DOCSLIB.ORG

Atowards a PHYLOGENY of ENTELEGYNE SPIDERS (ARANEAE, ARANEOMORPHAE, ENTELEGYNAE)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atowards a PHYLOGENY of ENTELEGYNE SPIDERS (ARANEAE, ARANEOMORPHAE, ENTELEGYNAE) 1999. The Journal of Arachnology 27:53±63 aTOWARDS A PHYLOGENY OF ENTELEGYNE SPIDERS (ARANEAE, ARANEOMORPHAE, ENTELEGYNAE) Charles E. Griswold1, Jonathan A. Coddington2, Norman I. Platnick3 and Raymond R. Forster4: 1Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118 USA; 2Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, NHB-105, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA; 3Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024 USA; 4McMasters Road, R.D. 1, Saddle Hill, Dunedin, New Zealand ABSTRACT. We propose a phylogeny for all entelegyne families with cribellate members based on a matrix of 137 characters scored for 43 exemplar taxa and analyzed under parsimony. The cladogram con®rms the monophyly of Neocribellatae, Araneoclada, Entelegynae, and Orbiculariae. Lycosoidea, Amaurobiidae and some included subfamilies, Dictynoidea, and Amaurobioidea (sensu Forster & Wilton 1973) are polyphyletic. Phyxelidinae Lehtinen is raised to family level (Phyxelididae, NEW RANK). The family Zorocratidae Dahl 1913 is revalidated. A group including all entelegynes other than Eresoidea is weakly supported as the sister group of Orbiculariae. The true spiders or Araneomorphae (ara- Raven (1985) and Goloboff (1993a) for My- neae verae of Simon 1892) comprise more galomorphae (15 families); Coddington (1986, than 30,000 described species. The classi®- 1990a, b) for Orbiculariae (13 families) and cation of this group has undergone a revolu- Entelegynae; Platnick et al. (1991) on haplo- tion in the last 30 years, sparked by Lehtinen's gynes (17 families) and Araneomorphae; Gris- (1967) comprehensive reassessment of ara- wold et al. (1994, 1998) for Araneoidea (12 neomorph relationships and steered by Hen- families), and Griswold (1993) for Lycosoidea nig's phylogenetic systematics (Hennig 1966; and related families (11 families). Platnick & Gertsch 1976). Spider classi®ca- The latter studies targeted large but rela- tion, portrayed by some authors as chaotic tively well-de®ned lineages. It is now feasible (Head 1995; Elgar et al. 1990; Vollrath & to probe how these large lineages are related. Parker 1997: Prenter et al. 1997) is actually We chose exemplars from all cribellate fami- one of the better-understood megadiverse or- lies, reasoning that taxa retaining this plesiom- ders (Coddington & Levi 1991): including the orphic feature are more likely to straddle the results reported here, 100 of the 108 currently basal nodes of the phylogeny of higher groups recognized families (93%) have been placed than are their relatives that have lost the cri- cladistically, that is, in a higher taxon based bellum: therefore they are most likely to re- on evidence assessed phylogenetically. New ¯ect phylogenetic groundplans. Although character systems compared across worldwide phylogenetically ancient, the cribellum is a samples of taxa have led to many new and complex feature unlikely to have evolved thought-provoking hypotheses in araneo- more than once. Most major araneomorph morph phylogeny. The strongest test of such clades have cribellate members (exceptions hypotheses is how simply they can account for are Palpimanoidea and Dionycha). A phylog- the available data, i.e., most parsimonious eny of these basal taxa should mirror the re- cladograms based on matrices of taxa by char- lationships of the large clades they exemplify. acters. Tests speci®cally designed at the fam- As Lehtinen (1967: 202) declared, ``because ily level and above are increasingly common: of the central position of the Cribellate groups in Araneomorphae, a detailed revision of them aPresented as part of a symposium on ``Higher is a short cut to a rough classi®cation of the Level Phylogenetics of Spiders.'' whole suborder.'' 