Biota-Fapesp Program

KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BRAZILIAN BIODIVERSITY: BIOTA-FAPESP PROGRAM

THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION

KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BRAZILIAN BIODIVERSITY: BIOTA-FAPESP PROGRAM

SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL 2008 THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Celso Lafer President

José Arana Varela Vice-president

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Celso Lafer Eduardo Moacyr Krieger Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald Horácio Lafer Piva José Arana Varela José de Souza Martins José Tadeu Jorge Luiz Gonzaga de Mello Belluzzo Sedi Hirano Suely Vilela Sampaio Vahan Agopyan Yoshiaki Nakano

EXECUTIVE BOARD

Ricardo Renzo Brentani Chief Executive

Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz Scientific Director

Joaquim José de Camargo Engler Administrative Director

Catalogação-na-publicação elaborada pelo Centro de Documentação e Informação da FAPESP

Knowledge and sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: Biota-FAPESP Program / The State of São Paulo Research Foundation. – São Paulo : FAPESP, 2008. 208 p. : il. ; 21 cm.

Tradução de: Conhecimento e uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira: o Programa Biota-FAPESP

1. FAPESP. 2. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento – São Paulo. 3. Ciência. 4. Tecnologia. 5. Projetos de pesquisa – São Paulo (Estado). 6. Biodiversidade. 7. Sustentabilidade. I. The State of São Paulo Research Foundation. II. Título: Biota-FAPEP Program.

CDD 507.208161 03/08

Depósito Legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Lei no 10.994, de 14 de dezembro de 2004. The foundations for environmental conservation

Brazil is the country with the greatest biodiversity, being home to between 15 and 20 per cent of the total number of species on the planet, in six large biomas: Amazonia, Caatinga, Atlantic Rainforest, Cerrado, Pantanal and Pampa. The exact dimension of this biological wealth will probably never be known, given the continental dimensions of the country, the extent of its marine platform and the complexity of its ecosystems. A considerable part of this patrimony has been, and continues to be, irreversibly lost, even before it was known, due principally to the fragmentation of habitats, excessive exploitation of natural resources and contamination of the ground, the waters and the atmosphere.

Knowledge and conservation of these biomas and their flora, fauna and microorganisms is essential, for the very preservation of life on the planet. Aware of this, the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), one of Brazil’s principal agencies for the funding of scientific and technological research, has played an outstanding role in these endeavors to map the biodiversity in the State of São Paulo. Located in the southeast of Brazil, on the frontier between tropical and subtropical regions, São Paulo presents an enormous topographical and climatic diversity, representing an area of transition (ecoto- ne) between two biomas – Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado – with different ecosystems and enormous biological richness.

In addition to supporting individual projects which lead to a better understanding of Brazilian nature, as it has done for more than four decades, FAPESP supports projects of long duration, with multi-institutional bases, such as the thematic Phanerogamic Flora of the State of São Paulo, a survey of the diversity of plants with flowers begun in 1994, which uncovered a large number of new species and the results of which are being published.

In 1999, working closely with the scientific community, FAPESP created the Biota- FAPESP Program, aimed not only at discovering, mapping and analyzing the origins, diversity and distribution of the flora and fauna of the State of São Paulo, but also at evaluating the possibilities of sustainable exploitation of plants or animals with economic potential and assisting in the formulation of conservation policies on forest remnants. In nine years, the Program has supported 84 projects – including Thematic Projects, Support for Regular Research or awards developed in the Support for Young Researchers Program – and 400 grants, ranging from Scientific Initiation to Post-doctorate . This publication includes information on projects approved under Biota-FAPESP since the start of the program on March, 25 1999, up to July 2008. It also includes a collection of features on the Program, published in Pesquisa FAPESP magazine. L H Biota-FAPESP Program

The Biota-FAPESP Program has been called the Virtual Institute of Biodiversity owing to the form of its organization, integrating researchers from several institutions and their students. Scientists from the leading public universities in the State of São Paulo, research institutes and non-governmental organizations participate in projects to discover, map and analyze the biodiversity distributed in land and marine environments and in other ecosystems, as well as proposing alternatives and public policies to preserve it. Biota- FAPESP involves around 1,200 professionals (900 researchers and students from São Paulo, 150 collaborators from other states and 80 from abroad). The 84 research projects supported have resulted in the identification and description of 500 new species of plants and animals, the training of 180 masters and 60 PhDs, information records on more than 12 thousand species and databases with the contents of 35 biological collections. An endeavor that can be translated into the publication of 700 articles in scientific periodicals, 20 books and two atlases.

The information produced by the Biota-FAPESP Program (www.biota.org.br) is in databases open to the scientific community of Brazil and abroad. Standardization of the collections has made it possible to construct the Environmental Information System, SinBiota (http://sinbiota.cria.org.br), which registers and integrates the collections of plants or animals carried out in the State of São Paulo, with geographical coordinates of thousands of species, which may be consulted using the scientific name of the plant or animal, or the name of the collector, or the locality or date of collection. It is also possible to see the geographical distribution of the points of collection since SinBiota is laid out on a cartographic base detailing remnants of native vegetation, refo- rested areas with exotic species (Pinnus and Eucalyptus), conservation units, the river and road networks and the urban areas. This is the second database: the Biota-FAPESP Program Atlas, which incorporates the Forest Inventory of São Paulo, a survey coordinated by the Forestry Institute. Elaborated on the basis of field surveys, aerial photos and satellite images, the Inventory monitors the area occupied by remnants of native vegetation in the State of São Paulo.

Based on a larger system, Species Link (http://splink.cria.org.br), has accumulated 2 million records of data resulting from research activities or contained in archives of national and foreign biological collections.

Other developments of Biota-FAPESP are the electronic scientific magazine Neo- tropica (www.biotaneotropica.org.br), with the relevant results of studies on biodiversity in the Neotropical region, associated or not with the Program, and the Biota Network of Bioprospection and Biotrials (BIOprospecTA – www.bioprospecta.org.br), which integrates research groups in the State of São Paulo engaged, directly or indirectly, with the prospection of new compounds of economic interest in microorganisms, macroscopic fungi, plants, invertebrates (including marine) and vertebrates. In 2007, in conjunction with the Ministry of State for the Environment, the Program produced the book Guidelines for the conservation and restoration of the State of São Paulo (launched in November 2008) and a series of maps which constitute the scientific support to orient the strategies of conservation, preservation and restoration of the native biodiversity in the State of São Paulo. Based on the book and on the maps – especially the map of Priority Areas for Increasing Connectivity (see at the end of the publication) –, the Ministry of State for the Environment established, by means of a resolution (SMA – 14), in March 2008, the procedures for the suppression of native vegetation for the division of land into lots or any building in urban areas, laying down that the analysis of all requests for use of areas with native Forest should be based on the categories of importance for the preservation and creation of conservation units as defined by the publication coordinated by the Biota- FAPESP program. In September of the same year, a joint resolution of the ministries of the Environment and of Agriculture and Supplies (SMA – SAA 004) laid out the technical guidelines for the licensing of enterprises from the sugar-alcohol sector in the State of São Paulo, based also on data produced by the Biota-FAPESP Program.

FAPESP: in step with social and economic development

FAPESP’s strategy for promoting science and technology in the State of São Paulo adheres to three principles: the training of human resources, support for academic research – especially fundamental in nature, and support for research undertaken with a view to applications. At the same time, the Foundation has maintained, from the date it was instituted, its commitment to promoting the dissemination and application of results of the investments it makes in research in all areas of knowledge. In this role as inducer and promoter of applications of science, the Foundation acts in harmony with the aspira- tions of the São Paulo and Brazilian society and the country’s needs for social and economic development. To achieve its mission of training qualified human resources and generating knowledge, FAPESP has different lines of funding: grants, at different levels and in different moda- lities, and financial support for regular and thematic research projects, awarded to researchers at doctoral level in research institutes or institutions of higher education in the State of São Paulo. In research geared to applications the Foundation supports academic projects geared to specific themes, such as biodiversity, neuroscience, bioenergy and global climate changes, and also the linking up of academic research with research in businesses or in government, or even research projects in small enterprises.

The Biota-FAPESP Program is multidisciplinary and includes principally Thematic Projects – of long duration and with extensive objectives – Support for Regular Research and projects from the Young Researchers in Emerging Centers. Working alongside expe- rienced scientists, around 400 grant-holders are making contributions to the scientific dis- coveries of Biota-FAPESP. MINISTRY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT MINISTER’S OFFICE

PUBLISHED ON 14-03-88 – SECTION I – PAGE.36 RESOLUTION SMA-14 OF 13 MARCH 2008.

Defines procedures for the suppression of native vegetation for the division of land into lots for any building in the urban area.

The MINISTER OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, in the use of the powers invested in him by Article 94 of the State Decree nº 30,555, of 3 October 1989: Considering the establishment in article 14 paragraph “a” of the Federal Law nº 4,771, of 15 September 1965, which defines in addition to the general precepts to which use of the forests is subject, The Federal or State Public Authority may prescribe other norms which meet local peculiarities; Considering the convenience of defining the basic criteria and general guidelines for the granting of authorizations for the suppression of native vegetation in order to divide land into lots or any building for urban use; Resolves: Article 1 - The authorization for the suppression of native vegetation for the division of land into lots or for any building in the urban area, in this last case excepting those building for Works of public interest the object of Resolution SMA 13-2008, should comply with what is laid down in this Resolution and other pertinent legal norms, by means of the presentation of a specific technical study.

Article 2 - The authorization for the suppression of native vegetation for dividing land into lots or any building in the urban area may be granted by meeting the following conditions:

I) authorization may only be conceded for the suppression of vegetation when the preservation of native vegetation in the corresponding area is guaranteed to correspond to, at least, 20% of the area of the property. II) with respect to that stipulated in clause I, the authorization for the suppression of vegetation may be granted for up to 70 % of the area of the fragment of native vegetation existing in the property, in the case of vegetation in the initial stage of regeneration, and for up to 50 % of the area of the fragment of vegetation existing in the property, in the case of native vegetation in the medium stage of regeneration. III) with respect to that stipulated in clause I, in the case of property located on the urban perimeter defined before the publication of Federal Law 11,428-2006, the suppression of vegetation in advanced stage of regeneration may be granted for up to 30% of the area occupied by the fragment of native vegetation existing on the property. IV) the remaining vegetation on the property should be annotated in the margin of the registration of the property in the competent Land Registry Office as Green Area, with annotation being exempt in the case of lots less than 1,000 m2 in area. § 1 - Areas of permanent preservation can be annotated as Green Areas, in accordance with Resolution CONAMA 369-2006. § 2 - Where two or more stages of regeneration exist within the property which is the subject of analysis, the criteria will be applied which corresponds to the more advanced stage of regeneration. § 3º - In dealing with property located in the urban perimeter defined after the publication of Federal Law 11428-2006 the suppression of native vegetation in advanced stage of regeneration will not be authorized.

§ 4 - In petitions requesting the suppression of vegetation for lots located in established construction sites, the Green Areas existing in the construction site should be verified, which if covered by native vegetation could be considered for the purpose of meeting the percentage of vegetation to be preserved, taking into account, in these cases, the total area of the fragment of vegetation existing within the construction site, as well as the total area of the construction site. Article 3 - The authorization for the suppression of native vegetation for the division of land into lots or for any building in the urban area, will only be granted when in confor- mity with the Urban Development Plan or through authorization from the Municipality. Article 4 - In the processes of licensing properties devoid of native vegetation a Green Area should be constituted corresponding to, at least, 20% (twenty per cent) of the total terrain.

Sole paragraph – in the case of an area covered in native vegetation not existing in the percentage envisaged in the ordinance, a signed commitment will be required for the forestry recomposition of the green area through the planting of native species, allowing planting of exotic species as pioneers. Article 5 - In the technical analysis of the requests for the suppression of vegetation the locality of the vegetation to be suppressed should be evaluated to ascertain whether it is located in areas indicated for preservation and creation of conservation units of complete protection or in priority areas for the establishment of urban green areas, legal reserves or private reserves of the national patrimony and for the restoration of ecological corridors linking up fragments of native vegetation, in accordance with the “Project Guidelines for Conservation and Restoration of Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo”, coordinated by the Biota-FAPESP Program. Sole paragraph – In the case of requests for suppression of vegetation in areas indicated in the ordinance, supplementary compensatory measures may be demanded in relation to the ecological importance of the fragment.

Article 6 - This regulation comes into force on the date of its publication, revoking previous dispositions.

FRANCISCO GRAZIANO NETO Minister of State for the Environment MINISTRY OF STATE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT MINISTER’S OFFICE

PUBLISHED ON 20-09-08 – SECTION I – PAGE 93-94

JOINT RESOLUTION SMA-SAA N 004 OF 18 SEPTEMBER 2008.

Defines Agro-environmental Zoning for the sugar-alcohol sector in the State of São Paulo.

The Ministers of State for the Environment and for Agriculture and Supplies, in the use of the powers invested in them, Considering the importance of sugarcane activity in the State of São Paulo and its growing expansion, in compliance with the terms of the Agro- environmental Protocol signed between the Government of São Paulo and the sector; Considering the need to refine the procedures for environmental licensing of sugar-alcohol enterprises and the management of agricultural areas, and to stimulate the sustainable production of ethanol respecting natural resources and controlling pollution, with socio-environmental responsibility; Considering the need for regulation of the technical criteria for the establishment of conditions and differentiated requirements in processes of environmental licensing;

RESOLVE:

Article 1 – Agro-environmental Zoning for the sugar-alcohol sector in the State of São Paulo is defined, in accordance with the annexed map, which establishes the following classification for areas:

I – Adequate, which corresponds to the territory with edaphoclimatic suitability favorable to the development of the cultivation of sugarcane and without specific environmental restrictions;

II – Adequate with Environmental Restrictions, which corresponds to the territory with edaphoclimatic suitability favorable to the cultivation of sugarcane and incidence of Areas of Environmental Protection – (AEP); areas of medium priority for the increase of connectivity in accordance with the indication of the Biota-FAPESP Project; and hydrographic basins considered critical;

III – Adequate with Environmental Restrictions, which corresponds to the territory with edaphoclimatic suitability favorable to the cultivation of sugarcane and with incidence of buffer zones of the Integral Protection Conservation Units – IPCU; areas of high priority for the increase of connectivity indicated by the Biota-FAPESP Project; and areas of high vulnerability of subterranean waters in the State of São Paulo, in accordance with publication IG-CETESB-DAEE - 1997; and IV – Inadequate, which corresponds to State and Federal Integral Protection Conservation Units – IPCU; to fragments classified as of extreme biological importance for conservation, indicated by the Biota-FAPESP Project for the creation of Integral Pro- tection Conservation Units – IPCU; to Wild Life Zones in the Areas of Environmental Protection – AEPs; to the areas with edaphoclimatic restrictions for the cultivation of sugarcane; and to areas with declivity of more than 20%.

Article 2 – The units of the Ministries for the Environment and for Agriculture and Supplies should take into consideration this mapping for the development of their activities in their respective fields of action.

Article 3 – This regulation comes into force on the date of its publication.

FRANCISCO GRAZIANO NETO Minister of State for the Environment

JOÃO DE ALMEIDA SAMPAIO FILHO Minister of State for Agriculture and Supplies Summary

Thematic Projects – Biota, 17 11 Lepidoptera of the State of São Paulo: diversity, distribuition resources and use for environmental analysis and monitoring, 25 AGRONOMY 1 Vegetal biodiversity and edaphic 12 Strengthening of the Biota-FAPESP organisms in ecosystems of natural information system and study of the and impacted narrowleaf Brazilian development of a GIS for the Program, 25 pine in the State of São Paulo, 19 13 The conservation feasibility of the BIOLOGY cerrado remnants in São Paulo State, 26 2 Fauna and flora of remanant forest 14 Biodiversity conservation in fragments in northwestern São Paulo State: fragmented landscapes at the atlantic basis for biodiversity conservation studies, 19 plateau of São Paulo (Brazil), 26

BOTANY 15 Structure and functioning of hydrographic 3 Phycological flora in the State of São Paulo, 20 basins of meso - and micro - scale in the State of São Paulo: bases for generating 4 Conservation and sustainable use of the plant and sustaining biodiversity, 27 biodiversity from the Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest: the storage carbohydrates and their 16 Diversity, dynamic and conservation role on the adaptation and maintainance of trees in forests in the State of São Paulo: of plants in their natural habitat, 21 studies in permanent plots, 28

5 Morphological, anatomical, histochemical and 17 Ethnoecology of the sea and of the land on ultra-structural studies in plants of the Cerrado the São Paulo coast of the Atlantic Rainforest: (lato sensu) in the State of São Paulo, 22 fishing areas and use of natural resources, 28

6 Atlantic Rainforest aromatic in São Paulo State: 18 Atlantic Ombrophylus Dense Forest: chemical composition of volatile oils floristic composition, structure and functioning and biological activity analysis, 23 within the Serra do Mar State Park, 29

7 Embryogenetic studies as a basis 19 Biodiversity and sustainable use of pollinators, for strategies of reproduction with emphasis on Meliponini bees, 29 and conservation of tree species, 23 GENETICS 8 Diversity of red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) 20 Monitoring and enlargement of the germplasm of São Paulo State, Brazil, based bank of medicinal plants of the Cerrado, 30 on barcoding, morphology and geographic distribution (Rhodo-SP), 23 GEOSCIENCES

ECOLOGY 21 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction (phase 2): Cerrado and land use changes, 30 9 Species and interaction diversity in plants and phytophagous insects, 24 MICROBIOLOGY 10 Diversity of zooplankton in relation to the 22 Molecular ecology and polyphasic conservation and degradation of the aquatic taxonomy of bacteria of environmental and ecosystems in the State of São Paulo, 24 agroindustrial importance, 31 23 Diversity of endophytic microorganisms 35 Systematics evolution and conservation and their biotechnical potentia, 31 of eastern brazilian mammals, 38

24 Biodiversity and functional activities 36 Biodiversity of Isoptera and Humenoptera, 39 of microorganisms from mangrove of São Paulo State, 32 37 Benthic marine biodiversity in the State of São Paulo, 39 CHEMISTRY 38 Diversity of mites of agricultural importance 25 Conservation and sustainable use of the and other arthropods associated with them plant biodiversity from the Cerrado and in the State of São Paulo, 40 the Atlantic Rainforest: chemical diversity and prospecting for potential drugs, 33 39 Biodiversity of Arachnida and Myriapoda of the State of São Paulo, 40 26 Sustainable use of the brazilian biodiversity: chemical and pharmacological 40 Diversity and conservation of the reptile prospection on higher plants, 33 fauna in the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest, 41

27 Conservation and sustainable use 41 Evolution of the southeastern brazilian of the diversity from Cerrado and Atlantic reptile fauna from cretaceous: paleontology, Rainforest: chemical diversity and prospecting phylogeny and biogeography, 41 for potential drugs – phase I, 34 42 Geographic limits and causal agents of 28 Search for potential antitumoral, antioxidant, Diptera endemism in the Atlantic Rainforest, 42 antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, acetylcholInesterase and mieloperoxidase 43 Survey and biology of aquatic inhibitory natural compounds from Cerrado Insecta and Oligochaeta in lotic and Atlantic Rainforest, 34 systems in the state of São Paulo, 43 29 Native and cultivated passifloras in Brazil. Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and Young Researchers in pharmacological evaluations concerning popular Emerging Centers – Biota, 45 uses and development of local phytomedicines, 34

30 Bioprospection in fungi: the search of lead ECOLOGY compounds for drug design and enzymes for 1 Spatial components of the diversity of pharmaceutical and industrial applications, 35 aquatic insects in streams of the Atlantic Rainforest in the State of São Paulo, 47 31 Bioprospection of the brazilian arthropods fauna searching for leader drugs for rational development 2 Effects of the Forest fragmentation in the State of novel pharmaceuticals and pesticides, 35 of São Paulo and other regions of the south and southeast of the country in the functioning FOREST RESOURCES AND FOREST ENGINEERING of populations of fig trees and in the fig-wasp 32 Inventory methods of the mutualism of figs, 47 biodiversity of tree species, 36 OCEANOGRAPHY ZOOLOGY 3 Blooming of potentially harmful microalgae 33 Fish diversity of the headwaters and on the coast of the State of São Paulo, 47 streams of the upper Paraná river system in State of São Paulo, Brazil, 37 CHEMISTRY 4 Chemical, biological and biosynthetic 34 Survey and biology São Paulo state of benthic evaluation of species of red macroalgae freshwater insects and oligochaetes, 38 of the Bostrychia (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) genus, 48 5 Studies on the biotransformation of pentacyclic 8 Taxonomic aspects of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) triterpenes by filamentous fungi and in the southeast region of Brazil, 56 evaluation of the antitumoral and trypanocide activities of the derivates , 49 ECOLOGY 9 Biodiversity of interaction between 6 Obtaining structural analogues of pimaradienoic fruit-eating vertebrates and plants of the acid through the process of fungal Atlantic Rainforest of southeast Brazil, 56 biotransformation and study of the effect of these metabolites on the activity of the TcDHODH enzyme and on the contraction of the vascular 10 Fish and fishing in the Atlantic smooth muscle of the aorta artery of mice, 49 Rainforest in the south of the State of São Paulo (Brazil), 57 ZOOLOGY 11 Floristic and structural characterization 7 Evaluation of the biotic integrity of of six fragments of the seasonal the rivers of the northwest region of the semidecidual forest in the environmental State of São Paulo, Alto Paraná basin, protection area of Souzas and using communities of fish, 49 Joaquim Egídio, Campinas, SP, 58

12 Diagnosis of populations of birds and Support for Regular Research – Biota, 51 cynegetic mammals in the conservation units of the São Paulo Atlantic Rainforest, 58 BIOPHYSICS 13 Physiognomic survey of the benthic marine 1 Use of HTS tests in the identification of leading communities of consolidated substrate compounds of natural products and approaches in the State of São Paulo, 58 to rational planning of medicines for selected targets of parasitic diseases, 53 14 Biodiversity and social processes in São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP, 59 BIOLOGY 2 Qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical 15 Environmental information system of studies in traditional communities in the PETAR – the Biota-FAPESP Program: development Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park and of indicators for monitoring, updating of its environs, Iporanga, SP, 53 the titles of the cartographic base and upgrading of the Biota Neotropica magazine, 59 3 Bioluminescent coleopterans (fireflies) of the Atlantic Rainforest: biodiversity and EDUCATION use as environmental indicators, 54 16 Biodiversity of the Cerrado: a proposal for practical work in the field of BIOCHEMISTRY the teaching of botany and ecology 4 Screening for specific proteasome inhibitors in the three levels of schooling, 59 followed by the determination of proapoptotic and antitumoral properties in cell culture, 54 PHARMACOLOGY 17 Antimicrobial and anticancer activity of 5 Search for inhibitors of antioxidant extracts and active principles obtained from proteins of Xylella fastidiosa, 54 vegetal species in the State of São Paulo, 60

BOTANY GENETICS 6 Embryology of species of Asteraceae 18 Genetic structure of natural populations in the Cerrado lato sensu, 55 of Cryptocarya spp. (Lauraceae) through isoenzymatic and DNA markers, 60 7 Morphoanatomy of the vegetative organs and chemical profile of species of the Smilax l. (Smilacaceae) genus, 55 GEOSCIENCES 29 Distribution of the community of palm trees in the altitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Rainforest 19 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction in in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, 65 natural ecosystems and agroecosystems: a monitoring of sugarcane and Cerrado ZOOLOGY (wooded savanna), 61 30 Consolidation of the infrastructure and 20 Environmental study of the river Itanhaém estuary, computerization of the fish collection in the southern coast of the State of São Paulo, 61 Department of Zoology Ibilce/Unesp, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 66 VETERINARY MEDICINE 31 Diversity and conservation of the reptile fauna 21 The biodiversity of characterized reproductive in the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest, 66 models to be preserved in the State of São Paulo. Structure and management of 32 Diversity of fish in streams and headwaters reproduction, placenta and placentation, 62 in the basin of the river Ribeira de Iguape in the State of São Paulo, 66 MICROBIOLOGY 22 Distributed information system for 33 Biodiversity of arachnids (except mites) in biological collections the integration the Cantareira State Park, São Paulo, Brazil, 67 of Species Analyst and SinBiota, 62 34 Systematics, taxonomic revision and biogeography 23 Recovery of the biodiversity of an area of of the Heptapterini gill, 1861 (Ostariophysi, Atlantic Rainforest contaminated by heavy Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) class, 67 metals: a proposal for bioremediation, 63 35 Evaluation of the potential URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as bioaccumulators of heavy metals, 67 24 Environmental Atlas of the municipality of São Paulo: phase 1 – diagnosis and bases for the definition of public policies for green Research Grants, 69 areas in the municipality of São Paulo, 63 Scientific Initiation CHEMISTRY Masters Degree Doctorate 25 Bioprospection on the metabolism of prokaryotes Fast-track Doctorate from brazilian biomas: exploitation of microbial Post-doctorate transformations for synthesis of chiral Research Abroad pharmaceuticals and bioactives compounds, 63 Selection of reports on biodiversity – 26 The bioprospection of the fauna of arthropods in the State of São Paulo in the search for leader- Pesquisa FAPESP magazine, 129 compounds for the rational development of new Medicines and pesticides, 64

27 Bioprospection of microorganisms for application in the synthesis of quiral alcohols of pharmaceutical and industrial interest, 64

FOREST RESOURCES 28 Physiognomic-ecological units associated with remnants of natural vegetal cover, 65 Pequí (Caryocar brasiliense)

Thematic Projects L H 19

AGRONOMY BIOLOGY

Vegetal biodiversity and edaphic Fauna and flora of renmant 1 organisms in ecosystems of natural 2 forest fragments in northwestern and impacted narrowleaf Brazilian São Paulo State: basis for pine in the State of São Paulo biodiversity conservation studies

PROCESS PROCESS 2001/05146-6 2004/04820-3

COORDINATOR COORDINATOR Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso Orlando Necchi Junior

INSTITUTION INSTITUTION Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) START: APR 2004 FINISH: MAR 2008 START: DEC 2005 FINISH: MAR 2010 Araucaria angustifolia is an endangered tree of high economic value, which belongs to the Brazilian Forest fragmentation is an increasing and noto- subtropical forest of high altitude. This species is rious process in the tropical region. A clearly unders- considered under risk of extinction due to its pre- tanding of this process and its consequences is fun- vious exploration and dizimation, mainly for its damental to avoid biodiversity losses and a/so to valuable wood. Although A. angustifolia nowadays correctly manage the sustainable use of the remai- occupies only a very restricted area of the State of ning biota. A perfect and disturbing example of this São Paulo, this ecosystem presents a high biodiver- process refers to the northwestern region of the State sity of plants, animaIs and microorganisms. The loss of São Paulo, characterized by the presence of of this biodiversity could imply the loss of sustaina- Semideciduous Stational Forests and Savannahs, bility of the forests. The main objectives of this which are restricted to 9% of their original area and research project are to survey the plant and micro- were replaced by pastures, crops, and urbanization. bial biodiversity of the ecosystem and their interac- In consequence, the region is considered the most tions. The specific objecives are: a) to characterize deforested and fragmented in São Paulo State, and the floristic biodiversity; b) to identify the structure also the one with the smallest number of conserva- ofthe associated soil-bome microbial community, tional units. This situation will not be reverted with- using molecular (DGGE) and biochemical (Biolog) out a suitable environmental management. Even so, techniques; c) to isolate and identify, through mor- the area still harbors a high species richness, which phologic and molecular methods, the arbuscular paradoxically has been scarcely studied. The main mycorrhizal fungi associated to Araucaria; d) to iso- objective of this project refers to the inventory of late and identify the associated diazotrophic, rhizos- several taxonomic groups (algae, bryophytes, fungi, pheric or endophytic bacteria; e) to evaluate the soil plants, and aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate and biochemical processes, as C or N microbial biomass, vertebrate animals). Twenty forest fragments, selec-

CO2 evolution, the metabolic coefficient and enzy- ted according to their size and surrounding matrix matic soil activity; t) to study the genetic variability (e.g. sugar cane, citrus, pasture, rubber trees, and between individuaIs of the Araucaria forest emplo- urban areas), will be sampled. The principal expec- ying molecular markers -RAPD and AFLP or DNA ted products are: 1) a diagnosis of the environment, sequences of organelles; g) to survey the diversity of providing a solid database allowing a better conser- the macrofauna and to estimate the importance of vation of the biota; 2) a draft with the possible certain functional groups; h) to obtain this informa- effects of the fragmentation in the population dyna- tion with regard to the two contrasting seasons mics and physiology of species; 3) a description of (summer and winter), in two regions of the State of the role of the fragments as maintainers of the regio- São Paulo (Campos do Jordão and Apiaí), in native nal biodiversity and as reservoirs of potential species and disturbed ecosystems. to act in the colonization of other areas and a/so in the agriculture biological control. The project will add important new findings to the knowledge of the biodiversity of this region. Finally, its most signifi- 20 cant relevance concerns to the construction of a re taxonomic literature on marine bluegreen alga e solid basis for future studies and actions on the confor São Paulo list the occurrence of 108 taxa in the servation of this valuable biota. state's supralittoral zone. It is important to note, however, that three of these publications date from the period 1930-1963 and the others from 1983 on, BOTANY which proves that the study effort of this algal group is still extremely recent. Furthermore, the area that Phycological flora has been covered up to now is extremely restricted, so 3 in the State of São Paulo that the total number of taxa already identified (108) is severely underestimated and does not at all repre- PROCESS sent the real taxonomic diversity of the marine 1998/04955-3 Cyanophyceae of the State of São Paulo. Regarding freshwater forms, a preliminary analysis based on COORDINATOR inaccurate catalogues totaled 2,226 taxa already do- Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo cumented for the State of São Paulo. These figures are INSTITUTION distributed as follows: 1,053 of Zygnemaphyceae, 388 Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for of Cyanophyceae, 299 of Chlorophyceae, 110 of the Environmental (SMA-SP) Euglenophyceae, 62 of Xanthophyceae, 61 of Bacilla- riophyceae, 49 of Oedogoniophyceae, 46 of Chry- START: JUL 1999 sophyceae, 43 of Cryptophyceae, 41 of Dinophyceae, FINISH: SEP 2003 31 of Charophyceae, 21 of Prasinophyceae, 14 of Rhodophyceae, and 8 of Raphidophyceae. It soon Despite algae studies in Brazil having already over becomes clear that some of these totais are extremely 160 years of publications, the first 124 years are distorted because they are very dependent on the almost solely the contributions of foreign specialists existence or absence of specialists in the different that either visited sparse sites of the Brazilian terri- algal groups. Consequently, because there are specia- tory in search of algae material or received in their lists presently working on Charophyceae, Cryptophy- own countries small lots of material collected for ceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Rhodo- study. Only in the last 40 years did Brazilian students phyceae, and Zygnemaphyceae, the numbers referring take over the task of studying the algal biodiversity of to their respective totais of taxa reasonably reflect this the State of São Paulo. Analysis of the 47 publications reality. On the other hand, the numbers referring to that deal with the taxonomy of the macroscopic Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, marine benthic algae of the State of São Paulo Dinophyceae, and Xanthophyceae are absolutely demonstrated that the State's algalflora is represented incorrect and underestimated due to the present lack by 308 taxa (corrected list), 198 (64.3%) of which are of specialists in these groups. Another point to be of Rhodophyceae, 68 (22.1%) of Chlorophyceae, and discussed is that some comparatively small algal clas- 42 (13.6%) of Phaeophyceae. However, many gaps ses in terms of species number and infraspecific taxa, still exist in the information on the São Paulo State such as Charophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Rhodo- macroscopic marine benthic algalflora due to, main- phyceae, have already been surveyed at the State of ly, the lack of institutional or individual programs São Paulo levei within a major project that aims at that aim at including the survey of the São Paulo surveying the state's freshwater algalflora. The exis- State seaweed flora in an organized manner. ting plan that includes specific gathering of material Furthermore, due to methodology limitations the of the various algae groups by specialists that will macroscopic marine benthic algae community of the obviously increase the accuracy of the information intertidal zone of rocky beaches and estuaries remai- collected. Numbers of taxa presently available for the ned unstudied, except for a few instances. The infra- Charophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Rhodophyceae littoral, only accessible by diving or dredging equip- are, therefore, extremely reliable. Some other groups, ment, was completely ignored. Therefore, it is like the Cyanophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae, still are absolutely necessary to taxonomically explore the in an inventory phase at the state level. This implies infralittoral rocky shores since the algalflora of these that the total number of taxa already mentioned for areas may support different community composi- these groups are, on one hand, relatively high com- tions when compared to the supralittoral. Another pared to the others, but on the other hand, Glose to aspect for consideration is the very probable unde- reality, in spite of still being incomplete. The total restimation of the taxa number for the State of São numbers of taxa for the other groups (Oedogonio- Paulo due to the superficiality of some of the floristic phyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Chryso- surveys. The 12 publications that constitute the enti- phyceae, Xanthophyceae, and Dinophyceae) are to a 21 greater or lesser extent inaccurate and for from phycological library with emphasis on taxonomy being Glose to reality. Finally, groups such as the and systematics of algae in Latin America; (5) a vehi- Eustigmatophyceae and the Chrysophyceae, which cle for field work; (6) laboratorial infrastructure possess a siliceous exoskeleton, have not yet had flo- represented by sampling devices and equipment, ristic inventory started due to the lack of specialists, stoves for the drying of material, microscopes, che- incomplete dominion of specific methodology, or micals and vials, etc; (7) more than 35 years of tradi- lack of highly specialized equipment (transmission tion in the taxonomy and systematics of both marine and/or scanning electron microscopes). Conse- and freshwater algal forms, which led the National quently, the total number of freshwater algal taxa that Council for Scientific and Technological Dev- occur in the State of São Paulo will easily double or elopment (CNPq) to consider the Phycology Section even triple if an organized, extensive, joint program of the Institute of Botany a National Center of of surveying the algal biodiversity of the state is esta- Excellence in the area. Some products from the deve- blished. The main objectives of the present plan are: lopment of the present project will be: (1) produce a (1) know the biodiversity of the different algal groups series of 13 volumes of the São Paulo State algalflo- in the area of the State of São Paulo through the sur- ra; (2) produce manuals for identification of algae to vey of the state's algalflora, including seaweeds, fres- be used in high schools and universities throughout hwater phytoplanktonic and periphytic forms, and the country; (3) produce slides, CD-roms, and other soil and subaerial forms; (2) to foster the capacity of illustrative materials for use in teaching and research the State of São Paulo and of the public and private institutions of the country; (4) train taxonomists organizations of the whole country to manage, and systematatists of algae for the state, country, and monitor, and utilize its biodiversity of algae; (3) other countries in Latin America; (5) subsidize pro- detect areas in the State of São Paulo in which loss of ject on environmental impact evaluation, ecology, biodiversity is occurring, considering spatial and genetics, physiology, cytology, molecular biology, etc temporal scales; (4) evaluate the efectiveness of the that will necessarily demand fundamental knowled- conservation effort in the State of São Paulo for algae ge of the local floristic compositon. through the identification of areas and priority components for conservation; (5) enable the State of São Paulo to estimate the value of its algal biodiversity Conservation and sustainable use and of some of its services such as: conservation of 4 of the plant biodiversity from water resources, biological control, etc; (6) provide the Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest: training of specialized personnel in taxonomy and the storage carbohydrates and their systematics of algae mainly in the State of São Paulo, role on the adaptation and maintainance but also in other states in the country; (7) subsidize of plants in their natural habitat projects in ecology, genetics, citology, molecular biology, etc, which will demand previous, essential kno- PROCESS wledge of the local algalflora composition; and (8) 1998/05124-8 improve the quality of formal and informal teaching COORDINATOR of Biological Sciences and Environmental Education Marcos Silveira Buckeridge in the State of São Paulo, but also in other states of the country regarding knowledge, conservation, and INSTITUTION rational utilization of its algal biodiversity. The Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for Phycology Section, the Coordination Center for the the Environmental (SMA-SP) II Algalflora of the State of São Paulo, already has and will place at disposal of the project the follo- START: APR 1999 wing: (1) a complete survey of the literature contai- FINISH: AUG 2005 ning references to algae material for the State of São Paulo; (2) a corrected list of the macroscopic marine There are periods when plants temporarily lose benthic forms and an inaccurate one of the conti- their capacity to maintain their own autotrophy, i.e. nental (phytoplankton, periphyton, soil, and subae- when the photosynthetic system becomes tempora- rial) ones; (3) a herbarium containing more than rily non operational (dormancy for example). Those 15,000 exsiccatae of macroscopic marine benthic periods can be considered as the weakest links of the forms and almost 3,000 vials containing fixed and life cycle of plants, since they become totally depen- preserved material of the freshwater forms; (4) the dent on their reserves in order to restart growth libraries of the Instituto de Botânica and those of when environmental conditions are favorable. Plants each faculty member in the Phycology Section of the store reserves of organic compounds (carbohydrates Institute of Botany, the best and most complete and lipids mainly for carbon and energy resource), 22 and proteins (for nitrogen), which are mobilised Several factors have contributed to the devasta- during specific periods and under straight metabolic tion of the Cerrado, such as the use of wood for control. Thus, the energetic needs and at the same energy production (firewood and charcoal), agricul- time carbon are provided as raw material for restar- tural use or extensive cattle raising, impact caused by ting of growth. The latter demands high quantities tourism, and mineral exploration. This situation has of carbon mainly for processes as respiration, cell got worse as vegetal resources have been indiscrimi- division and elongation. The main storage carbohy- nately destroyed, without a knowledge of the many drates' in plants can be divided into intracellular and different biological aspects of species representative extracellular reserves. Those accumulated within the of this biome. Although some structural peculiari- cells can be found in the vacuole (fructans, sucrose ties of the Cerrado, plants are well known, data in and raffinose series) or into the cytoplasm (starch) literature are limited to a few species and are of res- and those stored in the extracellular space are com- tricted access, being part of unpublished Ph.D. and posed of polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and Master theses. Many morphological, anatomical, pectin’s. Each type of polysaccharide used as a reser- histochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of most ve corresponds to one or more strategies of survi- representatives of this biome are unknown despite ving, including water imbibition and defence. In this the richness and diversity of this vegetation. The way, it is possible that the maintenance of biodiver- general objective of this project is to perform a com- sity in tropical environments presents a relatively prehensive and integrated morphological, anatomi- high dependence on the period of accumulation and cal, and ultrastructural study of the Cerrado species mobilization of reserves. It is therefore important to in São Paulo State, in order to detect their common study these phenomena in detail if one wishes to characteristics. The specific objectives are: to study understand how biodiversity can be maintained or the morphology and anatomy of subterranean used in a sustainable fashion. On this basis, the pre- organs, leaves, fruits, and seeds; to characterize the sent proposition intends to study the biosynthesis micromorphology of leaf, fruit, and seed surface; to and degradation of some of the main storage car- describe the morphology of the seedling at different bohydrates from plants native to Cerrado (a savan- stages of post-seminal development; to survey the na-like vegetation) and the Tropical Forest. The structures of vegetative propagation, determining physiological and cytochemical consequences for the the nature of the subterranean systems and identif- following growth and development will be studied ying the main reserve compounds; and to characte- concomitantly. We expect these results to contribute rize the morphology and histochemistry of the towards a strong scientific basis for the conservation gland structures present in vegetative and reproduc- and recuperation of those ecosystems (Cerrado and tive organs. Representative species of the Cerrado Tropical Forest) consistently being degraded. We vegetation in São Paulo State will be selected accor- also expect the results to provide means for the sus- ding to existing floristic surveys, including species tainable use of the biodiversity. of the Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae and Morphological, anatomical, Vochysiaceae. The studies on post-seminal develop- 5 histochemical and ultra-structural ment will be performed in a germinator and in a studies in plants of the Cerrado greenhouse. For the anatomical studies, slides will be (lato sensu) in the State of São Paulo prepared with usual techniques, using hand-cut and michrotome sections from material embedded in PROCESS paraffin, paraplast, and historesin. For the histoche- 2000/12469-3 mical studies, the samples will be fixed in an appropriate medium and sections win be stained with spe- COORDINATOR cific reagents, The ultrastructural studies will Sílvia Rodrigues Machado include analyses by scanning and transmission elec- INSTITUTION tron microscopy, using samples prepared according Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / to conventional protocols. The team's interest in this São Paulo State University (Unesp) type of vegetation, the previous ability of working together in research projects, and the necessity of START: NOV 2001 interaction of diverse specialities will help this pro- FINISH: SEP 2006 ject provide prompt and consistent data. 23

