ISN (925 m), IVA (300-570 m), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. lVD (20 rn), MAR (5-50 m), PIN( 2; 300-360 m), SAN (50; 250-400 rn), SCB (550 m), SCZ (S: 2-600 m; N: Mastophora rabida LEVI, 2003 500 m), SFE (75 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 18): IVD(l), Ecological range: This species is most abundant in the RAB(l). coastal Arid zone (Opuntia zone, Bursera forest), but can sometimes be found higher up in the Cultme zone, Ecological and Altitudinal range: Coastal Arid zone the Scalesia zone (FLO), Miconia zone (SCZ) and the (0-20 m). Fern-sedge zone (up to 600 m on Santa Cruz and up to 925 m on Volcan SielTa Negra). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution: Known from the mainland from Mexico Metazygia dubia (KEYSERLTNG, 1864) to Brazil and Hispaniola. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 19): .F.ER(l), ISA, Gasteracantha cancriformis (LINNAE US , 1758) IVW(l), SAN(l), SCZ(3). Distribution in the Archipelagn (Map 16): DAP, Ecological and altitudinal range: Coastal Arid zone FER(2), FLO(lO), GEN(2), IBC(l), ICA(3), ISN(5), (0-10 111). lVA(l), IVD(2), IVW(4), PIN(5), RAB(l), SAN(7), SCB(5), SCZ(22). Distribution: Known from Costa Rica, Cuba, Peru and Brazil. Altitudinal range: FER (5; 430 m), FLO (2-620 m), GEN (5-60 m), IBC (5 m), ICA (5-200 rn), ISN (2-5; 475 m), Metepeira desenderi B AERT, 1987 IVA (800 m), IVD (20; 400 m), IVW (2; 400-600111), PIN (100-400 m), RAB (2 m), SAN (2-1 O; 700-820 m), SCB Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 20): ESP(l 0), (5; 150; 625 m), SCZ (S: 2-380; 875 rn; N: 560 m). FER(3), FLO(l), GAE(2), GEN(6), TBC(3), ISN(l), IVA(3), MAR(5), PIN(5 ), PIZ(5), RAB(2), SAN(6), Ecological range: This species can be found in the SCB(3), SCZ(lO), SEY(l), SFE(5). coastal Arid zone, most abundantly in Transition forests and in the Cultme zone (e.g. gardens, orchards, Altitudinal range: ESP (up to 175 rn), FER (up to 170 m), plantations). It can sometimes be found at higher FLO (up to 200 m), GAE, GEN (up to 60 m), IBC (up to elevations (e.g. smnmit of Santa Cruz, 875 111 and at ea. 225 m), ISN, IVA( 200-600111), MAR, PIN (up to 400 m), 800 m on Santiago and Vo lean Alcedo). PIZ (up to 400 m), RAB, SAN (up to 400 m), SCB (up to 225 m), SCZ (up to 20 m),SEY, SFE (up to 150 111). Distribution: K nown from North and South America. Ecolo'?ical range: Bound to the Littoral zone Mangora sp. I (mangrove), the coastal Arid zone with dry season deciduous woods (Bursera graveolens). One catch was Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 17): ESP(l), done in the Sca!esia forest at 570 m alt. on Santa Cruz. FER(2), ICA(4), ISN (6), IVA(2), IVW(l), PIN(3), SCB(2), SCZ(8). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Altit11dinal range: ESP (at 5 m), FER (170-400 m), ICA Neoscona oaxacensis (KEYSERLI NG, 1863) (300-850 m), ISN (475-1000 m), IVA (1000-1100 111), IVW (at 1200 m alt.), PIN (400-540 111), SCB (at 675 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 2 1): BAL(l), m) SCZ (S: 570-875 m). BAR(l), DAP(2), EDE, ESP(5), FER(16), FL0(17), GAE(2), GEN(6), IBC(6), lCA(27), ISN(7), IVA(14), Ecological range: Culture zone (ISN), Scalesia forest IVD(7), IVW(6), PIN(l), PIZ(5), RAB(2), SAN(l 7), (SCZ), Transition forest (PIN) and Fem-sedge zone SCB(6), SCZ(25), SEY(l ), SFE(2). (lCA, lSN, IVA SCZ). Altitudina! range: Can be found from coast to summit. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 49 Ecological range: In all vegetation zones. Ecological range: In the tide zone. Distribution: Known from the USA to Peru. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. CORINNIDAE DICTYNIDAE Creugas gulosus THORELL, 1878 Emblynaformicaria BAE RT, 1987 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 22): FER(4), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 25): IBC(3), FL0(5), ISN(2), SCB(7), SCZ(32). IVA(l), IVW(l). Attitudinal range: FER (300-800 m), FLO (around alt. Altitudinal range: IBC (20-225 m), IVA (at 55 malt.), 350 m), ISN (0-20 m), SCB (100-400 m), SCZ (from IVW (at 1625 malt.). coast to top of island, 875 m). Ecological range: Coastal and summit Arid zone. Ecological range: It occurs principally (except on Fernandina) on the inhabited islands (Floreana, Sierra Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Negra, San Cristobal and Santa Cruz) where it has its greatest abundance in the Culture zone (orchards, Phantyna remota (BANKS, 1924) plantations) and in the Transition zone. On Santa Cruz it occurs in all vegetation types till the top of the island Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 26): DAP, but with its highest abundance in the Culture zone and FL0(2), GAE(l), IBC(2), ISN(2), IVA(l), IVW(2), coastal Arid zone. PIN(l), RAB(l), SCB(l), SCZ(6), SFE(l). Distribution: Cosmopolite distribution. A!titudinal range: IBC (2-225 m); IVA (at 600 m alt.); DAP, FLO, GAE, ISN, IVW, PIN, RAB, SCB, SCZ, Creugas bellator (L. KOCH, 1866) SFE (on all these islands: 2-20 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 23): FLO(l), Ecological range: Typical for salt marshes or habitats ICA(J), IVW(l), SAN(l), SCZ(7). near the sea. Attitudinal range: FLO (at 400 m), ICA (at 400 m), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. IVW (at 750 m), SAN (at 580 m), SCZ (at 2 m and between 570- 875 m). Tivyna spatula (GERTSCH & DAv1s, 1937) Ecological range: It is found in humid forests and Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 27): BAL, highland Pampa vegetation on Floreana, Cerro Azul ESP(l), FER(8), IBC(l), ICA(l ), ISN(3), IVA(lO), and Volcan Wolf. On Santa Cruz it was most abundant IVD(l), IVW(2), MAR(3), PIZ(l), RAB(l), SAN(5), in the Scalesia forest and the Fem-sedge zone, but was SCB(l ), SCZ(l2), SEY(l). also encountered in the Littoral zone. Altitudinal range: FER (5-200 & 1300-1360 m); ISN Distribution: Known from Venezuela, Colombia and (2-5 & at 600 m); IVA (from coast to sununit); SCZ (up Ecuador. to 250 m); BAL, ESP, IBC, ICA, IVD, IVW, MAR, PIZ, RAB, SAN, SCB, SEY (2-30 m). DESIDAE Ecological range: It is most abundant in the Littoral and lower Arid zone along the coast. On Santa Cruz Desis galapagoensis HrRST, 1925 it climbs up to 250 m along the no11hem side. It is also found in the summit Arid zone of Femandina and Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 24): FLO. Vo lean A lcedo. 50 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Distribution: Known from the USA, Mexico, Cuba and sedge zone. the B aharna Islands. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Dictyna sp.1 Camillina galapagoensis (BANKS, 1902) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 28): IVD(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 31): BAL( l ), Altitudinal range: At an altitude of 100 m. FER(lO), FL0(2), IBC(l), ICA(2), ISN(5), IVA(7), IVD(7), IVW(8), MAR(4), PIN(13), PIZ(2), SAN (3), Ecological range: Coastal Arid zone. SCB (5), SCZ(24), SFE(2), SPL(l). Distribution: Not known. Attitudinal range: FER (170-1320 m), ICA (5-680 m), ISN (750-1150 m), IVA (280111, 700-1060 m), IVD (5 -100, 600-1300 m), IVW (350-400, 1200-1700 m), FILISTATIDAE MAR (5-50 m), PIN (2-540 m), PlZ (at 300 m), SAN (at 50, 580-900 m), SCB (5-20, at 675 m), SCZ (2-40, Pikelinia fasciata (BANKS, 1902) 150-875 m), SFE (up to 150 m); BAL, FLO, IBC,SPL (coastal low Arid zone). Distribution in the ArchipelagQ (Map 29): COW(l), DAP(l), ESP(6), FL0(2), GEN(l ), IBC(l), ISN(l), Ecological range: Most abundantly in the Arid zones, IVA(2), IVD, IVW(2), MAR(5), PIN(9), PIZ(l), the lower Arid zone and the summit Arid zone laying SAN(2), SCB(5), SCZ(l ), SFE(l), WOL. above inversion zone of the higher younger volcanoes (Fernandina, Volcan Darwin, Volcan Wolf). A lso in A/titudinal range: ESP (5-175 m); FLO, GEN (5-50 m); the Fem-sedge zone of the lower islands Santa Cruz, IVA (-200 m); IVW (50-125 m); PIN (2-400 m); SCB Santiago and the southern Isabel a volcanoes Sierra (10-300 m); DAP, IBC, ISN, IVD, MAR, PIZ, SAN, N egra and Cerro Azu l. SCZ, SFE, WOL (coastal line). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Abundant in Littoral and coastal Arid zone (low Arid zone and Bursera forest). It was found Camillina isabela PLATNICK & M URPHY, 1987 in a cave on Sierra Negra. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 32): ESP( 12), Distribution: Only lmown from Galapagos. FL0(4), ISA, SCB(4). Attitudinal range: ESP (5-1 75 m), FLO (270-620 m), GNAPHOSIDAE SCB (at 2, 600-740 m). Camillina cruz P LATNJCK & SHADAB,1982 Ecolo'$ical range: T11 ll1e coastal Arid zone of the most eastern islands Espafiola and San Cristobal; in the Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 30): FER(l), Scalesia zone ofFloreana and in the Fern-sedge zone of ICA(4), IVA(6), IVW(3), MAR(2), PIN, PIZ(l), the most eastern island San Cristobal. SAN(4), SCZ(ll), SFE(4). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Attitudinal range: ICA (400-1510 m), IVA (from coast to summit of 1060 m), IVW (1000-1625 m); FER, Camillina isla PLATN ICK & SHADA B, 1982 MAR (coastal arid zone); PIZ (at 300 m); SAN (up to 580 m); SCZ (from coast to summit of 875 m); SFE (up Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 33): DAR, to 150 m). WOL(l). Ecological range: Littoral zone, coastal Arid zone, Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. summit Arid zone on Cerro Azul, Volcan Alcedo and Volcan Wo lf, Bursera forest, Miconia-zone and Fern- Distribution: Only !mown from Galapagos. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 51 Camillina pecki BAERT, 1994 Attitudinal rang_g_: IVA (at 570 m), MAR (at coast), SCZ (N: 50-500 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 34): FLO(l), SCB(2). Ecological range: Littoral zone (MAR); Arid zone and Transition zone (IVA and SCZ). Ecological range: In the Littoral zone on Floreana and in the lower Arid zone on San Cristobal. Distribution: Known from the Mediterranean region, USA, Mexico, Peru, Hawaii, Tropic Africa and Cape Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Verde Island. Camillina sandrae BAERT, 1994 Gnaphosidae sp. 1 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 35): SCB(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 39): PIN(l). Altitudinal range: At I 00 m of altitude. Attitudinal range: PIN (at 40 m). Ecological range: Bursera forest. Ecological range: Bursera forest. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution: Not known. Poecilochroa bifaciata BANKS, 1902 Gnaphosidae sp. 2 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 36): FER, IVA(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 40): FLO(l ). IVD(l), IVW(l), MAR(2), PIN(3), RAB(l), SCZ(l). Altitudinal range: FLO (cave). Altitudinal range: IVD (at 1100 m), PIN (up to 200 m), SCZ (at 160 111 ); IVA, IVW, MAR, RAB (Lower Arid Ecological range: Found in a cave. zone up to 50 m). Distribution: Not known. Ecological range: From the Arid zone up to Transition zone. LINYPHIIDAE Distribution : Only known from Galapagos. Eperigone sp. 1 Trachyzelotes kulckzynskii (BbsENBERG, 1902) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 41): SCZ(3). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 37): FL0 (4), SCB(l), SCZ(l I). Altitudinal range: Between 650-875 m. Altitudinal range: FLO (5-130 m), SCB (at 100 m), Ecological range: Fem-sedge zone. SCZ (S: 2-500 m). Distribution: N ot known . Ecological range: Littoral, Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest and Transition zone. Erigone atra (BLACKWALL, 1841) Distribution: Known from Macedonia, Japan, Caribbean Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 42): ICA(l), region, Colombia and Samoa. ISN(9), SAN(l ), SCB(5), SCZ(2). Zelotes laetus (O.P.