53 54 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY A parsimonious cladogram based on an ex- We omitted Gradungulidae because the cri- plicit taxon-character matrix is concise, logi- bellate genera are extremely rare in collections cal, and testable. Our analysis tests many su- and its placement in Austrochiloidea seems prafamilial hypotheses of the last 30 years and ®rm (Forster, Platnick & Gray 1987; Platnick is the ®rst attempt to relate them using quan- et al. 1991). Voucher specimens for exemplars titative phylogenetic techniques: Amaurobioi- are deposited in the California Academy of dea (sensu Forster & Wilton 1973), Amauro- Sciences (CAS) with the exception of Vytfutia biidae and included subfamilies (sensu (Deeleman coll.) and male Raecius (NHMV). Lehtinen 1967), Dictynoidea and Desidae Character data taken from the literature in- (sensu Forster 1970), Entelegynae (sensu clude the suite of classical characters from Coddington 1990b; Coddington & Levi 1991), spider internal anatomy (characters 43±49: Lycosoidea (Homann 1971; sensu Griswold Platnick 1977; ex Millot 1931, 1933, 1936; 1993); Orbiculariae (sensu Coddington 1986, Marples 1968 [these have been recorded for 1990a, b); and the 'RTA clade' (sensu Cod- hypochiloids, austrochiloids, and such a wide dington & Levi 1991). variety of haplogyne and entelegyne Araneo- clada that we are con®dent that the assumed TAXA AND CHARACTERS states for entelegyne exemplars in Table 1 are Table 1 comprises 43 exemplars from 21 of justi®able]) and character 114, presence/ab- the 22 araneomorph families with cribellate sence of the muscle M29 in the male palp (as- members. As outgroups we included HYPO- sumed for all taxa in Table 1 following Huber CHILIDAE (Hypochilus), AUSTROCHILI- 1994). Silk ultrastructure data are taken from DAE (Hickmania and Thaida), and FILIS- Eberhard & Pereira (1993) and from unpub- TATIDAE (Filistata and Kukulcania, lished observations (R. Carlson in lit.). Filistatinae). From eresoids, we included Characters, character states, and codings are OECOBIIDAE (Oecobius and Uroctea) and listed in Table 1. Some features are most suc- ERESIDAE (Eresus and Stegodyphus). From cinctly described by reference to a taxon for Orbiculariae we included DEINOPIDAE which they are typical, e.g, 'dictynid conduc- (Deinopis and Menneus), ULOBORIDAE tor.' For ®gures of entelegyne genitalia see es- (Octonoba and Uloborus) and an araneoid pecially Lehtinen (1967), Coddington (1990a) groundplan. Recent phylogenetic study of this and Griswold (1993); for features of spinner- superfamily (Griswold et al. 1998) gives us ets see especially Platnick et al. (1991) and con®dence that the reconstructed groundplan Griswold et al. (1998). Character evolution is accurately re¯ects the primitive conditions for summarized on the cladogram (Fig. 1) opti- Araneoidea. From ``dictynoids'' we included mized via Clados (Nixon 1992) and MacClade DICTYNIDAE (Dictyna and Nigma, Lathys, (Maddison & Maddison 1992). and Tricholathys representing Dictyninae, Ci- curinae, and Tricholathysinae, respectively), METHODS AND ANALYSIS DESIDAE (Badumna candida, B. longinquua, Spigot classi®cation follows Coddington and Matachia, formerly Matachiinae), and NI- (1989); all specimens were critical point dried CODAMIDAE (Megadictyna). From ``amau- before scanning electron microscope (SEM) robioids'' we included AMAUROBIIDAE examination of spinning organs. Behavioral (Amaurobius and Callobius (Amaurobiinae), observations were made on living animals in Metaltella (Metaltellinae), Retiro and Pimus the ®eld or lab. (Macrobuninae), Phyxelida, Vytfutia, and Xe- The matrix (all characters unordered and vioso (Phyxelidinae)), AMPHINECTIDAE equally weighted) was analyzed with three (Maniho), NEOLANIDAE (Neolana), AGE- phylogenetic packages: Nona 1.6 (Goloboff LENIDAE (Neoramia), and TITANOECI- 1993b), Hennig86 1.5 (Farris 1988), and Pee- DAE (Goeldia and Titanoeca). From lyco- Wee 2.6 (Goloboff 1997), using a wide variety soids and related groups we included of randomized and directed search strategies. CTENIDAE (Acanthoctenus), MITURGIDAE Nona (using both `amb 5' and `amb-' options (Raecius and Uduba, Uliodoninae), PSE- for clade support) and Hennig86 found the CHRIDAE (Psechrus), STIPHIDIIDAE same three topologies, including Fig. 1 (length (Baiami and Stiphidion); TENGELLIDAE 376, ci 0.43, ri 0.69). The two alternate to- (Tengella), and ZOROPSIDAE (Zoropsis). pologies involved local rearrangements of Ni- GRISWOLD ET AL.