Atlantic Rainforest aromatic in São Paulo INSTITUTION 6 State: chemical composition of volatile Institute of Biosciences / oils and biological activity analysis University of São Paulo (USP)

START: MAR 2005 PROCESS FINISH FEB 009 2002/12215-7 : 2

COORDINATOR The use of plant cell tissue and organ cultures Paulo Roberto Hrihorowitsch Moreno has emerged as important tool when the propagation of tropical woody plants in the reforestation INSTITUTION programs is concerned. This technique has been Institute of Chemistry / adopted for plants in which the massive propagation University of São Paulo (USP) has been precluded by low productivity and or low START: JUN 2004 viability of seeds, long-term seed maturation, and FINISH: MAY 2008 limited vegetative propagation. In this regard, in vitro somatic embryogenesis has been successfully This proposal aims at to contribute with the kno- applied in production of somatic cell and viable wledge of the chemical constitution of volatile oils embryos, in a morphogenetic process closely related found in native species of the Atlantic Rain Forest as to the natural process of zygotic embryogenesis. The well as verifying the putative pharmacological acti- major aim of this project is to investigate major vity of these oils (antibacterial, antifungal, anti- physiological, biochemical and molecular changes inflammatory and antitumour activities). The spe- during the somatic embryogenesis of Araucaria cies whose oils presented constituents interesting for angustifolia and Ocotea catharinensis, two economi- the aroma or pharmaceutical industries will be selec- cally important woody plants in the Atlantic ted for posterior studies of in vivo and in vitro pro- Rainforest of southern Brazil. The results would pagation aiming at the sustainable use and the main- pave the way to determine a general biotechnologi- tenance of germoplasm. The main goal of this cal process required to propagate and to manage proposal is to contribute for the sustainability of the important tropical woody plants. biome, pointing its economic potential in accordance with the current demands. The search of the sustainable development has influence either in the 8 Diversity of red macroalgae process of selection of potential species or in the (Rhodophyta) of São Paulo State, Brazil, methods of production of the raw material. The based on barcoding, morphology and employment of natural products in the cosmetic geographic distribution (RHODO-SP) industries or in those specialized in Phytomedicines is limited by the scale of the collection and the sus- PROCESS tainable use of the forest. In the great majority of the 2007/51270-7 cases, the industry looks for new cultivars that will COORDINATOR guarantee the scale of production of the raw materi- Mariana Cabral de Oliveira als. In this way, the development of the biotechnology, particularly that of genetic engineering, facili- INSTITUTION tates the culture of medicinal and aromatic plants far Institute of Biosciences / of its natural habitat, contributing to evolve from University of São Paulo (USP) extractive to culturing. START: APR 2008 FINISH: MAR 2012 Embryogenetic studies as a basis 7 for strategies of reproduction and conservation of tree species In this project we propose the screening of the red macroalgae (Rhodophyta) biodiversity for the State of São Paulo (Brazil), which includes more than 50% PROCESS 2004/03333-1 of the diversity known for this group in the country. For that, the barcoding technique will be used, sup- COORDINATOR plemented with morphological and geographic distri- Eny Iochevet Segal Floh bution. These data will be integrated to the data from 24

Biota (1998/04955-3), to generate data, sample and ecological effects of environmental change, to prio- DNA banks. Studies on the biodiversity of marine rize conservation areas, and so forth. The model sys- algae of São Paulo have been carried out since 1950; tem for this project are the Compositae (Asteraceae) however, this knowledge is based only on morpholo- and their associated phytophagous insects. Based on gical data and only sporadically supplemented with previous experience, we intend to inventory syste- molecular data. The taxonomic identification of red matically the host association of different phytopha- algae is notoriously difficult due to: a relatively simple gous groups (especially Lepidoptera, Diptera and morphology and anatomy, which are convergent in Coleoptera) and if possible their parasitoids, with many species; phenotypic plasticity; and complex life- Asteraceae in different habitats and areas with various cycles with heteromorphic stages. The comparisons of degrees and kinds of disturbance. We will prioritise DNA sequences have been fundamental for biodiver- Cerrado areas, due to the interest in conservation of sity studies and for the inference of the relationships Cerrado and extensive pre-existing information. among the different groups of organisms. Molecular Other areas to be prioritised include highland markers that allow the identification of species have meadows in mountain ranges (Serra do Mar, been denominated "barcoding" The barcoding tech- Mantiqueira, and Espinhaço) and bogs in various nique generates a great amount of data in relatively biomes. We will also prioritise invading and ruderal short time. These data, organized and available in species in agroecosystems and disturbed habitats. databanks, can be used for many different types of Field work will be essentially carried out throughout research, including biodiversity screenings, conserva- the State of São Paulo and neighboring states. The tion and the detection of cryptic and exotic species; objectives of this study include: to investigate the development of DNA probes for various applications, structure of biological diversity in subsets of natural taxonomy and phylogenetic studies, ecophysiology, communities composed of plants and their associa- forensics, etc. This project is pioneer in the country ted phytophagous insects and natural enemies; to for algae, and might be used as a model for other develop methods to separate total biological diver- similar projects in the country. sity in components of different spatial, temporal and structural scales; to correlate diversity in these systems with that of other taxa or community subunits; ECOLOGY to investigate the structure of species interactions in these model systems by applying existing analyses Species and interaction diversity in and theory or by developing new approaches; to 9 plants and phytophagous insects investigate the contribution of genetical, phylogenetic, chemical and ecological factors in determining PROCESS species diversity or interaction diversity and its 1998/05085-2 variation on different spatial, structural and time scales; to investigate the response of species diversity, COORDINATOR interaction diversity and species composition to var- Thomas Michael Lewinsohn ious regimes or histories of disturbance or impact. INSTITUTION Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Diversity of zooplankton in relation 10 to the conservation and degradation START: MAY 1999 of the aquatic ecosystems in the FINISH: JUL 2004 State of São Paulo

This project proposes to expand the inventory of PROCESS a model system to allow the development and testing 1998/05091-2 of descriptive and predictive models for the structure of biological diversity and its response to different COORDINATOR factors. We intend to investigate components of eco- Takako Matsumura Tundisi logical communities chosen on a functional and INSTITUTION structural basis. In this way, it should be feasible to São Carlos International Institute of Ecology Ltd ascertain more directly the relationship of biological diversity to its historical and functional determi- START: MAR 1999 nants. We also expect to produce effective methods FINISH: NOV 2003 to parameterise biological diversity with regard to environment-altering processes, as a tool to monitor 25

The project is aimed at the analysis of the zoo- throughout the state, on the Internet and by other planktonic biodiversity and its relationship with the media. New and already existing reference collections trophic state of the continental aquatic systems in will be organized and supported in various parts of the State of São Paulo. It is intended to establish rela- São Paulo. Sites or interactions of special importance tionships between diversity, organic pollution and will be studied and recommended, when necessary, toxic substances. Great emphasis will be given to the for permanent protection. Optimal indicator groups study of the taxonomy, biology, physiology and eco- of Lepidoptera will be identified and standardized, so logy of the principal zooplanktonic groups: Proto- that monitor strained in each region can use them to zoa, Rotifera, Clarocera and Copepoda. Transference follow environmental changes. of scientific knowledge to the public in general, through involvement of the Project, with the 1st and 2nd grades of the public school network. Strengthening of the Biota-FAPESP 12 information system and study of the development of a GIS for the Program Lepidoptera of the State of São Paulo: 11 diversity, distribuition resources and use PROCESS for environmental analysis and monitoring 1998/05117-1

COORDINATOR PROCESS 1998/05101-8 Carlos Alfredo Joly INSTITUTION COORDINATOR Keith Spalding Brown Junior Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) INSTITUTION Institute of Biology / START: JAN 1999 Campinas State University (Unicamp) FINISH: AUG 2003

START: JAN 2000 The information system to support Biota-FAPESP FINISH: JUN 2007 aims at contributing towards the conservation and sustainable use of São Paulo's State biodiversity, pro- Information about the distribution and ecology of moting and facilitating the access of information to many large invertebrate groups is very scarce in São the scientific community, government and society in Paulo, especially in the interior where the original general. The system was launched in July, 1997, as an vegetation is strongly fragmented. Such information open, cooperative and integrating network, using could lead to important theoretical and practical kno- the internet as a means of communication and dis- wledge, essential for the evaluation and conservation semination of information. It was a very important of biological diversity and endemic or threatened spe- supporting tool for the workshop "Basis for the cies, in the remaining natural systems. Inventories of Conservation of São Paulo's State Biodiversity" held up to 3000 species in nine reasonably well-known in July, 1997 (http://www.bdt.org.br/bdt/biotasp/ families of herbivorous Lepidoptera (silk-moths - workshop/). Biota-FAPESP aims at integrating Saturniidae, hawk-moths -Sphingidae, tiger-moths - scientific information per se and with different fields Arctiidae, loopers - Geometridae, and the five fami- of interest such as legislation, conservation units lies of butterflies)and their environments and resour- etc., aiming at both a thematic and geographic ces, will be made in 44 subregions in the state, with approach. It aims at collaborating adn complemen- the 40 in the interior representing various types and ting existing initiatives and includes the launching of sizes of forest or Cerrado fragments. Each region will the Biota Neotropica an online publication space for be visited and inventoried by observation and stan- the national and international scientific community. dard censuses (collecting only when necessary for The study of GIS available on the internet requires identification, or for additional biological or chemical the establishment of standards and a follow-up of study) and mapped by project teams for 1-3 days new developments (software, systems) on the net. It twice a year during three years, working together with will be necessary to relate databases to GIS systems, local naturalists whenever possible. The data-base producing images and maps as an output. Produc- thus obtained (combined with previous information, tion and distribution of images online and on CDs most already colleted), as well as identification and to both scientific and educational communities is monitoring manuals, will be made available to local sought as a first step, following the development/ natural history and conservation groups and persons adoption of a web GIS interface. 26

The conservation feasibility of the day even before becoming known by science. Since 13 Cerrado remnants in São Paulo State fragmented habitats will be the pattern in the future, environmental management actions must be taken to PROCESS avoid the ruin of biological diversity and all benefits 1998/05251-0 derived of it. This projects intends to study some vital effects of fragmentation in a landscape formed by COORDINATOR secondary tropical forest fragments of the Atlantic Marisa Dantas Bitencourt Rainforest biome (23"35'S,23050'S; and 46o45'W, o INSTITUTION 47 15'W) and to provide ecological basis for regional Institute of Biosciences / management, in order to promote the persistance of University of São Paulo (USP) the highest number of species in the landscape. In this context, the main objective of this project is to START: APR 1999 verify what spatial arrangement and which landscape FINISH: SEP 2003 elements are needed to maintain the biological diversity, by: i) describing the history of fragmentation The hight rate of Cerrado disappearance, poin- and regeneration of the landscape; ii) relating fragr- ted out in the last Forest Inventory in the State of São ment size and matrix type to species diversity of Paulo, showed the urgency in establishing conserva- some taxonomic groups, including trees, birds and tion and restoration means to maintain those rem- primates; iii) relating the landscape structure with nants. The interdiciplinarity of the teams envolved is the presence/abundance of forest (meta)populations, the guarantee of success in indicating the Cerrado according to their sensitivity to fragmentation; iv) areas where the ecological and economical conserva- investigating the ecological processes which determi- tion is feasible. Taking the advantage of the IF effort ne the maintenance of (meta)populations, particu- and the experience of the teams in Cerrado, this pro- larly those related with the influence of the surroun- ject aim to: a) upgrade the physiognomic classes ding matrix and forest connectivity. These objectives within those remnants; b) indicate their conserva- match the requests of the Biota-FAPESP Program. tion status and degradation agents; c) indicate how The project design includes eight sub-projects, dea- their (per fragment) plant species can be economi- ling with the same landscapes and groups of forest cally feasible; d) evaluate the legal instruments to fragments, with complementary objectives. We pro- incentive conservation and disincentive degrada- pose an approach that involves a multiple scale analy- tion; and e) inform non academic community about sis, where either the whole landscape and the frag- those findings. The number of remnants studied will ments will be focused on, detailing on the matrix and result from a previous spatial analysis hierarchichy, corridor effects; studies will be carried out at the scheduled depending on time and money. population and community levels, where a wide range of taxa will be examined (woody plants, primates, birds); umbrella-species and key-processes which 14 Biodiversity conservation in may maintain high biodiversity will be the sought. fragmented landscapes at the atlantic Different theories on landscape ecology will be tested plateau of São Paulo (Brazil) and parameters of the spatial landscape structure and of habitat quality will be integrated to metapopula- PROCESS tion models, particularly the incidence function 1999/05123-4 model. To understand the present landscape structure and its history of fragmentation and regeneration, COORDINATOR Jean Paul Walter Metzger two types of landscapes will be distinguished- one formed by a forest matrix, and another by an agricul- INSTITUTION tural matrix. They will be characterized considering- Institute of Biosciences / i)landscape connectivity and heterogeneity, forest University of São Paulo (USP) fragmentation and isolation (sub-project1); ii) geo- morphological and pedological features, and main START: MAR 2000 physical geo-indicators for measuring the magnitude FINISH: FEB 2005 and velocity of key abiotic processes (sub-project 2). Each fragment will be characterized by: i) size; ii) Habitat fragmentation is presently one of the heterogeneity of the forest eco-units; iii)internal most serious ecological problems at present. In the environmental quality and heterogeneity of the eco- tropics, a huge number of species is being lost every units; iv) shape and edge effects; v) border comple- 27 xity; vi) degree of isolation and connectivity, and the Structure and functioning of hydrographic potential for (re)colonization; vii) age and history of 15 basins of meso- and micro- scale in the regeneration, as obtained by the analysis of aerial State of São Paulo: bases for generating photographs from 1962, 1973 and 1988 (sub-projects and sustaining biodiversity 1 and 3). To relate biodiversity patterns with forest fragment size and matrix type, twelve fragments will PROCESS be studied in detail, concerning: 1) species composi- 1999/05279-4 tion and diversity of adult trees (sub-project 3); ii) species composition and diversity of tree seedlings COORDINATOR and saplings (sub-project 7); iii) the abundance of six Luiz Antônio Martinelli bird species (sub-project 6); iv) the biomass and den- INSTITUTION sity of primates (sub-project 5). The influence of Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / matrix and corridors on seed flows (sub-project 8), University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) forest regeneration (sub-project 7), movement of selected bird species (sub-project 6) will be analyzed START: JAN 2000 in more detail, dealing with a reduced number of FINISH: AUG 2004 fragments. Fragment size and connectivity will also be related with patch-occupancy patterns of species The paradigm of this project is that biodiversity more and less sensitive to fragmentation, to estimate in a watershed is generated and preserved by inter- extinction risks and potentials for species (re)coloni- actions between the physical environment, biogeo- zation. By working with high- and low-demanding chemical processes and human actions. Therefore, species, we may verify the conditions at which the based on this statement, biodiversity can not be high demanding species are kept in the landscape, as properly addressed without a comprehensive char- well as the landscape types which support only low acterization of the structure and functioning of a demanding species. Here, 50 to 60 fragments will be watershed. The Biota-FAPESP Program open an considered, from 4-5 ha to 90 ha, being around half unique opportunity to closely investigate the effects of them in the landscape with a forest regeneration of landscape attributes and ecosystem biogeochem- matrix, and the others in the landscape with agricul- istry on the biodiversity, since this programe encom- tural matrix. Initially, the following organisms will pass several studies devoted to these topics. In this have their patch-occupancy patterns considered- i) project we intend to address the biogeochemistry of six bird species (sub-project 6); ii) one endemic meso-scale (103 to 104 km2) and micro-scale (101 to palm-tree species (sub-project 4); iii) several tree spe- 102 km2) Watersheds as a subsidiary information to cies (sub-project 3). The comparison of these two understand the results of ongoing biodiversity stud- groups of fragments in terms of size, environmental ies of the Biota-FAPESP Program. The link between quality (sub-project 3) and spatial attributes (isola- environmental factors and biodiversity will be made: tion, connectivity, matrix type) (sub-project 1) must (1) by working in the same basins or sub-basins of the indicate the factors which dictate the permanence of Biota-FAPESP Projects devoted to address aquatic a given species in the landscape. Incidence function biodiversity and (2) through specific parameters and models will be applied to analyse patch-occupancy analysis that link landscape attributes and ecosystem patterns and simulate the species occurrence in diffe- biogeochemistry with those related to biodiversity. rent scenarios of the landscape evolution. This At the meso-scale level our specific objective is to approach will allow us to identify the best fragment determine if chemical and physical attributes of conditions for maintaining the species in the landsca- rivers and atmospheric composition respond differ- pe in a long term basis, assuming they behave as entially across a gradient of anthropogenic impacts. metapopulation, providing direct ecological basis for The approach in this case will be to compare meso- the conservation management of tropical forest frag- scale basins with different degrees of human impacts. ments. One of the main results of the project propo- The specific scientific questions to be answered are: sed will be the generation of a database with spatiali- Question 1 - What are the effects of the domestic zed information on the regional physiography, sewage, industrial effluents and land-use ou carbon, structure and dynamics of the regional flora and nitrogen and phosphorus distributions in rivers landscape, besides publications in specialized jour- under different degrees of impact? In order to nals, diffusion articles, multimidia material, such as answer Question 1 we intend to compare key param- CD-Rom and on-line data base, and a guide for the eters of aquatic biogeochemistry among watersheds regional woody species, directed to non-specialists, with different levels of human impact. Question 2 - particularly children of public regional schools. What are the effects of urbanization, industrial activ- 28 ities, and land-use on the atmospheric composition be carried out, and illustrated guides for field recog- in watersheds under different degrees of impact? In nition of each forest species sampled will be elabora- order to answer Question 2 we propose to compare ted. The structure will be characterized with two the wet and dry deposition in the selected water- phytossociological, physionomic and sylvigenic sur- sheds. At micro-scale we intend to address the bio- veys, with intervals of 3 years between them and the geochemistry of small watersheds in order to answer spatial distribution will be estimated through K func- the following scientific questions: Question 2: Is bio- tion. Literature models of generation and mainte- diversity related with some measurable chemical or nance of biodiversity and forest dynamics will be tes- biological variable in the water? Question 3: Is bio- ted for the community and species and compared diversity related with some measurable landscape between the areas. The vegetational data will be cor- attribute of the watershed and specifically those of related with physical data of each area, between areas, the riparian zone? Our approach to answer these in order to understand the difference between the questions is to compare micro-scale watersheds vegetational types and adequate practices of manage- within a gradient of biodiversity. ment and conservation. The data will be also compared with those generated in permanent parcels for typically tropical formations. Diversity, dynamic and conservation 16 of trees in forests in the State of São Paulo: studies in permanent plots Ethnoecology of the sea and of 17 the land on the São Paulo coast PROCESS of the Atlantic Rainforest: fishing 1999/09635-0 areas and use of natural resources

COORDINATOR PROCESS Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues 2001/05263-2 INSTITUTION COORDINATOR Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University Alpina Begossi of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) INSTITUTION START: OCT 2001 Nucleus for Environmental Study and Research / FINISH: MAY 2007 Campinas State University (Nepam/Unicamp)

The project Diversity, dynamics and conservation START: MAR 2003 in São Paulo State Forests: 40ha of permanent parcels FINISH: FEB 2007 will be carried out in four Conservation Units (P.E. Ilha do Cardoso, E.E. de Carlos Botelho, E.E. de The general objective of this study is to continue Caitetus, E.E. de Assis), representing the four main the survey on the use of natural resources by the forest formations of São Paulo State (Restinga Forest, inhabitants of coastal areas of São Paulo Atlantic Slope Atlantic Rainforest, Semideciduous Seasonal Rainforest, in particular by caiçara artisanal fishers. Forest and Cerradão). 256 permanent sub-parcels of We intend to continue mapping de areas used for 400m2 will be placed in each area, in a major parcel of artisanal fishing, and the analyses of the vegetation 320x320m, totalizing 10.24ha of represented area in and fish catch used, such as for consumption and each area and 40.96ha at the four areas. The major medicine. We also intend to include ethnoecological parcel in each area will be placed using images pro- studies, focusing on the local knowledge concerning duced by multiespectral videography. In each sub- fish habitat, feeding behavior and nomenclature. We parcel all specimens with PAP bigger or equal to choose three representative areas of the Sao Paulo 15cm will be sampled, georeferenced and identified. coast, areas that are important regarding the mana- In each represented area soil (three dephts in each gement and conservation of the natural resources, as parcel) and topography (1:500 scale) will be charac- well as complementary areas in relation to previous terized in detail; a continued characterization (4 research projects: the region close to Bertioga years) of weather, ground water and light will be car- (south), Ilhabela (center), and Ubatuba (Picinguaba- ried out, considering all units of the forest mosaic, Puruba-north). Therefore, these three patches or and also a characterization of the microbian soil spots will be case studies looking for general patterns fauna, through the 16S rDNA profile produced by of interaction caiçaras-natural resources for the São DGGE method. A characterization of the species Paulo coast. Expected results include, besides publi- occurring in each area (in various forms of life) will 29 cations in scientific journals, two books: one about nation of annual average growth rates of key species; ethnoichthyology and the other about ethnobotany and phenology. Multivariate analyses will be used to of São Paulo coast. check for functional groups, or groups of species that share a common behavior and ecology. The comparison of different groups along the altitudinal gra- Atlantic Ombrophylus Dense dient will allow investigation of the effect of altitude 18 Forest: floristic composition, in the functioning of these groups. Simultaneously, structure and functioning within the inputs of nitrogen through precipitation, biologi- the Serra do Mar State Park cal fixation, and soil mineralization and nitrification will be determined, along with key parameters of N PROCESS losses through denitrification and export by streams, 2003/12595-7 allowing a preliminary nitrogen mass balance along the altitudinal gradient. Water and carbon balance of COORDINATOR the forest will be estimated along with the seasonal Carlos Alfredo Joly variation of this balance through use of micrometeo- INSTITUTION rological towers and Eddy-covariance technique. The Institute of Biology / photosynthesis/respiration balance of the ecosystem Campinas State University (Unicamp) will be used to determine the role of the forest as a sink or source of carbon to the atmosphere. Our final START: JUN 2005 goal is to integrate the results of all activities listed FINISH: MAY 2009 above, scaling-up from individual trees, to families, to functional groups, and finally to phytophysiogno- Structure and floristic composition will be deter- mies, allowing us to understand forest structure and mined in the following Atlantic Rainforest types: Low functioning. The outcomes of this project will allow, Land Ombrophylus Dense Forest (5 to 50 m above for the first time, a full comparison between the sea level), Submontana Ombrophylus Dense Forest Atlantic ODF and the Amazon ODF, and will enhan- (50 to 500 m above sea level), and Montana ce our capability in understanding how this biome Ombrophylus Dense Forest (500 to 1.200 m above will respond to future climatic changes. sea level). All trees with a DBH? 4,8 cm that fall inside 14 1ha permanent plots, divided into a grid of 10 x 10 meter parcels, will be considered. The 14 perma- Biodiversity and sustainable use nent plots will be established along the altitudinal 19 of pollinators, with emphasis on gradient, 4 independent plots in each forest type plus Meliponini bees 1 plot of Restinga Forest (sand dunes type of forest) and 1 extra plot of Low Altitude Ombrophylus Dense PROCESS Forest. In the case of botanical families with relevant 2004/15801-0 ecological roles, such as the Leguminosae in the nitrogen cycle, or Bromeliaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubia- COORDINATOR ceae, Solanaceae, Moraceae and Piperaceae responsible Vera Lúcia Imperatriz Fonseca for the maintenance of key populations of pollinators INSTITUTION and dispersors, a comprehensive floristic survey will Center for Technology / Campinas State University include herbaceous, lianas and epiphytes. Data analy- (Unicamp) sis will be conducted using the FITOPAC computer program. Where appropriate, more detailed analyses START: MAY 2006 will be conducted using multivariate methods such FINISH: APR 2009 as Canonical Correlation, Correspondence Analysis, PCA and PCO. The database on composition and The Convention of Biological Diversity and structure of the forest will allow a choice of species for Millennium Institute consider environmental servi- more detailed studies on reproduction biology; seed ces provided by pollinators, among then the bees, as anatomy and reserves; germination; photosynthesis a priority research for XXI century. To keep the con- and water use efficiency; nitrogen assimilation, trans- servation and sustainable use of pollinators means port and metabolism; plant populations structure to ensure food security, sustainable agriculture and and dynamics; techniques; genetic structure of plant wild plant conservation. This project has 4 compo- populations using molecular markers; determination nents: 1. evaluation of the status of the interactions of forest age by DBH classes and using 14C; determi- among bees and plants; 2. the dynamic of population of native bees, evaluated with molecular tools; 30

3. problems that limit the use of bees in agriculture; regions in São Paulo state. Studies on viability and 4. information technology tools for research and preservation of seeds will be performed and concur- extension in ecosystem services with emphasis on rently monitoring of genetic material through RAPD bees as pollinators. Improving the knowledge basis and AFLP molecular markers will provide relevant on bees focuses reproductive aspects (individual and information about genetic variability thus helping in colonial), swarming, nest foundations, colony the choice of individuals to characterize the diversity growth, protein diets for colony feeding, sex alloca- of the germoplasm bank. Besides, analysis of chemical tion, monitoring flight activity and bees on flowers. markers (active compounds) of the three target spe- Traps nests will be used to study solitary bee diver- cies will be conduct in parallel in order to identify the sity in habitat fragments. Nogueira-Neto melipona- different chemotypes and to find correlation between ries in São Simão (SP), Luisiania (Goiás) and Xapuri geographic location, genetic variability and yield in (Acre) will be intensively studied, as well as stingless bioactive substances of each species. The final purpo- bees nests found on the university campuses in São se is the in vitro preservation of individuals which Paulo and Ribeirão Preto will be used, as control. A represent the existent variability and chemotypes of field station will be established in Mossoró (Rio each site of origino Overall results will permit the Grande do Norte), where colony absconding is very conception of a model for further studies on preser- frequent (30% to 50% of colonies in apiaries). A new vation of medicinal species of the Cerrado. program for beekeeping development was established at this location, monitoring absconding and correlated environmental conditions. Artifical diets GEOSCIENCES and foraging behavior will also be studied, including efficiency on some crops, including sunflower and Biosphere-atmosphere interaction melon. This research will also include a study of (phase 2): Cerrado and land use changes Aficanized bee biology and dynamics, using mor- 21 phometrics to help understand ther migratory PROCESS behavior. Amongst the social bees, stingless bees 2002/09289-9 (Meliponini) are very representative int ropical areas COORDINATOR and could be used as crop pollinators, as well as for Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha wild flower pollination. INSTITUTION Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric GENETICS Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)

Monitoring and enlargement START: SEP 2004 20 of the germplasm bank of medicinal FINISH: AUG 2008 plants of the Cerrado The Brazillian savanna (Cerrado) is the primiti- PROCESS ve bioma covering from the Southeast Brasil to 1999/10610-1 Southeast borders of Amazonia, and its area has reduced to 20%, being concerned as one of the most COORDINATOR threathened ecosystems worldwide. Whereas the Ana Maria Soares Pereira Southeast Brasil was deforested in the 19th century, its current land use as agrosystems has little kno- INSTITUTION wledge in terms of sustainability. As well, in Center for Natural and Technological Exact Amazonia, escalating soybean production and log- Sciences / University of Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp) ging occurs by several means due to increasing defo- START: FEB 2001 restation, thus threathening the savanna wetlands FINISH: APR 2007 near Ilha do Bananal (the world largest fluvial island), a zone of abundant life and water resources. Species from the Bignoneaceae family were selec- This project proposes to quantify the long term ted as target for this proposal due to their economical dynamics of water, energy and CO2 fluxes over dry use as source of bioactive molecules, also because they Cerrado (in Southeast Brasil) and seasonally flooded are under the risk of extinction. The aim of this work Cerrado (ecotones) in Bananal Island, and over the is to establish an in vitro germoplasm bank of the agrosystems Sugarcane and Eucaliptus. The main remaining accesses of Zeyheria montana, Anemo- issues to be adressed are to characterize and compa- paegma arvense and Jacaranda decurrens, native to five re the ecophysiological functionality, dependency of 31

climate and water availability; patterns of CO2 sink main components of the microbiota associated to and sources of the ecosystems. It will investigate the biological processes and provides relevant informa- impact of land use changes on the hydrological and tion on the phenotypic and genomic diversity of the carbon cycle on the catchment (observationally) and organisms. Isolated organisms for future study, whe- regional (numerical models) scales. Ecological inves- never possible, need to be made available to the tigation will be pursued in paralell, namely those of scientific community through deposit of strains in studying the carbon exchanges and pathways on the culture collections. In addition to focussing on the water, C & N cycling using isotope studies. Physical- study of bacterial diversity for potential applica- climate investigations will study the large scale clima- tions, an important element of this proposal is the te variability and its influence on the surface fluxes establishment of a thematic network in the State of (and v.v.). This proposal encompasses researchers and São Paulo for the development of polyphasic taxo- objectives of three different programs: (i) the Biota- nomy and microbial molecular systematics. Several FAPESP Program, (ii) the Large Scale Biosphere- methodologies relevant to the development of the Atmosphere Interaction Experiment in Amazonia studies described below will be implemented in the (LBA) and (iii) the La Plata River Basin Experiment project, including: 16S rDNA sequence analysis: for (PLATEX/GEWEX). the phylogenetic placement and identification of uncultured organisms and novel bacteria; DNA- DNA homology: for assessing the heterogeneity of MICROBIOLOGY complex taxonomic groups and adequate description of novel organisms at the species level; chemo- Molecular ecology and polyphasic taxonomy: for the allocation of organisms at genus 22 taxonomy of bacteria of environmental and species level by the analysis of cellular compo- and agroindustrial importance nents and taxonomic description of novel genera and species; molecular typing methods, including PROCESS RAPD, RFLP of 16S rDNA and spacer regions, REP, 1998/05068-0 ERlC- and BOX-PCR, DGGE and PAGE: for assessing the diversity of organisms at the genome level COORDINATOR and determining genome diversity of cultured and Gilson Paulo Manfio non-cultured organisms; molecular probes: for the INSTITUTION detection and functional analysis of microorganisms Chemical, Biological and Agricultural in the environment, targeting at family, genus and/or Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA) / species level or at functional genes (e.g., nitrogen- Campinas State University (Unicamp) fixing genes, biodegradation pathways of organoch- lorides, pathogenicity genes). START: OCT 1999 FINISH: MAR 2004 Diversity of endophytic microorganisms A limited number of research groups in the State 23 and their biotechnical potential of São Paulo (and Brazil as a whole) carry out applied microbiology research focused on the taxo- PROCESS nomic characterization and technological explora- 1999/09177-1 tion of the indigenous microbial diversity. Some of these include bioremediation of organochloride- COORDINATOR polluted areas, biodigestion of recalcitrant com- Itamar Soares de Melo pounds in industrial effluents, biological nitrogen INSTITUTION fixation in non-leguminous agricultural crops and Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation systematic studies of phytopathogenic bacteria of (Embrapa) agricultural interest and bacterial contaminants of food processing industry. Taxonomic expertise and START: JAN 2001 infra-structure for developing molecular taxonomic FINISH: MAY 2005 work were identified as key factors hampering the adequate development of most of these studies. Endophytic bacteria and fungi are defined as Limiting factors ranged from phenotypic and che- organisms that live in association with plants for motaxonomic characterization of organisms, to most if not all of their life cycles. They live within the molecular typing of strains and phylogenetic analy- intercellular spaces and may confer benefits to the sis. Taxonomy is essential for the identification of the plant, and the benefits may be reciprocal, resulting in 32 an enhanced symbiotic system for specific plant cha- ce of mangrove. These wetland ecosystems are racteristics. Therefore, the use of endophytic bacteria among the most productive and diverse in the world and fungi opens up new areas of biothechnological and more than 80% of marine catches are directly or exploitations, which drive the necessity to isolate and indirectly dependent on mangrove and other coastal culture these organisms. The biochemical versatility ecosystems worldwide. There is evidence to propose and diversity of endophytes represent an enornous a close microbe-nutrient-plant relationship that variety of genes that are still unknown. More and functions as a mechanism to recycle and conserve more useful gene functions are being discovered, par- nutrients in the mangrove ecosystem. Although ticularly for environmental remediation and indus- mangrove ecosystems are rich in organic matter, in trial processes. This project pruposses to study the general they are nutrient-deficient, especially of biological diversity of endophytic microorganisms nitrogen and phosphorus. In spite of this, mangro- from important plant species growing in São Paulo ves are highly productive. This paradox may be State, such as: maize, soybeans, citros, coffee, cassava, explained by a very efficient nutrient recycling sys- Brachiaria and Dicksonia (xaxim); to study the mole- tem in which scarce essential nutrients are retained cular diversity (molecular systematics); to determine and new nutrients are regenerated from decompo- the chemical diversity, mainly of secondary metabo- sing mangrove leaves. Microbial activity is responsi- lites-antibiotics; to assess the potential of endophytes ble for major nutrient transformations within a in the biological control of most important patho- mangrove ecosystem. In tropical mangroves, bacte- gens of the host plants. Also, it is objective of this ria and fungi constitute 91% of the total microbial project to study best methods of preserving represen- biomas, whereas algae and protozoa represent only tative general and specific groups. 7% and 2%. Despite numerous studies on biogeography, botany, zoology and economic impact, little is known about the biodiversity and activities of Biodiversity and functional activities microbes in mangrove waters, sediments and rhizos- 24 of microorganisms from mangrove phere. Microorganisms from mangroves open up of São Paulo State new areas of biotechnological exploitations, which drive the necessity to isolate and culture these orga- PROCESS nisms. The biochemical versatility and diversity of 2004/13910-6 rare microorganisms represent an enormous variety of genes that are still unknown. More and more use- COORDINATOR ful gene functions are being discovered, particularly Itamar Soares de Melo for environmental remediation and industrial pro- INSTITUTION cesses. Thus, this project proposes: to study the bio- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation logical diversity of microorganisms from sediments, (Embrapa) rhizosphere and endophytes of red mangrove (considering both number of species and the partition of START: MAY 2006 abundance), especially, cyanobacteria, bacteria, FINISH: APR 2010 fungi, actinomycetes and archaeobacteria; to study the molecular diversity present within a specie or Mangrove communities are recognized as highly genus based in comparative sequencing of 165 productive ecosystems that provide large quantities rDNA; ARDRA and BOX-PCR; to study the general of organic matter to adjacent coastal waters in the biodiversity including non-culturable bacteria, by form of detritus. The detritus serves as a nutrient PCR-DGGE; to determine the chemical diversity, source and is the base of an extensive food web in mainly secondary metabolites; to study the main which organisms of commercial importance take functional groups of bacteria involved in nitrogen part. The collective term mangrove designates an fixation and phosphate solubilization; to assess the interdital wetland ecosystem formed by a very spe- potential of rhizobacteria in biological control of cial association of plants and animals, fungi, bacte- plant diseases in hydroponic systems. Also, it is ria, microalgae, invertebrates etc, which proliferate objective of this project to study the best methods of luxuriantly in the coastal areas and rivers estuaries. preserving representative genera and specific groups Mangrove ecosystems cover roughly 60 - 75% of the and to organize a culture collection of all identified world's tropical and subtropical coastlines. Brazil, microorganisms isolated from mangroves. Our Indonesia, and Australia have the greatest abundan- objective is to make this collection available for distribution and utilization. 33