-CAMBRJDGE, 1872) Altitudinal range: ICA (at 1530 m), ISN (at 475 m, 800- 1150 m), SAN (at 700 m), SCB (500-675 m), SCZ (S: Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 38): IVA(l ), 600-650 m). MAR(l), SCZ(4). 52 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Ecological range: Abundant in the Fern-sedge zone. Meioneta arida BAERT, 1990 Was found in the Culture zone of SieITa Negra (Isabela) and in the smmnit Arid zone on Cena Azul. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 46): ESP(8), FER(l), FL0(6), IBC(4), ICA(l), IVA(8), IVD(l), Distribution: Holarctic distribution. MAR(l), SAN(9), SCB(3), SCZ(12), SFE(3). Erigone miniata BAERT, 1990 Attitudinal range: ESP (5-130 m), FER (at 170 m), FLO (5-200 m), IBC (5-surnrnit of 225 m), ICA (at 1450 m), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 43): FER(l), IVA (5-900 m), IVD (at 50 m), MAR (at 50 m), SAN (2- FLO(l), PIN(l), SAN(l), SCZ(4). 820 m), SCB (10-400 111), SCZ (S: 2-50 m; N: 50-500 m), SFE (5-summit of 150 m). Attitudinal range: FER (at 800 m), FLO (at 350 m), PIN (at 4000 m), SAN (at 870 m), SCZ (S: 140-875 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, Dunes, Cave (FLO), lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition zone and Ecological range: Lives in the Transition zone (SCZ), summit Arid zone (ICA). Scalesia forest (FLO, SCZ), evergreen forest (PIN), Miconia zone (SCZ) and Fem-sedge zone (FER, SAN, Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. SCZ). Meionetagalapagosensis BAERT, 1990 Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 47): BAL(l), Laminacauda baerti MILLER, 2007 FL0(4), ICA(3), ISN(9), IVA(2), SAN(! 4), SCB(9), SCZ(30). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 44): ICA(ll ), ISN(9), IVA(l), SCB(6), SCZ(13). Altitudinal range: FLO (200-640 m), ICA (1300- 1530 111) , ISN (475-1150 m), IVA (at 1000 m and inside Attitudinal range: ICA (600-sununit of 1530 m), ISN crater), SA (2-900 m), SCB (2-675 m), SCZ (S: 2-825 (780-summit of 1150 m), IVA at summit of 1060 m), m; N : 150-500 m). SCB (550-675 m), SCZ (S: 550-875 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Ecological range: This species has its highest Bursera forest, Transition zone, Culture zone, Miconia abundances in the Fem-sedge zone of all cited islands or zone, Scalesia forest; sunm1it Arid zone (xerophylic volcanoes. It was also found in the Miconia zone (SCB, Fem-sedge and Opuntia-zone) on Cerro Azul (Isabela). SCZ), the Scalesia forest (SCZ) and in the sununit Arid zone (Cerro Azul). Distribution: Known from Fernando do Noronha lsland (Brazil). Distribution: Known from Panama and Colombia. Meioneta pinta BAERT, 1990 1Weioneta albomaculata BAERT, 1990 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 48): IVW(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 45): FER(3), PIN(l). IVD(4), IVW(2). Attitudinal range: IVW (at 2 m), PIN (at 200 m). Attitudinal range: FER (400, 1000-1200 m), IVD (800- 1300 m), IVW (1400-1700 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone on Volcan Wolf (Isabela) and in the Bursera forest on Pinta. Ecological range: On Fernandina in a lower Parnpa zone ( 400 m) and on the tlu·ee islands in the summit Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Arid zone. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 53 Meioneta sp. 1 Distribution: Known from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 49): FER(7), Notiohyphantes excelsus (KEYSERLING, 1886) SCZ(5), SFE. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 53): FL0(6), Altitudinal range: FER (400-1200 m), SCZ (S: 2-20 m; GEN(l), ICA(2), ISN(3), MAR(l), SAN(4), SCB(13), N: 150-300 m). SCZ(34). Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Altitudinal ran~: FLO (near 350 and 600 m), GEN (at Bursera forest on Santa Cmz; summit Arid zone on 5 m inside crater), ICA (400-700 m), ISN at 475 m and Fernandina. between 800-930 m), MAR (at 5 m), SAN (300-740 m), SCB (300-740 m), SCZ (S: 20-summit of 875 m; N: Distribution: Not known. 500-560 m). Meioneta sp. 2 Ecoloiical range: Lower Arid zone, Transition zone, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fern-sedge Distribution in the Archipelagg_ (Map 50): SCB(l ). zone. Altitudinal range: SCB (at 5 m). Distribution: Known from Mexico to Peru and from Brazil. Ecological range: Dunes. Distribution: Not known. LYCOSIDAE Meioneta sp. 3 Hogna albemarlensis (BANKS, 1902) Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map 51): GEN(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (map 54): BAR(l), rVA(l), SFE(l ). FER(3), FL0(9), GEN(l), IBC(l), ICA(l 7), ISN(l6), IVA(S), IVD(l), IVW(l), MAR(2), RAB(l), SAN(8), Altitudinal rangg_: GEN (at 5 m), TVA (50 m), SFE (at SCB(6), SCZ(35). 5 m). Altitudinal range: BAR (2 m), FER (2-5; 400 m), FLO Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. (2-10; 150-360 m), GEN (inside crater), IBC (inside crater), ICA (5 ; 400-850 m, 1000-1530* m), ISN (2-5; Distribution: Not known. 400-500; 930-1150 m), IVA (850-1060 m; inside crater), lVD (2 m), IVW (2 m), MAR (2-5 m), RAB (2 m), SAN Neocautinel/a neoterica (KEYSERLING, 1886) (2; 300*; 600-900* m), SCB (2-5; 625-675 m), SCZ (S: 2-20; 190-650* m); N: 300-560* m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 52): FER(3), (* during EL Nino years). FL0(5), ICA(24), ISN(l 7), IVA(6), IVD( L),SAN(20), SCB(20), SCZ(35). Ecological range: They live in highest densities in saline habitats along the coast (salt marshes, bays), Altitudinal range: FER (at 5 m), FLO (5-150 m), ICA along pennanent pools and in pennanent wetlands (5- 1530 m), ISN (5-1150 m), IVA (800-1100 m), IVD below 600m. Scattered populations can also be found on (at 1200 m),SAN (2-50; 500-900 m), SCB (2-150; 400- various islands above the vegetation inversion zone in 740 m), SCZ (S: 5-summit of 875 m; N: 150-560 m). wet situations during El Nino years (years characterized by very heavy rainfall giving rise to temporary pools) Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, (BAERT & MAELl'AlT, 2000). Bursera forest, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest , Fern-sedge zone; summit Arid zone (xerophylic Distr;bution: Only known from Galapagos. Fern-sedge and Opuntia-zone) on Ceno Azul (Isabela). 54 Leon BAERT, Jean-PieITe MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Hogna espaiiola BAERT & MAELFAIT, 2008 Volcan Cerro Azul in a pampa girdle located between 680 and 1100 rn of altitude and on Volcan Sierra Negra Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 55): ESP(9), above 700 m of altitude till the top of the crater. GAE(2). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Attitudinal range: Most abundant along the coast between 2-50 m, but can reach the top of the island Hognajunco BAERT & MAELFALT, 2008 (130 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 59): SCB(l 1). Ecological ramte: Lives between rocks in the Arid zone along the coast (Opuntia cactus zone). Attitudinal range: 530-700 m. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Lives in the Fem-sedge zone above 500 m of altitude till top of the island San Cristobal Hogna galapagoensis (BANKS, 1902) (Cerro San Joaquin, 700 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 56): ICA(4), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. IVA(4), PIZ(l), SAN(2), SCZ(26). Hogna snodgrassi (BANKS, 1902) Altitudinal range: ICA (1000-1300 m), IVA (850-1100 m; inside crater), PIZ (460 m), SAN (400; 900 m), SCZ Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 60): SCB(S). (S: 500-875 m; N: 300-570 m). Altitudinal rangg_: 2-5 m. Ecological range: Lives in the Fern-sedge zone, also called Pampa zone, at altitudes above 600rn. It can Ecological range: Lives in the dryer Supra-littoral zone sometimes also occur in the A1.iconia and Scalesia witb Sesuvium- or Spirobolus-vegetation and in dune zones (forests) beneath 600m on Isla Santa Cruz. A few vegetation of the Arid zone. specimens are recorded from lower elevations near the coast and in the Culture zone (literature data). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. MIMETIDAE Hogna hendrickxi BAERT & MAELFAlT, 2008 Ero gemelosi BAERT & M AELFAIT, 1984 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 57): SCZ(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 61): FER(5), Altitudinal range: 2-5 m. IV\V(2), SAN(l), SCZ(4). Ecological range: Lives in the Arid zone along the coast Altitudinal range: FER ( 170-1 OOO m), lVW (1 000-1200 in v egetated dunes and in the Opuntia cactus zone. m), SAN (at 650 m), SCZ (S: near 550 m and 825-875 m). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological ranrse : Bursera forest, Scalesia forest, Fem sedge zone. Hognajacquesbreli B AERT & MAELFAIT, 2008 Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 58): ICA(6) , ISN(ll). Mimetidae sp. 1 Attitudinal range: ICA (680-1100 m) ISN (150; 700- Distribution zn the Archipelago (Map 62): PIN(l), 11 50 m). RAB(l). Ecological range: L i es in the Fem-sedge zone. On Altitudinal range: PIN, RAB (near 40 m). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 55 Ecological range: Bursera forest. OCHYROCERATIDAE Distribution: Not known. Speocerajacquemarti BAERT & MAELFAIT, 1986 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 65): ISN(2), MYSMENIDAE IVA(l). Calomyspoena santacruzi BAERT & MAELFAIT, 1983 Altitudinal range: ISN (at 5 m and at 1000 m), IVA (at 10 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 63): FL0(5), ISN(4), IVA(l), IVD(2), IVW(l), PIZ(l), SAN(3), Ecological ran~ '. Littoral zone, coastal Arid zone; SCB(7), SCZ(31 ), SEY( l ), SFE. Fem-sedge zone on Sierra Negra (Isabela). Altitudinal range: FLO (150-540 m), ISN (150-930 m), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. IVA (at 570 m), IVD near 500 and 1100 rn), NW (at 1000 m), PIZ (at 370 m), SAN (600-740 m), SCB (300- 625 m), SCZ (S: 0-750 m; N: 250-560 m). Theotima galapagosensis BAERT & MAELFAIT, 1986 Ecological range: Most abundant in Transition and Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 66): FL0(8), Culture zones, but also in Aficonia zone, Scalesia forest, ICA(2), ISN(4), SCB(9), SCZ(l 7), SFE(l). Fern-sedge zone and caves (SCZ). Attitudinal range: FLO (150-640 m), ICA (5-80 m), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. ISN (100-850 m), SCB (100-700 m), SCZ (S: 5-750 m), SFE (at 30 m). NESTICIDAE Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition woodland, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Eidmanne/la pallida (EMERTON, 1875) Scalesia forest, Fern-sedge zone. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 64): IVA(3), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. MAR(l), SAN(l), SCB(3), SCZ(18), SFE(l). Altitudinal range: IVA (5-1100 m), MAR (coastline), OECOBIIDAE SAN (at 700 m - campsite "La central"), SCB (2-100 m, at 625 m), SCZ (S: 2-875 m; N: 50-500 m), SFE Oecobius concinnus SIMON, 1893 (coastline). Distribution in the ArchipelagQ (Map 67): BAL(l), Ecological range: Littoral zone, coastal Arid zone, ESP(l2), FL0(5), GAE(l), GEN(2), ISN(l), IVA(3), Bursera forest, Transition zone, Fem-sedge zone. MAR(2), PIZ(3), SAN(l), SCB(2), SCZ(7), SEY(l), SFE(3). Distribution: Cosmopolitan distribution. This species has clearly been introduced in 1993. Since it has Altitudinal range: Not exceeding the 150 m, except on spread on Santa Cruz till the sunm1it and has followed Pinzon (at 300 m). scientists/tourists/residents on their journey to Volcan Alcedo, Marchena, Santiago (campsite of the PNG "La Ecological range: Littoral zone, Lower Arid zone and Central") and San C1ist6bal. Culture zone. Distribution: Known from the USA to Brazil, elsewhere introduced. 