ÐENTELEGYNE SPIDER PHYLOGENY 55 codamidae and Eresoidea. The strict consen- ber of additional steps required in the shortest sus has one 4-tomy at the entelegyne node, trees for which that node collapses. The fol- otherwise identical to Fig. 1. lowing Bremer Support values were found We used successive and implied weighting for the clades on Fig. 1: Austrochiloidea (5), (Carpenter 1988; Goloboff 1993c) to further Araneoclada (1), Entelegynae (1), Haplogy- evaluate the data. Successive weighting in nae (8), Eresoidea (1), Stegodyphus-Eresus Nona (length 16,346, ci 0.63, ri 0.80) pre- (8), Uroctea-Oecobius (4), Canoe Tapetum ferred Fig. 1. Successive weighting in Hen- Clade (0), Orbiculariae (2), Deinopis-Octo- nig86 (length 1127, ci 0.79, ri 0.88) found Fig. noba (3), Deinopis-Menneus (4), Uloborus- 1 as well as two other trees one step longer. Octonoba (5), Megadictyna-Zoropsis (0), Di- Pee-Wee at concavity functions of 3 and 4 (®ts vided Cribellum Clade (1), Titanoecoids (1), 962.6 and 1009.0, length 378) found one tree Titanoeca-Goeldia (2), Vytfutia-Phyxelida in which Retiro and Pimus swapped places, (2), Xevioso-Phyxelida (2), RTA Clade (1), otherwise identical to Fig. 1. Concavity 5 (®t Dictynidae (2), Tricholathys-Nigma
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE SPIDER FAMILIES of EUROPE: Keys, Diagnoses and Diversity DIE
    BEITR. ARANEOL., 8 (2012) THE SPIDER FAMILIES OF EUROPE: keys, diagnoses and diversity A bilingual manual, 192 pp., 165 drawings, linked to 450 coloured photos in a separate volume DIE SPINNEN-FAMILIEN EUROPAS: Bestimmung, Merkmale und Vielfalt Ein zweisprachiges Handbuch, 192 Seiten, 165 Zeichnungen, verbunden mit 450 Farbfotos in einem gesonderten Band Joerg Wunderlich (ed.) BEITR. ARANEOL., 8 (2012) Photos on the front cover / Fotos auf dem Buchdeckel: On the left: Frontal aspect of a Jumping Spider (Salticidae) in Eocene Baltic amber. Note the huge anterior median eyes. Links: Eine Springspinne in Baltischem Bernstein, Vorderansicht. Man beachte die sehr großen, scheinwerferartig nach vorn gerichteten vorderen Mittelaugen. On the right: A male sparassid spider of Eusparassus dufouri SIMON on sand, Portugal. Note the laterigrade leg position of this very large spider, which legs spun seven cms. Rechts: Männliche Riesenkrabbenspinne (Sparassidae) (Eusparassus dufouri) auf Sand, Portugal. Man beachte die zur Seite gerichteten Beine dieser sehr großen Spinne mit einer Spannweite der Vorderbeine von sieben Zentimetern. 1 2 BEITR. ARANEOL., 8 (2012) THE SPIDER FAMILIES OF EUROPE: keys, diagnoses and diversity A bilingual manual, 192 pp., 165 drawings, linked to 450 coloured photos in a separate volume DIE SPINNEN-FAMILIEN EUROPAS: Bestimmung, Merkmale und Vielfalt Ein zweisprachiges Handbuch, 192 Seiten, 165 Zeichnungen, verbunden mit 450 Farbfotos in einem gesonderten Band Editor and author: JOERG WUNDERLICH © Publishing House: Joerg Wunderlich, 69493 Hirschberg, Germany Print: M + M Druck GmbH, Heidelberg. Orders for this and other volume(s) of the Beitr. Araneol. (see p. 192): Publishing House Joerg Wunderlich Oberer Haeuselbergweg 24 69493 Hirschberg Germany E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-3-931473-14-2 3 BEITR.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescriptions of Nuisiana Arboris (Marples 1959) and Cambridgea Reinga Forster & Wilton 1973 (Araneae: Desidae, Stiphidiidae)
    Zootaxa 2739: 41–50 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Reuniting males and females: redescriptions of Nuisiana arboris (Marples 1959) and Cambridgea reinga Forster & Wilton 1973 (Araneae: Desidae, Stiphidiidae) COR J. VINK1,2,5, BRIAN M. FITZGERALD3, PHIL J. SIRVID3 & NADINE DUPÉRRÉ4 1Biosecurity Group, AgResearch, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] 2Entomology Research Museum, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand. 3Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 4Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York New York 10024, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 5Corresponding author Abstract Two New Zealand endemic spider species, Nuisiana arboris (Marples 1959) (Desidae) and