CHEMISTRY ling rationally with the problem. The research groups on Natural Products Chemistry from the IQ- Conservation and sustainable use of the Araraquara-Unesp, on Pharmacology, from IB- 25 plant biodiversity from the Cerrado and Unicamp and IB-Botucatu-Unesp and on Biological the Atlantic Rainforest: chemical diversity Sciences, from FCF-Araraquara-Unesp have started a and prospecting for potential drugs collaboration 2 years ago, and have already produced a significative amount of work, with relevant results PROCESS on the investigation of plant species with anti-ulcer, 1998/05074-0 anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. These results arose from an COORDINATOR approach that includes ethnobotanical and ethno- Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani pharmacological research, pharmacological, micro- INSTITUTION biological and mutagenicity assays with crude Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / extracts or infusions, chemical screening to determi- São Paulo State University (Unesp) ne new chemical classes of compounds, isolation and structural determination of compounds and use the START: DEC 1998 compounds or enriched fractions to determine the FINISH: NOV 2004 possible pharmacological mechanisms of the action involved with the detected properties. This project The main goal of this project is to search for deals with the continuation of the integrated chemi- bioactive compounds from plants species occurring cal and pharmacological investigation of plant in the São Paulo State, specially in the remanescent extracts, this time investigating species that composes Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest. The screening of plant the bioma Cerrado of the State São Paulo, compara- extracts by means of bioassays designed to detect tively to the Bioma Cerrado of the State of Tocantins, potential anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal and which it is also under our investigation. To perform antimalarial compounds will establish a model for the phytochemical step we intend to use the usual further investments in this field in order to preserve, chromatographic techniques, mainly those for the to study and to exploit rationally the remaining flora analysis of polar substances (GPC, XAD2, DCCC, of São Paulo State. For some species selected in the HSCC, HPLC, etc) , and to determine the structure of screening, cell and tissue cultures will be developed the isolated compounds through spectrometric to allow preservation of its germplasm as a reliable methods (NMR, IR, UV, and MS). To evaluate the source of renewable materials. Undifferentiated tis- biological activities, the possibility of toxicicity and sues will also be used as an alternative source of genotoxicity effects of each species will be determi- compounds and for biosynthesis and regulation stu- ned. Simultaneously, we will evaluate the activity of dies of major secondary metabolites. the extracts and pure substances (or enriched fractions) against different experimental models of peptic ulcer disease which operate by distinct mecha- Sustainable use of the Brazilian nism of ulcerogenesis in man. The analgesic and 26 biodiversity: chemical and pharmacological antiinflammatory activities will be examined by prospection on higher plants using of chemical and thermal pain models and the classic inflammatory assays in rats or in mice. PROCESS Through these models, we will quickly evaluate the 2002/05503-6 presence or absence of these activities. The antimicrobial activity will be assayed against Gram positive COORDINATOR and Gram negative bacteria, and also on the etiologi- Wagner Vilegas cal agent of tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis. The deter- INSTITUTION mination of the antiulcerogenic mechanisms will be Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / investigated through the effect of the isolated subs- São Paulo State University (Unesp) tances (or enriched fractions) on specific receptors, enzymes and substances produced in response to the START: AUG 2003 gastric lesion, such as the expression of the new epider- FINISH: JUL 2008 mic growing factor. Simultaneously, the antioxidant activity of extracts/substances will also be evaluated, The apparent incompatibility between chemical mainly those related to the possible mechanisms of and pharmacological investigation of a plant species the antiulcerogenic activity. Furthermore, assays for can be solved with the strong determination of dea- the detection of mucus, prostaglandins, somatosta- 34 tin, gastrin and others involved with mechanisms of conduct studies on structure activity relationships gastric secretion will also be evaluated. Assays against (SAR) of some lead compounds previously identi- Helycobacter pylori, the most important bacterial fied; to sustain and maintain the virtual database pathogen of humans involved in the pathogenesis of (datamine) already initiated in phase I. peptic ulcer disease will also be performed. Finally, assays to detect the production of NO, H2O2 and TNF will be performed with extracts, substances and Search for potential antitumoral, enriched fractions to evaluate their potential immu- 28 antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, nostimulating activity. acetylcholInesterase and mieloperoxidase inhibitory natural compounds from Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest Conservation and sustainable use 27 of the diversity from Cerrado and Atlantic PROCESS Rainforest: chemical diversity and 2004/07932-7 prospecting for potential drugs – phase II COORDINATOR Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva PROCESS 2003/02176-7 INSTITUTION Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / COORDINATOR Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani São Paulo State University (Unesp) START: MAR 2005 INSTITUTION Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / FINISH: FEB 2009 São Paulo State University (Unesp) The changing strategies for preservation and sus- START: NOV 2004 tainable use of biodiversity in Brazil in the past few FINISH: AUG 2009 years evidences the intrinsic value of this enormous biological resource of potentially new bioactive The main goal of this project is to search lead compounds, and represents one of the greatest chal- molecules from plant species and endophytic fungi lenges nowadays facing the accelerated process of occurring in the State of São Paulo, especially in the devastation of several Brazilian biomes. The syste- Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest. The project was matic bioactivity evaluation of crude extracts and conceived to identify antioxidant, anti-inflamma- pure compounds from São Paulo State biota associa- tory, antifungal, anticancer, antimalarial and acetyl- ted with additional information on chromatogra- cholinesterase inhibition lead compounds from phic profile, spectrometric data and/or biological plant species of these biomes. With a strong multi- activity shall result in value-added material, which disciplinary relationship, this is the second phase of will be available for further studies. These might the bioprospecting program, initiated four years ago, converge to hits or lead compounds to pharmaceuti- when Biota-FAPESP was created as a permanent cal, agroceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics industry, FAPESP’s Program. Besides the main goals on drug which is expected to bring great contribution for discovery, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable conservation and sustainable economic develop- economic growth, this project also is supported on ment from the biodiversity of São Paulo State. advanced natural product chemistry knowledge such as: to evaluate, correlate and develop chemical methodologies to study intra- and inter-specific Native and cultivated passifloras in variability in some selected bioactive species; to 29 Brazil. Pharmacognostic, phytochemical develop micropropagation and cell cultures of rare and pharmacological evaluations plants producing active compounds; to study bios- concerning popular uses and ynthetic pathways and particularly determine the development of local phytomedicines activity of phenyltransferases, terpene cyclases and cytochrome P-450 oxido-reductases, for kinetic stu- PROCESS dies and further proteomic and functional analysis. 2004/07933-3 This should lead to the cloning of genes that even- tually can be used for recombinatorial biosynthesis COORDINATOR of heterolgous overexpression in other plants; to Massayoshi Yoshida 35

INSTITUTION metabolite production on a large-scale fermenta- Institute of Chemistry / tion. Another advantage is that manipulations in University of São Paulo (USP) culture conditions may lead to a wider range of compounds produced by fungi than it would be START: DEC 2004 available from traditional production of extracts FINISH: NOV 2008 from plants. In this project we propose to exploit the chemical and biological potential of endophytic and The rational and scientific use of medicinal soil fungi collected in São Paulo State in three plants from the Brazilian rainforest is currently con- approaches: i) obtainment of crude extracts from sidered an important scientific and therapeutical microbial cultures to be evaluated in antimicrobial alternative, mainly by the great pharmaceutical assays performed in our labs and other bioassays industries. The genus Passiflora, Passifloraceae, com- provided by the network. The most promising monly used by the folks in tropical and subtropical extracts will be fractionated, aiming to obtain new regions has already been proven to have potential leads for drug development; ii) obtainment of pro- therapeutical activities. The species Passiflora incar- ducts from biotransformation reactions of bioactive nata has been used in many countries as anxiolytic, natural products previously isolated in our labs sedative and antispasmodic in Brazil. Many phyto- (grandisin, budlein A and tagitinin C) and evalua- therapics (medicines) with Passiflora extracts can be tion of their biological activities in bioassays of the found in the market. However, as no therapeutical network, and iii) production of enzymes, which activity could yet be suitably proven, there are no might be useful in industrial processes (xylanase, scientific data of its efficacy. The present work aims glucose oxidase, phytase, amylase, acid and alkaline at isolating and biomonitoring the active substances phosphatases) and as new pharmaceuticals (L-aspa- of the extracts of the species. Eventualy the species raginase). The proposed antimicrobial screening, as with proven pharmacological activity will be charac- the first one, may be an indication of a wider range terized considering their macroscopic aspects, and of bioactivity, which shall be detected by the other the contents of their bioactive substances will also be assays available in the network. determined.

Bioprospection of the Brazilian 30 Bioprospection in fungi: the search 31 arthropods fauna searching for leader of lead compounds for drug design drugs for rational development of and enzymes for pharmaceutical novel pharmaceuticals and pesticides and industrial applications

PROCESS PROCESS 2006/57122-7 2004/07935-6 COORDINATOR COORDINATOR Mário Sérgio Palma Jairo Kenupp Bastos INSTITUTION INSTITUTION Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical São Paulo State University (Unesp) Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) START: DEC 2007 START: DEC 2004 FINISH: NOV 2011 FINISH: NOV 2008 Many modern medicines currently prescribed Fungi have been less explored than plants in bio- were initially discovered in the nature. Despite the prospecting programs, especially the endophytes, progresses in chemistry and in the development of which remain a promising and practically unexplo- sophisticated instruments used in the combinatorial red source of interesting bioactive natural products. synthesis of novel compounds, the scientists are still One of the major advantages of working with using the nature as source of inspiration for the microorganisms in a natural products discovery development of novel drugs. A substantial fraction program is the possibility to screen a vast number of of medicines under therapeutical use nowadays was cultures on a small scale, before identifying the directly or indirectly derived from bioactive natural microorganisms, while retaining a high probability compounds from plants and microorganisms. of success in reproducing both the activity and the Recently, the low molecular masses compounds 36 from animal origin have been subject of interest of gations of their interaction with membrane-mime- pharmaceutical and agrichemical companies. The tic systems, spectrofluorimetry, fluorescence micros- Arthropods are considered a source of potentially copy techniques, mass spectrometry associated to important of novel molecules, which offer notable HID exchange, molecular modeling of peptides and properties such as: high efficiency, low probability of molecular dynamics. From the point of view of development of microbial resistance, limited toxicity human resources this project also will deal with the and low immunogenicity to humans. Some Arthro- high qualification of young researchers in: structural pods produce toxins which may present unique elucidations of low molecular masses compounds actions in nervous systems and could become useful and peptides through the use of spectroscopic tools in neurobiology investigations; the knowledge approaches, organic synthesis and setting-up of about mechanisms of action of these toxins certainly pharmacological physiological bioassay screening will open new perspectives in the therapeutic area protocols. The promising compounds, presenting and in the development of specific bioinsecticides. some specific potential application at level of thera- In addition to the defensive used of low molecular peutic use, which may be used as models for future masses compounds, the spider also use these toxins drug development, will be submitted to a an intensi- to paralyze and/or to kill their preys, affecting the ve investigation about structure/activity relationship synaptic transmissions and blocking directly ion for a future rational development of novel drugs. channels and/or their associated receptors. Polycationic peptides constitute important toxins in the toxic secretions of from the social Hymenoptera, FOREST RESOURCES AND FOREST ENGINEERING presenting antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti- hypertensive and even analgesic effects, representing Inventory methods of the interesting model of compounds for the develop- 32 biodiversity of tree species ment of novel drugs for therapeutical uses. In order to bioprospect such types of compounds in the PROCESS Arthropod fauna from São Paulo State, the main 1999/08515-0 objectives of the present project are: To identify the most abundant low molecular masses compounds COORDINATOR from the toxic secretions of spiders and social Hilton Thadeu Zarate do Couto Hymenoptera presenting neuroactive actions; to elu- INSTITUTION cidate their molecular structures, to synthesize and Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University to submit them to pharmacological and physiologi- of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) cal bioassay screenings. As auxiliary tool in this type of investigation we intend to implement a platform START: JAN 2001 of metabolome analysis; Also the polycationic pepti- FINISH: MAR 2006 des will be investigated; their primary sequences will be determined, their secondary structure will be stu- This proposal has the objective of studying sam- died and their tridimensional structure will be assig- pling methods for inventorying arboreal species in ned; for some of these components their target- three biomas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: Dense receptors will identified. The elucidation of chemical Humid Forest, Semi Decidous Forest and Cerrado structures in general will be performed by using a (Arboreal Savana). Each selected area will be anal- series of spectroscopic techniques, such as: MS, ysed through the imagery of Landsat 7 or CBERS MS/MS, HRMS, 1H- and 13C-RMN, FT-IR, C, X- satellite, multispectral videography (blue, red and Ray, among other techniques. In the case of peptides near infrared bands) and field survey. It will be eval- Degradative Chemistry of Edman also will be used uated the possibility of using the products of the to sequence them. When necessary the elucidated remote sensing for mapping and stratification of the chemical structures will be synthesized and used for vegetation, in order to support field work. It will be functional characterization. The biological characte- studied in two different seasons: dry and wet. Three rization of the neuroactive compounds, will include sampling methods will be compared for each type the classical neuropharmacology approach, immu- and stratum. simple random sampling, systematic nohistochemistry and electrophysiology methods. sampling and cluster sampling. Also, it will be studied The investigation of the mechanism of action of the 4 methods of data collection in the field: fixed area polycationic peptides will focus traditional protocols plot, point sampling, quarter point, and crown of pharmacology for pain, analgesy and inflamma- intercept sampling. The efficiency of the methods tion; the investigation of the antibiotic action of will be compared. The biodiversity will be evaluated these peptides will consider strategies for the investi- in the different scales of the surveys using indexes 37 for measuring heterogeneity, richness and eveness. cies are also the most threatened by harmful human Besides of botanical identification of the trees, the 10 activities like deforesting and extensive use of fertili- most abundant species will be caracterized through zers and pesticides associated of intensive agricultu- the study of phytochemical products in order to ral activities, since as a whole, they are heavily depen- establish connection among the three biomas. dent on the allochthonous organic matter imported from the riparian vegetation to survive. Inside the São Paulo section of the upper Paraná system, our ZOOLOGY estimates indicate that the Pontal do Paranapanema, Alto Paranapanema, Peixe, Aguapeí, Baixo Tietê and Fish diversity of the headwaters and São José dos Dourados drainage basins (as defined in 33 streams of the upper Paraná river system the Biota-FAPESP synthesis map – Mapa Síntese do in State of São Paulo, Brazil Estado de São Paulo) are poorly sampled for fishes. The Médio Paranapanema, Turvo-Grande, Baixo PROCESS Pardo-Grande, Sapucaí-Grande and Piracicaba- 1998/05072-8 Capivari-Jundiaí drainage basins are moderately sampled and only the Tietê-Sorocaba, Tietê-Jacareí, COORDINATOR Tietê-Batalha, Mogi-Guaçú and Pardo drainage Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro basins are reasonably well sampled for fishes. That INSTITUTION means that of the 16 drainage basins composing the Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and São Paulo upper Paraná system portion, in terms of Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) ichthyofauna, six are poorly sampled, five are moderately sampled and five are well sampled, meaning START: DEC 1998 that about 70% of the São Paulo upper Paraná drai- FINISH: JUN 2003 nage basins are not satisfactorily explored for fishes in scientific terms. Thus, the main objective of this The so called upper Paraná River system includes Thematic Project is the study of the headwaters and the whole Paraná River drainage basin upriver from streams ichthyofaunas of the São Paulo portion of the former Sete Quedas falls (now drowned by the the upper Paraná River basin, through the applica- Itaipú Reservoir) and encompass large sized tributa- tion of an standardized methodology – application ries like the Rivers Grande, Paranaíba, Tietê and of a fish toxicant (rotenone), together with collectors Paranapanema. Geographically, the drainage basin equipped with dip nets and a block net – to 108 geo- approximately 900.000 km2 include the north of graphically separate field collection localities, sam- Paraná State, the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, the pled during 18 field trips distributed along the pro- majority of São Paulo State (west of the Serra do ject first three years, capable to obtain the following Mar), the south of Minas Gerais, the south of Goiás information about each one of them: 1) precise geo- and a small area of eastern Paraguay adjacent to Mato graphical location; 2) taxonomic composition of the Grosso do Sul. In the São Paulo State, according to ichthyofauna and contribution, as number of indivi- our estimates, the upper Paraná system contains 22 duals and biomass, of each species to whole fish com- families and approximately 170 described fish spe- munity; 3) body size range of the individuals of each cies, including the largest rivers of the State. These collected species; 4) main diet components of the large rivers main channels are inhabited by medium four numerically dominant collected species, found to large size fish species. Associated to these large through the analyses of the stomach contents of a rivers there is a huge number of streams and headwa- fraction of the individuals; 5) photographic docu- ters, inhabited primarily by small size fish species, mentation of selected specimens of each collected with restrict geographical distributions, with a small species with their live coloration; 6) a description of or inexistent commercial value and greatly depen- each collected environment, with photographic colo- dent of the riparian vegetation for food, shelter and red illustrations and its main biotic and abiotic para- reproduction. Small size fish species like those are meters (physiography; climate- physical dimensions; approximately 50% of the described freshwater fish vegetation and bottom type and structure- tempera- species of South America and shown a high degree of ture; current velocity- pH; dissolved oxygen; alkali- geographical endemism. The study of the small fres- nity and hardness); 7) representative collections (tis- hwater fish species systematics, evolution and general sue samples for nucleic acid extration) that, together biology is, without doubt, the great challenge and with the field data, allow the comparative analyses main frontier of the south American ichthyology in among the State different regions, aiming to perform the end of this century. Unfortunately, these fish spe- a quick diagnostic of their degree of conservation 38 and to recommend study and conservation priorities Systematics evolution and conservation for each one of them- and also to be able to evalua- 35 of eastern Brazilian mammals ted the success of the recommended conservation measures in the future. PROCESS 1998/05075-7

Survey and biology São Paulo COORDINATOR 34 State of benthic freshwater insects Mario de Vivo and oligochaetes INSTITUTION Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and PROCESS Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 1998/05073-4 START: MAR 1999 COORDINATOR FINISH: JUN 2004 Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich

INSTITUTION Eastern Brazil possess one of richest endemic Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and mammal faunas of South America. It is also the most Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) economically developed region of Brazil, with severe consequences to natural ecosystems. Any study of START: MAY 1999 the diversity of the mammal fauna of this region FINISH: MAY 2003 must contemplate systematic and evolutionary studies, as well as those devoted to conservation. The The present project aims at carrying on the fau- need for systematic and evolutionary studies is nistic survey of two groups of benthic freshwater explained by the extensive gaps in our knowledge of macroinvertebrates, insects and oligochates, with the mammalian taxa of the region, their geographic emphasis on lotic systems. The previous project distributions, their evolutionary history viz a viz that included also crustaceans and molluscs; for both a of the ecosystems they inhabit. We believe that most survey was made in the main hydrographic basins os of the knowledge produced by systematic studies the State. The area sampled for insects was smaller have a decisive impact on decisions made to preser- due to the much poorer knowledge of their taxo- ve the mammalian fauna and the ecosystems in nomy. The emphasis was on protected areas in Serra which they occur, beginning with a much more pre- do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira in order to have a cise listing and quantification of the diversity to be better knowledge of local faunas, ecological aspects preserved, and also the definition of geographic included. The survey of oligochaetes also was res- areas where significant fractions of this diversity are tricted, as the group was included into the project in located. Besides this, Brazil do not presently have a the beginning of its third year. For the present pro- sustained program of population monitoring for ject the area to be sampled is enlarged, with three important mammal species. This results in the fact new areas in the State, the State Parks of Vassununga, that National Parks and Biological Reserves are crea- Furnas do Bom Jesus and Caetetus. Two areas from ted in the country without any means for the res- the first project, The State Parks of Intervales and ponsible Federal and State institutions to know if the Campos do Jordão, are maintained because there are reservas are being effective in the conservation of the still ongoing research projects there. Samplings in mammalian fauna in particular and biotas in gene- the neighbourhood of the principal researchers' ins- ral. Thus, this project has two main goals: a) recog- titutions (Araraquara, São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto) nize, describe, map mammalian taxa in the region will also be continued. At the end of the second year encompassed by the project, as well as to propose of the project, the inclusion of new areas will be con- hypothesis about the evolution of eastern Brazilian sidered. The project comprises three subprojects, to mammal faunas; b) elaborate a low cost protocol for be carried on in an integraded manner, optimizing the monitoring of selected key species of mammals resources and field activities: Freshwater Diptera for very long periods of time, to be applied by insti- (Chironomidae, Simuliidae), Ephemeroptera, Pleco- tutions responsible for the maintenance of biologi- ptera, Trichoptera (EPT), and Oligochaeta. Other cal reserves in Brazil. The systematic part of this pro- aquatic insects will also be collected. A significant ject will be approached through the collection os part of the material will be deposited in the Museum specimens and their study under anatomical, cyto- of Zoology of the University of São Paulo. genetic and molecular studies, with ample consulta- 39 tion to existing collections of mammals. The popu- index.html), which helped us to determine which lation monitoring part of this project will be develo- localities shall be visited; and 3. Following a sugges- ped in a single study site, with the study of selected tion of a referee we have incorporated a collabora- target species, using several methods (capture-mar- tor familiar with ant sampling to the team, who has king-recapture, mapping of tracks and feces, deter- a strong background in designing faunistic surveys, mination of reproductive hormonal levels in feces). in special using ants. We designed a scheme cove- Besides the publication of articles relative to all par- ring three main points: a sufficient number of loca- ticular findings that will occur during the develop- lities to be compared in each subcenter, to increase ment of the project, we intend to publish a final the number of replicates within them; a more regu- synthetic work with the same name of the project, lar spacing of these localities, to be able to answer which will include complete systematic accounts and the gradient question; and localities along the the population monitoring protocol. Atlantic Rainforest biome representing two main classes of altitudes, to answer the altitude versus biogeography/ latitude as determinant of the spe- Biodiversity of cies distributions. Also we have decided to concen- 36 Isoptera and Hymenoptera trate all collecting in the evergreen dense forest subtype because we expect a richer fauna there in PROCESS relation to other Atlantic Rainforest subtypes, and 1998/05083-0 because it is the most well preserved kind of forest.

COORDINATOR Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão 37 Benthic marine biodiversity INSTITUTION in the State of São Paulo Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP) PROCESS 1998/07090-3 START: FEB 2000 FINISH: DEC 2004 COORDINATOR Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral

The project aims three basic objectives: to pro- INSTITUTION duce comparable inventories of Atlantic Rainforest Institute of Biology / Hymenoptera and Isoptera, to use the new quanti- Campinas State University (Unicamp) tative data to investigate the biogeographic division of the Atlantic Rainforest, and to determine how START: AUG 2000 hymenopteran and isopteran diversity patterns FINISH: APR 2005 vary with latitude, considering the urgent need of biodiversity studies in the Atlantic Rainforest, due In accordance with the objectives of the Special to anthropic pressure, and that the Atlantic Rain- Research Program Conservation and Sustainable Use forest, with a south-north extension of 15-20° of of the Biodiversity of the State of São Paulo - Biota- latitude, is particularly suited to this type of inves- FAPESP Program, this research proposal aims basi- tigation. Also, we consider that comparable data on cally an integrated survey of the biota of one of the hymenopteran and isopteran diversity and biotic less studied regions of the São Paulo State: the nor- similarity along the Atlantic Rainforest latitudinal thern coast. This is a complex environment that is gradient are interesting and publishable. We intend still well preserved, in great extent due to the presen- moreover to improve the representation of the taxa ce of two protected areas. Although the marine to be studied in Brazilian collections. We took in research in the State of São Paulo is one of the most consideration: 1. The preliminary analysis of the developed in the country, most of its littoral envi- ant litter fauna survey in Boracéia (one of the loca- ronments are still poorly known. and there is not a lities we have chosen for the comparisons), which comprehensive survey of its biota. Even considering helped us to design the collecting protocol to be the need for a qualitative evaluation of the study adopted in all localities. 2. the results of the recent area, this project is not limited to the systematic and workshop on the Conservation of the Atlantic Rain- distribution aspects, but also to provide a better Forest and Brazilian Southern Fields, organized by understanding of the relationships among the orga- Conservation International, the Brazilian Ministry nisms and the environment. Special effort will be of the Environment and a consortium of related directed to collecting standardization and to impro- organizations (http://www.conservation.org.br/ma/ vement of reference collections. An aim of the pro- 40 ject will be the production of field guides and data- our knowledge on the diversity of mites of agricul- bases with accessible information regarding the bio- tural interest, their natural enemies and associated logical taxa and its main results. arthropods in the State of São Paulo, with particular interest in the study of predators of potential or actual pest species. In addition to mites, other Diversity of mites of agricultural groups of arthropods to be considered in this study 38 importance and other are Araneae (spiders) and Insecta (insects), the for- arthropods associated with them mer as their natural enemies, and the second as their in the State of São Paulo natural enemies, their prey or their transporters. The work will be conducted by researchers of the De- PROCESS partments of Zoology and Entomology of Esalq/ 1998/07099-0 USP, Department of Zoology of Unesp – campus Botucatu and Unesp – campus São José do Rio Preto. COORDINATOR In addition, part of the work will also be conducted Gilberto José de Moraes in cooperation with researchers of the Department INSTITUTION of Botany of Esalq/USP and Department of Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University Entomology of Oregon State University. of São Paulo (Esalq/USP)

START: APR 1999 Biodiversity of Arachnida and Myriapoda FINISH: MAR 2004 39 of the State of São Paulo

Mites are organisms of the phylum Arthropoda, PROCESS subphylum Chelicerata, calss Arachnida and sub- 1999/05446-8 class Acari. Many mite species are important agricultural pests around the world, while others are COORDINATOR important natural enemies of pests. Mitres also Antônio Domingos Brescovit constitute the dominant group of soil animals. The INSTITUTION study of phytophagous mites and their natural ene- Butantan Institute / Ministry of State mies may turn possible a better management of pest of Health (SES-SP) species, through possible purposeful re-alterations of the biotic components of agrosystems and adja- START: JAN 2001 cent ecosystems, to promote the action of native FINISH: NOV 2006 natural enemies. Detailed studies of pest mites and their natural enemies under conditions may lead to The aim of this project is to inventory the the discovery of new promising species that could be Arachnida and Myriapoda fauna of the State of São made available for practical use. At the present stage, Paulo, within the Biota-FAPESP Program. This study at least as important as conducting diversity studies will be based on an extensive collection program, of mites and their natural enemies in the State of São covering various different areas of the State of São Paulo is putting together the information already Paulo and other states in the country, for a compari- present in the literature and making it promptly son between different fitogeographic areas and their available by electronic means to different sectors of fauna composition. In addition to São Paulo, we have society, from the lay people to those directly involved selected areas in surrounding States and in many in acarology. Similary, the adequate deposit of pre- other States that present interesting comparison served mite specimens representing the fauna of the areas, such as Central Western (Cerrado) and the State and their natural enemies in collections already Northeast (Mata de Tabuleiro). Four groups, three in existence deserve the same attention. This project arachnids (Araneae, Opiliones and Acari) and one proposes field studies to obtain new information on Myriapod (Chilopoda), will have priority during the diversity in 3 different regions in the State of São project, since thew are the most abundant in diversi- Paulo, representing the Cerrado and Atlantic Rain- ty, number of specimens, in samplings and special- forest ecosystems, the establishment/improvement ists. The collection program will be carried out over of data bases (accessible via Internet) of available two years. Four collection methods will be used and literature on different aspects of mites from São the sampling effort will be standardized, in order to Paulo, as well as the curation and electronic registra- sample the arachnid and myriapod fauna of these tion of reference collections of mites and spiders at biomes as much as possible, to obtain data on the different institutions. The objective is to improve composition and species richness of sampled areas 41 the and compare them. The sampling methodology The central aim of this project is to produce an will consist basically of manual collection, mainly at inventory of the anuran species that occur in São night, beating trays, pitfall traps and Winckler extrac- Paulo State, Brazil. As a consequence of the inven- tor. The collections should last for one week to ten tory we expect to reach the following aims: (1) To days in each area. The material obtained will be collect specimens of different species from São Paulo deposited in the Arachnida and Myriapoda collections State, as a way to improve scientific collections; (2) of the Butantan Institute and the Zoology Museum of the resolution of taxonomic problems as a way to the University of São Paulo. A poison bank will be cre- evaluate more precisely the real diversity of anuran ated, with the extraction from the specimens collect- species in São Paulo State; (3) to tape record the ed alive in order to begin the citogenetic study of var- vocalizations of anurans to expand the anuran voca- ious species, with initial priority being given to the lization collection, as a way to assist species identifi- Theraphosidae spiders. The species richness will be cations and resolution of taxonomic problems; (4) calculated using three methods of analysis: Log to study the life cycles of the species; (5) to evaluate Normal Distribution, Species Accumulation Curve the conservation of the ecosystems in São Paulo and the Jackknife standard (JACK1-SD). These three State based on the conservation of the anuran popu- methods will by analysed by the EstimtcS5 version lations; (6) to identify isolated species/populations 5.0.1 program. The richness and abundance of spiders threatened by extinction. We intend to publish the in each area will be compared through Variance results of this project in scientific periodicals, as well Analysis (ANOVA), and the difference between the as to use our results for the education. groups will be detected according to Tuckey Test. The project envisions a series of products for the scientific community, students and general public on the orders Evolution of the southeastern Brazilian of Arachnida and Myriapoda, such as: inventory of 41 reptile fauna from cretaceous: the arachnid and myriapod fauna of the state; ample paleontology, phylogeny and biogeography and representative collections of the Arachnida and Myriapoda fauna of the State; computerization the PROCESS collections of the Butantan Institute; scientific papers 2002/13602-4 published in national and international periodicals; identification keys for the main families of spiders COORDINATOR scorpions, harvestmen, mites and centipedes; specific Hussam El Dine Zaher data banks for the species of the State of São Paulo, INSTITUTION Brazil and South American countries, to be available Zoology Museum / via Internet and catalogs; textbooks in Portuguese on University of São Paulo (USP) Arachnida and Myriapoda, training of new specialists; poison bank of arachnids and centipedes; START: APR 2004 instructional leaflets, manual and CD-Rom on arach- FINISH: MAR 2008 nids and myriapods; courses and lectures. This project's main objective is the study of phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns of the rep- Diversity and conservation of the reptile tile fauna of southeastern Brazil, From the upper 40 fauna in the southeastern Atlantic Cretaceous to the present time, allowing the charac- Rainforest terization of expansion and retraction pulses that took place in the past 70 million years, and respon- PROCESS sible for the present configuration of the reptile bio- 2001/13341-3 diversity. The improvement of knowledge about these processes will help in the recognition of para- COORDINATOR meters leading to the loss of biodiversity (in diffe- Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad rent temporal scales) in southeastern Brazil and ulti- INSTITUTION mately contribute to the establishment of Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / conservation strategies and sustainable use of natu- São Paulo State University (Unesp) ral resources. Thus, and for the first time within the Biota-FAPESP Program, we intend to include START: MAY 2003 paleontological data in the study of biodiversity. The FINISH: APR 2008 traditional definition of extant reptiles encompasses 42 the clades Quelonii, Crocodylia and Squamata Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado. Other regions (including snakes, lizards and amphisbaenians). of Brazil will be surveyed in order to provide a com- These groups are represented in the Cretaceous and parative background for the reptile diversity pattern Tertiary fossil record of Brazil, thus providing an found in the Brazilian southeast. ideal database to the approach adopted in this project. Southeastern Brazil includes the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Minas Geographic limits and causal agents of Gerais, a privileged study area in the sense that it 42 Diptera endemism in the Atlantic Rainforest harbors a significant fraction of the Atlantic Rainf- orest and Cerrado biomes, besides the Bauru, ltabo- PROCESS raí and Taubaté fossil basins, and the carstic region 2003/10274-9 of the Ribeira river valley. This assemblage of sedi- mentary basins, biomes and carstic caves offers a COORDINATOR unique opportunity for sampling reptiles in a time- Dalton de Souza Amorim frame of 70 million years. ln order to develop the INSTITUTION study here proposed, it is necessary improve and Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and organize our knowledge of the reptile diversity Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) through geological time. The confection of such a survey will allow the cross-checking of data of extant START: DEC 2004 and past faunas in a vertical axis (chronostratigra- FINISH: NOV 2008 phic axis) hitherto unexplored within the Biota- FAPESP Program. The implementation strategy Knowledge on biodiversity does not correspond possesses seven major tines of scientific activities: merely to a list of names. Biological diversity is hete- (1) the survey of the reptile diversity in the State of rogeneously distributed in space. Even though atten- São Paulo from the upper Cretaceous to recent, thus tion given to biodiversity has grown in the last deca- compiling a database including all recent species des, quite few is actually known about the described so far as well as the specimens in natural geographic patterns of distribution of species and history collections; (2) To collect living and fossil the causes of these patterns. In other words, it is still reptiles in the biomes and fossil basins of southeas- not possible to map the distribution of Brazilian tern Brazil; (3) To develop phylogenetic studies of species of most groups -not even in the most well key extant and extinct taxa; (4) ln the case of extant Studied areas. Neither is it possible to determine the key taxa, to elaborate molecular and morphological sequence of events in the history of the continent phylogenies in order to contrast their results; (5) To that have determined these patterns of distribution. combine data on the distribution of fossil and living This deficiency in knowledge has implications for taxa with phylogenies and identified timeframes, to the conservation policy and for the understanding of study past and present biogeographic and faunistic basic evolutionary processes. Conservation deci- patterns of the Brazilian southeast; (6) To develop sions greatly depend on the precise knowledge of the fine morphological studies aiming the understan- geographic distribution of species. The understanding of the evolution of complex structures in repti- ding of the evolution rate deeply depends of a cor- les; (7) To strength collections and study groups of rect association between geographic limits of species vertebrate paleontology in the State of São Paulo and the age of the events causing these cladogenetic through the creation of laboratories for preparation processes. In the literature, biological and biogeo- and study of fossils in the Museu de Zoologia and graphic theories strongly clash on this respect. This the FFCLRP of the University of São Paulo. The project intends to use biological material collected Cretaceous and Tertiary will be surveyed in the fol- with standardized methods along the Atlantic lowing basins: Bauru basin (upper Cretaceous); lta- Rainforest, with emphasis on the State of São Paulo, boraí basin (paleocene); Taubaté basin (Eocene - to delimit areas of endemism of Diptera groups and Oligocene). Pleistocene and Holocene material will to apply phylogenetic and biogeographic methods of be collected in the carstic caves of the Vale do Ribeira analysis to study congruence among these patterns. (Ribeira river valley) in the State of São Paulo, in Biogeographic patterns congruent with the geologi- southern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais. The cal history of South America point to groups asso- extant reptile fauna will be sampled in localities ciated to the geological origin of the continent in the within the two major biomes of the southeast: the Gondwanaland, in a way that the diversity of these 43 groups would have slowly originated along the last the neighbourhood of the principal researchers 80,000,000 years. Patterns that disagree from the institutions (Araraquara, São Carlos and Ribeirão general biogeographical pattern and of South Preto) will also be continued. At the end of the sec- America geological history probably originated in ond year of the project, the inclusion of new areas the region due to dispersion, specially from the will be considered. The project comprises three sub- Nearctic Region. The study of a rich assemblage of projects, to be carried on in an integraded manner, Diptera specimens along the project allows the cons- optimizing resources and field activities: Freshwater truction of a Home Page with photographs, identifi- Diptera (Chironomidae, Simuliidae), Ephemeroptera, cation keys, catalogs of Neotropical species, and Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT), and Oligochaeta. information on biology and distribution maps. This Other aquatic insects will also be collected. A signif- is a efficient mechanism of making technical infor- icant part of the material will be deposited in the mation available for a public with different levels of Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo. interest on Diptera or on conservation.