56 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER OONOPIDAE Opopaea lena SUMAN , 1965 Gamasomorpha insularis SrMON, 1907 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 71): SCB(l), SCZ(l). Distribution in the ArchipelagQ (Map 68): FL0(2), ICA(l), ISN(4), SCB(4), SCZ(6). Attitudinal range: SCB (near 150 m), SCZ (at 5 m). Attitudinal range: FLO (near 350 m), ICA (at 80 m), Ecological range: In a town garden on Santa Cruz and ISN (2-150 m and near 800 m), SCB (10-300 m), SCZ in the Transition zone on San Cristobal. (S: 2-20 m; N: near 250 m). Distribution: Known from Thailand, Seychelles and Ecological range: Littoral zone, Lower Arid zone, Hawaii. Transition zone, Culture zone; Fem-sedge zone on Sierra Ncgra (Isabela). Orchestina sp. 1 Distribution: Known from Madeira, Bioko, Sao Tome, Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 72): ESP(2), St. Helena, Mauritius, Yemen, and Seychelles. FL0(2), PIZ(l), SAN(3), SCB(2), SCZ(J 5). Ischnothyreus peltifer (SIMON, 1891) Altitudinal range: ESP (5-175 m), FLO (300-350 m), PIZ (at 380 m), SAN (300-740 m), SCB (100-225 m), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 69): ESP(l), SCZ (S: 20-750 m; N: 400-560 111). SCZ(30). Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Altitudinal range: ESP (near 10 m), SCZ (S: 2-750 m; Transition zone, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia NI 250-560 m). forest, Fern-sedge zone. Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Distribution: Not known. Bursera forest, Transition zone, Culture zone, Scalesia forest, Fem-sedge zone. Scaphie/la sp. 1 Distribution: Known from USA to Panama; West Indies, Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 79): SCZ(l ). St. Helena, Yemen, China, Taiwan, and Hawaii. Attitudinal range: At 2 m . Opopaea deserticola S1MON, l 89 1 Ecological range: Littoral zone. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 70): BAL(l), FER(l), ISN(2), IVW(l), SCB(2), SCZ(4), SEY(2), Distribution: Not known. SFE(l). Silhouetella sp. 1 Altitudinal range: BAL, FER, SFE (coastal); ISN (at 2 and 250 m); IVW, SEY (10-50 m); SCB (at 2 and 300 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 73): SCZ(JO). m), SCZ (S: at 2-5; N: near 250 m). Altitudinal range: SCZ (S: 2-875 m; N: 300-500 m). Ecological range: L ittoral zone, lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Culture zone; in a cave on Sierra Negra Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, (Isabela ). Bursera forest (northern side of island), Transition zone, Culture zone, Jitficonia zone, Fern-sedge zone. Distribution: Known from the USA, West Indies and Seychelles. Distribution: Not known. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 57 Triaeris stenaspis SIMON, 1891 SEY(l), SFE(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 74): FLO(l), Attitudinal range: SCB (at 2 m and at 620 m), SEY (at ISN(9), SCB(l4), SCZ(15). 15 m), SFE (at 2 m). Attitudinal range: FLO (at 350 m), ISN (150-600 m), Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone; SCB (225-620 m), SCZ S: 140-750 m). Miconia zone on San Cristobal. Ecological range: Transition zone, Culture zone, Distribution: Not known. Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fern-sedge zone. Distribution: Known from the USA to Venezuela, West OXYOPIDAE Indies; introduced in Europe. Oxyopes saltans HENTZ, 1845 Oonopidae sp 1 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 80): FER(7), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 75): ESP( l ), ICA(9), IVA(6), IVD(l), IVW(5), MAR(l), PIN(l), ISN(2), MAR(l), SAN(l), SCB(l), SCZ(2). SAN(6), SCZ(22). Altitudinal range: Lower than 30 m (ESP, ISN, MAR, Altitudinal range: FER (800-1360 m), ICA (at 400, SAN, SCZ); near 225 m (SCB) and near 350 m (ISN). 1100-1530 m), IVA (600- 1060 m), IVD at 1300 m), IVW (at 50 rn, 825-1700 m), MAR (at 25 m), PIN (300- Ecological range: Lower Arid zone and Culture zone. 400 m), SAN (at 80 , 650-820 m), SCZ (S: at 110, 500- 875 m; N: 500-560 m). Distribution: Not known. Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Oonopidae sp. 2 Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fem-sedge zone ; summit Arid zone (xerophilic Fem-sedge zone Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 76): PIN(l), and Opuntia zone) above inversion zone on the northern SCZ(l). Isabela volcanoes Alcedo, Darwin and Wolf. Altitudinal range: PIN (at 350 m), SCZ (0-2 m). Distribution: Known from the USA to Brazil. Ecological range: In Littoral zone and cave on Santa Cruz. In a deciduous forest on Pinta. PHILODROMIDAE Distribution: Not known. Philodromidae sp. 1 Oonopidae sp. 3 Distribution in the Archipelaf:O (Map 81): FER(l), RAB(l), SAN(l), SCZ(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 77): IVA(l), SAN(l). Attitudinal range: FER (at 170 m), RAB (at 250 m), SAN (at 2 m), SCZ (at 150 m). Altitudinal range: IVA (at 200 m). Ecolo'jJical range: Littoral zone (SAN) and Bursera Ecological range: Bursera forest. forest (FER, RAB, SCZ). Distribution: Not known. Distribution: Not known. Oonopidae sp. 4 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 78): SCB(2), 58 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER PHOLCIDAE Ecological range: Found in houses on Santa Cruz and in a cave on Sierra Negra (Isabela). Anopsicus banksi (GERTSCH, 1939) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelar;:o (Map 82): ESP(l ), FLO. Aymariajarmila (GERTSCH & PECK, 1992) Altitudinal range: ESP (at 5 111). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 86): FLO(l), SCZ(8). Ecological rang_g_: Littoral zone. Altitudinal and ecological ranrte: FLO (cave), SCZ Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. (caves). Aymaria conica (BANKS, 1902) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 83): ESP(3), Galapa baerti (GERTSCH & P ECK, 1992) FER(l l), FLO(l), ICA(6), ISN(4), IVD(2), IVW(2), PIN(5), PIZ(3), RAB(l ), SAN(ll), SCB(4), SCZ(26), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 87): SAN(2), SEY(l), SFE(4), SPL(l). SCZ(l), SFE(2). Altitudinal range: ESP (5-175 m), FER(5-1350 m), Altitudinal range: SAN (30-260 m), SCZ (at 5 m), SFE FLO (cave), ICA (400-900, at 15 10 m), ISN (at 2, 300, (75-100 m). 1000-1 150 m), IVD (1200-1300 m), IVW (825-1200 m), PIN (25-540 m), PIZ (300-460 m), SAN (2-600 m), Ecological ranrte: Lower Arid zone. SCB 5-700 m), SCZ S: at 2-5, 570-875 m; N: at 300 m), SFE (up to 150 m). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Littoral zone, Caves, lower Arid zone Galapa bella (GE RTSCH & P ECK, 1992) ,Transition zone, Bursera forest, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scaiesia forest, Fern-sedge zone; sununit Arid Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 88): GEN ( l), zone (xerophilic Fern-sedge zone and Opuntia zone) SCZ(3). above inversion zone on Fernandina and the northern lsabela volcanoes Alcedo, Darwin and Wolf Attitudinal range: GEN (at 5 m), SCZ (2-5 m). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Littoral zone and lower Arid zone. Aymariajloreana (GERTSCH & PECK, 1992) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 84): FLO(l). Metagonia be/lavista GERTSCH & P ECK, 1992 Attitudinal range: At 15 m. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 89): SCZ(5). Ecological rangg_: Cave. Altitudhwl range and Ecological range: Caves. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Aymaria insularis (BANKS, 1902) Metagonia reederi GERTSCH & PECK, 1992 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 85): ISN(l ), 1VD, Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 90): FLO(l), PIN, SCZ(2). ISN(l). Altitudina/ range: ISN (at 1 m), SCZ (5-220 m). Altitudinal range and Ecological range: Caves. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 59 Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Volcan Wolf. Modisimus culicinus (SIMON, 1893) Distribution: Cosmopolite distribution. Distribution in the Archioelago (Map 91): FL0(4), Pholcidae sp. 1 GEN(2), PIN(l), SAN(l), SCB(2), SCZ(4). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 95): FLO(l). Altitudinal range: FLO (10-160 m), GEN (5-20 m), PIN (at 2 m), SAN (at 100 m), SCB (5-10 m), SCZ (2-20 Altitudinal range: FLO (10 m). m). Ecological range: In building. Ecological range: Littoral and lower Arid zone. Distribution: N ot known. Distribution: Known from North & South America, Congo and Hawaii. PRODIDOMIDAE Modisimus modicus (Gertsch & Peck, 1992) Lygromma anops PECK & SHEAR, 1987 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 92): SAN(3), SCB(2). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 96): FL0(3), SCZ(5). Altitudinal range: SAN (10-400 m), SCB (150-225 m). Altitudinal range: FLO (10-15 m), SCZ (2-300 m). Ecological range: Found in the lower Arid zone and Bursera forest on Santiago and in the Transition and Ecological range: Most in caves, but also in Littoral Culture zones on San Cristobal. zone (SCZ) and lower Arid zone (FLO). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Modisimus sola GERTSCH & PECK, 1992 Neozimiris pinta PLATN1CK & SHADAB, 1976 Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map 93): SCZ( l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 97): ESP(2), FLO(l ), PIN(3), SAN(l), SFE(l). Attitudinal range: SCZ (N: at 50 m). Altitudina! range: ESP (15-130 m), FLO (2 m), PIN Ecological range: Bursera forest. (200-360 m), SAN 200 m), SFE (5 m). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Littoral and lower Arid zone. Physocyclus globosus (TACZANOWSKr, 1874) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Arch;pelago (Map 94): BAL(l), Neozimiris pinzon PLATNJCK & SHADAB, 1976 FL0(3), ISN(l), IVW(l), SCB(l), SCZ(7). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 98): PIZ, SCZ. Altitudinal range: BAL(20 m), FLO (2-10 m), ISN (0 m), IVW ( m), SCB (300 m), SCZ (S: 0-10; 600-875 Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. m). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Found in buildings on Baltra, Floreana, San Cristobal (in Culture zone) and Santa Cruz; in caves on Floreana and Santa Cruz; in the Littoral zone on Floreana, Sietra N egra (harbom) and 60 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER SALTICIDAE Transition forest. Balmaceda estebanensis Suv10N, 1903 Distribution: Known from Pern. DisfJ•ibution in the Archipelago (Map 99): FER(l), Frigga crocuta (TACZANOWSKJ, 1878) ISN(l), IVW(2). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 103): BAL(l), Altitudinal range: FER (5 m), ISN (475 m), IVW (50- ESP(l), FER(3), FL0(9), GAE(l), IBC(l), ICA(6), 125 m). ISN(ll), IVA(5), IYD(7), IVW(3), PIZ(2), RAB(2), SAN(9), SCB(7), SCZ(l 7) ,SFE (1), SSU(l). Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest and Culture zone. Aititudinal range: On all islands from coast to the summit, even floating on the sea surface in the vicinity Distribution: Known from Venezuela. of Vo lean Alcedo. Danvinneon c1ypticus CUTLER, 1971 Ecological range: In all vegetation zones. DisfJ'ibution in the Archipelago (Map 100): ESP(3), Distribution: Known from Pern and Ecuador. FER(6), FLO(ll), GAE(l), GEN(l ), IBC(l), ICA(2), ISN(4), IVA(9), IVD(6), IVW(4), MAR(l), PIN(6), Habronattus encantadas GRrswoLD, 1987 PIZ(l), RAB(l), SAN(lO), SCB(15), SCZ(37), SEY(2), SFE(4). Dist1··ibution in the Archipelago (Map 104): DAR. Attitudinal range: On all islands from coast to the Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. summit. D istribution: Only !mown from Galapagos. Ecological range: Found in all vegetation zones. Hasarius adansoni (Auoou1N, 1826) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 105): BAL(l), Dendryphantinae sp. 1 ESP, FLO(l), ISN(5), SCZ(3). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 101): FL0(3), Altitudinal range: BAL (20 m), FLO (50 m), lSN (2- ICA(l), SCZ(3). 475 m), SCZ (S: 5- 10, 600 m). Altitudinal range: FLO (2-200 m), lCA (5 m), SCZ (2- Ecolo<;Jical range: Low Arid zone, Transition and 170 m). Culture zone. Ecological ran~: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone and Distr ibution: Has a cosmopolite distribution. Transition forest. Helvetia insularis (BANKS, 1902) Distribution: Not !mown. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 106): DAP, Euophrys vestita TACZANOWSKI, 1878 ESP(4), FER(3), FLO(!), TVA(2), IVD(6), IVW(2), PIZ(4), SAN(4), SCB(5), SCZ(l2), SFE(l), SPL(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 102): ESP(2), IBC(l ), IVA(l), PIZ(l), SAN(l). Altitudinal range: ESP (5 -130 m), FER (5-170 m), IVA Altitudinal range: ESP (5 m), IBC (225 m), TVA (200 (50; 1060 m), IYD (20; 500-1000 m), IVW (50- 125 m), m), PIZ (50 m), SAN (260 m). PIZ (125-380 m), SAN (2-10; 300-400 m), SCB (2; 400-550 m), SCZ (S: 5-570 m; N: 300-560 m); FLO, Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, SFE, SPL (5 m). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 61 Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Culture zone. Bursera forest, Transition forest, Fem-sedge zone. Distribution: Has a cosmotropical distribution. Distribution: Known from Argentina. Saitis sp. 1 M enemerus bivittatus (DUFOUR, 1831) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 111): SAN(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 107): FLO(l), SCZ(l ). ISN(l), SCB(l), SCZ(l). Altitudinal range: Between 400 and 500 m altitude. Attitudinal range: Between 3 and 10 m. Ecological range: Bursera forest. Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. Distribution: Not known. Distribution: Has a pantropical distribution. Sitticus phaleratus GALIANO & BAERT, 1990 Phanias distans BANKS, 1924 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 112): BAL(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map I 08): BAL(l). ESP(l), FLO(l), GEN(2), SAN(5), SCB(3), SCZ(6), SFE(2). Ecological range: Lower Arid zone. Altitudinal range: ESP (10 m), FLO (150 m), GEN (5- Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. 20 m), SAN (2-150 m), SCB (2-5 m), SCZ (S: 2-5; 350 m), SFE (5 -75 m). Philaeus pacificus BANKS, 1902 Ecological range: Littoral zone, dunes, low Arid zone ; Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 109): FER(5), Culture zone on Floreana. FL0(5), GEN(l), ISN(2), IVA(4), IVD(2), IVW(3), MAR(2), PIN(3), PIZ(3), RAB(2), SAN(6), SCZ(8). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Attitudinal range: FER (0-170 m), FLO (10-620 m), S;tticus tenebricus GALIANO & BAERT, 1990 GEN (20 m), ISN (475; 780 m), IVA (600-1000 m), IVD (O; 1300 m), IVW (350; 825-1625 m), MAR (5-25 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 113): ICA(l ), m), PIN (2; 200-400 m), PIZ (250-380 m), RAB (100- IVA(l), SCZ(l). 250 m), SAN (2; 250-700 m), SCZ (S: 20-650 m; N: 500-560 m). Attitudinal range: ICA (1530 m), IVA (200 m), SCZ (2 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition forest, Culture zone, Fern Ecological range: Littoral zone on Santa Crnz; Bursera sedge zone; xerophylic sunm1it Arid zone on the forest on Volcan Alcedo (North Isabela); xerophilic northern Isabela volcanoes Darwin and Wolf. summit vegetation on CetTo Azul (South Isabela). Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Dish-ibution: Only known from Galapagos. Plexippus paykulli (AuoouIN, 1826) Sitticus uber GALIANO & B AERT, 1990 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 110): BAL, Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 11 4): ESP(l ), FLO(l), SCZ(3). ICA(4), ISN(7), IVW(l), SAN (1), SCZ(l9). Attitudinal range: FLO (350 m), SCZ (S: 2; 110 m). Attitudinal range: ESP (5 m), ICA (450; 850-900 m), ISN (475; 780-1000 m), SAN (600 m), SCZ (S:lS0-875 Ecological range: Building (SCZ), low Arid and m; N: 560 m). 62 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Ecological range: Low Arid zone (ESP); Bursera forest SCYTODIDAE (North SCZ), Culture zone (ISN, SCZ); Transition forest, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest (SCZ); Fem-sedge Scytodes fusca WALCKENAER, 183 7 zone (ICA, IVA, SAN, SCZ). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 119): BAL(l), Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. FL0(13), GEN(7), ICA(2), ISN(6), PIZ(2), RAB(l ), SAN(2), SCB(l), SCZ(14). Sitticus sp. 1 Altitudinal range: FLO (2-350 m); GEN (3-225 m); IS Dish-ibution in the Archipelago (Map 115): ESP(6). (2- 150; 450 m); PIZ (300-460 m); SAN (580; 900 m); SCB (l 00 m); SCZ (S: 2-875 m); BAL, ICA, RAB (2-5 Attitudinal range: From coast to summit (130 m). m). Ecological range: Arid zone. Ecological range: Littoral zone, dunes, low Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition forest, Culture zone, Scalesia Dish-ibution: Not known. forest, Fem-sedge zone. Salticidae sp. 1 Distribution: Has a pantropical distribution. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 116): SAN(l). Scytodes longipes LUCAS, 1845 Altitudinal range: 10 m. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 120): FLO(4) , GEN(2), ISN(5), IVA(6), IVD(4), SCB(4), SCZ(l8). Ecological range: Arid zone. Altitudinal range: FLO (l 0-360 m), GEN (5-20 m), ISN Distribution: Not known. (5; 300-475 m), IVA (570-1060 m), IVD (600-1200 m), SCB (300-550 m), SCZ (S: 0-20, 220-570 m; N : 500- Salticidae sp. 2 560 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 117): PIZ(l ), Ecological range: Littoral zone, buildings, low Arid SAN(l), SCZ(l). zone, Transition forest, Culture zone, Psidium forest, Scalesia forest. Altitudinal range: PIZ (10 m), SAN (2 m), SCZ (2 m). Distribution: Has a pantropical dish·ibution. Ecological range: Littoral and low Arid zone. Distribution: Not known. SEGESTRIIDAE Salticidae sp. 3 Ariadna tarsalis BANKS, 1902 Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map l l 8): PIN(l). Distribution in the ArchioelagQ (Map 121): BAL, DAR, FER(l), IVW(3), PIN(4), PJZ(l ), SAN(!), SCB(L), Altitudinal range: Sea cliff. SCZ(l), SEY(l), SFE(l), SPL(l), WOL(l). Ecological range: Littoral zone. Altitudinal range: IVW ( 125-400); PIN (25; 300-465 m); SAN (200 m); SCB (675 m); SCZ (570 m); SEY Distribution: Not known. (50 m); SFE, BAL, DAR, FER, PIZ (2-5 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, low Arid zone, Bursera forest, Pisonia forest, Fem-sedge zone. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 63 SELENOPIDAE SPARASSIDAE Selenops galapagoensis BANKS, 1902 Heteropoda venatoria (LINNAEUS, 1767) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 122): FER(l), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 125): BAL(l), FL0(9), ICA(3), ISN(l), IVA(l), IVD(l), IVW(2), FL0(6), ICA(2), ISN(5), PIZ(l), SAN(l), SCB(4), SAN(6), SCB(l), SCZ(l 7). SCZ(22), SSU(l). Attitudinal range: FER (5 m), FLO (2-350 m), ICA (5- Altitudinal range: FLO near 350 m), ISN (2; 300-450 150 m), ISN (100 m), IVA (300 m), IVD (200 m), IVW m), PIZ (1 0 m), SCB (5-100; 625 m), SCZ (S: 2-570 m; (50-125 m), SAN (50-900 m), SCB (100 m), SCZ (S: N: 150-560 m); BAL, ICA, SAN (2-5 m). 0-650 m; N: 500-560 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, Bursera forest, Ecological range: Littoral zone, low Arid zone, Bursera Transition forest, Culture zone, Scalesia forest, Fern forest, Pisonia forest, Transition forest, Culture zone, sedge zone; floating on sea surface between Volcan Scalesia forest, Fern-sedge zone. Alcedo and Santiago. Distribution: Known from the USA, Mexico and Distribution: Has a cosmopolitan distribution. Central America. Olios galapagoensis BANKS, 1902 SICARJIDAE Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 126): BAL, EDE, FER(6), FL0(3), GAE(l), IBC(l), ICA(6), ISN(2), Loxosceles /aeta (N1coLET, 1849) IVA.(4) , IVD(5), IVW(4), MAR(5), PIN(4), PIZ(3), RAB(3), SAN(7), SCB(3), SCZ(32), SFE. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 123): ESP(5), FLO(l), ISA, IVW(l), PIN(2), PIZ(l), RAB(l), Altitudinal ranf{e: FER (5; 400-1 200 m), FLO (300- SAN(!), SCB(l), SCZ(2), SFE(2). 350 m), IBC (225 m), ICA (5; 400-1000 m), ISN (150; 925 m), IVA (5-1100 m), IVD (5; 1000-1300 m), IVW Altitudinal range: ESP (5-110 rn), FLO (350 m), PIN (1000-1700 m), MAR (2-25 m), PIN (2-300 m), PIZ (0-25 m), PIZ (300 m), SAN (200 m), SFE (75-1 50 m); (300-460 m), RAB (2-250 m), SAN (2; 300-870 m), IVW, RAB, SCB, SCZ (2-5 m). SCB (2; 570 m), SCZ (S: 2-875 m; N: 150-560 m); BAL, EDE, GAE (2-5 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, dw1es, low Arid zone, Bursera forest; Sca/esia forest on Floreana. Ecological range: In all vegetation zones, but most abundant in the coastal Arid zone and above 300 m of Distribution: Known from America, Finland and altitude; floating on sea surface SW of Santiago and Australia. between Volcan Alcedo and Santiago. Sicarius utriformis (BUTLER, 1877) Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map 124): CHA(l), EDE, E SP(5), FLO, GAE(l), RAB(l), SAN(3), SCZ, SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE SFE(l). Anapistula secreta GERTSCH, 194 1 Altitudina/ range: ESP (5-175 m), SAN (2; 580 m); FLO, EDE, CHA, GAE, RAB, SFE (2-5 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 127): TSN(l). Ecological ran<£e: Littoral zone, low Arid zone; Ecological range: Littoral zone. Transition forest on Santiago. Distribution: Known from the USA to Colombia, Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Bahama Islands and Jamaica. 64 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER TETRAGNATHIDAE Tetragnatha nitens (AunoUTN, 1826) Glenognatha maelfaiti BAERT, 1987 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 131 ): FER( 1), ICA(l), ISN(l), IVA(l), SAN(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 128): FER(l), FLO(l), ICA(8), ISN(7), SAN(3), SCB(2), SCZ(21). Attitudinal range: FER (5 m), ICA (1530 m), ISN (2 m), IVA (2 m), SAN (700 m). Altitudinal range: FER (400 m), FLO (350m), ICA (200-1200 m), ISN (2-5; 780-930 m), SAN (650-900 Ecological range: Littoral zone (ISN, IVA), low Arid m), SCB near 550 m), SCZ (S: 2-20; 180-875 m; N: zone (FER), Fem-sedge zone (SAN), summit Arid zone 300 m). (ICA). Ecological range: Littoral zone, low Arid zone, Bursera Distribution: Has a cosmotropical disttibution. forest, Transition forest, Culture zone, Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fem-sedge zone. THERIDIIDAE Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Achaearanea dromedariformis (RoEWER, 1942) Leucauge argyra (WALCKENAER, 1842) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 132): FER(l ), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 129): RAB(l ), PIN(l). SCB(l), SCZ(l). Altitudinal range: FER (1200 m), PIN (0 m). Altitudinal range: RAB (2 m), SCB (500 m), SCZ (2 m). Ecological range: In a lava tube at the coast of Pinta; in Psychotria shrubs on the summit of Fernandina. Ecological range: Along coast on Rabida and Santa Cruz (town of Puerto Ayora); in an orchard in the Distribution: Known from Ecuador and Peru. Culture zone of San Cristobal. Achaearanea hirta (TACZANOWSKJ, 1873) Distribution: Known from the USA to Brazil. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 133): FER(l ), Leucau.ge hituherculata BAERT, 1987 IBC(l), ICA(l), ISN(l), IVA(l), IVD(l), MAR(3), PIN(2), PIZ(l), RAB(2), SAN(2), SCB(l), SCZ(3). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 130): FER(ll), FL0(5), ICA(18), ISN(15), IVA(4), IVD(2), IVW(9), Altitudinal range: FER (170 m), lBC (50 m), ICA (200 PIN(7), SAN(3), SCB(14), SCZ(34). m), ISN (2 m), IVA (900 m), IVD (800 m), MAR (5-25 m), PIN (40-200 m), PIZ (380 m), RAB (2-40 m), SAN Altitudinal range: FER (170-1360 m), FLO (300-360 (50-270 m), SCB (225 m), SCZ (S: 2-40 m). m), ICA (150-1510 m), ISN (1 50-1150 m), IVA (570- 1060 m), IVD (1200-i300 m), IVW (50-1700 m), PIN Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, (2; 200-400 m), SAN (260-580 m), SCB (100-675 m), Bursera forest, Pisonia forest, Transition forest, Culture SCZ (S: 5; 140-875 m; N: 500-560 m). zone (SCB), xerophylic Fem-sedge zone (IVA, PIZ). Ecological range: Can be found in all vegetation zones, Distribution: Known from Panama to Argentina. but less abundant in the lower Arid zone and Bursera forest. Achaearanea orana LEVI, 1963 Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 134): SCZ(2). Altitudinal range: SCZ (O; 570 m). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 65 Ecological range: Two specimens, one in a fissure near Latrodectus apicalis BUTLER, 1877 the coast and one in the Scalesia forest at 570m (Los Gemelos). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 138): BAL(l), FER(5), FL0(8), GEN, IBC(4), ICA(ll), ISN(5), Distribution: Known from Ecuador. IVA(8), IVD(l), IVW(2), MAR, PIN(3), PIZ(l ), SAN(8), SCB(l), SCZ(4), SEY(l), SFE(l). Argyrodes elevatus TACZANOWSKI, 1873 Altitudinal range: BAL (20 m), FER (5; 1000-1300 m), Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 135): DAP, ESP, FLO (2-10; 100-150 m), GEN, IBC (5-225 m), ICA FER, FLO, GAE, GEN, IBC, ICA, !SN, IVA, IVD, (5 -250; 1100-1530 m), ISN (2; 800-930 m), IVA (5-50; IVW, MAR, PIN, PIZ, RAB, SAN, SCB, SCZ, SEY, 550; 900-1000 m), IVD (1300 m), IVW (600; 1625 m), SFE. PIN (2-25 m), PIZ (125 m), SAN (2-30; 300-500; 820 m), SCB (2 m), SCZ (2-70 m), SEY (50 m), SFE (150 Altitudinal range: Being a cleptoparasite, it bas the m). same range as Argiope argentata. Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Ecological range: Being a cleptoparasite of Argiope Bursera forest, sununit Arid zone. wgentata on the Archipelago, it occurs in the same ecological range. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Distributfon: Known from the USA to Argentina. Latrodectus geometricus C.L.KocH, 1841 Coleosoma jforidanum BANKS, 1900 Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 139): FL0(2), SCB(l), SCZ(2). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 136): BAL(l), BAR(l), FER(7), FL0(23), GAE(l), GAF(l), GEN(4), Altitudinal range: FLO (10 rn), SCB (10 m), SCZ (5 IBC(l ), TCA(20), TSN(2 l ), IVA(7), IVD(5), IV\\7(4), m). PTN(2) , RAB(l), SAN(3), SCB(l2), SCZ(45), SFE(l). Ecological range: In buildings and under stones in the Altitudinal range: Occurs from coast to smm11it of all lower Arid zone. islands. Distribution: Has a cosmopolite distribution. Ecological range: Lives m all vegetation types encountered on the islands. Nesticodes rufipes (LUCAS, 1846) Distribution: Has a pantropical distribution. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 140): BAL(l), FER (1), FL0(6), GEN(l), ICA(2), ISN(7), IVA(l), Faiditus sullana (EXLINE, 1945) IVD(l), SCB(2), SCZ(ll). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 137): FER(l), Altitudinal range: BAL (20 m), FER (5 m), FLO (10; IVD(l), SCB(l), SCZ(5). 350-640 m), GEN (5 m), ICA(5-150 m), ISN (2-5; 100- 300 m), IVA (850 m), IVD (20 m), SCB (10; 300 m), Altitudinal ran ~: FER (400 m), lVD (1200 m), SCB SCZ (S: 10; 300 m). (550 m), SCZ (S: 570-790 m). Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Ecological range: Miconia zone, Scalesia forest, Fem buildings, Bursera forest, Transition forest, Culture sedge zone. zone, Pisonia forest, Scalesia forest, Fem-sedge zone. Distribution: Known from Peru. Distribution: Has a pantropical dish·ibution. 66 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Phycosoma sp. 1 SAN(?), SCB(l), SCZ(6), SFE(l). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 141 ): SCB(l ). Altitudinal range: ESP (5-15 m), FER (5; 1000-1350 m), FLO (5-200 m), GEN (5-60 m), IBC (5-225 m), Altitudinal range: At 150 m. ICA (1200-1530 m), ISN (1000 m), IVA(5-25; 300-900 m), IVD (20; 200-1300 m), IVW (50; 1425-1625 m), Ecological range: Transition forest. MAR (2-25 m), PIN (40-360 m), RAB (40 m), SAN (2-260 m), SCB (2 m), SCZ (S: 2-5 m; N: 50 m), SFE Distribution: Not known. (2-5 m). Rhompaea.fictilium (HENTZ, 1850) Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, transition forest, Fern-sedge zone Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 142): FER(1 ), (ISN); also in the summit Arid zones ofFernandina, the IBC(l), ICA(l), ISN(l), IVA(2), IVD(7), IVW(l), Southern Isabela volcano Cerro Azul and the northern SAN(2), SCB(l), SCZ(4). Isabela volcanoes Darwin and Wolf. Altitudinal range: FER (170 m), IBC (20 m), ICA (680 Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. m), ISN (5 m), IVA (570; 900 m), IVD (20; 400-1300 m), IVW (1425 m), SAN (270-650 m), SCB (150 m), Theridion myersi LEVI, 1957 SCZ (5-20; 180 m). Dish-ibution in the Archipelago (Map 145): FL0(4). Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, Transition forest, Fem-sedge zone on the northern Altitudinal range: 150-620 m. Isabela volcano Alcedo; also in the summit Arid zone on the northern Isabela volcanoes Darwin and Wolf. Ecological range: Culture zone, Scalesia forest, Fern sedge zone. Distribution: Known from Canada to Argentina. Distribution: Known from the USA, Mexico and Theridion calcynatum HOLMBERG, 1876 Jamaica. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 143): FER(9), Theridion strepitus PECK & SHEAR 1987 FL0(2), ICA(6), ISN(2), IVA(l), IVD(2), IVW(l), PIN(4), SAN(l), SCB(2), SCZ(14). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 146): TVW(3), SCZ(2). Altitudinal range: FER (300- 1350 m), FLO (3 50 m), ICA(400; 1100-1400 m), ISN (475-600 m), IVA (1000 Altitudinal range: IVW (500-1000 m), SCZ (600-670 m), IVD (1200-1300 m), IVW (1625 m), PIN (400-600 m). m), SCB (400-625 m), SCZ (S: 2; 140-230; 570-875 m: N: 500-560 m). Ecological range: In caves on Santa Cruz and in the Transition forest and summit Arid zone on Isabela Ecological range: Cuiture zone (ISN, SCZ), Fem-sedge Volcan Wolf. zone, Scalesia forest; summit Arid zones of Fernandina and northern Isabela volcanoes Alcedo, Darwin and Remark: The specimens living in the caves of Santa Wolf. Crnz are eyeless, those living in the open air of Vo lean Wolf have normal eyes. Distribution: Known from Venezuela to Argentina. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Theridion coldeniae BAERT & MAELFAIT, 1986 Tidarren sisyphoides (WALCKE 'AER, 1842) Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 144): ESP(2), FER(6), FLO(?), GEN(3), IBC(4), ICA(6), ISN(l), Dish-ibution in the Archipelago (Map 147): FER(l), IVA(12), IVD(lO), IVW(3), MAR(5), PIN(3), RAB(l), IBC(2), IVA(3), IVD(3), IVW(4), SAN(3), SCZ(2). Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 67 Altitudinal range: FER (170 m), IBC(3-50 m), IVA Transition forest. (400-850 m), IVD (200-400 m), IVW (50-400 m), SAN (200-400 m), SCZ (S: 2; 160 m). Distribution: Known from Peru. Ecological range: Littoral zone, dunes, Bursera forest, Pisonia forest, Transition forest (SCZ), summit Arid TITANOECIDAE zone (IVD). Goeldia obscura (KEYSERUNG, ] 878) Distribution: Known from the U SA to Colombia, West Tndies. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 15 1): ESP(5). Theridiidae sp. 1 Attitudinal range: From coast to summit of island (130 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 148): FER(l), ICA(3), IVD(l), IVW(l ), SCZ(4). Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest. Attitudinal range: FER ( l 0 rn), ICA ( 150-400 m), IVD (20 Distribution: Known from Colombia and Peru. m), TVW (600 rn), SCZ (S: 5, 570 m; N: 150-300 m). Ecological range: Low Arid zone, Bursera forest, ULOBORIDAE Pisonia forest, Sca/esia forest (SCZ). Uloborus segregatus GERTSCH, 1936 Distribution: Not known. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 152): ICA(5), SCZ(3). THOMJSIDAE Altitudina! range: ICA (5-680 m), SCZ (S : 550-750 m; Mecaphesa inclusa (BAN KS, 1902) N: 500 m). Distribution in the Archive/ago (Map 149): GEN(l), Ecological ran~ : Lower Arid zone, Pisonia forest, ISN(l), IVA( l ), IVD(2), PIN(l), SAN(l), SCZ(7). Bursera forest, Miconia zone, Fem-sedge zone. Altitudinal range: GEN (5 m), ISN (925 m), IVA (600 Distribution: Known from the USA to Colombia. rn), IVD (20; 800 rn), PIN (200 m), SAN (650 m), SCZ (S: 2-20, 550 m; N : 560 m). Zosis geniculatus (Ouv1 ER, 1789) Ecolo<:Jica! range: Lower Arid zone, Transition forest, Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 153): SCZ(7). Fern-sedge zone (ISN). Attitudinal ran ~ : From 5 to 220 m. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Transition forest, Tmarus stolzmanni K EYSERLING, 1880 Culture zone. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 150): FER(l), Distribution: Has a pantropical distribution. FLO( l), IBC(l), IVA(2), MAR(3), PIN(l), SAN(3), SCZ(3), SFE(2). ZORIDAE Altitudina! range: FER (5 m), FLO (10 m), IBC (20 m), IVA (5 -50; 200 m), MAR (5-25 m), PIN (200 m), SAN Odo galapagoensis BANKS, 1902 (3 0-260 m), SCZ (2-160 m), SFE (100-150 m). Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 154): ESP, FLO, Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest, GAE(l), GEN, PIZ, SAN, SCB, SCZ(2), SFE. 68 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER Altitudinal range: GAE (5 m), SCZ (S: 5 m; NI 150 m). Acknowledgements Ecological range: Lower Arid zone, Bursera forest. Excellent cooperation aud field logistic support were provided by the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador), the CDRS directors (F. Koestner, G. Reck, D . Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Evans, C. Blanton and R. Bensted-Smith, M. Cifuentes and their staff); the Galapagos National Park Service (SPNG Superintendents Odo insularis BANKS, 1902 M. Cifuentes, IR. H. Ochoa, F. Cepeda, A. lzurieta and E. Cruz); The "Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderfa de Ecuador (Quito); the field assistants (students of the Universita Cat6lica de Quito: Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 155): BAL(l), Sonja Sandoval, Sandra Abedrabbo, Maria Galarza); Prof. Dr. EDE, FER(8), IBC(2), ICA(6), IVA(6), IVD(l), Giovanni Onon~ (Universita Cat6lica de Quito); the CDRS section IVW(3), PIZ(3), RAB(3), SAN(7), SCZ(6), SEY(l), of Entomology (Lazaro Roque and bjs staff); TAME airline kindly SFE(l). issued reduced price for travel tickets; Dr. Peter Verdijck. Special thanks goes to our field guide Bolivar Reinoso who guided us several years and helped us to reach the top oftl1e heaviest volcanoes Altitudinal range: BAL (2 m), FER (170-430 m), IBC ofFemandina and Isabela : Volcan Darwin and Wolf. (5 -50 m), ICA (1200-1530 m), IVA (25; 800-1060 m), Our special thanks go to Prof. Dr. Stewart Peck (Carleton IVD (100 m), IVW (5; 1200-1425 m), PIZ (10-460 m), University of Ottawa, Canada, and Heimich & Irene Schatz (Inst. RAB (2-250 m), SAN (2-100; 580 m), SCZ (S: 5-70 m; Zoo!. Of Innsbruck, Austria) who gave willingly their huge amount of spider material for study. N: 150-300 m), SEY (10 m), SFE (2-5 m). Collection-material was made availabl e by Dr. Jonathan Coddington (Smithsonian Institute of Washington), Dr. J. Gruber Ecological range: Littoral zone, lower Arid zone, (Naturhistoriches Museum Wien, material of Prof. Dr. Franz), Bursera forest; summit Arid zones ofFemandina, Cerro L. Leibensperger (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Azul, Volcan Alcedo and Volcan Wolf. University, Massachusetts, USA), Dr. N . Platnick (Amerivcan Museum of Natural Sciences of New York, U.S.A.), J.W. Pulawski (Californian Academy of Sciences, San Francisco - CAS), Karsten Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Stmd (Zoological Museum of the University of Oslo). Our investigations and field work were financially supported by Odo sp.1 (1) BELSPO (former Belgian DWTC), (2) the Fund fo r Scientific Research (former NFWO) and (3) the Leopold Ill Foundation. Distribution in the ArchipelagQ (Map 156): SFE(l). Consulted Literature Altitudinal range: At 100 m. Cox , A., 1983. Ages of Galap agos Islands; In: BowMAN, Ecological range: Lower Aiid zone. R.I., B ERSON, M . & LE VTNGTON, A.E. (Editors). Patterns of evolution in Galapagos o rganism s. San Fra nc isco: California Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. Academy of Sciences: 11 -23. Odo sp. 2 G EIST, D., 1996. O n the emergence and submergence of the Galapagos Islands. Noticias de Galapagos, 56: 5-9. Distribution in the Archipelago (Map 157): ESP(l 0). JACKSON, M., 1985. Galapagos, a natural history guide. The University of Calgary Press, Canada, 283pp. Altitudinal range: From coast to summit of island (130 MUELLER-DOMBOIS, D. & FOSBERG, F.R., 1998. C hapter x. m). The o ceanic is lands in the eastern pacific. T he Galapagos Islands. In: CALDWELL et all. (Editors). Vegetation of the Ecological range: Low Arid zone. Tropical Pacific Is lands. Ecological Studies, Vol. 132 . Springer-Verlag, New York, U .S.A.,: 587-604. Distribution: Only known from Galapagos. PLATN1CK, N .I., 2008. The world spider catalog, Version 8.5. (http://rescarch.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog). WIGGINS, I.L. & PORTER, D .M ., 1971. Flora of the Galapagos Only cited from literature Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, (Probable en oneous identifications) U.S.A., 998pp. Cyclosa conica(PALLAS, 1772): SCZ. Nephila clavipes (LINNAEUS, 1767): EDE. Distribution and habitat p r eference of the spiders (Ara neae) of Galapagos 69 Synonyms in the Galapagos spider literature Gasteracantha insulanaT1-roR ELL, 1859 = Gasteracantha cancriformis (LINNAEUS, 1767) Gasteracanthaservillei (GuERfN, 1825) = Gasteracantha "Admestina " inularis B ANKS, 1902 =Helvetia insularis cancriformis (L INNAEUS, 1767) (BANKS, 1902) Hedypsilus culicinus S IMON, 1893 = Modisimus Argyrodesfictilium (HENTZ, 185 0) = Romphaeafictilium culicinus (SIMON, 1893) (HENTZ, 1850) Hedypsilus modicus SIMON, 1893 = Mod;simus modicus Argyrodes sullana (EXLINE, 1945) = Faiditus sullana (SIMON, 1893) (EXLfNE, 1945) Laminacauda dentichelis MTLLfDGE, 1985 Argyrodes jucundus CAMBRJDGE, 1880 Argyrodes Laminacauda baerti MILLER, 2007 elevatus T ACZANOWSKJ, 1872 Latrodectus curacaviensis (MULLER, 1776) Argyrodes nephilae KEYSERLfNG, 1884 Argyrodes Latrodectus apicalis B UTLER, 1877 elevatus T ACZANOWSK I, 1872 Latrodectus scelio THORELL, 1870 Latrodectus Aysha pacifica B AN KS, 1902 = Anyphaenoides pacifica apicahs B UTLER, 1877 (BANKS, 1902) Loxosce!is galapagoensis MARX, 1889 = Loxoscelis Corinna wolleboeki B ANKS, 1930 = Creugas gulosus laeta (NrcOLET, 1849) THORELL, 1878 Loxoscehs longipa!pis BANKS, 1902 = Loxoscelis laeta Corinna cetrata (SIMON, 1888) = Creugas gulosus (N1co1,r;T, 1849) T HORELL, 1878 Lycosa albemarlensis B AN KS, 1902 Hogna Co1J1ssocne111is conica B ANKS, 1902 = Aymaria conica albemarlensis (BAN KS, 1902) (BANKS, 1902) Lycosa indomita N ICOLET, 1854 = Hogna species Co1J1ssoc11 emis floreana G ERTSCH & PECK, 1992 = Lycosa galapagoensis B ANKS, 1902 Hogna Aymaria f!oreana G ERTSCH & PECK, 1992 galapagoensis (BAN KS, 1902) Coryssocnemis insu!aris B ANKS, 1902 = Aymaria Lycosa snodgrassi B ANKS, 1902 = Hogna snodgrassi insu/aris (BANKS, 1902) (BANKS, 1902) Coryssocnemis jarmi!a GERTSCH & P ECK, 1992 = Marptusa californica P ECKHAM, 1888 (c3') = Metacyrba Aymaria jarmi!a (GERTSCH & P ECK, 1992) insulm-;s (BANKS, 1902) Cyclosa caudata (H ENTZ, 183 5) = Cyclosa turbinata Metazygia gregalis ( 0.-P. CAMBRIDGE, 1889) = (WALCKENAER, 1841 ) Mangora sp. 1 Cyrba insu!aris B ANKS, 1902 ( ~ ) = Metacyrba insularis Menemerus galapagoensis M ARX, 1889 (n omen nudum) (BANKS, 1902) = Frigga crocuta (T ACZANOWSKJ, 1879) Dictyna parieta/is 0.-P. CAMBRIDGE, 1896 = Phantyna Metepeira sp. (in Rorn & CRAIG, 1970) = Metepeira remota (BANKS , 1924) desenderi B AERT, 1987 Dictyna remota B ANKS, 1924 = P hantyna remota Misumena inclusa B ANKS, I 902 = Mecaphesa inclusa (BANKS, 1924) (B ANKS, 1902) Epeirn cooksoni (BUTLER, 1877) = Neoscona cooksoni Misumenops inclusus (B ANKS, 1902) = Mecaphesa (BUTLER, 1877) inc!usa (B ANKS, 1902) Epeirn gregalis 0 .-P. CAMBR IDGE, 1889 = Mangora sp. 1 Neocautinella ochoai B AERT, 1990 = Neocautinella Epeira labyrinthea H ENTZ, 1847 = Metepeira desenderi neoterica (KEYSERLING, 1886) BAERT, 1987 Neoscona cooksoni (B UTLER, 1877) = Neoscona Epeira oaxacensis KEYSERLfNG, 1863 = Neoscona oaxacensis (KEYSE RLI NG, 1863) oaxacen s is_(K1::YSERLTNG, ] 863) Neozimiris santiago BAERT & MAELFA.IT, 1986 = Epeira prompta H ENTZ, 1847 = Eusta!a vegeta Neozimiris pinta P LATN!CK & SHADAB, 1976 KEYSERLING, 1865 Oecobius nieborowskii KuLCKZYNSKT, 1909 = Oecobius Eusta/a s p . (in Rorn & CRAIG, 1970) = Eusta!a vegeta concinnus SIMON, 1892 K EYS ERLI NG, 1865 Oxyopes graci!is .KEYSER.LING, 1877 = Oxyopes sa!ticus Fi!istata oceanea MARX, 1889 (norne n nudum) = H ENTZ, 1845 Fi/istatoides fasciatus (BANKS, 1902) Phiale bispinosa BANKS, 1930 = Frigga crocuta Fi!istatafasciata BANKS, 1902 = Filistatoidesfasciatus (TACZANOWSKJ , 1879) (BANKS, 1902) Phiale coronigera KoCH, 1846 = Frigga crocuta Filistatoides fasciatus (BANKS, 1902) = Pike!inia (TACZANOWSKI, 1879) fasciatus (BANKS, 1902) Phia!e crocuta (T ACZANOWSKI , 1879) = Frigga crocuta 70 Leon BAERT, Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT, Frederik HENDRICKX & Konjev DESENDER (TACZANOWSKI, 1879) Linyphiidae. Bulletin of the British arachnological Pholcophora baerti GERTSCH & PECK, 1992 = Galapa Society, 8(5): 129-138. baerti (GERTSCH & PECK, 1992) BAERT, L., 1994. The Gnapbosidae of the Galapagos Pholcophora be/la GERTSCH & PECK, 1992 = Galapa archipelago, their distribution and the description of be/la (GERTSCH & PECK, 1992) the Galapagoan representatives of the genus Camillina Pholcophorina banksi GERTSCH, 1939 = Anopsicus Berland. Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut banksi (GERTSCH, 1939) voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie, 64: 9-24. Plexippus paykuli AuoourN & SAVTGNY, 1827 (immature in BANKS, 1902) = Frigga crocuta (TACZANOWSKI, BAERT, L., 1995. The Anyphaenidae of the Galapagos 1879) archipelago and Cocos Island, with a redescription of Prosthesima galapagoensis BANKS, 1902 = Camillina Anyphaenoides pluridentata Berland, 1913. Bulletin of galapagoensis PLATNICK & SHADAB, 1982 the British arachnological Society, 10( l ): 10-14. Scytodes hebraica SIMON, 189 1 Scytodes ji1sca = BAERT, L. & MAELFAlT, J.-P., 1983. Spiders of the Walckenaer, 1837 Galapagos Islands. I. Mysmenidae (Araneae). Bulletin Sicaroides ultriformis (BUTLER, 1877) Sicarius = ofthe British arachno!ogica! Society, 6(3): 102-108. utriformis (BUTLER, 1877) Teuidis (?) pacifica (BANKS , 1902) = Anyphaenoides BAERT, L. & MAELFAIT, J.-P., 1984. Spiders from the pacifica (BANKS, 1902) Galapagos Islands. II. Mimetidae (Araneae). Bulletin Thalamia nieborowskii KuLCKZYNSKr, 1909 = Oecobius & Anna!es de la Sodete roya!e beige d 'Entomo!ogie, concinnus SIMON, 1892 120: 159-1 62. Theridion carolinum BUTLER, 1877 = Latrodectus BAERT, L. & MAELFAIT, J.-P., 1986. Spiders from the apicalis BUTLER, 1877 Galapagos Islands. III. Miscellaneous families. Bulletin Theridion interruptum BANKS, 1908 = Coleosoma ofthe British arachnological Society, 7(2): 52-56. ftoridanum BAN KS, 1900 Theridion rufipes LUCAS, 1846 = Neslicodes n!f1pes BAERT, L. & MAELFAJT, J.-P., 1986. Spider communities (LUCAS, l 846) of the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Actas Xe Congreso Theridium mixtum 0 .-P. CAMBRTDGE, 1898 = Tidarren Internacional de Aracno!ogia, Jaca!EspaFia, I 986, I: sisyphoides (Walckenaer, 1841 ) 183-188. Thomisoides utr(formis BUTLER, 1877 Sicarius BAERT, L. & MAELFAIT, J.-P., 1986. A contribution to the Utl'(formis (BUTLER, 1877) knowledge of the spider fauna of Galapagos (Ecuador). Tidarren mixtus 0.-P. CAMBRIDGE, J 898 Tidarren Bulletin van he! Koninklijk Belgisch lnstituut voor sisyphoides (WALCKENAER, 1841) Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie, 56: 93-1 23. Zelotes galapagoensis (BANKS, 1902) = Camil!ina cruz & PLA TNICK & SHADAB, 1982 BAERT, L. MAELFAIT, J.-P., 1997. Taxonomy, Zelotes galapagoensis (BANKS, 1902) = Camillina distribution and ecology of the lycosid spiders occmring galapagoensis PLATNJCK & SHADAB, 1982 on the Santa Cruz island, Galapagos Archipelago, 1 Zelotes galapagoensis (BANKS, 1902) = Camillina is/a Ecuador. Proceedings ofthe I 6 " European Colloquium PLATNICK & SHADAB, 1982 ofArachno!ogy : 1-11 . Ze/otes refonnans CHA1vrnERLIN, 1924 = Ze!otes /aetus BAERT, L. & NlAELFAIT, J.-P., 2000. Check list of the (0.-P. CAMBRIDGE, 1872) described spider species of the Galapagos Archipelago (Araneae). Bulletin van het Konink!ijk Be!gisch l nstituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Entomologie, 70: Galapagos Spider literature 243-245. (* Species cited from Galapagos without details of distribution) BAERT, L. & MAELFAJT, J.-P., 2002. The influence of the 97-98 El Nifi.o upon the Galapagos lycosid populations, BAERT, L., 1987. Spiders of the Galapagos Islands. Part and a possible role in spcciation. ln: ToFT, S. & Sc1 IARFF, IV. Miscellaneous fa milies II. Bulletin van het Konink!ijk N. (Editors). European Arachno!ogy 2000 : 51 -56. Belgisch Jnstituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, BAERT, L., HENDRICKX, F. & MA ELFAIT, J.-P., 2008. Entomologie, 57: 14 1-1 55. Allozyrne characterization of Hogna species (Araneae, BAERT, L., 1990. Spiders of the Galapagos. Part V. Lycosidae) of the Galapagos Archipelago. Th e Journal ofArachnology, 36: 41 1-417. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 71 BAERT, L., MAELFAJT, J.