Cambridgea reinga Forster & Wilton 1973 (Stiphidiidae), are redescribed, including notes on their distribution and DNA sequences from the mitochon- drial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. Based on morphological evidence and mitochondrial DNA sequences, Mata- chia magna Forster 1970 is a junior synonym of Nuisiana arboris, and Nanocambridgea grandis Blest & Vink 2000 is a junior synonym of Cambridgea reinga. Two forms of male morph in C. reinga are recorded. Key words: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), DNA, Matachia, new synonymy, New Zealand, Nanocambridgea Introduction New Zealand’s spider fauna is diverse with an estimated 1990 species, of which 93% are endemic (Paquin et al. 2010). Most of the 1126 named species were described during the last 60 years and about 60% were described by one man, Ray Forster (Patrick et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315966802 Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil Article in Florida Entomologist · March 2017 DOI: 10.1653/024.100.0119 CITATION READS 1 49 3 authors: Luan Alberto Odorizzi Santos Natalia Naranjo Guevara Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba University of São Paulo 12 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS 6 PUBLICATIONS 7 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Odair Aparecido Fernandes São Paulo State University 96 PUBLICATIONS 587 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Foraging strategies of earwigs View project Population dynamics and spatial distribution of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host, the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Homoptera: Aphididae): Studies for the development of an augmentation program View project All content following this page was uploaded by Natalia Naranjo Guevara on 17 July 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Diversity and Abundance of Edaphic Arthropods Associated with Conventional and Organic Sugarcane Crops in Brazil Author(s): Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos Santos, Natalia Naranjo-Guevara and Odair Aparecido Fernandes Source: Florida Entomologist, 100(1):134-144. Published By: Florida Entomological Society https://doi.org/10.1653/024.100.0119 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.100.0119 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator Of
    INGI AGNARSSON PH.D. Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator of Invertebrates, Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0086 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://theridiidae.com/ and http://www.islandbiogeography.org/; Phone: (+1) 802-656-0460 CURRICULUM VITAE SUMMARY PhD: 2004. #Pubs: 138. G-Scholar-H: 42; i10: 103; citations: 6173. New species: 74. Grants: >$2,500,000. PERSONAL Born: Reykjavík, Iceland, 11 January 1971 Citizenship: Icelandic Languages: (speak/read) – Icelandic, English, Spanish; (read) – Danish; (basic) – German PREPARATION University of Akron, Akron, 2007-2008, Postdoctoral researcher. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2005-2007, Postdoctoral researcher. George Washington University, Washington DC, 1998-2004, Ph.D. The University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1992-1995, B.Sc. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS University of Vermont, Burlington. 2016-present, Associate Professor. University of Vermont, Burlington, 2012-2016, Assistant Professor. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 2008-2012, Assistant Professor. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 2004-2007, 2010- present. Research Associate. Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Adjunct Professor. 2016-present. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavík, 1995-1998. Researcher (Icelandic invertebrates). Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1993-1994. Research Assistant (rocky shore ecology). GRANTS Institute of Museum and Library Services (MA-30-19-0642-19), 2019-2021, co-PI ($222,010). Museums for America Award for infrastructure and staff salaries. National Geographic Society (WW-203R-17), 2017-2020, PI ($30,000). Caribbean Caves as biodiversity drivers and natural units for conservation. National Science Foundation (IOS-1656460), 2017-2021: one of four PIs (total award $903,385 thereof $128,259 to UVM).