Survey and biology of aquatic 43 Insecta and Oligochaeta in lotic systems in the State of São Paulo

PROCESS 2003/10517-9

COORDINATOR Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich

INSTITUTION Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)

START: JAN 2005 FINISH: DEC 2008

The present project aims at carrying on the faunistic survey of two groups of benthic freshwater macroinvertebrates, insects and oligochates, with emphasis on lotic systems. The previous project included also crustaceans and molluscs; for both a survey was made in the main hydrographic basins os the State. The area sampled for insects was smaller due to the much poorer knowledge of their taxonomy. The emphasis was on protected areas in Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira in order to have a better knowledge of local faunas, ecological aspects included. The survey of Oligochaetes also was restricted, as the group was included into the project in the beginning of its third year. For the present project the area to be sampled is enlarged, with three new areas in the State, the State Parks of Vassununga, Furnas do Bom Jesus and Caetetus. Two areas from the first project, The State Parks of Intervales and Campos do Jordão, are maintained because there are still ongoing research projects there. Samplings in

Caraguatá (Bromelia balanceae)

Young Researchers in Emerging Centers L H 47

ECOLOGY INSTITUTION Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Spatial components of the diversity of Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 1 aquatic insects in streams of the Atlantic TART MAY 006 Rainforest in the State of São Paulo S : 2 FINISH: OCT 2010

PROCESS 2002/12538-0 Fig trees are a key resource for the functioning of tropical forests, since they provide food for fig-eat- COORDINATOR ing animals in periods of shortage of fruits from Adriano Sanches Melo other species. In addition, they play an important role in the regeneration and recomposition of vege- INSTITUTION tal communities, attracting fig-eating animals, dis- Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and persers in turn of other vegetal species. In the face of Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) the intense process of fragmentation suffered in the START: NOV 2003 State of São Paulo and in other regions of the coun- FINISH: MAR 2004 try, this Project has the aim of understanding the functioning and evaluating the sensitivity of Ficus The project has the aim of studying patterns and populations to the fragmentation of the habitat, processes which act upon the diversity of insects in investigating the following questions: (1) Do the streams. Some subprojects will tackle the diversity of diversity and wealth of species of wasp associated insects in general during the aquatic phase (generally with the Ficus species vary according to the level of immature). In other subprojects, attention will be fragmentation and disturbance of the habitat? (2) If given to the adults (terrestrial) of an important present, is this variation an indication that the popu- component of the fauna of insects in rivers, the lations of Ficus are close to critical size? (3) Is there a Trichoptera. In the subprojects which tackle patterns limitation of pollen in the small or very degraded of diversity, the collections will be handled in a hie- fragments? (4) Is the level of parasitism by non-pol- rarchical manner, in such a way as to enable interfe- linating wasps greater in small or very degraded rences on the spatial components of the diversity. In fragments? For this purpose, samples of figs close to the subprojects that deal with processes that act the emergence of the wasps will be collected in upon the diversity, studies are intended which will plants of the species of Ficus found in forest frag- evaluate the effect of natural disturbances as well as ments of different sizes. The seeds, the pollinating disturbances of anthropic origin. Among the pro- wasps (pollen vectors) and the non-pollinating wasps ducts envisaged, are the determinations of associa- (parasites of the mutualism) produced by the fig will tions between larvae and adults of Trichoptera, iden- be quantified to evaluate the relationship of these tification keys of the genuses of Trichoptera (larva reproductive components with the size and level of and adult), an estimate of the number of Trichoptera degradation of the forest fragments studied. in São Paulo and the proportion of species already described, determination of the recurrent characteristics of communities in preserved and degraded OCEANOGRAPHY environments and understanding of the effects caused by disturbances of natural and anthropic origin. Blooming of potentially 3 harmful microalgae on the coast of the State of São Paulo Effects of the Forest fragmentation in the 2 State of São Paulo and other regions of PROCESS the south and southeast of the country in 2002/13725-9 the functioning of populations of fig trees COORDINATOR and in the fig-wasp mutualism of figs Maria Célia Villac

PROCESS INSTITUTION 2004/10299-4 Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation / University of Taubaté (Unitau) COORDINATOR Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira START: FEB 2004 FINISH: FEB 2008 48

Microalgae are important constituents of the CHEMISTRY base of the food chain of aquatic environments. However, in specific situations as in the case of a Chemical, biological and biosynthetic harmful bloom (= red tide), the microalgae can have 4 evaluation of species of red a deleterious effect which affects activities such as macroalgae of the Bostrychia sailing, fishing, aquaculture, recreation, quality of (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) genus waters and public health, as well as the aquatic biota itself. The increasing incidence and duration of PROCESS harmful blooms, on a global scale, leads to the need 2005/53808-9 for studies which will make it possible to understand its causes, predict its occurrences and mitigate its COORDINATOR effects. The general objective of this research is to Hosana Maria Debonsi establish a nucleus of studies on the potentially INSTITUTION harmful microalgae with easy access to the coasts of Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical the State of São Paulo. This goal will be achieved by Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) securing the following specific objectives (and respective products expected): 1) to create a micros- START: NOV 2005 copy laboratory with a library specialized in taxo- FINISH: OCT 2009 nomy of marine microalgae which will enable prompt responses to emergencies related to possible Red macroalgae of the Rhodomelaceae family blooms; 2) to recruit and train personnel in identifi- were collected on the Costões Rochosos of the Ilha cation of marine microalgae, since the training of do Cardoso, coast of the State of São Paulo, where a human resources in this specialty is a lacuna to be complex of taxons was observed consisting of filled by the State of São Paulo; 3) to undertake the Bostrychia radicans f. radicans, B. radicans f. monili- survey of the occurrence of potentially harmful spe- forme and Bostrychia sp. The B. radicans complex cies (and associated flora) to draw up a catalogue of was subjected to morphological and experimental species (on CD-Rom) which will provide didactic studies with the aim of evaluating the vegetative support for the training of personnel and contribu- development in different conditions of temperature te to the knowledge of the biodiversity of marine and salinity. For this purpose, unialgal cultures were microalgae on the coast of the State of São Paulo; 4) established based on the macroalgae collected, to study the space and time tendencies of occurren- which presented excellent tolerance to different con- ce of the target-species, identifying their conditio- ditions of temperature (15 to 30°C) and salinity (5 ning factors, to support the elaboration of a monito- to 65 UPS). In this way, these species prove excellent ring program applied to aquaculture; 5) to isolate matrices for the undertaking of phytochemical stu- the target species for the creation of a bank of cultu- dies, since they can be collected independently of cli- res, an essential condition for future studies of mor- matic conditions, in addition to being able to be kept phology, ecophysiology, molecular biology and eco- in in vitro conditions. In the literature, few articles toxicology. This involves a joint effort by various referring to the Bostrychia genus were found, but teaching and/or research institutions in the State of there is a diversity of metabolites with expressive São Paulo, namely, University of Taubaté (host insti- biological activity described for the Laurencia genus, tution), Fisheries Institute and Cetesb (agency of the highlighting halogenated, acetogenin, and sesquiter- Government of the State of São Paulo responsible pene substances with proven bactericidal activity. for the control, inspection, monitoring and licensing Thus, the phytochemical and biological study of this of activities that generate pollution, with the aim of complex of taxons is justified, given that substances preserving and restoring the quality of the waters, isolated from the Rhodomelaceae family have pre- the air and the soil). The interest and the contribu- sented unheard of structures and often significant tion which these institutions bring to the project biological properties. With the chemical profile esta- reflect the awareness of the need for this study, given blished, it will be possible to initiate the preliminary the potential offered by the São Paulo coast for acti- biosynthetic studies using the unialgal in vitro cultu- vities of aquaculture and also for leisure. The project res of the algae of the Bostrychia genus, which makes is expected to run for 4 years, a period in which it is excellent fresh source material for the evaluation of hoped to generate a wealth of knowledge on the sub- the enzymatic activity in vegetal extracts. ject, as well as a work team, which together will constitute the foundations for the continuity of the activities of this emerging center in future projects. 49

Studies on the biotransformation The present work has the general objective of 5 of pentacyclic triterpenes obtaining structural analogues of pimaradienoic by filamentous fungi and evaluation acid, a diterpene present in large quantity in the of the antitumoral and trypanocide roots of Viguiera arenaria Baker, which has proven a activities of the derivates significant capacity to inhibit the contractile response of the vascular smooth muscle of mice, due to its PROCESS capacity to reduce the influx of Ca+2 through the 2005/59329-5 blocking of the channels operated by voltage and receiver. In addition to this well-established activity, COORDINATOR preliminary studies showed the arterial pressure of Niege Aracari Jacometti Cardoso Furtado mice normotense in vivo, as well as inhibiting the INSTITUTION dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme of Trypa- Adjunct Pro-Rectory of Research and nossoma cruzi (TcDHODH), an excellent pharmaco- Post-graduation / University of Franca (Unifran) logical target for the discovery of new potentially promising substances to combat parasites that cause START: NOV 2006 Chagas disease. The structural modifications propo- FINISH: OCT 2010 sed in this Project will be achieved through the technique of fungal biotransformation, using four diffe- The framing of this proposal in the Biota-FAPESP rent genuses of fungus, so as to guarantee the Program, BIOprospecTA subprogram, could prove to variability of the analogues produced. The diterpe- make a substantial contribution to the investigations nes isolated and identified will then be evaluated on which are currently underway among groups that the inhibitory capacity of the TcDHODH enzyme make up the Network. In this project it is proposed to and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscle make available the extracts of culture media from the in the aorta of mice, with the aim of selecting new fungi and the derivatives isolated to be evaluated in compounds more active than pimaradienoic acid, so the Network’s biotrials, as well as to make available that in a stage beyond the development of this the biotransformation trials for other bioactive subs- Project they can be tested with regard to their anti- tances provided by the other groups. The collabora- hypertensive and trypanocide potential. tion with the groups of the Network will provide greater chances of obtaining satisfactory results, given the availability of undertaking different trials ZOOLOGY such as the extracts and the isolated derivatives. Evaluation of the biotic integrity 7 of the rivers of the northwest region Obtaining structural analogues of the State of São Paulo, Alto Paraná 6 of pimaradienoic acid through the process basin, using communities of fish of fungal biotransformation and study of the effect of these metabolites on the PROCESS activity of the TcDHODH enzyme and 2001/13340-7 on the contraction of the vascular smooth muscle of the aorta artery of mice COORDINATOR Lilian Casatti PROCESS INSTITUTION 2007/54762-8 São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, COORDINATOR Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio University (Ibilce/Unesp)

INSTITUTION START: JUL 2002 Adjunct Pro-Rectory of Research and FINISH: DEZ 2007 Post-graduation / University of Franca (Unifran) The present project has the principal objective START: FEB 2008 of evaluating the biotic integrity of the rivers of the FINISH: JAN 2012 Turvo-Grande and São José dos Dourados hydro- generating units, in the northwest region of the 50

State of São Paulo, using biological attributes of communities of fish. This study will be conducted through the adaptation and application of the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for each of the units dealt with here. As final product, the rivers studied will be classified in categories of biotic integrity, capable of providing a precise diagnosis of the health of the rivers of the region in question, fundamental in order for measures of conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity of the region to be taken in the future. In addition to this, the present proposal is complementary in character to two projects of the Biota-FAPESP Program, already in an advanced stage of development, which are aimed at the inventorying and computerization of the taxonomic knowledge of the fauna of the rivers of this region, a fundamental factor in making possible the undertaking of studies of biotic integrity.

A kind of Savanna

Support for Regular Research L H 53

BIOPHYSICS UFSCar), Prof. Dr. Roberto Gomes de Souza Berlinck (DFQ-IQSC) and Prof. Dr. Monica Tallarico Use of HTS tests in the identification Puppo (FMRP). The major goal of the research 1 of leading compounds of natural products developed in the Laboratory is to perform both and approaches to rational planning applied and basic research as well as technological of medicines for selected targets of development. This effort focuses in areas of parasitic diseases Structure-Based Molecular Design, specifically and directly related to the BIOprospecTA initiative, in PROCESS the rational design of new structure-based com- 2005/51966-6 pounds and in protein engineering.

COORDINATOR Otávio Henrique Thiemann BIOLOGY INSTITUTION São Carlos Institute of Physics / Qualitative and quantitative University of São Paulo (USP) 2 ethnobotanical studies in traditional communities in the PETAR – START: FEB 2006 Alto Ribeira State and Tourist Park FINISH: JAN 2008 and its environs, Iporanga, SP

In order to discover new pharmacologically acti- PROCESS ve compounds for target diseases, I two strategies 2002/07687-7 can be adopted in parallel: One is the screening in biological or biochemical assays of large numbers of COORDINATOR extracts or pure compounds, both from natural Lin Chau Ming sources and compound libraries, while the other INSTITUTION strategy involves the computational search of libra- Botucatu School of Agronomic Sciences / ries of compounds with the aid of the 30 crystal São Paulo State University (Unesp) structure of the target enzyme or using the chemical structure of known bioactive compounds. The pro- START: SEP 2003 bability of finding positive hits of bioactive com- FINISH: OCT 2006 pounds depends on the number and diversity of the samples screened and the diversity of assays emplo- The region of the basin of the river Ribeira de yed. After a compound is identified, the structural Iguape in SP represents one of the few and rather characterization may be required. A substantial part well conserved remnants of Atlantic Rainforest, in of the effort in lead compound identification and which one finds long-standing human populations improvement is dedicated to the analysis of the inte- and from different ethnic origins. The region ractions of the compound with its target enzyme. represents a challenge, in the sense of trying to These studies require the building of compound reconcile the conflicting interests which act upon data bases and of advanced tools in medicinal che- it, principally that of the possibility of conservation mistry. The present proposal aims to implement of the forests and of the occupation of the forests biochemical assays known as High Throughput by populations which develop their culture and Screening (HTS), using automated systems and way of life there. A study will be undertaken, made small sample volumes, contributing with the overall up of 3 subprojects, which aim to study and effort of the BIOprospecTA network. The organiza- research traditional knowledge for the use and tion of compound data bases were the chemical and management of local natural resources related to structural information as well as the inhibitory acti- flora, with the contribution of Ethnobiology and vity of each compound will be organized allowing Ethnoecology, as well as analyze chemical and eco- the application of advanced medicinal and compu- logical aspects of vegetal species of use to the local tational methods for the identification and further human populations, using data from previously optimization of hits and lead compounds. At pre- undertaken surveys. The work will be carried out sent, we are performing biological screenings in by a multi and pluridisciplinary team, from Unesp, collaboration with the natural product chemistry UEL, Fiocruz and a local NGO, with the support laboratories of Prof. Dr. Paulo Cezar Vieira (DQ- and participation of local communities. 54

Bioluminescent coleopterans (fireflies) Proteasome inhibitors promote cell death in the 3 of the Atlantic Rainforest: biodiversity cells of mammals by a process described, in many and use as environmental indicators cases (depending on the cell lineage and dose), as apoptosis. This activity on the part of the specific PROCESS inhibitors of protease has been explored as poten- 2006/51911-0 tially beneficial in the chemotherapy of several tumors including solid and hematological ones. A COORDINATOR highlight of recent scientific literature is the synthe- Vadim Viviani tic inhibitor known as bortezomib soon to be intro- INSTITUTION duced into clinical medicine. Other evidence of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) / therapeutic potential of these inhibitors are the stu- Campus Sorocaba dies which have been published in recent years on the search for these compounds within products of START: JUN 2007 natural origin, in addition to the chemical research FINISH: MAY 2009 of innumerable new synthetic compounds. The present study proposal has the objective of identifying Brazil is the country with the greatest diversity of among the natural products made available by the species of bioluminescent coleopterans, concentra- Biota-FAPESP Program, compounds that may be ting around 25 per cent of the species described and specific inhibitors of proteasome. The methodology probably an even higher number not described. In to be used implies microtrials and envisages the addition to constituting important species from the monthly screening of hundreds of extracts and/or biotechnological point of view, as they provide bio- isolated derivatives. It will consist of the measure- luminescent enzymes and substrates with a bioa- ment of the activity of the proteasome in the presen- nalytical value, this variety of species has great ce of these products through the intermediary of tri- potential for use as environmental indicators of als on microplates, given that the proteasome will be luminous pollution, in urban centers and for the isolated from a strain of S. cerevisiae where one of recovery of degraded areas, as has been done in the subunits of the catalytic complex 20S is modified Japan for some years. We plan to continue our cata- with a polyhistidine tag which enables the purifica- loguing of the biodiversity of the Lampyridae, tion of the 20S complex in a few hours. The second Phengodidae and Elateridae families in the Atlantic phase of the project envisages the study of the speci- Rainforest bioma of the State of São Paulo, to study ficity of the potential inhibitors found in the first their evolution from the molecular aspect and to use stage. The specificity of the inhibitors will be evalua- some key-species (based on my long experience with ted by means of immunoprecipitation trials and this taxonomic group in Brazil), as environmental enzymatic kinetics. After the identification and indicators of marshy and brook areas. selection of the specific inhibitors of proteasome, evaluation will be undertaken of the pro-apoptotic activity of these compounds. The trials in this phase BIOCHEMISTRY of the project will be undertaken in cultures of tumor cells of diverse strains in which the cell viabi- Screening for specific proteasome lity will be evaluated and the characterization of the 4 inhibitors followed by the apoptotic process undertaken by means of trials determination of proapoptotic and already consolidated in the literature. The stages of antitumoral properties in cell culture the project which involve the tests of the apoptotic effect on the culture of tumor cells and studies of cell PROCESS viability could, as it is desirable for the program, be 2004/07636-9 undertaken in collaboration with other groups within BIOprospecTA whose experimental objectives are COORDINATOR similar. Marilene Demasi

INSTITUTION Butantan Institute / Search for inhibitors of antioxidant Ministry of State of Health (SES-SP) 5 proteins of Xylella fastidiosa

TART EC S : D 2004 PROCESS FINISH: NOV 2006 2004/07709-6 55

COORDINATOR tion has been considered one of the most viable Luís Eduardo Soares Netto forms of the multiplication of Asteraceae, which generates doubts as to the role of seeds. Thus, this INSTITUTION work seeks to test whether the type of propagation Institute of Biosciences / adopted by the species is related to its fertility, by University of São Paulo (USP) means of a comparative study of the embryology of START: OCT 2004 species of Asteraceae in the Cerrado. To this end, we FINISH: JUN 2008 chose pairs of species belonging to the same genus, in tribes not related phylogenetically, one with pre- Plants and animals respond to infections by dominantly vegetative propagation (presence of rhi- pathogenic agents using among other mechanisms zophores) and another with predominantly sexual an oxidative burst. In this way, Xylella fastidiosa and propagation. Buds, flowers and achenes in various other pathogenic agents have to overcome the oxida- stages of development will be collected in areas of tive burst generated by plants to be successful in the the Cerrado in the State of São Paulo and subjected infection. Our objective in this project is the search to treatment for studies of (1) viability tests of the for potential inhibitors of antioxidant enzymes of tetrads, of the pollen grain, of the embryo and of the Xyllela fastidiosa in banks of extracts and pure com- achene, (2) development of the grain of pollen, of pound of plants, microorganisms, marine organisms the embryo, of the endosperm and the seed-coat, and other natural sources. Several antioxidant pro- and (3) ultra-structure of the pollen grain. The teins of Xyllela fastidiosa have already been cloned, results found will make it possible to evaluate the expressed and purified in my laboratory. In addition, occurrence of rhizophores in these species associa- relationships between protein structure and func- ted with the decrease in the fertility, which would tion are being investigated within the Structural suggest a substitution of sexual reproduction by Molecular Biology Network (SMOLBnet). vegetative propagation. In addition, the results will generate information on the reproductive potential of the species, assisting projects in conservation of BOTANY the flora of the Cerrado.

Embryology of species of Asteraceae 6 in the Cerrado lato sensu Morphoanatomy of the vegetative 7 organs and chemical profile of species of the Smilax l. (Smilacaceae) genus PROCESS 2003/06490-8 PROCESS COORDINATOR 2005/58964-9 Simone de Pádua Teixeira COORDINATOR INSTITUTION Beatriz Appezzato da Glória Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) INSTITUTION Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University START: JUL 2004 of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) FINISH: JUN 2007 START: FEB 2006 The Asteraceae family is fairly representative of FINISH: JAN 2008 the flora in the Brazilian Cerrado, with around 540 species registered. Its representatives present develo- The taxonomic confusion that occurs between ped root system, with the formation of rhizomes, different species of the Smilax genus, known popu- xylopodes and adventitious buds occurring fre- larly as sarsaparilla, could be solved, with a more quently, in the secondary roots. The rhizophores, solid basis for its identification, through the charac- especially, in addition to the reserve function, lend terization and definition of anatomical and chemi- themselves to vegetative propagation, a phenome- cal particularities. These plants are used in popular non observed in disturbed environments, princi- medicine as a tonic, against rheumatism and anti- pally through the action of fire. Vegetative propaga- syphilitic. The objective of this work will be to des- 56 cribe the morphoanatomy of the above-ground and been neglected in favor of smaller and more clearly subterranean vegetative organs of six species of defined genuses. Due to the large size and diversity, Smilax L, to undertake seed germination studies to no complete taxonomic treatment for the genus has verify the viability of the culture, to analyze the been undertaken since Prodromus and, in Brazil, the ontogenesis of the subterranean system of Smilax Flora brasiliensis. Thus, in many herbariums in polyantha to clarify the establishment of the secon- Brazil (and in the world), it is common to find a dary structure, to carry out cytogenetic studies and large quantity of non-identified (or badly identified) analyze the chemical profile of Smilax polyantha and Croton collections at the level of species, which the other species proposed (in the event there is an require, urgently, a discerning taxonomic study. abundance of material and the results with S. pol- Thus, in order to contribute to the better understan- yantha are promising). For structural analyses, we ding of the taxonomic aspects and the phylogeny of will use permanent and semi permanent slides Croton on a global scale, it is intended to carry out made up from section of the vegetative organs the floristic and taxonomic survey of Croton in the obtained freehand or through rotating microtome southeast region, in pursuit of a better understan- after fixing, dehydrating and infiltrating in synthe- ding and circumscription of the species, as well as tic resin or vegetal material. The results will be the survey of information on the morphology, bio- recorded through photomicrographs and in botani- logy, biogeography, among others, trying to gather cal illustrations. To determine the chemical profile, the greatest number of features, including molecular chemical extraction will be undertaken, chromato- so that subsequently they may be used in cladistic graphic triage, isolation and structural identifica- analyses of the group. All the collected samples will tion of the substances isolated. Seed germination be georeferenced and the data included in the data- tests and analysis of rooting and sprouting of cut- base of the Biota-FAPESP Program. tings will be carried out with the aim of understanding the potential for propagation of these species and, consequently, provide information for their ECOLOGY sustainable use. Biodiversity of interaction between 9 fruit-eating vertebrates and plants of the Taxonomic aspects of Croton L. Atlantic Rainforest of southeast Brazil 8 (Euphorbiaceae) in the southeast region of Brazil PROCESS 1998/05090-6 PROCESS 2007/51439-1 COORDINATOR Wesley Rodrigues Silva COORDINATOR Letícia Ribes de Lima INSTITUTION Institute of Biology / Campinas INSTITUTION State University (Unicamp) Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for START: DEC 1998 the Environmental (SMA-SP) FINISH: JUN 2003 START: DEC 2007 FINISH: NOV 2009 Mutualistic interactions between flowering plants and frugivorous vertebrates came to a climax The Croton L. genus is the second largest and in the tropical forests, where many species of birds most diverse of the Euphorbiaceae with around and mammals contribute successfully to the disper- 1,200 species, grouped in 40 sections, with pantropi- sal of seeds of different plant families. Especially in cal distribution, of which the majority occur in the the neotropics, frugivores comprise a significant but Americas. In South America, Brazil is the country fragile component of the total vertebrate biomass, which congregates the greatest number of species, being strongly affected by habitat fragmentation or approximately 356. Of these, 172 are found in the deterioration, bringing unknown consequences for southeast region, this being probably, the center of the plants they disperse. Traditionally, biodiversity diversity of the genus. Croton is a good example of studies rely mainly on accounts of animal or plant the “genus problem” – which is big and taxonomi- taxa found in a given area, but little attention is given cally complex – and perhaps for this reason it has to the trophic structure linking these taxa, which 57 ultimately determines the maintenance of spatial pical systems and their standardized sampling tech- heterogeneity and taxonomical diversity in tropical niques allow multiple comparisons within and bet- forests. The general purpose of this project is to ween communities, both groups will be used as a assess and monitor the biodiversity of interactions key-component in the overall analysis of the frugi- between seed plants and frugivorous vertebrates, vores community in the study areas. The matrixes of through their qualitative and quantitative aspects, frugivory interactions will allow correlations of and look for the major ecological and evolutionary morphometrical (fruit and seed mass, number of trends and patterns that regulate the mutualistic seeds per fruit, gape width, body mass, etc) and che- association within these communities. This mical / physiological (pattern of seed deposition in approach is integrated to the objectives of the special faeces, nutrient and energetic content of fruits) research program Conservation and sustainable use variables from both fruits and animals. The compa- of the biodiversity in the State of São Paulo – Biota- rison of the values obtained from the matrixes for FAPESP. The biome chosen to carry out this study is interacting pairs of species, feeding guilds or the the Atlantic Rainforest of south-eastern Brazil, at the whole frugivores community, along with the estima- Intervals State Park (ISP) The main purpose will be tion of connectance between communities and its achieved by: a) recording the fruit diet of frugivo- relation to morphological, ecological and filogenetic rous vertebrates year round; b) describing morpho- determinants, will allow to evaluate how diverse and logical, phenological, and chemical traits of the functionally integrated a community is, providing fruits eaten by frugivores; c) describing morphologi- basic information for its management and conserva- cal and behavioral traits of frugivores, as well as the tion. All data sets will be integrated to geographical variation in fruit consumption in both time and information systems (GIS). space; d) elaborating matrixes of interactions between plants and animaIs in the different communities to be studied, and examining the ecological and Fish and fishing in the Atlantic evolutive patterns that define their structure and 10 Rainforest in the south of the State organization; e) determining the keystone species of of São Paulo (Brazil) plant and animals in the communities studied, which are expected to participate in a significant PROCESS number of interactions, and verifying the use of fru- 1999/04529-7 givores as indicator-species in studies of biodiversity and conservation; f) distinguishing different levels COORDINATOR of biodiversity between communities through the Walter Barrella comparison of indexes that express the interactions' INSTITUTION richness and complexity, like "connectance" and Sorocaba Center for Medical and Biological "dependence"; g) elaboration of theoretical models Sciences / São Paulo Pontifical Catholic University for connectance between natural communities, (PUC-SP) making testable predictions over the relations between filogeny, biodiversity, complexity, and stability. START: NOV 2000 This project will be carried out in four years. The FINISH: FEB 2004 study sites will be three areas in the altitudinal gradient occurring at the ISP.Each area will be visited at The largest preserved areas of Atlantic Rainforest least on a monthly basis by the different work groups are located in the southern region of the State of São during two consecutive years (two of them simulta- Paulo (Brazil). The rivers and streams existing in this neously). Botanical data will include collection and region are home to a community of fish still hardly identification of zoochorous plants, their habitat known, despite the intense activity of artisanal and characteristics, descriptions and measurements of sport fishing practiced. The present work aims to fruits and seeds, phenological records, chemical carry out ecological studies on the communities of analyses of nutritive and secondary compounds in fish, identifying the main fishing localities, in addi- fruits. Zoological data will include field observation tion to gathering together the ethnobiological kno- of frugivores feeding behavior, collecting of fecal wledge related to the fishing practiced by the local samples with mist-nets (birds and bats) and along populations of sporting fishermen. There will also trails (other mammals), descriptions and measure- be suggestions of proposals for the management of ments of morphological traits associated with fruit- fishing and ecological tourism to be applied in this eating behavior (taken in field or museum). As birds region of the State of São Paulo. and bats are the most important seed carriers in tro- 58

Floristic and structural characterization COORDINATOR 11 of six fragments of the seasonal Mauro Galetti Rodrigues semidecidual forest in the environmental INSTITUTION protection area of Souzas and Joaquim Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / Egídio, Campinas, SP São Paulo State University (Unesp)

PROCESS START: OCT 2002 1999/06999-0 FINISH: JAN 2006

COORDINATOR Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita Currently there is a lot of controversy regarding the most efficient manner for the conservation of tro- INSTITUTION pical ecosystems, and in particular, on the role that Institute of Biology / Campinas protected areas perform to attain this objective. Birds State University (Unicamp) and large-sized mammals are among the most vulne- rable to over-exploitation by hunting, loss of habitat, START: APR 2001 trafficking or competition for resources with human FINISH: JUN 2003 beings. In tropical forests the animals that consume fruit (frugivores) make up around 80 per cent of the The proposed project aims at discovering and biomass of all the vertebrates, exercising a fundamen- comparing the floristic composition, phytosociolo- tal role in the structuration. Among them many are gical structure and state of conservation of ten frag- threatened with extinction, such as the large primates ments of seasonal semidecidual forest in the munici- (woolly spider monkey, Brachyteles arachnoides) and pality of Campinas, SP. Among the fragments the piping guans (Pipile jacutinga). In the Atlantic chosen for the study is the Ribeirão Cachoeira forest, Rainforest merely 2 per cent of the 8 per cent remai- the second largest fragment in the municipality with ning of the original Forest is given up to conservation 236.2ha. The others are distributed in three classes of units of indirect use. Many of these units, however, are size: 10-15ha; 16-25ha and 26-45ha, with three frag- under huge pressure from hunting, directly affecting ments in each class. The sampling will be carried out the populations of cynegetic animals, which certainly using the quadrant points method, in which will be affect the whole tropical chain. On the other hand, included individual trees with a diameter at chest these units are not the majority nor is their spatial dis- height > 5 cm. We will analyze qualitative aspects of tribution in these areas. This project consists of diag- the state of conservation of the fragments as index of nosing populations of birds and cynegetic mammals the canopy cover (obtained through hemispheric in six conservation units on the Atlantic Rainforest in photos); state of the canopy (evaluated through the State of São Paulo. In addition, precise informa- categorization of the trees sampled in current trees, tion on the spatial distribution of these animals in the past trees and future trees); degree of infestation by conservation units will be collected for future moni- lianas and occurrence of disturbance factors (fire, toring and effective protection. Our project is the first cattle and wood extraction). After the collection of study of spatial distribution and density of cynegetic this data it is hoped to analyze questions such as: the species in the conservation units of the Atlantic correspondence between the patterns of variation of Rainforest of São Paulo and its methodology could be the vegetation and the pattern of variations of the employed in other areas. abiotic components and the relationship between the classifications found in the literature on the state of conservation of the fragments with qualitative Physiognomic survey of the benthic parameters measured in the field. 13 marine communities of consolidated substrate in the State of São Paulo

PROCESS Diagnosis of populations 2002/07412-8 12 of birds and cynegetic mammals in the conservation units of the COORDINATOR São Paulo Atlantic Rainforest Flávio Augusto de Souza Berchez

INSTITUTION PROCESS Institute of Biosciences / 2001/14463-5 University of São Paulo (USP) 59