-P. & DESENDER, K., 1988. collection made Scripta, 25: 233-240. Museum a/Comparative Zoology, 157(5): 309-382. HUBER, B.L., 2000. New World pholcid spiders * LEv1, H.W., 2004. Comments and new records for the (Araneae: Pholcidae): A revision at generic level. American genera Gea and Argiope with the description Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, of new species (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the 254: 1-348. Museum ofComparative Zoology, 158(2): 47-65. KELLOG, V.L. , 1901. Insects and spiders of the Galapagos L UBIN, Y.D., 1975. Stabilimenta and batTier webs in the Islands. Psyche, IX, n° 299: 173-175. orb webs of Argiope a1gentata (Aranea, Araneidae) on Daphne and Santa Cruz islands. Journal o.fArachnology , * LEHTINEN, P.T., 1993. Polynesian Thomisidae - A 2: 119-126. meeting of Old and New World groups. Memoirs ofthe Queensland Museum, 33(2): 585-591. LUBIN, Y.D., 1983. An ant-eating crab spider from the Galapagos. Noticias de Galapagos, 37: 18- 19. * LEVI, H.W., 1957. The spider genera Enoplognatha, Th eridion, and Paidisca in America North of Mexico LUB£N, Y.D., 1985. Studies on the little fire ant, (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bulletin of the American Wasmannia auropunctata, in a Nino year. In : ROBINSON, Museum ofNatural History, 112(1): 5-123. G. & DEL P1No, E.M. (Editors), El Ni11o en fas Islas Galirpagos: El evento de 1982-1983, Fundaci6n * LEVI, H .W., 1959. The spider genus Coleosoma Charles Darwin, Quito, Ecuador: 473-793. (Araneae, Theridiidae). Breviora, 110: 1-8. MAELFAIT, J.-P. & BAERT, L., 1986. Observations sur Jes * LEVI, H.W., 1959. The spider genus Latrodectus Lycosides des Iles Galapagos. In : BAERT, L., JocQUE (Araneae, Theridiidae). Transactions of the American & MAEL FAIT, J.-P. (Editors). Comptes Rendus du IXeme Microscopica Society, 78(1): 7-43. Colloque Europeen d' Arachnologie. Memoires de la *LEVI, H.W., 1968. The spider genera Gea andA1-giope Societe royale beige d'Entomologie, 33: 139-142. in America (Araneae, Araneidae). Bulletin of the MARX, G., 1890. Arachnida. Jn: The Scientific results Museum of Comparative Zoology, 136(9): 319-352. of explorations by the U.S. Fish commission Steamer *LEVI, H.W., 1978. The American Orb-weaver genera Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Colphepeira, Micrathena and Gasteracantha North of Museum, 1889, XII: 207-211. Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum * MUMA, M.H., 1953. A study of the spider family o.f Comparative Zoology, 148(9): 147-442. Selenopidae in North America, Cenh·al America and the * LEVl, H.W., 1981. The American Orb-Weaver genera West Indies. American Museum Novitates, 1619: 55pp. Dolichognatha and Tetragnatha North of Mexico * OPELL, B.D., 1979. Revision of the genera and tropical (Araneae: Araneidae, Tetragnathidae). Bulletin of the American species of the spider family Uloboridae. Museum a/Comparative Zoology, 149(5): 271-3 18. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, * LEvI, H.W., 1992 .AmericanNeoscona and corrections 148(10): 443-547. to previous revisions of neotropical Orb-Weavers PECK, S.B., 1990. Eyeless artlu·opods of the (Araneae: Araneidae). Psyche, 99(2-3): 221-239. Galapagos islands, Ecuador: composition and origin * LEVT, H.W., 1995. The neotropical Orb-Weaver of the cryptozoic fauna of a young, tropical, oceanic genus Metazygia (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Archipelago. Biotropica, 22(4): 366-38 1. Museum of Comparative Zoology, 154(2): 63-151. P ECK, S.B. & FrNSTON, T.L., 1993. Galapagos Islands * LEvr, H.W., 1996. The American Orb Weavers troglobites: the questions of tropical h·oglobites, Hypognatha, Encyosaccus, Xyiethrus, gasteracantha, parapatric distributions with eyed-sister-species, and and Enacrosoma (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the their origin by parapah·ic speciation. Memoires de Museum a/Comparative Zoology, 155(3): 89-157. Biospeologie, Tome XX: 19-37. * LEVI, H.W., 1999. The neotropical and Mexican PECK, S.B. & SHEAR, W.A., 1987. A new blind orb Weavers of the genera Cyclosa and Allocyclosa cavemicolous Lygromma (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of the Galapagos Islands. The Canadian Entomologist, Comparative Zoology, 155(7): 299-379. 11 9(2): 105-108. LEVI , H.W., 2003. The bolas spiders of the genus PECK, S.B. & SHEAR, W.A., 1987. A new eyeless, Mastophora (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 73 stridulating Theridion spider from caves in the et en Ecuador. Resultats scientifiques, troisieme partie: Galapagos islands (Araneae, Theridiidae). The 11-22. Canadian Entomologist, 119: 881-885. Rorn, V.D. & CRArG, P.R., 1970. Arachnida of the PLATNICK, N.I. & MURPHY, J.A., 1987. Studies on Galapagos islands (excluding Acarina). In : LELEUP, Malagasy spiders. 3. The Zelotine Gnaphosidae N. & J. (Editors). Mission zoologique belge aux Iles (Araneae, Gnaphosidae), with a review of the genus Galapagos et en Ecuador. Resultats scientifiques, Camillina. American Museum Novitates, 2874: 1-3 3. deuxieme partie: 107-124. PLATNICK, N.I. & SHADAB, M .U., 1976. A revision of the spider genera Lygromma and Neozimiris (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2598: 1- LeonBAERT, 23. Frederik HENDRICKX, PLATNICK, N . & SHADAB, M.U., 1982. A revision of the Konjev DESENDER t American spiders of the genus Camillina (A.raneae, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2748: 1- Vautierstraat 29, 38. B-1 OOO Brnssels, Belgium [email protected] *RAMIREZ, M.J. & GRJSMADO, Ch.J., 1997. A review of the spider family Filistatidae in Argentina (Arachnida, Araneae), with a cladistic reanalysis of filistatid genera. Jean-Pierre MAELFAIT Entomologica scandinavica, 28: 319-349. Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC) RODRIGUES, E.N.L., BRESCOVlT, A.D., FREITAS, G.C.C. Ghent University & VASCONCELOS, S.D., 2008. Spiders of Fernando de Ledeganckstraat 3 5 Noronha island. Part I: Linypbiidae. Bulletin of the B-9000 Gent, Belgium Britisch arachnological Society, 14(5): 247-252. Rorn, V.D., 1976. Redescription of the marine spider Desis galapagoensis (Desidae). In : LELEUP, N . & J. (Editors). Mission zoologique beige aux Iles Galapagos -....} ..j::.. ~ ~ @ Q @ Q r-< Cih 0 t::::l to 51 ~" ~~ '--< ~ ~ ·.ci;; t::::l ~ ~ Q ~ . ~ G u"' ~ 6 6 " N l'~ fQ; @. ' <:::'.> <:::'.> ~ ~~ (SCHMIDT, ~ Map 9 - Distribution of Anyphaenoides katiae B AERT, 1995. Map I 0 - Distribution of A nyphaenoides octodenlala 197 1) . ~ 0.. ~ ~ ~ 0 Q ' ' ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ..E. ~ ~ < d tT1 ·.~ -, ~e·..~ \/) t!j) . Q .. ~ G• d tT1 ~ 6 6 " N !i]J. ~ ~- ,. Map 11 -Distribution of A11yphae11oides pac[fica (BANKS, 1902). Map 12 - Distribution of Arg iop e 01gentata (FABR1c1us, 1775). ~ @ Q ' © 11) S?. . en Q ~ ~ ::r d .£? ...... o' .....c 6. 6. 5· N ~ N :::i $:>) (fjJ . ::i <:::::) iP. 0. ~ i:l"' 8: Map 13 - Distribution of Argiope tr!fasciata (F oRSSKAL, 1775). Map 14 - Distribution of Cyclosa turbinata (W 1\LCKENAER, 1841)...... ~ "d @ get' ii ~ () (\) 0 ~ .. @ .. H-, ~ .gi a; (\) ....., en ,.--.,. ~ ~ (\) $:>) '-'(\) 0 H-, ~ Q CJ ~ d? & s:.i- "d 6. $:>) II 6. (JQ N 0 en @) . ~. ~ <:::::) Map 15 - Distribution of Eustala vegeta (L. KoCH, 1866). Map 16 - Distribution of Gasteracantha cancrijonnis (LINNAEUS, 1758). -....) V'I I I~ liJ ~ © c:;i c:;i © I I r Clh 0 :::i to 5:; v~ '-i (l) Al :::i I '"O . (ii ' G ~ G ::i u d (l) 6 b. ~ N ~ N trJ !fj) . !fj) . r ~ ~ <:::> >---< v>-l Map l 7 -Distribution of Mangora sp. I. Map 18 - Distribution of Mastophora rabida LEVI, 2003. Ip.~ (l) ...... ~ ::r:: ~ I I ~ tr:I zv © c:;i I I ~ ~ • n ~ Re ~ 0 2. (l) < v tr:I (/) ztr:I G . •e::J • v d ®f tr:I G ~ 6 N 6 N !fjJ . <:::> ® · ,. Map 19 - Distribution of Metazygia d11bia (KEvsERLING, 1864). Map 20 - Distribution of Metepeira desenderi BAERT,l 987. ~ l2i @> • @> Q ~@-· • • • 9 ~ CJ "'...,...... JJjJ "117 & ...... c 6 6 c:; N N :::i P> t:l . @ . ~ «& ~ 0.. §...... Map 21 - Distribution of Neoscona oaxacensis (K EYSERLI NG, J 863). Map 22 - Distri bulion of Creugas gulosus THORELL, 1878. ~ "d @ CP .--; ~ l2i l2i ..... () ('!) 0 @> Q @> Q >-+, ~ 'O"' 5: ('!) .--; "' I('!) P> °'-/('!) 0 .f!Y >-+, CJ ~· Cl 0 P> d ~ 6 6 'O N N ~ (jj; . @J. "' <:::::'.> <:::::'.> Map 24 - Distribution Desis galapagoensis HIR ST, 1925. Map 23 - Distribution of Creugas bellator (L. Koci-1, 1866). of -....} -....} -..l 00 ~ ~ @ Q @ Q l'(1), 0 0 IJ:j s; u~ '--< (1) ~ .,,I c;;· ~ a ;:::i d1l d (1) b, 6. N ~ N r'tI1 !fj). e>. G ~ ~...... , v....., >Tj Map 25 - Distribution of Emblynaformicaria BA ERT, 1987. Map 26 - Distribution of Phantyna remota (BANKS, 924). @ g. ~ ::r:: ~ ~ ~ Q @ Q ~ ()~ ~ R<> ?'i 0 2 . (1) ....l/lliilrl"'!"... ~ < ~ tJ tI1 (/) ~ CS) a a d1l ~ tI1 & :;:o b, 6. N " !f2;. !fj). ~ <"8 Map 27 - Distribution of Tivyna spatula (GERTSCH & DAVIS,l 937). Map 28 -Distribution of Dictyna sp. l. ii ~ ~ • ~ Q ~OA f!§J D . ·. G) . ·~ 9. VJ .....,. ~ ...., dfj7 ...... O"' G i:: .....,. 6 6 0 N N ::i § ~ . !fj; . Cl. g: ...... Map 29 - Distribution of Pike/iniafasciala (BANKS, 1902). Map 30 - Distribution of Cami//ina cruz PLA TNICK & S1-1ADAB, 1982. Er.....,. "Cl (i1 &...., (]) .. ~ ()::i (]) 0 ~ Q @> Q ...... , & (]) VJ "Cl 0.: (]) ;;; "'""">- ~ ;:;; ::i (]) '-'~ 0 '·©...... , Cl ~a P' G G ~ ~ "Cl 6 6 N N ~ 0 VJ 6>. ~ . <::::'.> I I ~ Map 31 - Distribution of Cami//ina ga/apagoensis (BANKS, 1902). Map 32 - Distribution of Cami//ina isabela Platnick & Murphy, 1987. -..) \0 + 00 fu 0 • @> G} r< (1), 0 t:l ~ to @> Q [;'.; v~ ~ t:l "'I '.::.". (1) I:<) ::! (1) Q &/ d 6 6 " " ~ {fj/ . r< G':> !fj; . <::::::> I-<~ v...., >rj t-1 Map 33 - Distribution of Camil!ina is/a PLAT NJCK & S 11ADA B, 1982. Map 34 - Distribution of Camillina p ecki B AERT, 1994. (1) 0.. (1) ~ fu ~ ~ @> Q @ Q ~ ~ ?, ~ .E. (1) < d trJ (/) G G Map 35 - Distrib ution o f Camillina sandrae BAERT, 1994. Map 36 - Distribution of Poecilochroa bifaciata B ANKS, 1902. fui ~ © Q ~ Q tJ a ("J) d)J 3". "' &~~ G o" ...... c 6. 6. c;· " " 0 § . @ . ~ G P G o- ~...... Map 37 - Distribution of Trachyzelotes kulckzynskii (B OSENBERG, J 902). Map 38 - DistTibution of Zelotes foetus (O .P.-C AMBRIDGE, 1872). ~ 'O "'1 (ll (ti> "'1 (ll ~ c:s ~ (') (ll 0 @> Q @> Q ...... , So (ll ("J) 'O 0.: (1) ~ ~ P:> c:s (ll P:> (ll "-../ 0 __;9 ...... , a a 0 P:> Map 39 - Distribution of Gnaphosidae sp. 1. Map 40 - Distribution of Gnaphosidae sp. 2. 00 00 N ~ ~ © Q © G r(1) , 0 ~ to )> trJ u~ "--' (1) § I '"rj ~· CJ CJ ...., G d!J @ 6. 6. N N r~ @ . @ . ;;: G G ~ u.....i "T1 Map 4 1 - Distribution of Eperigone sp. I . Map 42 - Distribution of Erigone alra (BLACKWALL, 1841. (il 0. (1) ~ ~ ~ ~ © Q @ G ~ () ~ Ro ~ J:!. (1) <: tj tri (/) CJ J.01 !@/ CJ ~ d!J trJ :::0 6. 6. N N fit;. @ . G G Map 43 - Distribution of Erigone miniata BAERT, 1990. Map 44 - Distribution of Laminacauda baerli MILLER, 2007. fu ~ © 0 I I ~ 0 . I.....~ a • "' d d I CT ' ...... s:: 6. 6. o· N N l::l ~ l::l @. ~ . 0. G ~ P"' ...... ~ Map 45 - Distribution of Meioneta albomaculata BAERT, 1990. Map 46 - Distribution of Meioneta arida B AERT, 1990. g "O ..... (1l ~ ..... (1l ~ l::l ~ 0 (1l 0 @:> 0 @:> 0 >-+, p:. (1l ~ 0.: (1l ..... "' ~ ~ l::l (1l ~ 0 >-+, a a Cl G d s:~ "O 6. 6. ~ N N 0 "' ~. !fjJ . G ~ Map 47 - Distribution of Meioneta galapagosensis BAERT, 1990. Map 48 - Distribution of Meioneta pinta B AERT, 1990. 00w I I~ ~ fu @> Q @> Q I I (1),r 0 :::i tJj 51 VCl '-< (1) ~ ;:::: .,,I . c;;· ~ ~ a tl Map 49 - D istribution of Meionela sp. I. Map 50 - Distribution of Meioneta sp. 2. I~ 0... (1) ~ fu I I fu I I~ © Q Q 1§ I I © I () ~ R:> ~ 0 ...... 0 ~ (1) ~0 0 < · ~ ~ ~ t1 trJ en . ctJ trJ ·G ~ a z t1 ...... ,0 © Q © Q & {1) Ul 'O ~ "1 Ul ~ 5:1> t:::I {1) $:>) '--'{1) 0 ...... , Cl ~ Cl Q $:>) G G ~ @! "Cl $:>) 6 (JC/ 6 N 0 " Ul IQ;. !f2;. -s <21 Map 55 - Distribution of Hogna espaF10/a BA ERT & M AELfAIT, 2008. Map 56 - Distribution of Hogna galapagoensis (B ANKS, 1902). 00 Vl 00 0\ ~ ~ @> G @> G t""' ( lh 0 ~ to G; ~~ ...... (i) § "tj' ~ a;· a a ~ d? d? (i) 6 6 N ~ N @ . ~ @ . ~ G G ...... ~>-l "Tj (il Map 57 - D istribution of Hogna hendrickxi BAERT & MAE LFAJT, 2008. Map 58 -D istribution of Hognajacquesbreli B AERT & MAELFAIT, 2008. p. {l) ~ ~ ~ ~ @> G @) G ~ (') ~ R<> ~ 0 .E. (i) < tJ tr1 en a ~ "1 tr1 ad ?::! 