    [Show full text]
  • A Summary List of Fossil Spiders
    A summary list of fossil spiders compiled by Jason A. Dunlop (Berlin), David Penney (Manchester) & Denise Jekel (Berlin) Suggested citation: Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2010. A summary list of fossil spiders. In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Last udated: 10.12.2009 INTRODUCTION Fossil spiders have not been fully cataloged since Bonnet’s Bibliographia Araneorum and are not included in the current Catalog. Since Bonnet’s time there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the spider fossil record and numerous new taxa have been described. As part of a larger project to catalog the diversity of fossil arachnids and their relatives, our aim here is to offer a summary list of the known fossil spiders in their current systematic position; as a first step towards the eventual goal of combining fossil and Recent data within a single arachnological resource. To integrate our data as smoothly as possible with standards used for living spiders, our list follows the names and sequence of families adopted in the Catalog. For this reason some of the family groupings proposed in Wunderlich’s (2004, 2008) monographs of amber and copal spiders are not reflected here, and we encourage the reader to consult these studies for details and alternative opinions. Extinct families have been inserted in the position which we hope best reflects their probable affinities. Genus and species names were compiled from established lists and cross-referenced against the primary literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Nest Site Choice by the Intertidal Spider Desis Formidabilis (Araneae: Desidae) and Nest Utilisation by Its Hymenopteran Egg Parasitoid
    This is a repository copy of Nest site choice by the intertidal spider Desis formidabilis (Araneae: Desidae) and nest utilisation by its hymenopteran egg parasitoid. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/139051/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Owen, CA, van Noort, S, Compton, SG orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-8058 et al. (1 more author) (2019) Nest site choice by the intertidal spider Desis formidabilis (Araneae: Desidae) and nest utilisation by its hymenopteran egg parasitoid. Ecological Entomology, 44 (1). pp. 62-70. ISSN 0307-6946 https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12675 (c) 2018, The Royal Entomological Society. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: 'Owen, CA, van Noort, S, Compton, SG, and Coetzee, JA (2018). Nest site choice by the intertidal spider Desis formidabilis (Araneae: Desidae) and nest utilisation by its hymenopteran egg parasitoid. Ecological Entomology,' which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12675]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Supertree Construction Using Constraint Programming a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Appli
    PHYLOGENETIC SUPERTREE CONSTRUCTION USING CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF ÇANKAYA UNIVERSITY BY ALKIM ÖZAYGEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING APRIL 2006 ABSTRACT PHYLOGENETIC SUPERTREE CONSTRUCTION USING CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING Özaygen, Alkım M.S.c., Department of Computer Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Mehmet Reşit Tolun April 2006, 50 pages In biology, a phylogenetic tree, or phylogeny, is used to show the genealogic relationships of living things. It is a codification of data about evolutionary history. The tree of life shows the path evolution took to get to the current diversity of life and can help us also to search for the genealogy of disparate living organisms. In this thesis our aim is to provide a different approach for the construction of The Tree of Life. That is, we will propose a constraint programming solution to the decision problem of constructing a supertree that is compatible with a collection of given phylogenetic