START: DEC 2002 biological diversity in the municipality of São Luiz FINISH: FEB 2007 do Paraitinga, SP,basing itself on the hypothesis that the landscape is one of the principal mediators bet- The characterization of the biodiversity of benthic ween human action and diversity. Standardized communities at the level of community can be sum- inventories will be drawn up of biological diversity med up, on the Brazilian coast, in little more than a (richness and abundance of species) and survey of dozen works studying, in total, an area of approxima- the history of occupation and of social organization tely just 500 m2. Our objective is to test the viability of in four landscapes (mosaic of units): four rural a new type of approach, unique for marine communi- neighborhoods. Biological and social data will be ties of consolidated substrate, based on the sampling at georeferenced, to infer their correlation with the physiognomic level using sample elements consisting configuration of the landscape. It is intended, in this of images of a selected size, obtained at random points way, to construct explanatory models of biodiversity in order to obtain basic information on the temporal as a function of the modification of the landscape by space variation of the structure of the community, human societies. complemented among others, with dominant species in each physiognomy. The method will permit a large increase in the speed and scope of the samplings, Environmental information system of which could be undertaken throughout the proposed 15 the Biota-FAPESP Program: development regions, instead of merely in isolated stations. On the of indicators for monitoring, updating of basis of the images we will determine the percentage the titles of the cartographic base and depositions for each of the physiognomies within the upgrading of the Biota Neotropica magazine sample elements. At selected points the results will be compared with others obtained in traditional sam- PROCESS plings using the percentage deposition of species 2003/01214-2 (intersection of points method), before evaluating the COORDINATOR degree of loss of information and the consistency of Carlos Alfredo Joly physiognomies defined. It is further intended to train a team involving researchers, students and research INSTITUTION support technicians which will enable the project to be Institute of Biology / Campinas extended and the dissemination of the results through State University (Unicamp) the carrying out of environmental education activities (sub aquatic guided walk and observation tank). START: OCT 2003 FINISH: DEC 2005

Biodiversity and social processes The Biota-FAPESP Program’s Environmental 14 in São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo Information System constantly needs new developments to meet both the needs of the program and PROCESS the specific peculiarities of some projects. The prin- 2002/08558-6 cipal products of this new stage would be: a) to con- vert the current vegetation titles of the Biota-FAPESP COORDINATOR Program Atlas to the IBGE System of Vegetation Paulo Inácio de Knegt Lopez de Prado Classification; b) development of indicators for the monitoring of the performance of the Program’s INSTITUTION Institute of Biosciences / Environmental Information System; c) upgrading University of São Paulo (USP) the integration tools of the Biota Netropica magazine with internal and external databases to the START: AUG 2003 Program. FINISH: OCT 2006

A possible path in the building of interdiscipli- EDUCATION nary knowledge is the integration of already constituted disciplinary approaches. This project seeks to Biodiversity of the Cerrado: a proposal conjugate approaches of ecology and social sciences 16 for practical work in the field of using as link the landscape in the study of the rela- the teaching of botany and ecology tionship between social processes and patterns of in the three levels of schooling 60

PROCESS Residues, Biotechnology and Microbial Resources. 2005/56704-0 Due to its multidisciplinary aspect, most of the research projects are developed in an integrated way, COORDINATOR involving its various Divisions. Since 1996 CPQBA has Osmar Cavassan worked with antimicrobial and anticancer drug scree- INSTITUTION ning program following the same methodology deve- Bauru School of Sciences / loped by the National Cancer Institute (NCI-USA). São Paulo State University (Unesp) The present study intends to evaluate both the anticancer and antimicrobiological activities of extracts, START: JUL 2006 fractions and isolated principles from plants of the FINISH: JUN 2008 Cerrado, as well as of different forest reserves and species cultivated in the CPQBA experimental campus. To enrich the knowledge of the biodiversity of After harvesting, the grinded plant material will be the ecosystems existing in the Legal Reserve of the submitted to the process of extraction by maceration Bauru campus of Unesp and disseminate it, are the with dichloromethane and subsequently with ethanol principal objectives of this project. It is also propo- (95%). The evaluation of the anticancer activities of sed, to use this environment, covered predominantly each extract (0,25 to 250 µg/ml) will be carried out in by savanna-type vegetation, to develop practical nine human cancer cell lines: K562 (leukemia), MCF7 didactic activities in the teaching of the botanical (breast), NCIADR (breast expressing the multi-drug content of the science and biology program of the resistance phenotype), NCI460 (lung), UACC62 primary and secondary levels in the public schools (melanoma), PC03 (prostate), HT29 (colon), OVCAR in the region of Bauru. From these activities, we are (ovary) and 786-0 (kidney). The antimicrobial tests looking for feedback as to how the field procedures will be performed with B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. promote a better result in the development of cogni- epidermides, S. faecium, M. luteus, Rhodococcus equi, tive, ethical and esthetic factors in the pupils invol- Salmonella choterasuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ved, principally in the education of citizens who are Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans.The familiar with, interpret and take responsibility for biological activity will direct the isolation of active the destinies of the environments which our native principles. In addition, the structure elucidation of biodiversity possesses. the active principle will be possible through espectros- copical methods available (RMN1H, RMN1C13, IR, UV, Mass). PHARMACOLOGY

Antimicrobial and anticancer GENETICS 17 activity of extracts and active principles obtained from vegetal Genetic structure of natural populations species in the State of São Paulo 18 of Cryptocarya spp. (Lauraceae) through isoenzymatic and DNA markers PROCESS 2004/07943-9 PROCESS 1999/05818-2 COORDINATOR João Ernesto de Carvalho COORDINATOR Maria Teresa Vitral de Carvalho Derbyshire INSTITUTION Chemical, Biological and Agricultural INSTITUTION Pluridisciplinary Research Center / Campinas Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / State University (Unicamp) University of São Paulo (Cena/USP)

START: APR 2005 START: JAN 2000 FINISH: OCT 2007 FINISH: MAR 2002

The Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas The present project aims to study the genetic Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA) is compo- structure of natural populations of Cryptocarya sed of the following Divisions: Agro-technology, aschersoniana Mez, C. moschata Nees, C. saligna Mez Phytochemistry, Organic Chemistry and Pharma- and Cryptocarya spp. (new species) through ceutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Microbiology, isoenzymatic and DNA (RAPD) markers, based on 61 a sampling to be undertaken in the Carlos Botelho quantifying their potential as sources or sinks in State Park (on an altitudinal gradient of 30 to 1000 relation to terrestrial systems; to add information on m), the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, the transpiration and photosynthesis and their depen- Experimental Station of Pariqüera-Açu, the Canta- dence on climatic coercions (temperature, humidity, reira State Park, Forest of Santa Genebra, Barreiro radiation and hydric stress): to gather indices of Rico Farm, Campininha Farm, São José Farm, Santa these means as atmospheric carbon sinks, and to Elisa (IAC) Farm and Bosque dos Jequitibás, State of establish a reference for the comparison of the ecos- São Paulo. Based on this basic study, we will investi- ystems of sugarcane and Cerrado as representative gate several aspects of the life history of these spe- regional biomas and the impacts associated with cies, such as genetic flux and effective population conversion of vegetation. The sugarcane experimen- size, which will be used to elaborate strategies for tal site has already been implemented, and forms sampling, management and conservation of the part of the organized network of surface fluxes same. Additionally, we will analyze the materials Amerflux (vide http:// cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/programs/ deposited in Brazilian herbariums, together with ameriflux/sugarbr. html). The Cerrado experimental the samples collected, so as to establish a methodo- site will be implemented in 2000. The project will logy for the study of the phylogeny of these species, enjoy the collaboration of another Biota-FAPESP through PCR of genes of chloroplast and mitochon- project in progress , The conservation feasibility of dria and sequencing of specific genes, with the aim the cerrado remnants in São Paulo State, coordinated of solving several taxonomic questions found in this by Marisa Bittencourt, which will provide the upda- group of plants, as yet unresolved given merely the ting of relief, physiognomies of vegetation, state of base of classical morphological characters. conservation in the fragments of Cerrado and sur- roundings.

GEOSCIENCES Environmental study of the river Biosphere-atmosphere interaction in 20 Itanhaém estuary, southern coast 19 natural ecosystems and agroecosystems: of the State of São Paulo a monitoring of sugarcane and Cerrado (wooded savanna) PROCESS 2001/09881-2 PROCESS 1999/11215-9 COORDINATOR Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira COORDINATOR Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha INSTITUTION Institute of Geosciences / Campinas State INSTITUTION University (Unicamp) Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) START: JUL 2003 FINISH: OCT 2006 START: JAN 2000 FINISH: DEC 2001 The present research proposal has as general objectives: 1) analysis of the environment of deposi- This project cuts across the proposals of Biota- tion and taphonomy of macro detritus and pollens, FAPESP, focusing on a multidisciplinary analysis of of the subaquatic environment and of the anthropic the ecophysiology of two ecosystems of great rele- modifications in the river estuary, with application vance to the State of São Paulo, sugarcane and of actuo-palaeontology, hydrogeology and current Cerrado (wooded savanna). Through the use of sedimentology (depositional geomorphology); 2) advanced methodologies of measurement of the elaboration of integrated models which will provide exchanges of the biosphere with the atmosphere, assistance in the studies of environmental impact such as the “eddy correlation” method, it is intended produced by the anthropic activities mentioned to establish an instrumental platform in two experi- above and 3) definition of environmental indicators mental sites (sugarcane and Cerrado), to undertake for estuarine environments. The river Itanhaém long term monitoring of the fluxes in surface water, estuary is located on the southern coast of the State energy and CO2 in the biosphere-atmosphere inter- of São Paulo, in the municipality of Itanhaém and is face. It is envisaged in this way to estimate the total part of the Baixada Santista. It presents characteris- balances of water and carbon in the ecosystems, tics particular to tropical regions, both in environ- 62 mental aspects (e.g. mangrove and sandbank vegeta- processes involved in the reproduction of these spe- tion) as well as socioeconomic, being the second lar- cies in the sense of preserving them, through rea- gest estuary in the state (outdone only by the ring in captivity and assisted reproduction. Ribeira, further to the south, in close proximity to Physiological aspects such as puberty, oestrus, ges- the border with the Paraná) (Lamparelli, 199). It tation time, etc. in the conditions of the State of São possesses a mangrove area of 3,75 Km2 (Lamparelli, Paulo, as well as external interferences in the process 1999) considered one of the best protected in the caused by alterations in the ecosystem. Equally, the state, where it is possible to undertake the study of physiology of the fetal membranes will be studied, its evolution during the Holocene period. Along the as well as the embryonary annexes of accessory river – upstream from the mangroves – there are maternal elements. numerous points of sand exploitation, many already abandoned, which significantly alter the hydrological profile, forming huge lakes. The course of the MICROBIOLOGY river Itanhaém was modified more than fifty years ago due to the opening of a canal linking the rivers Distributed information system Branco and Preto. The entire bank of the aforemen- 22 for biological collections the integration tioned river as well as its tributaries is covered by a of Species Analyst and SinBiota dense sandbank scrub, for the most part in primary conditions of conservation which contributes with PROCESS vegetal material (leaves, seeds, pollens, etc.) to the 2001/02175-5 river sediments. In localized areas there is more recent vegetation – secondary scrub and plantations, COORDINATOR in addition to the mangrove vegetation itself. Vanderlei Perez Canhos INSTITUTION Reference Center on Environmental Information VETERINARY MEDICINE (Cria)

The biodiversity of characterized START: NOV 2001 21 reproductive models to be preserved FINISH: OCT 2005 in the State of São Paulo. Structure and management of reproduction, Implementation of an information system on the placenta and placentation distribution of biological species (fauna, flora, microbiota) in the State of São Paulo associated with PROCESS a system of mathematical modeling. The project will 2000/12572-9 explore the most recent advances in the area of databases and communications protocols, including the COORDINATOR use of Internet 2. It includes the implantation of a Maria Angélica Miglino distributed information system of biological collec- INSTITUTION tions (historical data) via Internet integrated with School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny / the environmental information system of the Biota- University of São Paulo (USP) FAPESP Program (www.biotasp.prg.be/sia/atlas – current data) and with the Species Analyst network START: SEP 2001 (http://www.speciesanalyst.net/). The project enjoys FINISH: NOV 2004 the initial participation of 12 biological collections (3 herbariums, 2 collections of mites, 3 of fish, 1 of The aim of this project is to bring together algae and 3 of microorganisms) to be integrated into scientists and professionals interested in studying a distributed network. It envisages the repatriation the biology of the reproduction of wild animals in of data from specific sub-collections outside the the State of São Paulo. Initially it is intended to con- State of São Paulo (in Brazil and/or abroad). As pro- sider some rodents (paca, agouti, capybara and rock duct we have a host of distributed data, maps of dis- cavy) forest pigs, (collared peccary, peccary, wild tribution of species produced “in real time” and boar), the South American crecetidae and the sloth: forecasting of the occurrence and non occurrence of however in subsequent phases other species could species in the different regions of the State. be added to this proposal. This study refers to the 63

Recovery of the biodiversity of an PROCESS 23 area of Atlantic Rainforest 1999/10955-9 contaminated by heavy metals: COORDINATOR a proposal for bioremediation Harmi Takiya

PROCESS INSTITUTION 2005/54617-2 Municipal Secretariat for Green and Environmental Affairs COORDINATOR Elisa Espósito START: SEP 2000 FINISH: JUL 2002 INSTITUTION Center for Health Science / University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) This project, called Diagnosis and Bases for Definition of Public Polices for Green Areas of São START: DEC 2006 Paulo City, constitutes the first stage of the FINISH: NOV 2008 Environmental Atlas of São Paulo City, the cartographic product of the Environmental Information The purpose of this project is the development of System, that will be implemented in a Prefecture of bioremediation strategies and recomposition of a São Paulo in the medium term. What is intended is to contaminated (heavy metals) Atlantic Rainforest obtains the diagnosis for all Municipality; in regional using methalophytes plants microorganisms asso- scale, with detailing of major interest areas of vegeta- ciated with rysosphere. The area choose for this tion, associated with socioeconomic aspects, with study – Nagib Najar Park – is located in hydrogra- land use and occupation and with environmental phic basin of Tietê river, one of the most complex of characteristics as a support for public policies for the in Brazil, due the forest reminiscent that exhibit the increase and conservation of green areas. It will be major taxes of endemism in Brazilian biota. There- used widely know techniques as cartography, remote fore, this work to allow, at the end, the development sensing and geographic information system. As a of strategies for biorecuperation, not only for this product, one expects to obtain a set of thematic maps area, but also another’s sites with similar problems. collection and explanatory text coupled with digital In the first step, the better experimental area that data base. represents the contamination gradient will be choose and different samples from soil Park will be physi- cochemical analyzed. The fauna, flora and microbio- CHEMISTRY te biodiversity will be evaluated and, the results compared to the no impacted Atlantic Rainforest, or Bioprospection on the metabolism of with another’s studies realized on this biome. Also, 25 prokaryotes from Brazilian biomas: the bioaccumulation in fauna and flora of the heavy exploitation of microbial transformations metals will be quantified, allowing choose the native for synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals plants that could be used in depolution of the conta- and bioactives compounds minated Park area. Finally, this project will allow the organization of a data bank containing all results PROCESS obtained by the multidisciplinary equip and, also a 2004/07708-0 new strategy for site monitoring. This study offers COORDINATOR opportunities to surgiment of the news researches to João Valdir Comasseto this region, prioritary in the programs conservation, mainly due to mananciales richest. INSTITUTION Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo (USP) URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING START: DEC 2004 Environmental Atlas of the municipality of FINISH: NOV 2006 24 São Paulo: phase 1 – diagnosis and bases for the definition of public policies for green Screening of new enzymes for enantioselective areas in the municipality of São Paulo reactions using microrganisms isolated in Brazil. The prospecting of microrganisms will be carry out with 64 samples from two Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Rain- insect-prey through the paralysis of the synaptic forest [studies carried out in the context of the Biota- transmission of the neuromuscular junctions of FAPESP Program (2001-04)]; Amazônia [Parque those insects (Palma et al., 1997). Considerable Nacional Pacaás Novos, Rondônia State (Madeira efforts have been made to isolate and identify neu- Watershead)]. Enrichment and isolation of chemoli- roactive compounds in the secretions of spiders and totrophs and chemoorganotrophs of Archaea and wasps, resulting in the discovery of many molecules Bacteria Domains. Phylogenetic characterization of which block the receptors of glutamate and/or calci- the microrganisms by using the 16S rDNA analyses, um channels. Thus, many of these compounds have Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis – DGGE become structural models for the rational develop- and fluorescent in situ hybridization -FISH, and ment of neuroprotective drugs for different neuro- sequencing approaches. Screening of microbial spe- logical disorders. The small organic molecules exist- cies able to degrade aliphatic and aromatic halogena- ing in many of the toxic secretions of spiders and ted compounds, to verify the enzymatic potential of wasps are natural candidates for bioprospection for the microbes. Screening of microrganisms capable of leader-compounds for the development of drugs for promoting enantioselective oxi-reduction reactions neurotherapeutic use and/or as selective bioinsecti- and nitrile hydrolysis. cides. The principal proposal of this project is the systematic investigation from the point of view of chemical characterization and of biological trials, of The bioprospection of the fauna the natural products present in the exocrine secre- 26 of arthropods in the State of São Paulo tions of a toxic nature, principally in venoms of in the search for leader-compounds Arthropods of the Brazilian fauna, such as spiders for the rational development of new and wasps. medicines and pesticides

PROCESS Bioprospection of microorganisms 2004/07942-2 27 for application in the synthesis of quiral alcohols of pharmaceutical COORDINATOR and industrial interest Mario Sérgio Palma

INSTITUTION PROCESS Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / 2007/51521-0 São Paulo State University (Unesp) COORDINATOR START: FEB 2005 Leandro Helgueira de Andrade FINISH: JAN 2007 INSTITUTION Institute of Chemistry / Many of the medicines prescribed today were University of São Paulo (USP) initially discovered in nature. Despite the advances in chemistry and the sophisticated instruments used START: OCT 2007 for the combinatorial synthesis of new drugs, scien- FINISH: SEP 2009 tists still have recourse to nature as a source of inspiration for the development of new compounds. A In this project we will undertake bioprospection substantial fraction of the medicines in use today for microorganisms in reactions of enantioselective was directly or indirectly derived from bioactive biocatalysis for application in the synthesis of chiral compounds produced by plants and/or microorgan- alcohols of pharmaceutical and industrial interest. To isms. Recently, compounds of low molecular weight achieve this objective, we selected two chemical reac- of animal origin have also been the object of interest tions which we defined as model reactions for our of agrochemical and/or pharmaceutical industries. enantioselective enzymatic evaluation of the microor- Arthropods are considered a potentially very impor- ganisms (bioreduction of pro-chiral ketones and tant source of new molecules which offer notable enantioselective bio-oxidation of racemic alcohols). properties such as: high efficiency, low probability of The microorganisms will originate from two diffe- microbial resistance, limited toxicity and low rent sources (microorganisms catalogued in the immunogenicity for humans. Spiders and wasps BIOprospecTA database and microorganisms obtai- constitute a large group of arthropods present in the ned through the process of induced isolation). In this majority of terrestrial ecosystems. The toxic secre- case, we will use as source of microorganisms samples tions of spiders and wasps are used to paralyze the of soil and sediments collected in the Amazon Forest. 65

The taxonomic characterization of the microorga- Distribution of the community nisms will only be carried out for those microorga- 29 of palm trees in the altitudinal gradient nisms that exhibit excellent enzymatic activity in the of the Atlantic Rainforest in the enantioselective reactions tested. In addition to the northeast of the State of São Paulo stage of induced isolation of microorganisms, we propose to continue with the studies of synthetic applica- PROCESS tions of enzymes and microorganisms in the prepara- 2001/06023-5 tion of chiral chemical compounds. COORDINATOR Simey Thury Vieira Fisch

FOREST RESOURCES INSTITUTION Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation / Physiognomic-ecological units associated University of Taubaté (Unitau) 28 with remnants of natural vegetal cover START: APR 2002 PROCESS FINISH: MAR 2005 1999/12329-8 Although the Atlantic Rainforest is better preser- COORDINATOR ved in mountainous areas, the alterations which the João Batista Baitello altitudinal gradient provokes in the vegetation has INSTITUTION received little attention in studies carried out on this Forestry Institute / Ministry of State for bioma. Elevation has been indicated as the cause of the the Environmental (SMA-SP) decline in the diversity of palms and for the abundance of one or few species in intermediary altitudes. START: FEB 2001 Based on these premises, this project has the principal FINISH: JUN 2003 aim of correlating the occurrence of palm trees with the altitude factor in the Atlantic Rainforest of the nor- Georeferenced maps will be drawn containing the theast of the State of São Paulo. The studies will be potential vegetation according to the physiognomic- developed in the Conservation Units of the Serra do ecological units (types of vegetation) developed by Mar State Park (Picinguaba Nucleus, Santa Virgínia the RADAMBRASIL project. This survey will be asso- Nucleus/Natividade da Serra and Bananal Ecological ciated with the São Paulo Forestry Inventory (1993) Station), the Forest formations of which occur at alti- developed on the scale 1:50.000, with the mapping tudes which vary from 0 to 1900 m. In these localities, and quantification of the remaining natural vegeta- samples will be taken at every 200 m of altitude (0 m tion and the states of forest cultivation (reforestation), – sea level, 200, 400, 600, 800, ~940, 1200, 1400 and correctly updated using recent orbital images. The ~1600 m). Morphometric evaluations will be carried phytophysiognomies considered in that opportunity out, existing palm trees collected and the physical (forest, scrub, wooded savanna, barren land, enclosed medium of each sample unit will be characterized. countryside, open countryside, cultivated plains, The project will have a multidisciplinary team from mangrove and sandbank), will be detailed within the the University of Taubaté (academics and teachers) concept of the physiognomical-ecological units of the and the collaboration of researchers from the follow- aforementioned Project. In the case of the cultivated ing research institutions: Forestry Institute, Botanical forests, it will be possible to undertake studies on the Institute (SP), Prof. Mello Leitão Museum (ES), implantation of these forests in spaces previously Botanical Gardens Institute of Rio de Janeiro (RJ). occupied by natural ecosystems. The updating of the survey of the natural vegetation, based on the São Paulo Forestry Inventory (1993) and the elaboration ZOOLOGY of the respective georeferenced digital base, are already objectives of the Biota-FAPESP Program, spe- Consolidation of the infrastructure cifically FAPESP Project 98/05251-0 (Viability of 30 and computerization of the fish collection Conservation of Remaining Fragments of Cerrado in in the Department of Zoology São Paulo) and FAPESP 98/05117-1 (Development of Ibilce/Unesp, São José do Rio Preto, SP an Environmental Information System for the Biota- FAPESP Program). PROCESS 1999/05193-2 66

COORDINATOR abundance of species, resource use, and reproducti- Francisco Langeani Neto ve patterns. The comparative analysis of several parameters will be employed to evolutionary and INSTITUTION biogeographical inferences. The results will be used São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, to define priority areas to conservation, as well as to Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State produce non-scholarship publications and public University (Ibilce/Unesp) exhibitions. START: NOV 1999 FINISH: OCT 2001 32 Diversity of fish in streams and headwaters The project is aimed at the consolidation of the in the basin of the river Ribeira de Iguape fish collection in the Department of Zoology of in the State of São Paulo Ibilce/Unesp in São José do Rio Preto, by securing resources for the conclusion of its computerization, PROCESS for the refurbishment of the space it occupies and to 2000/04300-9 buy equipment and consumables necessary for its COORDINATOR maintenance. It also proposes to identify batches still Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa not identified up to the level of species and the training of undergraduates in the taxonomy of freshwa- INSTITUTION ter fish and the curatorship of zoological collections. Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP)

START: OCT 2000 Diversity and conservation FINISH: SEP 2003 31 of the reptile fauna in the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest The principal objective of this project consists of broadening the knowledge on the ichthyofaunal composition of the basin of the Rio Ribeira de PROCESS 1999/08291-5 Iguarape, through studies of the taxonomy and geographical distribution based on collections in all the COORDINATOR Conservation Units established in the region, and in Denise Maria Peccinini Seale other areas of the basin barely explored or totally unexplored. The principal most immediate products INSTITUTION of the project will be: a) ichthyological survey of one Institute of Biosciences / of the least known areas of the State of São Paulo; b) University of São Paulo (USP) production of publications such as: descriptions of START: MAR 2001 new taxons, revision monographs, etc.; c) produc- FINISH: MAY 2006 tion of a manual and identification guides in fields aimed principally at those interested in the preserva- This project proposes to study the reptile diver- tion of the environment and at the public in general; sity in the southeastern Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. d) increase in the geographical cover of fish in the The reptile fauna in this portion of the Atlantic Zoology Museum; e) in the medium and long term Rainforest is quite distinct from the other Brazilian it is hoped that the results obtained will bolster con- tropical forests. Extending over a mountainous conservation policies, based on the drawing up of prio- tinental area and in several coastal islands, the rity areas, sustainable management and rational Atlantic Rainforest is characterized by an accentua- exploitation of the species of commercial interest. ted degree of endemism. In all its extension, the faunistic composition is still poorly documented, especially in relation to the latitudinal and altitude 33 Biodiversity of arachnids variations. The field work will focus in disjunct areas (except mites) in the Cantareira separated by geographic barrier. Morphological, State Park, São Paulo, Brazil cytogenetic, enzymatic, molecular and toxicological data will be employed to characterize the popula- PROCESS tions. Ecological studies will characterize each spe- 2000/05729-9 cies natural history. The reptile communities will be COORDINATOR characterized by its faunistic composition, relative Ricardo Pinto da Rocha 67

INSTITUTION graphy of the Heptapterini class, and to postulate a Institute of Biosciences / general hypothesis on the evolutive history of the University of São Paulo (USP) Neotropical hydrographic basins; and 5) gather ecological and geographical distribution information START: DEC 2000 on the members of the Heptapterini class, to sup- FINISH: AUG 2003 port future conservationist actions.

Arachnids have been studied since the beginning of the last century. However, the publications are of Evaluation of the potential little value in the use of the biodiversity of the group, 35 of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the conservation of nature and analysis of the as bioaccumulators of heavy metals impact of human activities in natural environments. The present project aims to study the diversity of PROCESS arachnids in three areas with different degrees of 2006/52409-6 human impact within the Cantareira State Park, to compare the information obtained with other areas COORDINATOR of the state obtained by the Biota-FAPESP Arachnida André Fernando de Oliveira project and to establish a minimum collection pro- INSTITUTION tocol for the evaluation of the biodiversity of the Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation group of the Serra da Cantareira. and Extension / University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) 34 Systematics, taxonomic revision START: AUG 2007 and biogeography of the Heptapterini FINISH: JUL 2009 gill, 1861 (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) class Based on the indices observed in the studies already undertaken by our group, the potential of PROCESS two species of ant will be evaluated (Camponotus 2003/03108-5 rufipes and Solenopsis saevissima) as bioaccumulators of metals which originate from anthropic activi- COORDINATOR Flávio Alicino Bockmann ties. In this project, we will study the alterations in the distribution of the profile of the metals, the size INSTITUTION and richness of these species along a cross-section Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts composed of regions of different anthropic impact, and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) but under the influence of the same microclimate. The cross-section extends from the region contami- START: DEC 2003 nated by metals (an old scrap metal ironworks), a FINISH: SEP 2007 park visited by the public, the main route for trucks in the city of Mogi das Cruzes, regions of moderate The Heptapterini class, of the Heptapteridae urbanization up to the Atlantic Rainforest. The dis- family, consists of small to medium size catfish tribution of metals in the soil, plants and nests will which inhabit streams throughout almost the entire also be evaluated. Neotropical region. Of the 24 genuses of this class which are recognized as valid (10 of which have yet to be formally described), only Mastiglanis, Nemuroglanis and Taunayia have been revised. Taking as a base cladistic methodology, the objective through this research is: 1) to undertake a rigorous re-analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the species of the Heptapteridae family (through parsi- mony programs), with special attention to the Heptapterini class; 2) to implement a classification for the whole family up to the generic level; 3) to undertake a taxonomic revision of the Heptapterini class, with the description of several new taxons; 4) to formulate a hypothesis on the historical biogeo-

Grants Scientific Initiation, Masters Degree, Doctorate, Fast-track Doctorate, Post-doctorate and Research Abroad L H 71

AGRONOMY Process: 2002/01560-5 Modality: Post-doctorate Systematics of the species of the genus Grant holder: Dulce Marcia de Castro 1 Ceroplastes Gray, 1828 (Hemiptera: Supervisor: Ana Maria Soares Pereira Coccoidae: Coccidae) which occur Institution: Center for Natural and Technological Exact in the State of São Paulo, Brazil and Sciences / University of Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp) inventariation of their parasitoids Start: Sep 2002 Process: 2000/09870-8 Finish: 29/2/2004 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Ana Lúcia Benfatti Gonzalez Peronti Ultra-detailed mapping of the soil in Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Sousa e Silva 5 the area of Caetetus dedicated to the Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / diversity, dynamic and conservation Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) project in forests of the State of São Paulo: Start: Dec 2000 10 hectares of the permanent plots Finish: 29/2/2004 Process: 2002/04093-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Micropropagation and Grant holder: Ana Raquel Soares 2 conservation of in vitro germplasm Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado of Anemopaegma arvense Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Process: 2001/05063-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Jul 2002 Finish: Jun 2003 Grant holder: Saulo Franca Amui Supervisor: Ana Maria Soares Pereira Institution: Center for Natural and Technological Exact Ultra-detailed mapping of Sciences / University of Ribeirão Preto (Unaerp) 6 the soil in the area of Cardoso Island Start: Jul 2001 dedicated to the diversity, dynamic Finish: Dec 2002 and conservation project in forests of the State of São Paulo: 10 hectares of the permanent plot Potential use of predatory mites 3 found in the Atlantic Rainforest of the Process: 2002/04094-5 State of São Paulo for the biological Modality: Scientific Initiation control of agricultural pests Grant holder: Cristiano Cassiano da Silva Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado Process: 2001/13725-6 Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Modality: Post-doctorate University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Grant holder: Raf Michael Julien de Vis Start: Jun 2002 Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Finish: May 2003 Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Start: Jun 2002 Ultra-detailed mapping of the soil in the Finish: May 2003 7 area of Assis dedicated to the diversity, dynamic and conservation project in forests of the State of São Paulo: 10 Morpho-anatomical, chemical and hectares of the permanent plot 4 genetic characterization of different kinds of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. Process: 2002/04095-1 Bignoniaceae, in the State of São Paulo Modality: Scientific Initiation 72

Grant holder: Marilia Neubern Libardi Selection of endophytic Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado 11 microorganisms as agents Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / of biocontrol of coffee rust University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Process: 2004/01741-5 Start: Jul 2002 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jun 2003 Grant holder: César Rafael Fanchini Terrasan Supervisor: Wagner Bettiol Soil-relief relationship in area Institution: Brazilian Agricultural Research 8 under sandbank vegetation Corporation (Embrapa) of the Cardoso Island, SP Start: Apr 2004 Finish: Dec 2004 Process: 2002/09736-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Bruno Gherardi Chemical, physical and Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado 12 mineralogical characterization Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / of the soils of a toposequence located University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) on the Marília formation (Bauru group) in the State of São Paulo Start: Nov 2002 Finish: Oct 2003 Process: 2004/03759-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Ultra-detailed mapping of the soils in the Grant holder: Antônio Augusto Soares Júnior 9 Carlos Botelho State Park dedicated to Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado the diversity, dynamic and conservation Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / project in forests of the State of São University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Paulo: 10,24 hectares of permanent plots Start: Jun 2004 Finish: May 2005 Process: 2003/00189-4 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Antônio Augusto Soares Júnior Soil-water-vegetation relationship Supervisor: Pablo Vidal Torrado 13 in a toposequence located in the Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Ecological Station of Assis, SP University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Process: 2004/04799-4 Start: Mar 2003 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: 29/2/2004 Grant holder: Carlos Eduardo Pinto Juhasz Supervisor: Miguel Cooper Endophytic microorganisms Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 10 as agents of biocontrol of coffee University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and Start: Sep 2004 as growth promoters Finish: Jan 2006 Process: 2003/05759-3 Modality: Post-doctorate 2D and 3D characterization Grant holder: Harllen Sandro Alves Silva 14 of the porous space of the soils of Supervisor: Wagner Bettiol the Caetetus Ecological Station Institution: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Process: 2004/08373-1 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Jul 2003 Finish: Mar 2005 Grant holder: Thalita Campos Oliveira Supervisor: Miguel Cooper 73

Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Process: 2005/56700-4 University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Oct 2004 Grant holder: José Eduardo Soria Finish: Sep 2005 Supervisor: Miguel Cooper Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Physical-hydric characterization 15 of the soils in the area of the Assis Start: Dec 2005 Ecological Station Finish: Nov 2006

Process: 2004/08374-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Analysis of the bacterial community 19 associated with mangroves in the Grant holder: Patrícia Ribeiro Cursi State of São Paulo of biotechnological Supervisor: Miguel Cooper and agricultural interest Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Process: 2006/57060-1 Start: Oct 2004 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Sep 2005 Grant holder: Paulo Teixeira Lacava Supervisor: João Lúcio de Azevedo Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Physical-hydric characterization of University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) 16 soils in a transesction of the permanent experimental plot in the State Park Start: Nov 2006 of the Cardoso Island Finish: Oct 2007

Process: 2004/09329-6 Modality: Scientific Initiation BIOCHEMISTRY Grant holder: Raul Shiso Toma Purification and characterization Supervisor: Miguel Cooper 20 of an endo-beta-mananase of seeds Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / of Sesbania marginata benth. University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) (Leguminosae) Start: Mar 2005 Finish: Dec 2005 Process: 2000/11377-8 Modality: Masters Degree Diversity of diazotrophic microorganisms Grant holder: César Gustavo Serafim Lisboa 17 under the narrowleaf Atlantic Rainforest Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge in the State of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2005/53047-8 Start: Dec 2000 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jan 2002 Grant holder: Rafaela de Fátima Neroni Supervisor: Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Comparative study between the acidic University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) 21 and alkaline phosphatases produced by the Aspergillus niveus, Aspergillus niger Start: Sep 2005 and Aspergillus ochraceus fungi Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2005/56803-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Physical-hydric characterization 18 of the soils of the permanent plot Grant holder: Juliana Maria Leão in the dense evergreen rainforest Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira (Carlos Botelho State Park) de Moraes Polizeli 74

Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Role of beta-galactosity Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 25 in the mechanism of degradation of cell wall xyloglucan during Start: Dec 2005 reserve mobilization in cotyledons Finish: Nov 2007 of Copaifera langsdorffii

Process: 1999/04941-5 Antiproliferative and cytoxic Modality: Masters Degree 22 evaluation of potential inhibitors of hypusination of the factor of the 5th Grant holder: Clóvis Oliveira Silva translation initiation (EIF5A) Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Process: 2005/60029-6 of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Aug 1999 Grant holder: Maicon Segalla Petrônio Finish: Jul 2001 Supervisor: Sandro Roberto Valentini Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Induction activity of phytoalexins 26 and production of fungitoxic Start: May 2006 substances during the germination Finish: Apr 2007 of Sesbania marginata seeds

Process: 1999/07564-8 Selection of soil fungi and lipase Modality: Masters Degree 23 producing endophytics and adaptation of the cultivation conditions Grant holder: Rodrigo Luís Rahal Supervisor: Márcia Regina Braga Process: 2006/50955-3 Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Modality: Scientific Initiation of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Grant holder: Marco Antônio Nogueira Start: Oct 1999 Supervisor: Suraia Said Finish: Sep 2001 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Codiolales class (Ulvophyceae) Start: Oct 2006 27 in the State of São Paulo: floral survey Finish: Sep 2007 Process: 1999/10215-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation BOTANY Grant holder: Fabiana Cordeiro Pereira Effects of oligosaccharides of xyloglucan Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo 24 on the growth of cells of Rudgea Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry jasminoides (Rubiaceae) cultivated in vitro of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Start: Jan 2000 Process: 1999/04109-8 Finish: Dec 2001 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Clóvis José Fernandes de Oliveira Júnior Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Trentepohliales class Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 28 (Trentepohliophyceae) in the State of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) of São Paulo floral survey Start: Aug 1999 Process: 1999/10241-6 Finish: Mar 2003 Modality: Scientific Initiation 75