6 II 6 " @. @ . G G Map 59 - Distribution of Hogna j unco B AERT & MAELFA JT, 2008. Map 60 - Distribution of Hogna snodgrassi (BA NKS, 1902). ~ ~ @ Q © G ...... t:1 . tf.l G ~ Q q ...... @) Q Q I I ~ I I~ P" (ll tf.l 'i::I (ll5: ""! tf.l ~ ~ ~0 PJ (ll1:::1 PJ I (l) ~ '-" et; 0 . I ....., G ~ a PJ G G I p;:: 'i::I PJ 6 6 (1Q N ~ N I 0 tf.l Map 63 - Distribution of Calomyspoena santacruzi BAERT & MAELFAIT, Map 64 - Distribution of Eidmannella pallida (EMERTON, 1875). 1983. I ::3 00 00 ~ ~ @> Q @> Q L' Clh 0 t:l td G; ~- ~~ '--< (1) ~ 'eG) ::l ~ a;· c;:i ~ ..., G G (ii b. 6 " N ~ !fj) . L' ~ - G G ~ ~...., Map 65 - Distribution of Speocerajacquemarti B AERT & MAELFAIT, Map 66 - Distribution of Theotima galapagosensis B AERT & M AELFAIT, ...,'T1 (1) 1986. 1986. 0.. (l) ~ ~ ~ e~ @> Q ~ . ~ 8 Rei ~ 0 ..2. (1) ~ < t) tr:1 ·. ctJ [fJ ~ c;:i ~ -- &/ $ tr:1 @? ~ b. 6 N N ~ . Map 67- Distribution of Oecobius concinnus S IMON, l 893. Map 68 - Distribution of Gamasomorpha insularis SI MON, 1907. fu ~ @) G @ <;> t:J ...... a ~ CZl ~ · EI. ~ d"' 0- i:: !\ 5...... · 6 N N 0 ff);. ~ /f2). ~ 0.0 e:::0 O"' &...... ON, SIM ON, Map 69 - Distribution of lschnothyreus pelt(fer (SIM J 89 L). Map 70 - Distribution of Opopaea deserticola 1891. ~ "CS...., C1l (t> @ ~ fu {)0 C1l 0 @> @> >-+, G Q g. C1l ~ ~ ....,C1l en IC1l ~ ..._..C1l 0 >-+, a a a e. '17 '17 ~ "CS 6 6 ~ N N 0 CZl (fjJ. . ~ ~ ~ Map 7 L - D istribution of Opopaea !ena SUMAN, 1965. Map 72 - D ish·ibution of Orchestina sp. 1. \000 '-0 0 ~ ~ @) Q @ Q r(1), 0 I::! to ~ u~ '-; (1) § .,,I ...... (1l a a ::i G .,/// (1l /j, ~ N N r~ (fj; . @ . ~ <:2> ~ u>-3- '"rj Map 73 - Distribution of Silhouetella sp. l. Map 74 - Distribution of Triaeris stenaspis S IMON, 1891 . (il 0. (1l '"1 ~ ~ fil ~ ~ Q @ Q n~ ~ ~ ~ 0 '2. (ll < t:J tli (/) a a ~ G G tli ~ /j, ~ N N ff:!; . (fJ;. ~ <:2> Map 75 - Distribution of Oonopidae sp L. Map 76 - Distribution of Oonopidae sp. 2. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 91 ~ ~ 0 0 I 0 00 0.. ro ;:E 0 0 ...... ci.. "' -...~ © . ~ -i::: ~ ~ """'0 c ·.c0 ;::l .E..D i5"' I 0\c- 0.. ro ;:E \.0 fu fu tv @) Q @) Q l' ('1)- 0 l:l to ~ .~ '-< ('1) ~ l:l I >-o Cl Cl d d ~· 6. 6. N N ~ fQ}. fij; . l' <2'.> ~ ~ .>-l- "TJ Map 81 - Distribution of Philodromidae sp. 1. Map 82 - Distribution of Anopsicus banksi (GERTSCH, 1939). @ ~ ~ fu • ~ @) Q @) Q ~ 8 ~ ~ .E1. ('1) < C) CI1 en Cl ~ tr:! ~ d ~ 6. 6. " N ~ . ()) . ~ <:;'} Map 83 - Distribution of Aymaria conica (BANK S, 1902). Map 84 - Distribution of Aymariajloreana (GE RTSCH & P ECK, 1992). ~ ~ © Q © Q ti (;; ' a ~ CJ q- ...... o" d G c ...... 6. 6. c;· N ~ N ~ P:> D !fj) . . <:::) ~ <:::) 0.. D" ~ Map 85 - Distribution of Aymaria insularis (BA NKS, 1902). Map 86 - Distribution of Aymariaj armila (G ERTSCH & P ECK, 1992). g 'O "-1 (1) ~ ~ ~ g (') (1) 0 © Q © • H-i & (1) Cl> 'O ~ (1) "-1 Cl> ,.-... ~ ~ (1) P:> '-'(1) 0 H-i ~ CJ .. 0 P:> d d p;: 'O 6. 6. N N ~ ~ 0 !fj) . !fj) . Cl> <:::) <:::) Map 87 - Distribution of Galapa baerti (G ERTSCH & P ECK, 1992). Map 88 -Distribution of Galapa be/la (G ERTSCH & P ECK, 1992). \0 \.>..) "°-t>. ~ ~ © Q © Q r J~ ...... (1) g; I >i:i o· CJ ~G G @!- G ~ 6 6 N N (fj) . tQ;. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~>-1- >Tj Map 89 - Distribution of Metagonia bellavista G ERTSCH & PE CK, 1992 Map 90 - Distribution of Metagonia reederi GERTSCH & PECK, 1992. @ g. ~ ~ ~ ~ © • Q © e~ !<.<> ~ .B. ~ mt:1 Cll CJ d @! · ~G &/ ~ ~ 6 6 " N (j;. !f)J. ~ ~ Map 91 - Distribution of Modisimus culicinus (S IMON, 1893). Map 92 - Distribution of Modisimus modicus (G ERTSCH & PECK, 1992). fu fu @> Q @> G d ...... en 0 ff ~...... Map 93 - Distribution of Modisimus so/a GERTSCH & PECK, 1992. Map 94 - Distribution Physocyc/us globosus (TA CZANOWSKI, 1874). of ~ '"d ...... (l) ~ fu fu tlCil (") (l) ...... ,0 @> Q © Q & (l) en '9. 0.. (l) ...... r:n .--.. 2;' cp) (l) p) ...__,(l) ...... ,0 0 ./Y 0 .J.FJ 0 p) t.fi]/ t.fi]/ p;: '"d 6 6 p) N ~ " en ~. €1;. G G Map 95 - Dish·ibution of Pholcidae sp. L. Map 96 - Dish"ibution of Lygromma anops P ECK & SHEAR, 1987. \0 Vl \.0 O'I ~ ~ @> Q @ Q r(1), § to ~ u~ ~ - ~ § I ~ '·G _/?? (ll ;;:;) ~ 6... ~ tl ~ !Q;. @. r ~ -J "1:j >-t Map 97 - Dish·ibutioo of Neozimiris pinta PLATN ICK & S11ADAB, 1976. Map 98 - Distribution of Neozimiris pinzon P LATNJCK & SHADAB, 1976. (1) 0.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ @> Q ~ tt ~ (') ~ Ro P'i 0 .E. (1) ~ < t::; tr:1 [/) ·~·• • a ~ ~ di? tr:1 .tl :::0 6 6 N N !fp . . G ~ ~ Map 99 - Distributioo of Balmaceda estebanensis S tMON, 1903. Map 100 - Distribution of Darwinneon crypticus C UTLER, 1971. fu fu © G © G t:J c;;· ~ Cl Cl a-. G er' G @! s. 6. 6. c;· N N c:s § ~. (fj; . p.. <::::) I I ~ i:r 8: Map l 0 l - Distribution of Dendryphantinae sp. l. Map l 02 - DistTibution of Euoph1 ys vestita T ACZANOWSKJ, 1878. ~ l'g (1) ~ • g""! ~ () (1) s., © Q ...... i:r (1) Cll "Cl ~ {/)~ ~ Q ~ - II:> ~ c:s (1) II:> '-'(1) ··@ 0 >-+> ~ 0 II:> "'11 ~ QG "Cl 6. b, ~ " " {/) tp , rw. ~ <:t> Map 103 - Distribution of Frigga crocuta (TA CZANOWSKJ, 1878). Map 104 - DistTibution of Habronattus encantadas GRISWOLD, 1987. ID -...} \0 00 ~ ~ @> Q @> Q r(0 , § td ~ ~ u~ (D' ~ I -~ '"d ~~ ~· G d}l ~ (!) 6 6 N " @). ~ e . ~ % ~ >--< u>-) Map 105 - Distribution of Hasarius adansoni (A uoourN, 1826). Map 106 - Distribution of Helvetia insularis (BANKS, 1902). ~ 0.. (0 ...., ~ fu fu @> Q @> Q I0 ~ Ro ~ .E. (!) < ti trJ [/) G G ~ dJJ d}l trJ 6 6 ::::0 N " (fj; . fQ). G G Map 107 - Distribution of Menemerus bivitLatus (DUFOUR, 183 1) . Map J 08 - Distribution of Phanias distans BANKS, 1924. ~ l2i ~ • @> Q t:1 c;;· Cl G ~Q G R" ~ ~ ...... 6 6 5· N N p ~. @) . p.~ '8 '8 i:;- ~..... Map 109 - Distribution of Philaeus pacificus B AN KS, l 902. Map 110 - Distribution of Plexippus paylat!li (AuDOUIN, 1826). g ~ (ti> ...... ~ ~ g (J) 0 @> Q @> • ...... , & (J) Cf.I 'O 5: (J) ...... Cf.I I(J) p) ~ ,...,0 Cl ~ 0 E. G & p) 6 6. 'O N " c& (fj; . f2;. Cf.I '8 «::::) Map 111 - Distribution of Saitis sp. 1. Map 112 - Distribution of Sitticus phaleralus GALLANO & B AERT, 1990. \0 \.Q >---' 0 ~ ~ 0 ® G ® Q l'(1), 0 I::! lJ:j F;j ~c u~ '-< (1) § I "1:1...... ··G (1) Cl ~ Cl G G ~ /J. /J. ~ IJ ~ " /fj). /fj). l' ~ <::> I I ~ ...... u>-3 'T1 Map 113 - D istri bution of Sitticus tenebricus GA LIANO & B AERT, L990. Map 114 - Dish·ibution of Sitticus uber G ALIANO & B AERT, 1990. (ti 0.. (i> ::i. ~ ::q fu ~ @ Q © Q ~ CJ ~ ~ ~ .B. (i> ~c < t1 t:TJ ·.c5) Cl.l a Cl ~ G G t:TJ iO /J. /J. N " If}; . /fj). ~ <::> Map LL S - Distribution of Sitticus sp. 1. Map 116 - Distribution of Salticidae sp. 1. ~ ~ © Q © Q t:J 1:3 .J0J en a ff er ~ G i:: ;::t. ~ ~ N II § ~ (fj) . !fJ; . 0.. <::::'.> <:!::) g: ~· Map l 17 -D istri bution of Salticidae sp. 2. Map 118 - Distribution of Salticidae sp. 3 . .-.. l>g ('1) ~ (il fu ~ [:; ('1) g, © • © • g. ('1) ~ a: ('1) .... en ~ ~ ('1) Cl) ~ 0 _/Y l'-11 1:3 a 0 Cl) ~ G iii: "O ~ ~ Cl) N tl l)Q 0 en ~. ~ . <::::'.> <:!::) ,_.. Map I L9 - Distribution of Scytodes f 11sca W ALCKENA ER, 1837. Map 120 - D istribution of Scytodes longipes LucAs, 1845. 0,_.. >--' 0 fu N • © Q t""' ('!). 0 :::i ~ tJ:j @> 0 51 v~ y ('l) § ~ ~· I::<) ,_. '1fl cti G !>:. 6. N ~ " L' @. . G ~ ~ ~ v>-J >Tj Map J 2 l - Distri bution of Ariadna tarsalis BA NKS, 1902. Map 122 - Distribution of Selenops galapagoensis B ANKS, 1902. ,..., (1) 0... (1) ,..., ~ ~ fu ~ © Q © Q ~ () ~ ~ ~ 2. ('l) < t:1 tr:1 (/) ~ ~ • ~ tr:1 d d :;i;; 6. 6. II ~ N fij) ' !jJ;. ~ <& Map 123 - Distribution of Loxosceles laeta (N 1coL ET, I 849). Map J 24 - Distribution of Sicarius urr{formis (B UTLER, 1877). fu fi © Q ~ Q ~~ t:1 c;;· a ·~ a S'. .£? d 0- §.. 6 6 0 N t::l " II) @). . <:;'.> ~ [ ~ t::r' ...... ~ Map 125 - Distribution of Heteropoda venatoria (LINNAE US, 1767). Map 126 - Distribution of Olios galapagoensis B ANKS, l 902. g I~ Cl> ~ & ~ g {') Cl> ....,0 @> Q © Q g. Cl> -9. 0.. ~ ICl> II) ..._,Cl> ....,0 a ~ a 0 G ...... Map 127 - Distribution of Anapistula secreta GERTSCH, l94 l. Map l28 - Distribution of G/enognatha mae(faiti B AERT, 1987. 0w ...... 0 ~ ii ~ © Q @> Q re(b, 0 ;::::l tD ~ u~ ~ b .!c a ~ a ~- &? @!) G 6. 6. N " ~ @ . ~ ~ ~ @> Q Q @> s~ ~ g; .2. a a G G ~ ~ 6. b. " " @ . @ . ~ ~ Map 13 1 - Distribution of Telragnatha nilens (Auoou1N, 1826). Map 132 -Distribution of Achaearanea dromedar{/ormis (Ro EWER, 1942). fi fu ~ Q © Q ...... ti a Cll ~~ :::t G @) · d1? & .....c 6 6 5· " N t:l $:1) (j)) . (j)) . t:l <:8 0.. <:8 ::I" g. s· Map 133 - Distribution of Achaearanea hirta (TACZANOWSKI, J873). Map l 34 - Distribution of Achaearanea orana L EVI, 1963. rt '"d ""1 (1) ~ ""1 lt ~ (1) 0 ' ~ © • ...+, . s- (1) ~ 0.: (1) ;;i ~ ~ $:1) ~ ··@·0 $:1) ~ . ~ 0 ...+, ~ t(flV_6) . • ~ G $:1>• 'i:l- /::., 6 $:1) N N OQ 0 f). Cll ~ ~- ~ ...... Map 135 - Distribution of Argyrodes elevatus TACZ/\NOWSKI, J 873. Map 136 - Distrib ution of Coleosomajloridanum BA NKS, 1900. 0 VI ,_.. 0 fu Ii O'I @> Q ~ ~ r ~- 0 ::.1 b:J ?;; ~ v~ '--< ~ p:> 0 ·.~ .;, a d? • &!/ ~· fJ. fJ. N " ~r @. ~. <::.::) ~ <::::'.> ...... v>-3 Map 137 - Distribution of Faiditus sullana (ExuNE, 1945). Map 13 8 - Distribution of Latrodectus apicalis B UTLER, 1877. 0.~ ~ ~ fu fu ~ @> Q @> • ~ 8 Re ~ 2 . ~ t) tr1 C/J a ~ a G m~ d ::::0 fJ. fJ. N ~ N @'. ~ . <::.::) <::::'.> Map 139 - Distribution of Latrodectus geometricus C.L.KoCH, 1841. Map 140 -D istribution of Nesticodes rufipes (LUCAS, 1846). fu ~ @> Q @> Q a I~ .:;:i ::z d d & ~ b. !::. ::;· N 0 " po @ . ({J;. ::: ~ 0.. ~ t:r' ....~ ...... Map 141 - Distribution of Phycosoma sp. 1. Map 142 - Distribution of Rhompaeafictilium (HENTZ, 1850). ~ "Sl Cl> ....,~ Ii Cl> 5(1) 0 ' @> Q 0 • ....., et Cl> (/) 'O 0: Cl> ;:i ,,.-.._ c.-po ~ ~ 8, a Cl -~~ po ~ ~ E.): ~ 'O !::. !::. c§ " " (/) ®? tJ;. . ~ ~ >-' Map 143 - Distribution of Theridion calcynatum HOLMBERG, 1876. Map 144 - Distribution of Theridion coldeniae BAERT& MAELFAIT,19 86. 0 -.....) >--' 0 fu fu 00 @> Q @> Q l' (1>- 0 ~ to ~ u~ '--< Cll ~ ~ ~ c;;· Cl Cl ::1 d d a) b. b. N N ~ i)J . @ . l' G <:;) ~ u~ "1'1 Map 145 - Distribution of Theridion myersi L EVI, 1957. Map 146 - Distribution of Theridion strepitus PECK & SHEAR, 1987. @ p.. Cll ~ fu ~ ~ @) G @> Q ~ (") ~ R<> ~ ..2. (l) < tl tTl (/) tTl Cl Map 147 - Distribution of Tidarren sisyphoides (W ,\L CKENAER, 1842). Map 148 - Distribution ofTheridiidae sp. I. ~ ~ @> • ~ Q 9. ~ Cll Cl .. :::z d · d & .....c 6, ~ 6, c;· N N ::i P> IQ). ~. G G 5. gP""' Map 149 - Distribution of Mecaphesa inclusa (BANK S, 1902). Map 150 - Distribution of Tmarus stolzmanni l<.EYSERLING, 1880. §: 'O ""1 0 ...... ,0 @> Q @> Q ,...,. P""' 0 .gj p: 0 ""1 Cll ~ 0 ~ 0 H-, Cl ~ Cl d}l:-- ·. Q 0 . ~ P> d ~ 'O 6, 6, P> (JQ " ~ N 0 Cll @ . ~ @ , ~ ,_. Map l 51 - Dish·ibution Goeldia obscura (KEYSE RLI NG, 1878). G ERTSCH, 0 of Map 152 - Distribution of Uloborus segregatus 1936. \0 ...... ~ fu 0 @ Q @ ~ r (ll , 0 l=l ~, t:d ~ v~ @)·~~ ~ ~ ;::; I '"t1 c;;· G ~·@ :::::; d ~ ~ d1l (1) 6. 6. N N ~ © . @;. r G ~ ~ >--< v...., 'rj Map 153 - Distribution of Zosis geniculatus (OuvIER, 1789). Map 154 - Distribution of Odo galapagoensis BANKS, 1902. (6 0.. ~ ~ fu fu I @ G @> Q ~ 0 ~ Ro ~ 0 0 '-'--'· (1) < 0 trJ Cl.l ~ ~ ~ d d trJ Id 6. 6. N " fQJ. !fjJ . G G Map 155 - Distribution of Odo insularis BA NKS, 1902. Map 156 -Distribution of Odo sp. I. Distribution and habitat preference of the spiders (Araneae) of Galapagos 11 1 !fjJ . Map 15 7 - Distribution of Odo sp. 2.