trees that share some species, which we will encode as constraint satisfaction problems. Keywords: Phylogeny, Supertree, Constraint Programming iv ÖZ KISIT PROGRAMLAMA KULLANARAK SÜPERAĞAÇ OLUŞTURULMASI Özaygen, Alkım Yükseklisans, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Tez Yöneticisi : Prof. Dr. Mehmet Reşit Tolun Nisan 2006, 50 sayfa Biyolojide filogenetik ağaç, canlılar arası bağlantıları göstermek için kullanılır. Evrim tarihi hakkında veri kodlamasıdır. Hayat Ağacı günümüzdeki çeşitliliğe ulaşmadaki evrimin izlediği süreci gösterir ve birbirinden tamamen farklı yaşayan organizma soylarının araştırılmasında yardımcı olur. Bu tezde amaç Hayat Ağacının oluşturulmasında farklı bir yaklaşım sunmak. Karar verme problemleri ve optimizasyon problemlerine kısıt koşul programlama çözümü öneriyoruz, ki bunu da kısıt koşul sağlama problemleri şeklinde kodlayacağız.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) Spider Fauna from the Chocó Forest of Ecuador, with the Description of Thirteen New Species
    European Journal of Taxonomy 255: 1–50 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.255 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2016 · Dupérré N. & Tapia E. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E8DA4DC-FF4C-436E-94FB-CB89F6416C6E Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species Nadine DUPÉRRÉ 1,* & Elicio TAPIA 2 1 Research Associate, Fundación OTONGA, Calle Rither y Bolivia, Quito, Ecuador, and Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A. 2 Researcher, Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Geovanny Farina 566, San Rafael, Ecuador. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F15E1FF2-2DF5-479A-AD10-8076CE96E911 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E842405B-5E5B-43AB-8BCD-586657AD5CFC Abstract. The spider diversity of the family Anyphaenidae in premontane, low evergreen montane and cloud forest from the Chocó region of Ecuador is examined. A total of 287 adult specimens were collected and 19 morphospecies were identified based on male specimens. Thirteen new species are described and one new genus is proposed. Five new species are described in the genus Katissa Brescovit, 1997: Katissa kurusiki sp. nov., K. puyu sp. nov., K. tamya sp. nov., K. yaya sp. nov. and K. guyasamini sp. nov. The new genus Shuyushka gen. nov. is proposed and includes three species: Shuyushka achachay gen. et sp. nov., S. moscai gen. et sp. nov. and S.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Entelegyne Spiders: Affinities of the Family Penestomidae
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 786–804 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of entelegyne spiders: Affinities of the family Penestomidae (NEW RANK), generic phylogeny of Eresidae, and asymmetric rates of change in spinning organ evolution (Araneae, Araneoidea, Entelegynae) Jeremy A. Miller a,b,*, Anthea Carmichael a, Martín J. Ramírez c, Joseph C. Spagna d, Charles R. Haddad e, Milan Rˇezácˇ f, Jes Johannesen g, Jirˇí Král h, Xin-Ping Wang i, Charles E. Griswold a a Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA b Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Postbus 9517 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands c Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales – CONICET, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina d William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd., Wayne, NJ 07470, USA e Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa f Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyneˇ, Czech Republic g Institut für Zoologie, Abt V Ökologie, Universität Mainz, Saarstraße 21, D-55099, Mainz, Germany h Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic i College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China article info abstract Article history: Penestomine spiders were first described from females only and placed in the family Eresidae. Discovery Received 20 April 2009 of the male decades later brought surprises, especially in the morphology of the male pedipalp, which Revised 17 February 2010 features (among other things) a retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA).