Grant holder: Carla Isis dos Santos Optimization and spatial mapping Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo 32 of the activity of the Saccharose Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry synthase and Saccharose phosphate of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) synthase enzymes during the process of degradation of the reserve xyloglucans Start: Jan 2000 in Hymenaea courbaril (jatoba) Finish: Dec 2001 Process: 2000/14353-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation Eunotiaceae family 29 (Bacillariophyceae) in the State Grant holder: Tatiana Cotelesse Monteiro of São Paulo : floral survey Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Process: 2000/04005-7 of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Feb 2001 Grant holder: Luciane Lopes Morandi Finish: Dec 2001 Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Characterization of the remnants 33 of Cerrado (wooded savanna) in the Start: Oct 2000 State of São Paulo flora, phytogeography Finish: Nov 2001 and state of conservation

Process: 2001/01237-7 Mapping of invertase in plantules Modality: Research abroad 30 of Hymenea courbaril l. during the mobilization of reserve xyloglucans Grant holder: Giselda Durigan Institution: Forestry Institute / Ministry Process: 2000/13895-6 of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Sep 2001 Grant holder: Fábio Reis Dalle Molle Finish: Nov 2001 Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Enzymes of the metabolism of fructans 34 in plants of Vernonia herbacea (vell.) Start: Apr 2001 Rusby induced to bud Finish: Mar 2003 Process: 2001/01762-4 Modality: Masters Degree Seasonal and daily variation analysis 31 of the content and the composition Grant holder: Amanda Francine Asega of the non-structural carbohydrates of Supervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho Echinolaena inflexa (poir.) Chase and Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Melinis minutiflora beauv. (Poaceae) of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Start: May 2001 Process: 2000/14099-9 Finish: Feb 2003 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Amanda de Souza Supervisor: Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo Ribeiro Staurodesmus genus (Zygnemaphyceae) Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 35 in the State of São Paulo: floral survey of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2001/03794-0 Start: Mar 2001 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Feb 2003 76

Grant holder: Luciana Rufino Godinho Start: Apr 2002 Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Finish: Mar 2004 Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Experimental taxonomy of the Start: Jul 2001 39 Bostrychia radicans (Rhodomelaceae Finish: Jun 2002 rhodophyta) complex of the coastline of the State of São Paulo Isolation and characterization Process: 2001/13836-2 36 of the genes involved in the metabolism Modality: Scientific Initiation of carbohydrates during the growth and establishment of two species Grant holder: Cíntia Guido of the Hymenaea genus and in different Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo environments Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2001/10419-1 Start: Mar 2002 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Dec 2002 Grant holder: Marilia Gaspar Mais Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Effect of mannose on the of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) 40 metabolism and growth of plantules of Sesbania virgata benth Start: Apr 2002 Finish: Jul 2004 Process: 2002/01122-8 Modality: Post-doctorate The Staurastrum genus (Desmidiaceae, Grant holder: Marco Aurélio Silva Tine 37 Zygnemaphyceae) in the State of São Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Paulo: floral diversity Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2001/10698-8 Start: Apr 2002 Modality: Doctorate Finish: 19/1/2005 Grant holder: Sílvia Maria Mathes Faustino Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Staurodesmus genus (Zygnemaphyceae) of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) 41 in the State of São Paulo: floral survey Start: May 2002 Process: 2002/10946-4 Finish: May 2004 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Luciana Rufino Godinho Characterization of the elicitor of Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo 38 the Mucor ramosissimus fungus and Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry study of the suppression of its inductive of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) activity in soya through fragments Start: Sep 2003 of pectic polysaccharides Finish: Aug 2005 Process: 2001/11530-3 Modality: Masters Degree Structural and evolutive Grant holder: Kelly Simões 42 characterization of cell walls of Supervisor: Márcia Regina Braga four species of Pteridopsida Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2002/11158-0 Modality: Masters Degree 77

Grant holder: Giovanna Bezerra da Silva Anatomy and ultra-structure Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge 46 of the species of Erythroxylum Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry p. browne occurring in Cerrados of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) in the State of São Paulo Start: Mar 2003 Process: 2003/00957-1 Finish: Jul 2004 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Alexandre Antônio Alonso Effect of the availability of nitrate Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado 43 in the content of fructans and in Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / the enzymes of their metabolism São Paulo State University (Unesp) in Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby Start: Sep 2003 Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2002/11226-5 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Patrícia Gaya de Carvalho Anatomy and ultra-structure of species Supervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho 47 of Miconia Ruiz & Pav. Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry (Melastomataceae) occurring in Cerrados of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) (lato sensu) of the State of São Paulo Start: Apr 2003 Process: 2003/00958-8 Finish: Mar 2005 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez Biosynthesis and degradation of fructans Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado 44 in different regions of the rhizophores Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: Jun 2003 Process: 2002/11227-1 Finish: Feb 2007 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Maria Teresa Portes Supervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho Purification and genic expression of fructan Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 48 exohydrolases of rhizophores of Vernonia of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) herbacea (Vell.) Rusby (Asteraceae) Start: Oct 2003 Process: 2003/04011-5 Finish: Jun 2005 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Amanda Francine Asega Floral secretory structures and foliar Supervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho 45 collectors of Aspidosperma Mart & Zucc. Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry and Blepharodon decne. (Apocynaceae of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) s.l) in the Cerrado Start: Sep 2003 Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2002/11881-3 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Diego Demarco Functional dynamic of the glands Supervisor: Marilia de Moraes Castro 49 of the calix in species of Malpighiaceae Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State in the Cerrado. 1. Byrsonima intermedia University (Unicamp) a. Juss Start: Apr 2003 Process: 2003/04207-7 Finish: Feb 2005 Modality: Scientific Initiation 78

Grant holder: Clivia Carolina Fiorilo Possobom Secretory structure in vegetative Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado 53 and reproductive organs of species Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / of Anacardiaceae in the Cerrado of São Paulo State University (Unesp) the State of São Paulo: anatomy, histochemistry and ultrastructure Start: Aug 2003 Finish: Jul 2005 Process: 2003/13556-5 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Micromorphology and foliar anatomy Grant holder: Ana Paula Stechhahn Lacchia 50 of species representative of the Supervisor: Sandra Maria Carmello Guerreiro Cerrado of the State of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2003/04365-1 Start: Mar 2004 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2006 Grant holder: Ângela Cristina Bieras Supervisor: Maria das Graças Sajo Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / Flora arborea of the Caetetus São Paulo State University (Unesp) 54 Ecological Station, SP, Brazil: production of an illustrated guide Start: Sep 2003 for identification of the species Finish: Aug 2006 Process: 2004/01514-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Anatomy and ultra-structural aspects 51 of pulvini of Leguminosae of the Cerrado Grant holder: Viviane Soares Ramos (lato sensu) Supervisor: Giselda Durigan Institution: Forestry Institute / Ministry Process: 2003/11050-7 of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Aug 2004 Grant holder: Tatiane Maria Rodrigues Finish: Dec 2004 Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Phytotoxic and antimicrobial substances 55 in Leguminosae seeds which accumulate Start: Mar 2004 galactomannan and xyloglucan as cell Finish: Feb 2006 wall reserve carbohydrates

Process: 2004/04477-7 Structure, distribution and histochemistry Modality: Doctorate 52 of collectors of Alibertia sessilis (Vell.) K. Schum. (Rubiaceae) Grant holder: Kelly Simões Supervisor: Márcia Regina Braga Process: 2003/11747-8 Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Modality: Masters Degree of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Grant holder: Daniela Pacheco Barreiro Start: Sep 2004 Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado Finish: Aug 2007 Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Morpho-anatomical characterization Start: Mar 2004 56 of the vegetative organs of Stylosanthes Finish: Feb 2006 humilis H.B.K. (Fabaceae)

Process: 2004/04674-7 Modality: Scientific Initiation 79

Grant holder: Paula Roberta de Sibio Mapping of the enzymes of the Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado 60 metabolism of sucrose in plantules Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / of Hymenaea courbaril l. during São Paulo State University (Unesp) the mobilization of reserve xyloglucan Start: Jul 2004 Process: 2004/12194-5 Finish: Jun 2005 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Fábio Reis Dalle Molle Anatomy of the caulis and leaf of three Supervisor: Marco Aurélio Silva Tine 57 species of Lippia houst (Verbenaceae) Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry from the Cerrado of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Start: Mar 2005 Process: 2004/04679-9 Finish: Feb 2007 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Shelly Favorito Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado Analysis of the distribution and effect Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / 61 of seasonality on the production of São Paulo State University (Unesp) piperidine alkaloids in Senna spectabilis Start: Feb 2005 Process: 2004/13669-7 Finish: Dec 2006 Modality: Doctorate

Grant holder: Fabiana Pucci Leone Comparative anatomy of the root and Supervisor: Maria Cláudia Marx Young 58 caulis wood in Citharexylum myrianthum Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry cham. (Verbenaceae) of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Process: 2004/05913-5 Start: Apr 2005 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jun 2005 Grant holder: Leandro Roberto Longo Supervisor: Carmen Regina Marcati Institution: Botucatu School of Agronomic Study of the embryogenesis in Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) 62 Ocotea catharinensis mez (Lauraceae): physiological, biochemical and Start: Aug 2004 molecular aspects Finish: Nov 2006 Process: 2005/50960-4 Modality: Post-doctorate Study ot the short and long term 59 effects of an atmosphere enriched Grant holder: Claudete Santa Catarina

with CO2 on the growth, development Supervisor: Eny Iochevet Segal Floh and metabolism of sugarcane Institution: Institute of Biosciences / (Saccharum ssp) carbohydrates University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Jan 2006 Process: 2004/11421-8 Finish: Dec 2007 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Amanda Pereira de Souza Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge Seasonal dynamic of the gaseous Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 63 exchanges and the hydric potential of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) in tree species senso strictu Cerrado in Gleba Pé-de-Gigante State Park, Start: Mar 2005 Vassununga, SP Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2005/51190-8 Modality: Masters Degree 80

Grant holder: Sabrina Latansio Costa Ribeiro Physiological, biochemical aspects and Supervisor: Marcos Pereira Marinho Aidar 67 comparative proteomic analysis during Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry the maturation, germination and conver- of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) sion into plants of embryos of Octea catharinensis mez. (Lauraceae) Start: Aug 2005 Finish: Jan 2007 Process: 2005/58208-0 Modality: Doctorate

Effect of the CO2 enriched atmosphere on Grant holder: Leonardo Lucas Carnevalli Dias 64 the growth, on the allocation of biomass Supervisor: Eny Iochevet Segal Floh and on the metabolism of fructans of Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Apr 2006 Process: 2005/52290-6 Finish: Mar 2009 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Vanessa Fátima de Oliveira Supervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho Comparative proteomic analysis and Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 68 biochemical variations during the of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. kuntze Start: Aug 2005 Finish: Jun 2007 Process: 2005/58747-8 Modality: Doctorate Morphoanatomy of the vegetative Grant holder: Tiago Santana Balbuena 65 organs and chemical profile of species Supervisor: Eny Iochevet Segal Floh of Smilax L. (Smilacaceae) genus Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2005/54984-5 Start: Jul 2006 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Jun 2009 Grant holder: Aline Redondo Martins Supervisor: Beatriz Appezzato da Glória Secretory spaces in vegetative Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 69 organs of two leguminosae species University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) in the Cerrado: ontogenesis, structure and secretion Start: Oct 2005 Finish: Jul 2008 Process: 2005/60086-0 Modality: Doctorate Analysis of the chemical composition and Grant holder: Tatiane Maria Rodrigues 66 biological activity of the volatile oils of Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado species of Myrtaceae and Lauraceae Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / native to the Atlantic Rainforest of the São Paulo State University (Unesp) State of São Paulo Start: Apr 2006 Finish: Mar 2009 Process: 2005/56764-2 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Miriam Anders Apel Flora and structure of Araucária Supervisor: Paulo Roberto Hrihorowitsch Moreno 70 forest present in conservation units Institution: Institute of Chemistry / University in the State of São Paulo of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Process: 2006/54440-8 Start: Feb 2006 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jan 2008 81

Grant holder: Rose Pereira Muniz de Souza Freshwater Copepoda Cyclopoida in the Supervisor: Vinícius Castro Souza 74 State of São Paulo: taxonomic and Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of geographical distribution study of the Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) species in relation to the principal hydrographic basins in the State of São Paulo Start: Mar 2007 Finish: Aug 2008 Process: 1999/05104-0 Modality: Doctorate Maturation of embryogenic cultures of Grant holder: William Marcos da Silva 71 narrowleaf Araucária: biochemical studies Supervisor: Takako Matsumura Tundisi and comparative proteomic analysis Institution: São Carlos Internacional Institute of Ecology Ltd Process: 2006/56137-0 Start: Jan 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jul 2003 Grant holder: Júlia Bolanho da Rosa Andrade Supervisor: Eny Iochevet Segal Floh Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Diversity of interactions in trophic University of São Paulo (USP) 75 systems of plants and phytophages Start: Sep 2006 Process: 1999/05205-0 Finish: Aug 2007 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Carlos Roberto Sorensen Anatomic studies of leguminosae from the Dutra da Fonseca 72 Cerrado with different speeds of foliar Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn movement: comparative anatomy of the Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State pulvine, petiole, rachis and main vein University (Unicamp) Start: Jul 1999 Process: 2007/52759-0 Finish: Sep 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Yve Canaveze Supervisor: Sílvia Rodrigues Machado Geographical mosaics, host specializations Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / 76 and the diversity of interactions between São Paulo State University (Unesp) plants and insects Start: Aug 2007 Process: 1999/05206-7 Finish: Jul 2008 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Gislene Maria da Silva Ganade ECOLOGY Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Modeling of the variation in the spectral University (Unicamp) 73 response of the physionomies of Cerrado Start: Jul 1999 in relation to seasonal climatic variations Finish: Sep 2000 Process: 1999/05041-8 Modality: Doctorate Diversity and distribution of Cladocera Grant holder: Humberto Navarro de Mesquita 77 chydoridae in continental aquatic Júnior systems of the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Marisa Dantas Bitencourt Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Process: 1999/06147-4 University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Apr 2000 Grant holder: Maria José dos Santos Wisniewski Finish: Mar 2003 Supervisor: Takako Matsumura Tundisi 82

Institution: São Carlos International Institute Process: 1999/11862-4 of Ecology Ltd Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Aug 1999 Grant holder: Mônica de Andrade Morraye Finish: Jul 2003 Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Creation of a database of remnants Start: Apr 2000 78 of Cerrado in the Vale do Rio Paraíba Finish: Apr 2003 do Sul, in the State of São Paulo

Process: 1999/06973-1 Effects of the matrix in the reproductive Modality: Scientific Initiation 82 biology of Psychotria nuda (Rubiaceae) Grant holder: André Nunes Faure in forest fragments in the Atlantic plateau Supervisor: Marisa Dantas Bitencourt of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 1999/12704-3 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Oct 1999 Finish: Feb 2001 Grant holder: Luciano Elsinor Lopes Supervisor: Silvana Buzato Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Demography of Lytocaryum hoehnei University of São Paulo (USP) 79 (Burret) toledo (Arecaceae) in a fragmented Start: May 2000 landscape in the metropolitain region Finish: Apr 2002 of the city of São Paulo

Process: 1999/10794-5 Biodiversity and space-time Modality: Doctorate 83 distribution of Macrothricidae Grant holder: Daniela Kolhy Ferraz and Sididae in continental aquatic Supervisor: Flávio Antônio Maes dos Santos systems in the State of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2000/00441-7 Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Dec 2000 Finish: Dec 2003 Grant holder: Adriana Maria Guntzel Supervisor: Takako Matsumura Tundisi Institution: São Carlos International Institute Characterization of the remnants of Ecology Ltd 80 of vegetation in Ribeirão Preto, SP Start: Mar 2000 Finish: Mar 2003 Process: 1999/11347-2 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Olga Kotchetkoff Henriques Study and development of tutorial Supervisor: Carlos Alfredo Joly 84 supporting the analysis of Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, georeferecned data for the Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) environment of distance learning

Start: Oct 2000 Process: 2000/00787-0 Finish: Aug 2003 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Gina Sá Barreto Pimentel Trancoso Supervisor: Jansle Vieira Rocha Survey of the biodiversity of Institution: School of Agricultural Engineering / 81 Chironomidae (Diptera) in the Campinas State University (Unicamp) sub-basin of the Ribeira River (Intervales State Park, SP) 83

Start: Apr 2000 Finish: Mar 2001 Process: 2000/03945-6 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Luciana Ferreira Alves Effect of the size of the fragment Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger 85 and of the type of matrix in the Institution: Institute of Biosciences / abundance of six species of forest University of São Paulo (USP) birds in Caucaia do Alto, SP Start: Nov 2000 Process: 2000/01120-0 Finish: Oct 2003 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Alexandre Uezu Modeling of the anthropic factors Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger 89 which influence the fragments of the Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Cerrado in the State of São Paulo University of São Paulo (USP) Start: May 2000 Process: 2000/07106-9 Finish: Apr 2002 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Jorge Alberto Bustamante Becerra Supervisor: Marisa Dantas Bitencourt The use of play-back techniques in the Institution: Institute of Biosciences / 86 development of a method capable of University of São Paulo (USP) confirming the presence or absence of birds in the interior of forest fragments Start: Oct 2000 Finish: Sep 2004 Process: 2000/01358-6 Modality: Masters Degree Variation of the abundance and Grant holder: Danilo Boscolo 90 richness of species of understory Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger birds in a fragmented landscape Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2000/08046-0 Start: Jul 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jun 2002 Grant holder: Alexandre Camargo Martensen Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of Relationships between the pattern São Paulo (USP) 87 of the relief and the diversity of tree species in fragments of Atlantic Start: Feb 2001 Rainforest in the region of Caucaia, SP Finish: Dec 2001

Process: 2000/01587-5 Modality: Masters Degree Comparative study of the phycological 91 diversity of three environments with Grant holder: William Goulart da Silva different trophic indices in the biological Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger reserve of the Fontes do Ipiranga State Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Park, São Paulo, SP University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Jul 2000 Process: 2000/12459-8 Finish: Jun 2002 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Bárbara Medeiros Fonseca Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Effect of connectivity on the abaundance Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry 88 and richness of plantules and young of of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) tree species in fragmented landscapes 84

Start: Jul 2001 Process: 2000/14242-6 Finish: Jun 2002 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Kathia Cristhina Sonoda Supervisor: Carlos Alberto Vettorazzi Mapping of the cover and soil use from Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 92 the hydrographic basins of the Alto Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Paranapanema Aguapeí, Peixe/Santo Anastácio and São José dos Dourados, Start: Jul 2001 based on satellite images Finish: Jun 2005

Process: 2000/12939-0 Modality: Post-doctorate Influence of the connectivity 96 of the landscape in the dispersal Grant holder: Alexandre Marco da Silva of seeds in fragments of tropical Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli Atlantic Rainforest – pilot project Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Process: 2000/14605-1 Start: Feb 2001 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jan 2005 Grant holder: Daniela Petenon Barbosa Supervisor: Vânia Regina Pivello Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Tietê River, SP: a study of the relationship University of São Paulo (USP) 93 between perception of landscape and environmental conservation Start: Feb 2001 Finish: Jan 2002 Process: 2000/13518-8 Modality: Post-doctorate Influence of the connectivity Grant holder: Loretti Portofe de Mello 97 of the landscape in the dispersal Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger of seeds in fragments of tropical Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Atlantic Rainforest – pilot project University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Nov 2001 Process: 2000/14606-8 Finish: Oct 2002 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Regina de Azevedo Soares Alonso Supervisor: Vânia Regina Pivello Evaluation of the quantitative coloration Institution: Institute of Biosciences / 94 method with "protargol" for the University of São Paulo (USP) identification of planktonic ciliates Start: Feb 2001 Process: 2000/13875-5 Finish: Jan 2002 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Natalia Sakura Koyama Effects of forest fragmentation on butterfly Supervisor: Mirna Januaria Leal Godinho 98 guilds in the Atlantic plateau of São Paulo Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Process: 2000/14717-4 Start: Mar 2001 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Nov 2001 Grant holder: Márcio Uehara Prado Supervisor: Keith Spalding Brown Júnior Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Relationship between the different uses of University (Unicamp) 95 the surrounding land and the composition of aquatic insects from five hydrographic Start: Apr 2001 basins in the State of São Paulo Finish: Mar 2003 85

Effect of the availability of water Grant holder: Leonardo Querobim Yokoyama 99 and nutrients in a system with three Supervisor: Luiz Francisco Lembo Duarte trophic levels Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2001/00851-3 Start: May 2001 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Dec 2001 Grant holder: André Tavares Corrêa Dias Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Census of the colonial ascidians in the University (Unicamp) 103 intertidal regions of the Praia da Baleia, São Sebastião, SP, with emphasis on the Start: May 2001 zoning and selection of microhabitats Finish: Feb 2003 Process: 2001/02877-0 Modality: Scientific Initiation Abundance of capitula, flowering time 100 and taxonomic isolation are determinants Grant holder: Gustavo Muniz Dias of local wealth of capitulum endophages? Supervisor: Luiz Francisco Lembo Duarte Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Process: 2001/00852-0 University (Unicamp) Modality: Masters Degree Start: May 2001 Grant holder: Umberto Kubota Finish: Dec 2001 Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Investigating the diversity of parasitic 104 Hymenoptera in the tropics: the study of Start: May 2001 trophic web focused on leafminer insects Finish: Feb 2003 Process: 2001/03673-9 Modality: Post-doctorate Chemical composition of the 101 precipitation and of the inhalable Grant holder: Jarbas Marçal de Queiroz particled material and their correlation Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão with the gradient of anthropic Institution: Museu de Zoologia / inteferences in the State of São Paulo University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Oct 2001 Process: 2001/02698-8 Finish: Jul 2002 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Luciene de Barros Lorandi Silveira Lara Investigating the diversity of parasitic Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli 105 Hymenoptera in the tropics: the study of Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in trophic web focused on leafminer insects Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Process: 2001/04813-9 Start: Apr 2001 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Mar 2005 Grant holder: Felipe Cristiano Alves Supervisor: Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Populational structure of Ophionereis Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 102 reticulata (Say,1825) (Echinodermata: Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Ophiuroidea) in the region of São Start: Jun 2001 Sebastião, SP Finish: Dec 2001 Process: 2001/02876-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation 86

Study of the fauna of Chironomidae Grant holder: Marcia Regina Denadai 106 (Diptera) in the Galharada streams Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral and interior country in the State Park Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State of Campos do Jordão, SP University (Unicamp) Start: Oct 2001 Process: 2001/05086-3 Finish: Jan 2006 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Marcia Thaís Suriano Supervisor: Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca Gessner Diversity of frogs and litterfall Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and 110 alligators in fragmented landscape Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) in the São Paulo Atlantic plateau Start: Jul 2001 Process: 2001/07916-3 Finish: Jun 2003 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Marianna Botelho de Oliveira Dixo Spatial distribution in subpopulations of Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger 107 Lytocaryum hoehnei (Burret) toledo Institution: Institute of Biosciences / (Arecaceae) in the Morro Grande forestry University of São Paulo (USP) reserve, municipality of Cotia, metropoli- Start: Oct 2001 tain region of São Paulo Finish: Sep 2004 Process: 2001/05281-0 Modality: Scientific Initiation Biogeography of interactions between Grant holder: Ana Alice Aguiar Eleutério 111 Asteraceae and the endophagous insects Supervisor: Flávio Antônio Maes dos Santos on their capitula in Cerrado regions Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State of São Paulo University (Unicamp) Process: 2001/08619-2 Start: Jun 2001 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Dec 2001 Grant holder: Adriana Monteiro de Almeida Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn Diversity, use and conservation in forests Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State 108 of the State of São Paulo: ethnobotanical University (Unicamp) potential around the permanent plots Start: Oct 2001 Finish: Nov 2005 Process: 2001/05596-1 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Natália Hanazaki 112 Analysis of spatial patterns of trees Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues from 4 forestry formations in the State Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / of São Paulo, through second order University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) analyses (Ripley’s K function) Start: Aug 2001 Process: 2001/11825-3 Finish: Jul 2002 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Robson Louiz Capretz Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of the Supervisor: João Luís Ferreira Batista 109 south and south-east coast of Brazil with Institution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of emphasis on the populational dynamic of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) Start: Mar 2002 Finish: 29/2/2004 Process: 2001/06955-5 Modality: Post-doctorate 87

Taxonomic study of the species of Process: 2002/02125-0 113 Cladocera from the Moinidae and Sididae Modality: Scientific Initiation families occurring in the State of São Grant holder: Ricardo Braga Neto Paulo, and description of the life cycle Supervisor: Renata Pardini of some of the species Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2001/12469-6 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Aug 2002 Finish: May 2003 Grant holder: Gustavo Almeida Borges Rosa Supervisor: Odete Rocha Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Study of the relative importance Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 117 of the degree of connectivity and the Start: Feb 2002 structure of vegetation for the community Finish: Jan 2003 of small mammals in forest fragments of the Atlantic Rainforest

Effects of the fragmentation of the Process: 2002/02126-7 114 Atlantic Rainforest – a comparative Modality: Scientific Initiation study between landscapes and groups Grant holder: Sérgio Marques de Souza of species of small vertebrates Supervisor: Renata Pardini Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Process: 2001/13309-2 University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Aug 2002 Grant holder: Renata Pardini Finish: May 2003 Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Annelida, Polychaeta: a systematic Start: Jan 2002 118 study of the Canalipalpata of the Finish: 15/8/2003 south-south-east coast of Brazil and the populational ecology of Capitella capitata (Scolecida, Capitellidae) Sexual systems of tree species from 115 an area of Cerrado and a sandbank Process: 2002/03433-0 area in the State of São Paulo Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Érica Verônica Pardo Process: 2002/01778-0 Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral Modality: Post-doctorate Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Grant holder: Cibele Cardoso de Castro University (Unicamp) Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues Start: Sep 2002 Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Finish: May 2007 University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Start: Feb 2003 Finish: Jan 2006 Study and tendencies in the 119 temporal series of quality of water in some rivers in the State of Effects of the fragmentation of the São Paulo presenting different 116 Atlantic Rainforest – investigating degrees of anthropic intervention the relative importance of the size of the fragment and of the quality of Process: 2002/04932-0 the habitat in the structuring of Modality: Masters Degree the community of small mammals Grant holder: Juliano Daniel Groppo 88

Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli Nictemeral variation in the structure Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 123 and dynamic of the phytoplanktonic Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) community in the periods of rain and drought in mesotrophic environment Start: Sep 2002 (Lago das Ninféias), State Park of Finish: Aug 2004 Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo

Process: 2002/10938-1 Use of bivalve molluscs in Modality: Masters Degree 120 a comparative study of the presence of triazinic herbicides in hydrographic Grant holder: Karin Ferraz Biesemeyer basins in the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo Institution: Institute of Botany / Ministry Process: 2002/07502-7 of State for the Environment (SMA-SP) Modality: Doctorate Start: Sep 2003 Grant holder: Analu Egydio Jacomini Finish: Jul 2005 Supervisor: Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Biodiversity, spatial distribution and 124 seasonal occurrence of tadpoles and adult Start: Dec 2002 amphibian anurans in Nova Itapirema, Finish: Nov 2005 north-west region of the State of São Paulo Seeds showers in a tropical mountain Process: 2002/11388-5 121 forest of the São Paulo plateau Modality: Masters Degree Process: 2002/09823-5 Grant holder: Tiago da Silveira Vasconcelos Modality: Scientific Initiation Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Grant holder: Mariana Brando Balazs da Costa Faria Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Supervisor: Luciana Ferreira Alves São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Apr 2003 Finish: Jan 2005 Start: Feb 2003 Finish: Dec 2003 Biodiversity and use of habitat 125 of the anurofauna in Small mammals in Caucaia do Alto – an Santa Fé do Sul, north-west region 122 analysis of the importance of connectivity of the State of São Paulo in a fragmented landscape Process: 2002/11389-1 Process: 2002/10845-3 Modality: Masters Degree Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Tiago Gomes dos Santos Grant holder: Fabiana Umetsu Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres Supervisor: Renata Pardini Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Institution: Institute of Biosciences / of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Start: Sep 2003 Start: Oct 2003 Finish: Aug 2005 Finish: Jan 2005 89

Organic acidity of the precipitation Process: 2003/04868-3 126 and land use in the State of São Paulo Modality: Post-doctorate space and time variability Grant holder: Adalberto José dos Santos Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Process: 2002/12819-0 Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry Modality: Doctorate of State of Health (SES-SP) Grant holder: Vanessa Prezotto Silveira Start: Jun 2004 Supervisor: Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Finish: Oct 2006 Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Start: Mar 2003 Diversity and biogeography of amphibians Finish: Aug 2006 130 in islands of the State of São Paulo

Process: 2003/06014-1 Silvigenesis as a tool for the successional Modality: Post-doctorate 127 characterization of stretches of forest Grant holder: Cínthia Aguirre Brasileiro and the relationship of the silvigenetic Supervisor: Ivan Sazima mosaic to abiotic factors in low Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State mountain dense evergreen rainforest University (Unicamp) (Carlos Botelho State Park) Start: Apr 2004 Process: 2003/00233-3 Finish: May 2007 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Andrea Vanini Temporal variation of the density Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues 131 and reproduction of janaira gracilis Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State of the phytal of the Ilha dos Porcos University (Unicamp) Pequenos, Picinguaba, north coast Start: Jun 2003 of the State of São Paulo Finish: May 2006 Process: 2003/09202-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Effect of the degradation of habitat Grant holder: Marcela Cristina Zanoni Ferrari 128 on community patterns and properties Supervisor: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite of trophic networks between plants Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State and phytophage insects University (Unicamp) Process: 2003/02548-1 Start: Dec 2003 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Nov 2004 Grant holder: Mario Almeida Neto Supervisor: Thomas Michael Lewinsohn 132 Ecological similarity in communities Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State of tadpoles of anurans: the role University (Unicamp) of historic (phylogenetic) and Start: Sep 2003 contemporary (ecological) components Finish: Aug 2006 Process: 2003/11049-9 Modality: Masters Degree Biodiversity of Salticidae (Arachnida, Grant holder: Vitor Hugo Mendonça do Prado 129 Araneae) of the Atlantic Rainforest: Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres local diversity, similarity between areas Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute and patterns of distribution of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) 90

Start: Mar 2004 Process: 2003/13688-9 Finish: Feb 2006 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Nivaldo Peroni Supervisor: Alpina Begossi Effects of the anthropic activity Institution: Nucleus for Environmental 133 and of the forest fragmentation Study and Research / Campinas State University on guilds of lepidopterans (Nepam/Unicamp) Process: 2003/11697-0 Start: Jul 2004 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jun 2006 Grant holder: Danilo Bandini Ribeiro Supervisor: Keith Spalding Brown Júnior Ethno- ichthyology, diet and alimentary Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State 137 taboos of artisanal fishermen of Ilhabela, University (Unicamp) northern coast of São Paulo Start: Mar 2004 Finish: Feb 2006 Process: 2004/02183-6 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Milena Ramires de Souza The occurrence of formations of bamboo in Supervisor: Alpina Begossi 134 the hillside forest of the Atlantic Rainforest Institution: Nucleus for Environmental and its influence on local diversity Study and Research / Campinas State University (Nepam/Unicamp) Process: 2003/12485-7 Modality: Doctorate Start: Jun 2005 Finish: May 2008 Grant holder: Luciana Spinelli de Araújo Supervisor: Gerd Sparovek Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Strategies for the use of nitrogen University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) 138 on tree species in the forests Start: Jun 2004 of the State of São Paulo Finish: May 2008 Process: 2004/03647-6 Modality: Doctorate Effects of fragmentation on the predation Grant holder: Érico Fernando Lopes Pereira da Silva 135 of artificial nests in the region of Atlantic Supervisor: Carlos Alfredo Joly Rainforest, Caucaia do Alto, SP Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2003/12723-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Feb 2005 Finish: Jan 2008 Grant holder: Carlos Ernesto Candia Gallardo Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Responses of the small mammals from University of São Paulo (USP) 139 the mature areas of the Atlantic Rainforest Start: Jan 2004 to micro-scale variations to the habitat Finish: Jun 2004 Process: 2004/04959-1 Modality: Scientific Initiation Inter- and intra- specific diversity of Grant holder: Laura Regina Capelari Naxara 136 species cultivated: the management Supervisor: Renata Pardini of species and rocks in the context Institution: Institute of Biosciences / of use of land and of the sea for University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Caiçara populations 91

Start: Nov 2004 Process: 2004/11279-7 Finish: May 2005 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Alexandre Camargo Martensen Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger Risk and uncertainty: the use of Institution: Institute of Biosciences / 140 ecological models in artisanal fishing University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2004/07073-4 Start: Mar 2005 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2006 Grant holder: Priscila Fabiana Lopes Mac Cord Supervisor: Alpina Begossi Etnoecology and ethnotaxonomy Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State 144 of the fishermen of Perequê Beach, University (Unicamp) Guarujá, SP Start: Sep 2004 Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2004/11977-6 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Arlaine dos Santos Francisco Gianeli Spatial structuring of falling trees and Supervisor: Alpina Begossi 141 relationships with the spatial pattern of Institution: Nucleus for Environmental the richness of species in different vegetal Study and Research / Campinas State University formations in the State of São Paulo (Nepam/Unicamp) Process: 2004/09554-0 Start: Mar 2005 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Feb 2007 Grant holder: Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues The importance of forest fragments Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 145 in the richness and diversity of University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) amphibian anurans in Icem, northwest Start: Nov 2004 region of the State of São Paulo Finish: Nov 2006 Process: 2004/12223-5 Modality: Masters Degree Socio-ecological dynamics in the Grant holder: Fernando Rodrigues da Silva 142 management of participative fishing: the Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres case of a marine extractavist reserve Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Process: 2004/11273-9 São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Aug 2005 Grant holder: Cristiana Simão Seixas Finish: Aug 2006 Supervisor: Alpina Begossi Institution: Nucleus for Environmental Study and Research / Campinas State University Environmental heterogeneity: (Nepam/Unicamp) 146 what is its role in the regulation of Start: Feb 2005 the richness and diversity of species Finish: Jan 2007 of open area amphibian anurans?

Process: 2004/12224-1 Conservation of understory birds in Modality: Masters Degree 143 fragmented landscapes: importance of Grant holder: Carolina Panin Candeira cover and configuration of the habitat Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres 92

Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Use of stable isotopes of carbon and of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / 150 nitrogen in ecophysiological studies in São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) the area of Cerrado (wooded savanna) stricto sensu in the State of São Paulo Start: Aug 2005 Finish: Jul 2006 Process: 2005/57141-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Excavation behavior and functional Grant holder: Luciana Della Coletta 147 morphology in three species of neotropi- Supervisor: Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto cal Microhylinae (Anura, Microhylidae) Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Process: 2004/13037-0 Start: Nov 2005 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Oct 2007 Grant holder: Aline Cristina Sant’Anna Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Losses of nitrogen through the emission of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / 151 of gases and their relationship with the São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) decomposition of the forest litter and biomass of roots in the Atlantic Rainforest Start: Jan 2005 Finish: Dec 2005 Process: 2005/57549-8 Modality: Masters Degree Conservation of aquatic insects Grant holder: Eraclito Rodrigues de Sousa Neto 148 in the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Process: 2004/14502-9 Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Mar 2006 Grant holder: Fábio de Oliveira Roque Finish: 29/2/2008 Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Cycling of nutrients of the soil and the 152 forest litter in dense evergreen rainforest Start: May 2005 in the State Park of Serra do Mar Finish: Apr 2008 Process: 2005/57950-4 Modality: Doctorate Silvigenic characterization of a stretch of 149 dense evergreen rainforest in the Carlos Grant holder: Susian Christian Martins Botelho State Park, Sete Barras, SP Supervisor: Marisa de Cássia Piccolo Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Process: 2005/54097-9 Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Apr 2006 Grant holder: Renata Rodrigues Fernandez Finish: Mar 2009 Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Patterns and diversity of functional 153 types in dense evergreen rainforest in Start: Aug 2005 the nuclei Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia Finish: Jul 2007 in the State Park of Serra do Mar

Process: 2005/59168-1 Modality: Post-doctorate 93

Grant holder: Enio Egon Sosinski Júnior Inorganic forms of nitrogen in different Supervisor: Carlos Alfredo Joly 157 tropical areas of the Atlantic Rainforest Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State of the State of São Paulo University (Unicamp) Process: 2006/53412-0 Start: Apr 2006 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Mar 2008 Grant holder: Grasiele Fernanda Bueno Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli Dynamic and populational study Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 154 of four species of tree species in the Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) nuclei Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia – Start: Oct 2006 the State Park of Serra do Mar, SP Finish: Sep 2007 Process: 2006/50014-4 Modality: Doctorate Study of the hydric balance and Grant holder: Carolina Bernucci Virillo 158 the biogeochemical balance of nitrogen Supervisor: Flávio Antônio Maes dos Santos in a microbasin of the first order with Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State cover of pasture on the north coast University (Unicamp) of the State of São Paulo Start: Jul 2006 Process: 2006/54292-9 Finish: Jun 2009 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Luiz Felippe Salemi Use of forest remnants by the Supervisor: Luiz Antônio Martinelli 155 anuranfauna of the northwest region Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in of the State of São Paulo Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Start: Sep 2006 Process: 2006/51534-1 Finish: Aug 2008 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Vitor Hugo Mendonça do Prado Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres Structure and ecomorphology of taxoce- Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute 159 nosis of tadpoles in the Atlantic Rainforest of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Process: 2006/54308-2 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Jul 2006 Finish: Jun 2009 Grant holder: Natacha Yuri Nagatani Dias Supervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Floristics and structure of the arboreal of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / 156 community of the submountainous dense São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) evergreen rainforest in the nucleus Start: Sep 2006 Picinguaga/PESM, Ubatuba, SP Finish: Jan 2008 Process: 2006/52519-6 Modality: Masters Degree Annual patterns of reproduction of anurans Grant holder: Mariana Cruz Rodrigues de Campos 160 in the Caetetus Ecological Station, SP Supervisor: Carlos Alfredo Joly Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Process: 2006/55363-7 University (Unicamp) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Sep 2006 Grant holder: Ricardo Augusto Brassaloti Finish: Aug 2008 Supervisor: Jaime Aparecido Bertoluci Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 94

University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Process: 2006/58849-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Dec 2006 Finish: Nov 2007 Grant holder: Francisco Valente Neto Supervisor: Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca Gessner Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Forest fragmentation affects the composition Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 161 and distribution of mite fauna (Arachnida, Start: Nov 2006 Acari) associated with the vegetation? Finish: Oct 2007 Process: 2006/55725-6 Modality: Doctorate The pattern of dispersion and sex- Grant holder: Peterson Rodrigo Demite 165 asymmetry in Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Supervisor: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres Apidae). A case study of: Euglossa Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute cordata linnaeus 1758 of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Process: 2006/59387-8 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Mar 2007 Finish: Feb 2010 Grant holder: Natália de Campos Muradas Cerantola Supervisor: Marco Antônio Del Lama Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Isotopic composition of the flows Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 162 of CO in the area of Cerrado 2 Start: Mar 2007 (State Park of Vassununga) Finish: Feb 2009 Process: 2006/56863-3 Modality: Doctorate Study of the hydric balance and Grant holder: Jadson Dezincourt Dias 166 the biogeochemical balance of nitrogen Supervisor: Plínio Barbosa de Camargo in a microbasin with forest plantation Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in of eucalyptus on the north coast of the Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) State of São Paulo Start: Jan 2007 Process: 2006/59536-3 Finish: Dec 2009 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Rodrigo Trevisan Primary liquid productivity Supervisor: Jorge Marcos de Moraes 163 in different phytophysionomies in Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in the Serra do Mar State Park, SP Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Start: Mar 2007 Process: 2006/57010-4 Finish: Feb 2009 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh Supervisor: Plínio Barbosa de Camargo Biology of the nidification, sociogenetic Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 167 structure and populational genetic Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) structure in bees of the Centris genus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) which make Start: Dec 2006 nests in pre-existing cavities Finish: Nov 2009 Process: 2006/60863-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Use of Xylophilus macroinvertebrates 164 as bioindicators of biological integrity of Grant holder: Camila Helena da Silva streams in the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Marco Antônio Del Lama 95

Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Process: 2007/50885-8 Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Modality: Doctorate Start: Jan 2007 Grant holder: Letícia Couto Garcia Finish: Dec 2007 Supervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Morpho-physiological foliar variations Start: Aug 2007 168 of two ligneous species along a gradient Finish: Jul 2010 of altitude in the Atlantic Rainforest

Process: 2007/50540-0 SANITARY ENGINEERING Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Lisa Cardillo Paes Contribution to the technological Supervisor: Rafael Silva Oliveira 172 exploration of the microbian studies Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in caerried out in the Biota-FAPESP Program: Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) evaluation of the potential of the anaerobic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) Start: Apr 2007 Finish: Mar 2008 Process: 2000/08323-3 Modality: Doctorate Chemical characterization of the Grant holder: Flávia Talarico Saia 169 soil in the dense evergreen rainforest Supervisor: Rosana Filomena Vazoller of the Serra do Mar State Park Institution: Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2007/50561-8 Start: Sep 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Aug 2004 Grant holder: Carla Alberoni Rosada Supervisor: Marisa de Cássia Piccolo PHARMACY Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Evaluation of the antimicrobial Start: Apr 2007 173 activities of uncultivated extracts of Finish: Dec 2007 cultures of 10 species of fungus isolated in the São Paulo Atlantic Rainforest

Foliar detritus as substrate for Process: 2005/56411-2 170 aquatic macroinvertebrates: a study Modality: Scientific Initiation of colonization of detritus of C3 and C4 Grant holder: Iara Elise de Lima Oliveira plants in low order streams Supervisor: Jairo Kenupp Bastos Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Process: 2007/50860-5 Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Dec 2005 Grant holder: Gisele de Castro Vieira Finish: Nov 2006 Supervisor: Susana Trivinho Strixino Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Optimization of the conditions of cultivating Start: May 2007 174 Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, Finish: Apr 2008 aimed at the production and isolation of biologically active secondary metabolites

Evaluation of the ecological sustainability Process: 2005/57116-4 171 of restored riparian forests Modality: Masters Degree 96

Grant holder: Willian Jonis Andrioli Determination of the antioxidant Supervisor: Jairo Kenupp Bastos 178 activity involved in antiulcerogenic Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical mechanisms of Anacardium humile Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) st. hill. (Anacardiaceae) Start: Mar 2006 Process: 2004/13660-0 Finish: 29/2/2008 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Ana Cristina Alves de Almeida PHARMACOLOGY Supervisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Antiulcerogenic activity of native plants University (Unicamp) 175 of the Cerrado in the State of São Paulo – Start: Mar 2005 belonging to the Indigofera genus Finish: Dec 2006 Process: 2003/03110-0 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Mechanisms of action involved in Grant holder: Maira Cola Miranda 179 antiulcerogenic activity of Anacardium Supervisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito humile st. Hil. (Anacardiaceae) Institution: School of Medical Sciences / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2007/53362-6 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Sep 2003 Finish: Nov 2006 Grant holder: Ana Cristina Alves de Almeida Supervisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Medicinal vivarium project: University (Unicamp) 176 ethnopharmacology as a tool for a Start: Sep 2007 program of environmental education Finish: Mar 2009 in the town of Sumaré, SP

Process: 2004/00943-3 GENETICS Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Patrícia de Sousa Oliveira Dynamic and genetic structure of Supervisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito 180 populations of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 1999/05493-6 Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Jun 2004 Finish: May 2005 Grant holder: Maria Tereza Grombone Guaratini Supervisor: Vera Nisaka Solferini Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Determination of the antioxidant University (Unicamp) 177 activity of plants of the Indigofera Start: Jan 2000 and Vernonia genus Finish: Apr 2004 Process: 2004/07898-3 Modality: Post-doctorate Diversity of the bacterial flora Grant holder: Elisângela Farias Silva 181 of Tomoplagia minuta and Tomoplagia Supervisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito reinoseri (Diptera, Tephritidae) Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 1999/05829-4 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Nov 2004 Finish: Oct 2007 Grant holder: Ricardo Augusto Tibúrcio Supervisor: Vera Nisaka Solferini 97

Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Process: 2001/09990-6 University (Unicamp) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Sep 1999 Grant holder: Ana Paula Guarnieri Christ Finish: Aug 2001 Supervisor: Laura Maria Mariscal Ottoboni Institution: Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering / Campinas State University Genetic variability in Tomoplagia minuta (Unicamp) 182 and T. reimoseri (Diptera: Tephritidae) Start: Dec 2001 Finish: Nov 2002 Process: 1999/06176-4 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Aluana Gonçalves de Abreu Evaluation of the mutagenic activity Supervisor: Vera Nisaka Solferini 186 of the plants Ananas ananassoides Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State and Hancornia speciosa through trials University (Unicamp) of reverse genetic mutation with S. typhimurium Start: Sep 1999 Finish: Dec 2000 Process: 2004/01786-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Molecular characterization of strains Grant holder: Flávio Romanini Tubaldini 183 of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans isolates Supervisor: Eliana Aparecida Varanda of anthropic environments Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2001/02057-2 Start: Jul 2004 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jun 2006 Grant holder: Ricardo Verzegnassi Veríssimo Supervisor: Laura Maria Mariscal Ottoboni Trials of reverse genetic mutation Institution: Center for Molecular Biology and 187 with Salmonella typhimurium for Genetic Engineering / Campinas State University evaluation of mutagenic activity of the (Unicamp) plants Davilla nitida e D. elliptica Start: Jul 2001 Finish: 09/6/2002 Process: 2004/01787-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Fabiana Izilda Biso Endophytic microorganisms: Supervisor: Eliana Aparecida Varanda 184 cloning and characterization of genes Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical of hydrolases and their proteins Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2001/06443-4 Start: Jul 2004 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Jun 2005 Grant holder: André Oliveira de Souza Lima Supervisor: João Lucio de Azevedo Control of the genetic expression of the Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 188 metabolism of carbohydrates by auxin University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) during the mobilization of reserves and the Start: Sep 2001 development of plant embryos of jatobá Finish: Aug 2002 (Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa)

Process: 2004/10159-8 Analysis of strains of Acidithiobacillus Modality: Doctorate 185 thiooxidans isolates of anthropic Grant holder: Aline Dias Brandão environments through RFLP and Supervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge sequencing of RDNA 16s 98

Institution: Center for Molecular Biology and Tracing of genotoxicity of antimutagenesis Genetic Engineering / Campinas State University 192 of semi-purified fractions extracted from (Unicamp) Pterogyne nitens using the test of the micronucleus in Tradescantia pallida Start: Dec 2004 Finish: Nov 2007 Process: 2006/60891-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation Cytogenetics of amphibian anurans Grant holder: Fernanda Gargantini Ferreira 189 of the Brazilian fauna, with techniques Supervisor: Christiane Pienna Soares of differential coloration Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2004/12577-1 Start: Mar 2007 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: 29/2/2008 Grant holder: André Luís Bombeiro Supervisor: Sanae Kasahara Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / GEOSCIENCES São Paulo State University (Unesp) The control of flows of surface Start: Jan 2005 193 energy in the formation of nebulosity: Finish: Dec 2005 an investigation using measurments in flow towers Mechanisms of chromosomic variation Process: 2005/55011-0 190 in the Leptodactylus genus and in Modality: Scientific Initiation species of families related to the Leptodactylidae (amphibia, anura) Grant holder: Sandra Isay Saad Supervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha Process: 2006/56193-8 Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Modality: Doctorate Atmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: João Reinaldo da Cruz de Campos Start: Aug 2005 Supervisor: Sanae Kasahara Finish: Dec 2005 Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Relationship between the extent and the Start: Sep 2006 194 form of deforestation and the impacts on Finish: Aug 2009 precipitation: a case study for the Cuiabá-Santarém highway Cytogenetics of representatives of the Process: 2005/57829-0 191 Microhylidae family (amphibia, anura), Modality: Masters Degree with identification of species-specific cytological markers Grant holder: Sandra Isay Saad Supervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha Process: 2006/56932-5 Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Modality: Scientific Initiation Atmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Thiago Gazoni Start: Mar 2006 Supervisor: Sanae Kasahara Finish: 29/2/2008 Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Effect of climate change on Start: Sep 2006 195 productivity and the availability Finish: Aug 2007 of water: an investigation of the agroecosystems of São Paulo 99

Process: 2006/50924-0 Start: Mar 2000 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2003 Grant holder: Jonatan Dupont Tatsch Supervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha Polyphasic characterization Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and 199 of the biodiversity of degrading Atmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) isolates of xenobiotic pollutants Start: Jan 2007 in the Baixada Santista Finish: Dec 2009 Process: 2000/03470-8 Modality: Masters Degree Climatic extremes in the southeast and Grant holder: Débora Frigi Rodrigues 196 centerwest of Brazil: the present climate Supervisor: Vivian Helena Pellizari and projections for the XXI century Institution: Institute of Biomedical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2006/53769-6 Modality: Masters Degree Start: Aug 2000 Finish: Jul 2002 Grant holder: Rodrigo José Bombardi Supervisor: Leila Maria Vespoli de Carvalho Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Distribution and biodiversity of Atmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 200 biodegrading consortia of xenobotic Start: Sep 2006 compounds in the Baixada Santista, SP Finish: 29/2/2008 Process: 2000/03657-0 Modality: Masters Degree MICROBIOLOGY Grant holder: Anderson Cornationi Lopez Supervisor: Vivian Helena Pellizari Molecular ecology of bacteria associated Institution: Institute of Biomedical Sciences / 197 with sediments under the impact of University of São Paulo (USP) organochlorinated xenobiotic compounds in rivers of the Baixada Santista, SP Start: Aug 2000 Finish: Jul 2002 Process: 1999/10739-4 Modality: Doctorate Molecular characterization of nitrogen Grant holder: Fernanda Francischetti Piza 201 fixing bacteria associated with grasses Supervisor: Gilson Paulo Manfio of economic importance Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2000/05402-0 Start: May 2000 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Apr 2004 Grant holder: Patrícia Locosque Ramos Supervisor: Carlos Alberto Moreira Filho Institution: Institute of Biomedical Sciences / Molecular characterization of University of São Paulo (USP) 198 Xanthomonas spp. phytopathogenic isolates of different hosts and geographical Start: Aug 2000 regions of the State of São Paulo Finish: Jul 2002

Process: 1999/11417-0 Modality: Post-doctorate Diversity of catabolic genes of 202 xenobiotic degrading microorganisms Grant holder: Suzete Aparecida Lanza Destefano in the Baixada Santista, SP Supervisor: Gilson Paulo Manfio Institution: Campinas Institute of Biology / Ministry Process: 2000/07811-4 of State for Agriculture and Supplies (SAA-SP) Modality: Doctorate 100

Grant holder: Giovani Sebben Bellicanta Study of the antimycobacterial Supervisor: Vivian Helena Pellizari 206 activity of vegetable extracts Institution: Institute of Biomedical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2004/01436-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Sep 2000 Finish: Aug 2004 Grant holder: Célio Takashi Higuchi Supervisor: Clarice Queico Fujimura Leite Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Thermoresistant acid bacteria involved Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) 203 in the processing of orange juices Start: Jul 2004 Finish: Jan 2005 Process: 2000/08653-3 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Maria Inácia Simões Stach Farah Bioprospection in filamentous fungi: Supervisor: Sílvia Yuko Eguchi 207 production and characterization Institution: André Tosello Tropical Research of the pectinolytic complex and Technology Foundation Process: 2005/51819-3 Start: Nov 2000 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: May 2001 Grant holder: Alexandre Maller Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira Anaerobic degradation of de Moraes Polizeli 204 pentachlorophenol in estuary Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, sediments: metabolic response Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) of methanogenic Archaea and ion Start: Mar 2006 sulphate-reducing bacteria Finish: 29/2/2008 Process: 2000/11900-2 Modality: Doctorate Bioprospection in filamentous fungi: Grant holder: Cristina Rossi Nakayama 208 study of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase Supervisor: Rosana Filomena Vazoller in fungi isolated from the soil, Institution: Institute of Biomedical Sciences / decomposing matter and thermal waters University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2005/54133-5 Start: Jan 2001 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Dec 2004 Grant holder: Tony Márcio da Silva Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Diversity of endophytic bacteria Polizeli 205 of coffee plants (Coffea arabica Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, e Coffea robusta) Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Mar 2006 Process: 2001/07122-7 Finish: Oct 2008 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Flávia Vieira Nunes Supervisor: Itamar Soares de Melo Study of lipases produced Institution: Brazilian Agricultural Research 209 by filamentous fungi Corporation (Embrapa) Process: 2005/54565-2 Start: Mar 2002 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: 29/2/2004 101

Grant holder: Alan Pádua Tristão Start: Mar 2006 Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira Finish: 29/2/2008 de Moraes Polizeli Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Optimization of the cultivation 213 conditions of endophytic va 16 for Start: Sep 2005 production of secondary metabolites Finish: Aug 2007 with biological activities

Process: 2005/58427-3 Study of xilanases produced by Modality: Masters Degree 210 filamentous fungi with potential for industrial application: selection of strains, Grant holder: Henrique Pereira Ramos production, biochemical charcaterization Supervisor: Suraia Said and phyolgenetic relationships Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2005/55463-9 Start: Mar 2006 Modality: Doctorate Finish: 29/2/2008 Grant holder: Michele Michelin Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli Diversity of endophytic Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, 214 bacteria of red mangrove Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) (Rhizophora mangle) and evaluation of the Start: Jan 2006 biotechnological potential Finish: Dec 2008 Process: 2006/52689-9 Modality: Masters Degree Study of the pectolytic system 211 in filamentous fungi Grant holder: Eduardo Penteado Gottardo Supervisor: Itamar Soares de Melo Process: 2005/56999-0 Institution: Brazilian Agricultural Research Modality: Masters Degree Corporation (Embrapa) Grant holder: André Ricardo de Lima Damásio Start: Mar 2007 Supervisor: Maria de Lourdes Teixeira Finish: Feb 2009 de Moraes Polizeli Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP) Study of the diversity of polyporoid Start: Mar 2006 215 basidiomycetes in remnant Finish: 29/2/2008 forest fragments in the northwest of São Paulo State

Optimization of the cultivation Process: 2006/58786-6 212 conditions of endophytic fungus va 27 Modality: Masters Degree for production of bioactive substances Grant holder: Maíra Cortellini Abrahão Supervisor: Eleni Gomes Process: 2005/58426-7 Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Modality: Masters Degree of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Grant holder: Gláucia Hollaender Braun São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Supervisor: Suraia Said Start: Sep 2007 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Finish: Aug 2009 Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 102

OCEANOGRAPHY Grant holder: Débora Cristina Baldoqui Bergamo Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea in Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 216 the north of the State of São Paulo São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: Apr 1999 Process: 2002/04298-0 Finish: Mar 2003 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Michela Borges Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral Search for anti-cancer and anti- Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State 220 microbial limonoidal constituents University (Unicamp) of the medicinal plants of Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest flora Start: Aug 2002 Finish: Jul 2005 Process: 1999/00927-8 Modality: Post-doctorate

PSYCHOLOGY Grant holder: Karumanchi Venkateswara Rao Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Actuality of the work of Lev S. Vygotsky: Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 217 verification of the directions of Brazilian São Paulo State University (Unesp) scientific research between the years Start: Aug 1999 2000 and 2006 Finish: 29/2/2000 Process: 2006/57955-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Phytochemical study and search for Grant holder: João Bosco dos Santos Baring 221 bioactive substances of Styrax camporum Supervisor: Rogério Lerner Institution: Institute of Psychology / Process: 1999/01664-0 University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Dec 2006 Grant holder: Helder Lopes Teles Finish: Nov 2007 Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) CHEMISTRY Start: May 1999 Finish: Apr 2001 Chemical and biosynthetic study 218 of the quinonamethide triterpenes in Salacia distinta (Hippocrateaceae) Determination of quinonamethide 222 triterpenes and friedelan derivatives Process: 1998/16543-1 in differentiated and non-differentiated Modality: Doctorate tissues in morphological varieties Grant holder: Alex Haroldo Jeller of Maytenus ilicifolia Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 1999/02258-6 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Apr 1999 Grant holder: Waldemar Buffa Filho Finish: Feb 2003 Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Biosynthetic study of 4-nerolidilcatecol in Start: May 1999 219 Potomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae) Finish: Apr 2001 Process: 1998/16545-4 Modality: Doctorate 103

Secondary metabolism in culture of Start: Nov 1999 223 Polymnia sonchifolia cells Finish: Oct 2003

Process: 1999/05798-1 Modality: Masters Degree Prenylation in vivo and in vitro of 227 cromenes present in piper aduncum: Grant holder: Angélica Yucari Tsuruta evaluation of the antifungal activity Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Institution: Institute of Chemistry / Process: 1999/09808-1 University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Nov 1999 Grant holder: Andréia de Araújo Morandim Finish: Oct 2001 Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Search for substances in species 224 of Tocoyena in the State of São Paulo Start: Dec 1999 Finish: Nov 2001 Process: 1999/05927-6 Modality: Doctorate Synthesis and structure-activity Grant holder: Lidilhone Hamerski 228 relationship of Trypanocidal lignans Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 1999/11738-1 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Nov 1999 Grant holder: Kenichi Nihei Finish: Oct 2003 Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Institution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Search for bioactive compounds 225 in species of Lauraceae and of Start: Feb 2000 Myristicaceae in the State of São Paulo Finish: Apr 2001

Process: 1999/06151-1 Modality: Masters Degree Phytochemical study and study 229 of the antifungal, anticancerigenic Grant holder: Andrea Nastri de Luca and antioxidant activities of Arrabidaea Supervisor: Massayoshi Yoshida samydoides (Bignoniaceae) Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2000/04352-9 Start: Sep 1999 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2001 Grant holder: Patrícia Mendonca Pauletti Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Biomonitored phytochemical São Paulo State University (Unesp) 226 study of Cassia leptophylla (Leguminosae) and of the relationship Start: Jun 2000 structure-activity of piperidinic Finish: May 2004 alkaloids active in the DNA

Process: 1999/07317-0 Development of methodology Modality: Doctorate 230 in clae-deq for the detection and separation of potential antioxidant Grant holder: Cláudio Viegas Júnior micromolecules in species of the Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Cerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) 104

Process: 2000/07266-6 Study of the chemically Modality: Post-doctorate 234 mediated interactions between species of insects and Piperaceae Grant holder: Ian Castro Gamboa Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Process: 2000/09743-6 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Modality: Masters Degree São Paulo State University (Unesp) Grant holder: Clécio Sousa Ramos Start: Sep 2000 Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Finish: Aug 2003 Institution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Phytochemical and biological study Start: Dec 2000 231 of Chimarrhis turbinata dc. (Rubiaceae) Finish: Nov 2002 and Machaerium villosum vog. (Leguminosae-papilonoideae) Studies of biosynthesis of celastrol in call- Process: 2000/07272-6 235 luses and cellular suspension of Maytenus Modality: Doctorate aquifolium martius (Celastraceae) Grant holder: Carmem Lúcia Cardoso Process: 2000/12054-8 Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Modality: Post-doctorate Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Grant holder: João Oiano Neto Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Start: Aug 2000 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Finish: Aug 2003 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: May 2001 Phytochemical study and search for Finish: Oct 2001 232 antioxidant and antitumoral substances in Aspidosperma olivaceum (mull.) Arg. and Malouetia arborea (vell.) Chemical study and study of the Miers (Apocynaceae) 236 anticancerigenic, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Prunus Process: 2000/08217-9 myrtifolia (l.) Urban. (Rosaceae) Modality: Doctorate Process: 2001/01648-7 Grant holder: Fernando José Costa Carneiro Modality: Doctorate Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Grant holder: Luciana de Avila Santos São Paulo State University (Unesp) Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Start: Oct 2000 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Finish: 29/2/2004 Start: May 2001 Finish: Apr 2005 Prospection for bioactive compounds 233 in species of Piperaceae Phytochemical study Process: 2000/08904-6 237 of species of lauraceas Modality: Masters Degree Process: 2001/09598-9 Grant holder: Diego Campos Cervera Casanova Modality: Doctorate Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Institution: Institute of Chemistry / Grant holder: Andrea Nastri de Luca University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Supervisor: Massayoshi Yoshida Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Start: Dec 2000 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Finish: Nov 2002 105

Start: Jul 2002 Grant holder: Hosana Maria Debonsi Finish: Jun 2005 Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Biosynthetic and enzymological study Start: Oct 2002 238 in Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) Finish: Sep 2004 Process: 2001/10540-5 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Sustainable use of Brazilian Grant holder: Andréia de Araújo Morandim 242 biodiversity: pharmacological Supervisor: Maysa Furlan chemical prospection in higher plants: Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2002/09493-5 Start: Jan 2002 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Dec 2003 Grant holder: Miriam Sannomiya Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Search for secondary metabolites Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 239 with antifungal potential in species São Paulo State University (Unesp) of Piperaceae Start: Mar 2003 Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2002/03474-9 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: João Henrique Ghilardi Lago Phytochemic study and study of the Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato 243 antifungal activity of branches of Institution: Institute of Chemistry / Banisteriopsis variabilis (Malpighiaceae) University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Process: 2002/09594-6 Start: Jul 2002 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Mar 2003 Grant holder: Camila Kise Higa Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Study and purification of enzymes Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 240 involved in the biosynthesis of neolignans São Paulo State University (Unesp) in species of Piperaceae Start: Dec 2002 Finish: Nov 2003 Process: 2002/03475-5 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Roberto Carlos Campos Martins Re-study of Uncaria guianensis: Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato 244 search for terpenic indolo Institution: Institute of Chemistry / alkaloids with trypanocide activity University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) and other constituents Start: Oct 2002 Process: 2002/10222-6 Finish: Jul 2004 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Andrea Carneiro de Oliveira Study of the metabolome-proteome of Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani 241 Piper tuberculatum by mass spectrometry Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / (Maldi-TOF) and bidimensional gel São Paulo State University (Unesp) electrophoresis (SDS-page) Start: Dec 2002 Finish: Nov 2003 Process: 2002/07033-7 Modality: Post-doctorate 106

Phytochemical study of Pterogyne Grant holder: Cláudio Viegas Júnior 245 nitens (Leguminosae), synthesis and Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani pharmacological evaluation of natural Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / guandine alkaloids and of potential São Paulo State University (Unesp) antitumoral analogues Start: Nov 2003 Finish: Oct 2006 Process: 2003/00886-7 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Grant holder: Luís Octávio Regasini Sustainable use of Brazilian Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani 249 biodiversity: chemical-pharmacological Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / prospection in higher plants – São Paulo State University (Unesp) chemical study of Qualea Start: Apr 2003 Process: 2003/07809-8 Finish: Sep 2007 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Susel Taís Soares Tree species native to the Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas 246 Atlantic Rainforest bioaccumulators Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / of chemical elements São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: Nov 2003 Process: 2003/01075-2 Finish: Mar 2005 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Grant holder: Elvis Joacir de Franca Supervisor: Elisabete Aparecida de Nadai Fernandes Chemical-pharmacological prospection Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in 250 in higher plants: activity of Mouriri ssp. Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) on the gastrointestinal system Start: Oct 2003 Process: 2003/09748-6 Finish: Sep 2006 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Márcio Adriano Andreo Biosynthetic, proteomic and genomic Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas 247 study of the prenyltransferases Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Piper gaudichaudianum and São Paulo State University (Unesp) Piper crassinervium (Piperaceae) Start: Aug 2004 Finish: Jul 2007 Process: 2003/01867-6 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Grant holder: Adriana Aparecida Lopes Sustainable use of Brazilian Supervisor: Maysa Furlan 251 biodiversity: Chemical-pharmacological Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / prospection in higher plants – São Paulo State University (Unesp) Davilla elliptica St. Hill Start: Aug 2003 Process: 2003/10631-6 Finish: Mar 2008 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Daniel Rinaldo Planning, synthesis and pharmacological Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas 248 evaluation of new antiinflammatory Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / and acetylcholinesterase inhibiting São Paulo State University (Unesp) piperidinil derivatives Start: Jan 2004 Finish: Dec 2004 Process: 2003/05512-8 Modality: Post-doctorate 107

Search for antioxidant substances Start: Jul 2004 252 in Lippia salvifolia (Verbenaceae) Finish: Jun 2006

Process: 2003/11236-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: 256 Chemical-pharmacological prospection in Grant holder: Daniela Cristina Bonfim higher plants – Alchornea (Euphorbiaceae) Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani and Indigofera (Fabaceae) Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2004/03101-3 Start: Dec 2003 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Finish: Nov 2004 Grant holder: Tâmara Regina Calvo Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Phytochemical study and study of the São Paulo State University (Unesp) 253 antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory activity of the species Machaerium villosum vog. Start: Sep 2004 (Leguminosae-papilonoideae) Finish: Nov 2007

Process: 2003/11428-0 Modality: Masters Degree Chemical-pharmacological prospection in 257 higher plants: activity of Mangifera indica Grant holder: Camila Kise Higa linn. on the gastrointestinal system Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2004/03289-2 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Apr 2004 Grant holder: Juliana Aparecida Severi Finish: Mar 2006 Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Study of the effect of processing 254 on the composition of the anitoxidant Start: Jul 2004 constituents in tomatoes Finish: Dec 2004

Process: 2003/12669-0 Modality: Doctorate Isolation, structural elucidation 258 and biological activity of peptides of Grant holder: Juliana Julian Torres Gama Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae) Supervisor: Célia Maria de Sylos Institution: Araraquara School of Pharmaceutical Process: 2004/07061-6 Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Mar 2004 Grant holder: Mônica Sue Saito Finish: Jul 2008 Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Biosynthesis of the seco-lignans in 255 Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae) Start: Aug 2004 Finish: Jul 2006 Process: 2004/01018-1 Modality: Post-doctorate Isolation, structural elucidation Grant holder: Marisi Gomes Soares 259 and biological activity of peptides of Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) Institution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) 108

Process: 2004/07062-2 Bromeliads for biomonitoring of chemical Modality: Scientific Initiation 263 elements in the Atlantic Rainforest Grant holder: Wanessa Fernanda Altei Process: 2004/11027-8 Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Modality: Scientific Initiation Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Grant holder: Camila Elias Supervisor: Elisabete Aparecida de Nadai Fernandes Start: Aug 2004 Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Finish: Dec 2006 Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Cena/USP) Start: Dec 2004 Sustainable use of Brazilian Finish: Nov 2005 260 biodiversity: chemical pharmacological prospection in higher plants Peptides of Jatropha spp and of Process: 2004/07255-5 264 Palicourea marcgravii St. Hill. from Modality: Doctorate the Cerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest: prospection, isolation, structural Grant holder: Ana Lúcia Martiniano Nasser elucidation and biological activity Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2004/11982-0 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Sep 2004 Grant holder: Douglas Gatte Picchi Finish: Aug 2007 Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Study of the proteome with genomic 261 insertion of the 4-nerolidilcatecol in Start: Mar 2005 Potomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae) Finish: Feb 2007

Process: 2004/09547-3 Modality: Post-doctorate Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: 265 chemical-pharmacological evaluation of Grant holder: Débora Cristina Baldoqui Bérgamo higher plants – Guapira noxia Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2004/12967-4 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Feb 2005 Grant holder: Juliana Aparecida Severi Finish: Jan 2008 Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: 262 Chemical-pharmacological prospection in Start: Mar 2005 higher plants – Neea spp. (Nyctaginaceae) Finish: Feb 2007

Process: 2004/10736-5 Modality: Masters Degree Synthesis and biosynthesis of pyrrolidinic 266 amides – determination of the activity of Grant holder: Daniel Rinaldo the oxydoreductase of the p450 Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas cytochrome type in Piper arboreum Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2004/14421-9 Start: Mar 2005 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jan 2007 Grant holder: Juliana Pizarro Martins Gomes Supervisor: Maysa Furlan 109

Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Search for endophylic microorganisms São Paulo State University (Unesp) 270 and their natural bioactive products in Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. Start: Mar 2005 & Endl. (Asteraceae) Finish: Dec 2005 Process: 2005/56259-6 Modality: Post-doctorate Chemical study and study of the biological 267 activities of Eugenia jambolana (Myrtaceae) Grant holder: Margareth Borges Coutinho Gallo Supervisor: Mônica Tallarico Pupo Process: 2005/52930-5 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Modality: Masters Degree Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Carenina Vidotte Plaza Start: Feb 2006 Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva Finish: Jan 2008 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Synthesis of thioureas analagous Start: Aug 2005 271 to guandine alkaloids obtained from Finish: Jul 2007 Pterogyne nitens (Leguminosae) with potential antitumoral action Systematic evaluation of the phytochemical Process: 2005/56404-6 268 profile of extracts of Lychnophora as Modality: Scientific Initiation a routine method for the preliminary identification of several metabolites Grant holder: Murilo Massao Assonuma of substances by chromate Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2005/53877-0 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Nov 2005 Grant holder: Solange Leite de Moraes Finish: Sep 2006 Supervisor: Norberto Peporine Lopes Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Biochemical investigation of polar 272 secondary metabolites present in the Start: Oct 2005 leaves of Casearia sylvestris SW Finish: Sep 2007 Process: 2005/56500-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation Characterization of the 269 prenyltransferase of Piper Grant holder: Dieimes Uiliam Bedim aduncum (Piperaceae) Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2005/54134-1 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Dec 2005 Grant holder: Ana Cristina Leite Finish: Jun 2008 Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Phytochemical study of different 273 organs of Casearia silvestris Start: Oct 2005 Finish: Sep 2007 Process: 2005/58626-6 Modality: Scientific Initiation 110

Grant holder: Elisângela Simões de Carvalho Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro 277 Chemical-pharmacological prospection Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / in higher plants – methodology for the São Paulo State University (Unesp) establishment of qualitative and quantative profiles for vegetal extracts Start: Dec 2005 Finish: Nov 2006 Process: 2006/51453-1 Modality: Doctorate Synthesis and biosynthesis of piperidinyl Grant holder: Daniel Rinaldo 274 amides – determination of the activity of Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas the oxydoreductase enzyme of the p450 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / cytochrome type in Piper tuberculatum São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: Mar 2007 Process: 2005/58796-9 Finish: Feb 2010 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Fernando Cotinguiba da Silva Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Bioprospection in species Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 278 of Piperaceae São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/52363-6 Start: Mar 2006 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jun 2007 Grant holder: Juliana Beltrame Reigada Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato Sustainable use of Brazilian Institution: Institute of Chemistry / 275 biodiversity: chemical-pharmacological University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) evaluation of higher plants – Mouriri Start: Apr 2007 elliptica (Melastomataceae) Finish: 29/2/2008 Process: 2005/60835-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation Studies of the biosynthetic Grant holder: Flávia Saran Marini 279 paths of piperidine alkaloids Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas of Senna spectabilis Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/54948-1 Modality: Doctorate Start: Aug 2006 Finish: Jul 2008 Grant holder: Marcos Pivatto Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Characterization of prenyltransferase São Paulo State University (Unesp) 276 of Piper crassinervium and Start: Oct 2006 gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae) Finish: Feb 2009 Process: 2006/50086-5 Modality: Post-doctorate Chemical and antioxidant studies of two Grant holder: Sílvia Noeli Lopez 280 species of the Lippia genus native to Supervisor: Maysa Furlan the São Paulo Cerrado: L. salviaefolia Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / and L. velutina (Berbenaceae) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/55162-1 Start: Jul 2006 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Jun 2008 111