    [Show full text]
  • Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven
    Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Namadgi, ACT Bush Blitz Spiders 27 November-5 December 2018 Submitted: August 2019 Robert Raven Nomenclature and taxonomy used in this report is consistent with: The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home Page 1 of 12 Bush Blitz – Namadgi, ACT 27 Nov-5 Dec 2018 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 List of contributors ................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Site selection ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Survey techniques ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Methods used at standard survey sites ................................................................... 5 2.3 Identifying the collections .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Notes on Amaurobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae), Including the Description of a New Species
    Zootaxa 4718 (1): 047–056 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F484F4E-28C2-44E4-B646-58CBF375C4C9 Taxonomic notes on Amaurobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae), including the description of a new species YURI M. MARUSIK1,2, S. OTTO3 & G. JAPOSHVILI4,5 1Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa 3GutsMuthsstr. 42, 04177 Leipzig, Germany. 4Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, Agmashenebeli Alley 13 km, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia 5Invertebrate Research Center, Tetrtsklebi, Telavi municipality 2200, Georgia 6Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Amaurobius caucasicus sp. n., is described based on the holotype male and two male paratypes from Eastern Georgia. A similar species, A. hercegovinensis Kulczyński, 1915, known only from the original description is redescribed. The taxonomic status of Amaurobius species considered as nomina dubia and species described outside the Holarctic are also assessed. Amaurobius koponeni Marusik, Ballarin & Omelko, 2012, syn. n. described from northern India is a junior synonym of A. jugorum L. Koch, 1868 and Amaurobius yanoianus Nakatsudi, 1943, syn. n. described from Micronesia is synonymised with the titanoecid species Pandava laminata (Thorell, 1878) a species known from Eastern Africa to Polynesia. Considerable size variation in A. antipovae Marusik et Kovblyuk, 2004 is briefly discussed. Key words: Aranei, Asia, Caucasus, Georgia, Kakheti, misplaced, new synonym, nomen dubium, redescription Introduction Amaurobius C.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Amaurobiidae, Macrobuninae)
    Zootaxa 3931 (3): 387–400 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.3.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:13BA1A35-C31A-4910-8EAC-1D840C5CAD18 Revision of Emmenomma Simon (Amaurobiidae, Macrobuninae) ALMEIDA-SILVA LINA M.1,2,3, GRISWOLD CHARLES E.1 & BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.2 1California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, 94118, San Francisco, USA. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas - LECZ, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract The genus Emmenomma is revised and now includes three species from Southern Chile, Argentina and Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas). The type species Emmenomma oculatum is redescribed and considered a senior synonym of E. beauchenicum. Emmenomma oculatum obscurum is removed from synonymy with E. oculatum, raised to the species level and redescribed; the male of this species remains unknown. A new species, Emmenomma joshuabelli sp. nov. is described. The presence of a grate shaped tapetum outside the Lycosoidea clade is described. Detailed images are provided for all known species. Key words: Chile, Spiders, Naevius, Anisacate, Tibial gland Introduction The spider genus Emmenomma was proposed by Simon (1884) based on several male and female specimens from Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Due to its atypical eye pattern, with greatly enlarged lateral eyes, and peculiar male palp, with an elbowed and flexibly attached dorsal tibial apophysis (DTA) that rests on the retrolateral side of the palp and can be easily mistaken for a RTA, Emmenomma is not easily confused with other spiders and there are no synonyms of the generic name.
    [Show full text]