Grant holder: Cristiano Soleo de Funari Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva 284 chemical-pharmacological evaluation of Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / higher plants – Guapira spp. São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/57512-0 Start: Sep 2006 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2009 Grant holder: Juliana Aparecida Severi Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 281 chemical pharmacological prospection in São Paulo State University (Unesp) higher plants – Serjania (Sapindaceae) will Start: Mar 2007 Finish: Feb 2010 Process: 2006/56469-3 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Cláudia Joseph Nehme Chemical and biological study Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas 285 of natural cromenes in species of Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Piperaceae and their analogues São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/59555-8 Start: Feb 2007 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Jan 2008 Grant holder: João Marcos Batista Júnior Supervisor: Maysa Furlan Phytochemical study of the Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 282 antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of São Paulo State University (Unesp) Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. (Myrtaceae) Start: Mar 2007 Finish: Feb 2009 Process: 2006/57101-0 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Caroline Mariana Minucci Pereira Sustainable use of Brazilian Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva 286 biodiversity: chemical pharmacological Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / evaluation of higher plants: Indigofera São Paulo State University (Unesp) suffruticosa (Fabaceae) Start: Feb 2007 Process: 2006/60139-9 Finish: Jan 2008 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Adriana Cândido da Silva Moura Implantation of trials for triage on a Supervisor: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos 283 greater scale using a micro-circuit board Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / multidetection reader for analysis of São Paulo State University (Unesp) vegetal extracts and substances Start: Feb 2007 Finish: Dec 2007 Process: 2006/57114-4 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Patrícia Mendonça Pauletti Configurational analysis of styrylpyrones Supervisor: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva 287 of species of Cryptocarya (Lauraceae) Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2006/60150-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Jan 2007 Finish: Dec 2007 Grant holder: Rosilene Cristina Rossetto Burgos Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro 112

Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Biosynthetic study of secolignans in São Paulo State University (Unesp) 291 Peperomia glabella var. nervulosa Start: Mar 2007 Process: 2006/61586-9 Finish: Dec 2007 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Camila Alexandra Rodrigues Chromatographic profile of the metabolites Supervisor: Massuo Jorge Kato 288 of species of the Flacourtiaceae family: Institution: Institute of Chemistry / biomonitored phytochemcial study University of São Paulo (IQ/USP) Start: Aug 2007 Process: 2006/60151-9 Finish: Jul 2008 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro Sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity: Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / 292 chemical pharmacological prospection São Paulo State University (Unesp) in higher plants – development of chromatographic methodologies for Start: Mar 2007 establishment of qualitative and Finish: Feb 2010 quantitative profiles

Process: 2006/61772-7 Optimization and validation of method Modality: Post-doctorate 289 for the extraction and analysis of casearines of Casearia sylvestris, by clae Grant holder: Clenilson Martins Rodrigues Supervisor: Wagner Vilegas Process: 2006/60152-5 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Modality: Scientific Initiation São Paulo State University (Unesp) Grant holder: Giovanni César Coelho Bomfim Start: Apr 2007 Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro Finish: Mar 2009 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Application of mass spectrometry for Start: Mar 2007 293 the identification of inhibitors of HIV-1 Finish: 29/2/2008 proteases in plants of the Cerrado and Atlantic Rainforest: a modern enzymatic tool for the search for new agents Chemical study of Brosimum 290 glaziovii and Kielmeyera variabilis, Process: 2006/61795-7 inhibition of the formation in vitro of Modality: Post-doctorate b-hematin and analysis of the complexes formed between secondary Grant holder: Otávio Aparecido Flausino Júnior heme-metabolites via clae Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / Process: 2006/61187-7 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Modality: Doctorate Start: Apr 2007 Grant holder: Aline Coqueiro Finish: Mar 2009 Supervisor: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Biomonitored phytochemical 294 study of Casearia lasiophylla Start: Mar 2007 (Flacourtiaceae) Finish: Feb 2010 Process: 2007/50348-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation 113

Grant holder: Débora Alves de Senna Start: Jul 2002 Supervisor: Alberto José Cavalheiro Finish: Feb 2006 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) ZOOLOGY Start: Apr 2007 Finish: Mar 2008 Systematics, phylogeography, and evolution 298 of the chiropterans of east Brazil Sustainable use of Brazilian Process: 1999/02403-6 295 biodiversity: chemical-pharmacological Modality: Post-doctorate evaluation of higher plants Serjania grandiflora Cambess (Sapindaceae) Grant holder: Albert David Ditchfield Supervisor: Mario de Vivo Process: 2007/51048-2 Institution: Zoology Museum / Modality: Scientific Initiation University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Danielle Cristiane Baldo Start: Jul 1999 Supervisor: Cláudia Joseph Nehme Finish: May 2002 Institution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Faunistic study of Plecoptera (Insecta) Start: Aug 2007 299 from the Intervales State Park Finish: Jul 2008 Process: 1999/04369-0 Modality: Masters Degree FOREST RESOURCES AND FOREST ENGINEERING Grant holder: Valdelânia Ribeiro de Ribeiro Conservationist behavior and Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich 296 environmental legislation in the Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, maintenance of forest areas in the region Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) of Caucaia do Alto (Cotia, Ibiúna,SP) Start: Jul 1999 Finish: Jun 2001 Process: 2000/07722-1 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Anita Toledo Barros Diederichsen Diversity of edaphic and plant Supervisor: Jean Paul Walter Metzger 300 oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) Institution: Institute of Biosciences / in the State of São Paulo University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 1999/04478-3 Start: Sep 2000 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Aug 2002 Grant holder: Anibal Ramadan Oliveira Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Experimental cultivation of Macrobrachium Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / 297 potiuna (Muller, 1880) (Crustaceae, University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Decapoda, Palaemonidae) effect of the Start: Jan 2000 density of stocks in pens and net cages Finish: Dec 2003 Process: 2001/13765-8 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Mites associated with myrtle Grant holder: Fábio Kiyohara 301 (Myrtaceae) in areas of the Supervisor: Sérgio Luiz de Siqueira Bueno Cerrado in the State of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 1999/05189-5 Modality: Doctorate 114

Grant holder: Antônio Carlos Lofego Determination of the sex of individuals Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes 305 in the monitoring and study of the Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / dynamic of a population of wild University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) mammals through the dosage of metabolites of hormones in the faeces Start: Apr 2000 Finish: Mar 2004 Process: 1999/09473-0 Modality: Post-doctorate Wealth of ants (Hymenoptera: Grant holder: Elaine Augusto Alves Ribeiro 302 Formicidae) in forest areas of South Brazil Supervisor: Mario de Vivo and structure of leaf litter ant guilds Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 1999/06676-7 Start: Jan 2000 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Dec 2003 Grant holder: Rogério Rosa da Silva Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Biodiversity of spiders associated with University of São Paulo (USP) 306 mites in native plants of economic importance in the State of São Paulo Start: Aug 2000 Finish: Jul 2004 Process: 1999/10538-9 Modality: Scientific Initiation Diversity of mites (Acari, Arachnida) Grant holder: Beatriz do Prado Mendes 303 in native species of Euphorbiaceae Supervisor: Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi in the region of the State of São Paulo Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 1999/06898-0 Start: Jul 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jun 2001 Grant holder: Maria Andréia Nunes Supervisor: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Study of the fauna of dragonflies in the of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / 307 Jatai Ecological Station and its outskirts, São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) in the municipality of Luís Antônio, SP Start: Mar 2000 Process: 1999/11611-1 Finish: Dec 2000 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Patrícia Santos Ferreira Peruquetti Diversity of mites (Acari, Arachnida) in Supervisor: Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca Gessner 304 rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis muell. Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and arg., Euphorbiaceae) in the northwest Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) region of the State of São Paulo Start: Mar 2000 Finish: 29/2/2004 Process: 1999/06899-6 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Rodrigo Souza Santos Comparative study of the species of the Supervisor: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres 308 lemniscal mollusc Anodontites trapesialis Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute (Lamarck, 1819) and Diplodon rotundus of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / gratus (Wagner,1827) exposed to triazine São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) herbicides Start: Mar 2000 Process: 2000/00995-2 Finish: Dec 2000 Modality: Masters Degree 115

Grant holder: Analu Egydio Jacomini Aspects of the biology of a community Supervisor: Wagner Eustáquio Paiva Avelar 312 of river fish from the basin of the River Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Mogi-Guaçú, SP: diet, reproduction and Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) ecomorphology Start: May 2000 Process: 2000/01918-1 Finish: Apr 2002 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Katiane Mara Ferreira Diversity of soil mites in areas Supervisor: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro 309 of the State of São Paulo Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2000/01265-8 Start: Jul 2000 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Jun 2002 Grant holder: Andrea Cristina Pereira Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Biology and structure of three University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) 313 communities of fish from the Sete de Setembro tributary, Morro do Diabo Start: Jun 2000 State Park, Alto Rio Paraná basin, SP Finish: Dec 2000 Process: 2000/01919-8 Modality: Post-doctorate Butterflies as environmental 310 indicators: monitoring om Nymphalidae Grant holder: Lilian Casatti (Eurytelinae and Satyrinae) Supervisor: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Process: 2000/01484-1 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: May 2000 Grant holder: André Victor Lucci Freitas Finish: Jun 2002 Supervisor: Keith Spalding Brown Júnior Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Phylogenetic analysis of the Moenkhausia 314 elgenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Start: May 2000 Characidae) with the revision of the Finish: Sep 2004 taxons of the Alto Rio Paraná

Process: 2000/01920-6 Contribution to the knowledge Modality: Doctorate 311 of the Chironomus meigen genus, 1803 (Chironomidae-Diptera) Grant holder: Ricardo Cardoso Benine in the neotropical region Supervisor: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Process: 2000/01548-0 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Doctorate Start: May 2000 Grant holder: Leny Celia da Silva Correia Finish: Apr 2004 Supervisor: Susana Trivinho Strixino Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Diversity of Decapoda crustaceans 315 from the basin of the Ribeira Start: Jun 2000 de Iguape and adjacent coastal areas, Finish: 29/2/2004 State of São Paulo

Process: 2000/02119-5 Modality: Masters Degree 116

Grant holder: Sérgio Schwarz da Rocha Small terrestrial mammals Supervisor: Sérgio Luiz de Siqueira Bueno 319 of the Cerrado bioma: local and Institution: Institute of Biosciences / regional faunistic patterns University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2000/06642-4 Start: Jun 2000 Modality: Doctorate Finish: May 2002 Grant holder: Ana Paula Carmignotto Supervisor: Mario de Vivo Comparasion of the Isoptera (Insecta) Institution: Zoology Museum / University 316 fauna in two areas of the Atlantic of São Paulo (USP) Rainforest in the southeast of Bahia Start: Oct 2000 Finish: Sep 2004 Process: 2000/03160-9 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Yana Teixeira dos Reis Study of neotropical Sphecidae and Supervisor: Eliana Marques Cancello 320 neotropical Crabronidae (Hymenoptera): Institution: Museu de Zoologia / diversity and characterization of the University of São Paulo (USP) fauna of the Atlantic Rainforest Start: Sep 2000 Process: 2000/06802-1 Finish: Jul 2002 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Sérvio Túlio Pires Amarante Biodiversity and phylogenetics of the Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão 317 Cryptinae neotropicais (Hymenoptera: Institution: Zoology Museum / University Ichneumonidae) of São Paulo (USP) Start: Sep 2000 Process: 2000/05704-6 Finish: Jun 2004 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Alexandre Pires Aguiar Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão Marsupials (Didelphimorphia) Institution: Museu de Zoologia / 321 in the State of São Paulo: University of São Paulo (USP) distribution and morphology Start: Feb 2001 Process: 2000/07808-3 Finish: Jan 2004 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Talitha Monfort Pires Biology and systematics of Antillocladius Supervisor: Mario de Vivo 318 (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) Institution: Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2000/05903-9 Start: Oct 2000 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Sep 2001 Grant holder: Humberto Fonseca Mendes Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Systematics of mouse opossums Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 322 of the Marmosa and Marmosops (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidade) Start: Feb 2001 Finish: Jan 2003 Process: 2000/08261-8 Modality: Doctorate 117

Grant holder: Rogério Vieira Rossi Mollusca bivalvia (Veneroida) Supervisor: Mario de Vivo 326 of the southeast coast of Brazil Institution: Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2000/12240-6 Modality: Doctorate Start: Apr 2001 Finish: Mar 2005 Grant holder: Eliane Pintor de Arruda Moraes Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Diversity and abundance of planticule University (Unicamp) 323 mites in Myrtles (Myrtaceae) of the Start: Mar 2001 Cerrado in the State of São Paulo Finish: Oct 2004 Process: 2000/08799-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Chironomidae in streams in the forest Grant holder: Luiz Alexandre Simões de Castro 327 areas of the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Process: 2000/12483-6 University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Modality: Doctorate Start: Feb 2001 Grant holder: Fábio de Oliveira Roque Finish: Jan 2002 Supervisor: Susana Trivinho Strixino Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Aspects of the biology of Corbicula Start: Mar 2001 324 fluminea (Muller, 1774) (Corbiculidae) Finish: Feb 2005 in the Rio Sapucaí, State of São Paulo

Process: 2000/11622-2 Diversity and aspects of the biology of Modality: Scientific Initiation 328 two communities of fish of the Ribeirão Grant holder: Marina Peixoto Vianna Bonito, basin of the Alto Rio Paraná, SP Supervisor: Wagner Eustáquio Paiva Avelar Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Process: 2000/14030-9 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Sep 2001 Grant holder: Renata Stopiglia Finish: Aug 2002 Supervisor: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Survey and ecological aspects of mites Start: Mar 2001 325 (Acari, Arachnida) of agricultural Finish: Dec 2001 importance in Euphorbiaceae invaders of rubber trees in the northeast region of the State of São Paulo Survey of nymphs of 329 Ephemeroptera in streams in the Process: 2000/12179-5 Boracéia Biological Station Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Renato Buosi Process: 2001/00578-5 Supervisor: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres Modality: Scientific Initiation Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Grant holder: Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da Silva of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Start: Apr 2001 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Finish: Dec 2002 Start: Apr 2001 Finish: Dec 2001 118

Phylogeographical analysis Supervisor: Adílson Fransozo 330 of Astyanax altiparanea (Britski & Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / Garutti, 2000) (Characiformes, São Paulo State University (Unesp) Characidae) in the São Paulo portion Start: Apr 2001 of the basin of the Alto Paraná Finish: Mar 2003 Process: 2001/00780-9 Modality: Doctorate Contribution to the study Grant holder: Gabriela Zanon Pelicão Dardis 334 of the Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Supervisor: Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e Castro Ichneumonidae) of Brazil Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2001/07013-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Jun 2001 Finish: May 2005 Grant holder: Helena Carolina Onody Supervisor: Angélica Maria Penteado Martins Dias Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Semiterrestrial ostracode Health / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) 331 crustaceans in the Atlantic Rainforest Start: Dec 2001 of the State of São Paulo Finish: Nov 2002 Process: 2001/00870-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Study and identification of the Grant holder: Ricardo Lourenço Pinto 335 Hymenoptera: Aculeata of the Biota Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha Thematic Project Richness and Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera São Paulo (USP) along a latitudiunal gradient in the Atlantic Rainforest Start: Apr 2001 Finish: Dec 2001 Process: 2001/08060-5 Modality: Scientific Initiation Epibiosis em brachyuran crabs (Crustacea, Grant holder: Eduardo Fernando dos Santos 332 Decapoda) of the non-consolidated Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão sublittoral of the State of São Paulo Institution: Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2001/00886-1 Start: Jun 2002 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: May 2005 Grant holder: Tânia Márcia Costa Supervisor: Maria Lúcia Negreiros Fransozo Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / Faunistic patterns in the São Paulo State University (Unesp) 336 Atlantic Rainforest: the small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia, Chiroptera) Start: Sep 2001 Finish: 05/2/2003 Process: 2001/08602-2 Modality: Doctorate Ecological distribution populational Grant holder: Michel Miretzki 333 biology of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller Supervisor: Mario de Vivo 1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) Institution: Zoology Museum / University on the coast of the State of São Paulo of São Paulo (USP) Start: Oct 2001 Process: 2001/01722-2 Finish: Sep 2004 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Fulvio Aurélio de Morais Freire 119

Fauna associated to the phytal of the Ilha Influence of the hydrological cycle 337 dos Porcos Pequenos of the region of 340 on the phytophyl community Picinguaba, Ubatuba, north coast of the associated with Elchhornia azurea State of São Paulo: temporal comparsion in two marginal lakes in the floodplain temporal of the composition and abun- of the river Mogi-Guaçú (Ecological dance of the macro and meio fauna Station Jataí, Luís Antônio, SP)

Process: 2001/08859-3 Process: 2001/11055-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Ilana Daniella Araújo Lewinsohn Grant holder: Marlon Pelaez Rodriguez Supervisor: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite Supervisor: Susana Trivinho Strixino Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Institution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health University (Unicamp) / Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Start: Sep 2001 Start: May 2002 Finish: Dec 2002 Finish: Apr 2003

Fauna associated to the phytal of the Ilha Predatory mites in the State 338 dos Porcos Pequenos of the region of 341 of São Paulo with potential for use Picinguaba, Ubatuba, north coast of the in the control of soil pests State of São Paulo: identification of the species of peracarida (Crustacea) Process: 2001/11396-5 Modality: Masters Degree Process: 2001/08860-1 Grant holder: Renata Angélica Prado Freire Modality: Scientific Initiation Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Grant holder: Rebeca Miranda Santos Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Supervisor: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite Agriculture / University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Start: Sep 2002 University (Unicamp) Finish: 29/2/2004 Start: Sep 2001 Finish: Aug 2003 Taxonomy and biology of semiterrestrial 342 ostracodes in the State of São Paulo Fauna associated with the phytal of 339 the Ilha dos Porcos Pequenos of the Process: 2001/11675-1 region of Picinguaba, Ubatuba, north Modality: Masters Degree coast of the State of São Paulo: temporal Grant holder: Ricardo Lourenço Pinto comparsion of the composition and Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha abundance of the fauna of peracarids Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2001/08861-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Mar 2002 Finish: 29/2/2004 Grant holder: Cláudia Bottcher Supervisor: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State Reproductive study and influence University (Unicamp) 343 of different degrees of eutrophication Start: Sep 2001 in the life history of Scolelepis Finish: Dec 2002 squamata and Laeonereis acuta (Annelida: Polychaeta)

Process: 2001/13353-1 Modality: Doctorate 120

Grant holder: Fábio Sá Mac Cord Pantopoda on the north coast Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral 347 of the State of São Paulo Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp) Process: 2002/02433-7 Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: May 2002 Finish: Jul 2005 Grant holder: Elisa Palhares de Souza Supervisor: Cláudio Gonçalves Tiago Institution: Center for Marine Biology / Life cycle of Eucheilota maculata University of São Paulo (USP) 344 (Cnidaria, Hidrozoa), an epizoic species Start: Oct 2002 of Tivela mactroides (Mollusca, Bivalvia) Finish: Sep 2003 Process: 2001/14359-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Community of mites (Acari: Arachnida) Grant holder: Alice Cristina Mondin 348 in rubber tree plantation (Hevea Supervisor: Álvaro Esteves Migotto brasiliensis, Euphorbiaceae) planted Institution: Center for Marine Biology / in isolation and alongside gariroba University of São Paulo (USP) (Syagrus oleracea, Arecaceae) Start: Apr 2002 Process: 2002/03732-8 Finish: Dec 2002 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Marcos Roberto Bellini The influence of domestic sewage on Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes 345 the population of molluscs in a stretch Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of the river Pardo, municipality of of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Start: Mar 2003 Process: 2001/14580-1 Finish: 29/2/2004 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Erika Junqueira da Fonseca Supervisor: Wagner Eustáquio Paiva Avelar Polychaete annelids of the Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, 349 south-southeast region of Brazil: Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) i. study of the systematics of the Phyllodocida. ii. identification manual Start: May 2002 Finish: Dec 2002 Process: 2002/04104-0 Modality: Post-doctorate Ecological distribution and populational Grant holder: Alexandra Elaine Rizzo 346 biology of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral 1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State on the coast of the State of São Paulo University (Unicamp) Start: Oct 2002 Process: 2002/02274-6 Finish: Sep 2006 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Grant holder: Fulvio Aurélio de Morais Freire Supervisor: Adílson Fransozo Molecular systematics of the Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / 350 Paguroidea (Crustacea, Decapoda, São Paulo State University (Unesp) Anomura) of the São Paulo coast, based on mitochondrial DNA Start: Apr 2003 Finish: May 2005 Process: 2002/04708-3 Modality: Post-doctorate 121

Grant holder: Paulo Ricardo Nucci Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Supervisor: Gustavo Augusto Schmidt de Melo 354 species of the genus Lycosa latreille, Institution: Zoology Museum / 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2002/11275-6 Start: Sep 2002 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Aug 2006 Grant holder: Eder Sandro Soares Alvares Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Taxonomy and distribution of Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry 351 benthic cyclopoid copepods on the of State of Health (SES-SP) north coast of the State of São Paulo Start: Apr 2003 Finish: Oct 2004 Process: 2002/07024-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Rogério Marcondes de Souza Júnior Cladistic analysis of the genuses of Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha 355 Sparassidae Bertkau (Arachnida, Araneae) Institution: Institute of Biosciences / with emphasis on neotropical genuses University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2002/11277-9 Start: Aug 2002 Modality: Doctorate Finish: Jul 2003 Grant holder: Cristina Anne Rheims Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Taxonomic survey of polychaeta sabellids Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry 352 (Poliquetas: Sabellidae) collected for the of State of Health (SES-SP) Biota-FAPESP thematic projects bentos Start: Sep 2003 marinho and revizee/score sul Finish: Dec 2006 Process: 2002/08950-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Survey and ecological aspects of Grant holder: Maira Cappellani Silva Rossi 356 mites (Acari, Arachnida) of agricultural Supervisor: João Miguel de Matos Nogueira importance in Euphorbiaceae native Institution: Institute of Biosciences / to the semideciduous Forest, in the University of São Paulo (USP) north region of the State of São Paulo Start: Aug 2003 Process: 2002/12086-2 Finish: Dec 2004 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Renato Buosi Taxonomic survey of polychaeta sabellids Supervisor: Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres 353 (Poliquetas: Sabellidae) collected for the Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute Biota-FAPESP thematic projects bentos of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / marinho and revizee/score sul São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Start: Apr 2003 Process: 2002/08951-0 Finish: Dec 2004 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Adriano Abbud Supervisor: João Miguel de Matos Nogueira Study of the genus Cylindrotermes Institution: Institute of Biosciences / 357 Holmgren (Isoptera, Termitidae, University of São Paulo (USP) Termitinae) Start: Aug 2003 Process: 2002/13009-1 Finish: Jul 2004 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Maurício Martins da Rocha 122

Supervisor: Eliana Marques Cancello Process: 2003/09159-0 Institution: Zoology Museum / Modality: Research abroad University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Maria Lúcia Negreiros Fransozo Start: Feb 2003 Institution: Botucatu Institute of Biosciences / Finish: Dec 2003 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: 06/4/2004 Finish: 05/9/2004 Fauna of Siphonostomatoida associates 358 with invertebrates of the São Paulo coast: a taxonomic and ontogenetic study Interactions between spiders (Araneae) 362 and pest athropods (Acari and Process: 2003/00390-1 Heteroptera) in commercial cultivations of Modality: Post-doctorate rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Grant holder: Rodrigo Johnsson Tavares da Silva the northeast of the State of São Paulo Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Process: 2003/09602-1 University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: May 2003 Grant holder: Paulo Eduardo Bedin Ferrari Filho Finish: 23/3/2004 Supervisor: Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Revision of the Gasteruptiidae family São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) 359 (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) in the Start: Mar 2004 neotropical region Finish: Feb 2006 Process: 2003/00738-8 Modality: Doctorate Communities of fish and biotic Grant holder: Antônio Carlos Cruz Macedo 363 integrity of the strewam of clean water, Supervisor: Carlos Roberto Ferreira Brandão basin of the rio São José dos Dourados, Institution: Zoology Museum / SP, in the pre-recuperation phase University of São Paulo (USP) of the riparian forest Start: Jun 2003 Process: 2003/09612-7 Finish: May 2007 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Cristiane de Paula Ferreira Benthic harpacticoid copepods of the Supervisor: Lilian Casatti 360 non-consolidated sublittoral of the north Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute coast of the State of São Paulo of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Process: 2003/03822-0 Start: Mar 2004 Modality: Post-doctorate Finish: Feb 2006 Grant holder: Terue Cristina Kihara Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha Institution: Institute of Biosciences / Revision of Orthognathotermes Holmgren University of São Paulo (USP) 364 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) Start: Jan 2004 Process: 2003/09697-2 Finish: Dec 2005 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Maurício Martins da Rocha Marine crustacean decapods (formas Supervisor: Eliana Marques Cancello 361 benthic and planktonic) of the areas Institution: Zoology Museum / of Charleston bump e Blake plateau University of São Paulo (USP) 123

Start: Mar 2004 Process: 2003/13510-5 Finish: Feb 2006 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Grant holder: Ricardo Lourenço Pinto Supervisor: Carlos Eduardo Falavigna da Rocha Systematic taxonomy and evolution of Institution: Institute of Biosciences / 365 Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: University of São Paulo (USP) Brachycephalidae) Start: Mar 2004 Process: 2003/12396-4 Finish: Nov 2006 Modality: Post-doctorate Grant holder: Ana Cláudia Reis Alves Evolution of the behavior Supervisor: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad 369 in the spitting spider (Scytodes spp., Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / Araneae, Scytodidae) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Start: May 2004 Process: 2004/00296-8 Finish: Apr 2006 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Fábio de Andrade Machado Supervisor: Hilton Ferreira Japyassu Food of Knodus moenkhausii (Pisces, Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry 366 Ostariophysi, Characidae), an of State of Health (SES-SP) allochtonous species in streams of the northwest of the State of São Paulo Start: Jun 2004 Finish: May 2005 Process: 2003/12893-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Genetic and phenotypic Grant holder: Mônica Ceneviva Bastos 370 variability of two species of Supervisor: Lilian Casatti open area netropical anurans Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / Process: 2004/00709-0 São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Modality: Post-doctorate Start: Mar 2004 Grant holder: Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Prado Finish: Dec 2004 Supervisor: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Predatory mites in the State 367 of São Paulo with potential for use Start: May 2004 in the control of soil pests Finish: Sep 2007

Process: 2003/13335-9 Modality: Fast-track Doctorate Survey of the herpetofauna 371 in a locality of Atlantic Rainforest: Grant holder: Renata Angélica Prado Freire the State Park of Jacupiranga (SP) Supervisor: Gilberto José de Moraes Institution: Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / Process: 2004/10714-1 University of São Paulo (Esalq/USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Mar 2004 Grant holder: Eleonora Aguiar Finish: Feb 2007 Supervisor: Hussam El Dine Zaher Institution: Zoology Museum / University of São Paulo (USP) Taxonomy and biology 368 of semiterrestrial ostracodes Start: Mar 2005 in the State of São Paulo Finish: 13/6/2006 124

Taxonomic description, natural history Modality: Scientific Initiation 372 and populational ecology of a new Grant holder: Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro species of hypsiboas in the Serra of Supervisor: Max Cardoso Langer Paranapiacaba, south of the State of Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, São Paulo (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2004/10974-3 Start: May 2005 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Dec 2005 Grant holder: André Pinassi Antunes Supervisor: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Larval development of a Dorvilleidae Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / 376 (Annelida: Polychaeta) abundant in the São Paulo State University (Unesp) southeast region of the State of São Paulo Start: Mar 2005 Finish: Feb 2007 Process: 2005/50626-7 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Paula Guilherme Ribeiro The osteology of the waist and pectoral Supervisor: Antônia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral 373 members of Saturnalia tupiniquim Institution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State (Dinosauria, Saurischia) and its phylogenetic University (Unicamp) and paleobiological importance Start: Jul 2005 Process: 2004/11205-3 Finish: Dec 2006 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Marco Aurélio Gallo de França Spatial Distribution of Leptohyphidae Supervisor: Max Cardoso Langer 377 nymphs (Ephemeroptera) in small and Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, medium sized streams in the Campos do Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Jordão State Park, São Paulo Start: Apr 2005 Finish: Mar 2007 Process: 2005/51559-1 Modality: Scientific Initiation Grant holder: Amanda Lucas Gimeno Biology of Knodus moenkhausii Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich 374 (Teleostei, Characidae) in streams Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, in the Alto Paraná: food, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) occurrence and reproduction Start: Jul 2005 Process: 2004/12214-6 Finish: Feb 2006 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Mônica Ceneviva Bastos Morphological description and taxonomic Supervisor: Lilian Casatti 378 positioning of a crocodyliform of the Institution: São José do Rio Preto Institute upper cretaceous of the Bauru basin, of Biosciences, Arts and Exact Sciences / region of General Salgado, SP São Paulo State University (Ibilce/Unesp) Start: Mar 2005 Process: 2005/52411-8 Finish: Feb 2007 Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Paulo Miranda Nascimento Supervisor: Hussam El Dine Zaher Anatomical description of the Institution: Zoology Museum / 375 Mariliasuchus amarali University of São Paulo (USP) (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) Start: Aug 2005 Process: 2005/50161-4 Finish: Jul 2007 125

Taxonomic revision of Diplosmittia Grant holder: Pamela Costa Adorno da Silva 379 Saether, 1981 (Diptera: Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2005/53026-0 Start: Nov 2005 Modality: Masters Degree Finish: Oct 2006 Grant holder: Luiz Carlos de Pinho Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Revision and analysis filogenética Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 383 of Melosymmerus (Diptera, Bibionomorpha, Ditomyiidae) Start: Mar 2006 Finish: 29/2/2008 Process: 2005/56185-2 Modality: Masters Degree Taxonomic study of Farrodes Peters, Grant holder: Rafaela Lopes Falaschi 380 1971 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Atalophlebiinae) in the State of São Paulo Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process: 2005/53874-1 Start: Mar 2006 Modality: Doctorate Finish: 29/2/2008 Grant holder: Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da Silva Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Spatial Distribution of communities Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) 384 Ephemeroptera Haeckel, 1896 (Insecta) in streams of the Serra da Start: Apr 2006 Mantiqueira and of the Serra do Mar, Finish: Sep 2008 State of São Paulo

Process: 2005/59778-4 Identification and distribution Modality: Doctorate 381 of Mycetophilidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) in the Atlantic Grant holder: Ana Emília Siegloch Rainforest, collected in malaise traps Supervisor: Cláudio Gilberto Froehlich Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Process: 2005/56180-0 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Scientific Initiation Start: Jul 2006 Grant holder: Sarah Siqueira de Oliveira Finish: Feb 2009 Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Patterns of distribution of the species 385 of Drosophilidae (Diptera, Schizophora) Start: Nov 2005 throughout the Atlantic Rainforest Finish: Oct 2006 Process: 2005/60434-8 Modality: Scientific Initiation Identification and distribution 382 of Limoniidae (Diptera, Tipulomorpha) Grant holder: Raphael Felipe Lala de Souza in the Atlantic Rainforest, collected Supervisor: Vera Cristina Silva in malaise traps Institution: Assis School of Arts and Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp) Process: 2005/56181-7 Start: May 2006 Modality: Scientific Initiation Finish: Dec 2006 126

Patterns of distribution of the species Revision taxonomic and cladistic analysis 386 of Lauxaniidae (Diptera, Schizophora) 390 of the genus Homoeomma Ausserer, throughout Atlantic Rainforest 1871 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Process: 2005/60435-4 Process: 2006/53070-2 Modality: Scientific Initiation Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Juliana Inoue Grant holder: Flávio Uemori Yamamoto Supervisor: Vera Cristina Silva Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Institution: Assis School of Arts and Sciences / Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry São Paulo State University (Unesp) of State of Health (SES-SP) Start: May 2006 Start: Sep 2006 Finish: Dec 2006 Finish: Jun 2008

Revision and cladistic analysis of Cladistic analysis of Dendryphantinae 387 the genus Goeldia Keyserling, 1891 391 (Araneae: Salticidae) (Araneae: Titanoecidae) Process: 2006/55226-0 Process: 2006/05453-0 Modality: Doctorate Modality: Masters Degree Grant holder: Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches Ruiz Grant holder: Lina Maria Almeida Silva Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry of State of Health (SES-SP) of State of Health (SES-SP) Start: Sep 2006 Start: Apr 2007 Finish: Mar 2009 Finish: Oct 2008

Cladistic analysis of the spiders Relational database in the 392 of the Cteninae subfamily and revision 388 palaeontolgical context of the genus Celaetycheus Simon (Areneae: Ctenidae) Process: 2006/51655-3 Modality: Scientific Initiation Process: 2006/55230-7 Modality: Doctorate Grant holder: Mariana Galera Soler Supervisor: Max Cardoso Langer Grant holder: Daniele Polotow Geraldo Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Aug 2006 Finish: Dec 2007 Start: Oct 2006 Finish: Sep 2009

Cladistic analysis of the genus of Lycosinae 389 (Arachmida, Aranae, Lycosidae) Comparative study of the taxocenosis 393 of anurans in three municipalities of the Process: 2006/52806-5 São Paulo Lagamar (lagoon stretches) Modality: Doctorate Process: 2006/55482-6 Grant holder: Eder Sandro Soares Alvares Modality: Doctorate Supervisor: Antônio Domingos Brescovit Institution: Butantan Institute / Ministry Grant holder: Juliana Zina Pereira Ramos of State of Health (SES-SP) Supervisor: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Institution: Rio Claro Institute of Biosciences / Start: Sep 2006 São Paulo State University (Unesp) Finish: Mar 2009 127

Start: Sep 2006 Grant holder: Guilherme Cunha Ribeiro Finish: Aug 2009 Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Revision and phylogenetic analysis Start: May 2007 394 of Dziedzickia johannsen (Diptera, Finish: Apr 2009 Bibionomorpha, Mycetophilidae)

Process: 2006/58085-8 Artificial production of queens in Modality: Masters Degree 398 tetragonisca Angustula latreille Grant holder: Sarah Siqueira de Oliveira Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Process: 2007/51055-9 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Modality: Scientific Initiation Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Mauro Prato Start: Mar 2007 Supervisor: Ademilson Espencer Egea Soares Finish: Feb 2009 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Apr 2007 Revision and phylogenetic analysis Finish: Dec 2007 395 of the genus Lyroneurus Loew, 1857 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Diaphorinae) Analysis of the longitudinal variation Process: 2006/58086-4 399 of the axial skeleton in serpents Modality: Masters Degree (Squamata) using tools of geometric Grant holder: Renato Soares Capellari mophometry geométrica Supervisor: Dalton de Souza Amorim Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Process: 2007/52144-5 Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Modality: Masters Degree Start: Mar 2007 Grant holder: Fábio de Andrade Machado Finish: Feb 2009 Supervisor: Hussam El Dine Zaher Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Micro remains of vertebrates of the region Start: Sep 2007 396 of Ibirá, northwest of the State of São Finish: Aug 2009 Paulo (Bauru group, upper cretaceous)

Process: 2006/61130-5 Morphological analysis of the mandibular Modality: Scientific Initiation 400 symphysis in the clado Squamata Grant holder: Carolina Rettondini Laurini Supervisor: Max Cardoso Langer Process: 2007/52222-6 Institution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Modality: Masters Degree Arts and Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Grant holder: Marcelo Garrone Esteves Start: Apr 2007 Supervisor: Hussam El Dine Zaher Finish: Dec 2007 Institution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Start: Sep 2007 Phylogenetics of Tipulomorpha and Finish: Aug 2009 397 establishment of a reference collction for neotropical fauna, with emphasis on the Atlantic Rainforest

Process: 2007/50696-0 Modality: Post-doctorate

Ouratea sp. (Ochnaceae)

Selections of reports Pesquisa FAPESP magazine

EDITORIAL PRODUCTION

Coordenation FAPESP Communications Office Executive producer Maria da Graça Mascarenhas Translation John Lyons Translation of reports – Pesquisa FAPESP Deborah Neale Roger Skipp

Revision of reports – Pesquisa FAPESP John Lyons

Graphic design, cover and illustrations Hélio de Almeida Graphic typesetting and art edition Tatiane Britto Costa Cover photo Palê Zuppani/Pulsar Imagens Photos V. Bittrich, 17, 129 Eduardo Cesar, 41, 47, 69

Reports – Pesquisa FAPESP magazine Graphic typesetting Júlia Cherem Rodrigues Colaboration Luiz Fernando Cunha Rosaly Favero Krzyzanowski, Ana Luiza A. R. Sanches, Fabiana Pereira Andrade, Inês Maria de Morais Imperatriz e Thais Fernandes de Morais – Centro de Documentação e Informação (CDi) da FAPESP Printed by Prol Editora Gráfica Ltda.