Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) Spider Fauna from the Chocó Forest of Ecuador, with the Description of Thirteen New Species
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Oak Woodland Litter Spiders James Steffen Chicago Botanic Garden
Oak Woodland Litter Spiders James Steffen Chicago Botanic Garden George Retseck Objectives • Learn about Spiders as Animals • Learn to recognize common spiders to family • Learn about spider ecology • Learn to Collect and Preserve Spiders Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Subphyla - Mandibulata Chelicerata Class - Arachnida Orders - Acari Opiliones Pseudoscorpiones Araneae Spiders Arachnids of Illinois • Order Acari: Mites and Ticks • Order Opiliones: Harvestmen • Order Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudoscorpions • Order Araneae: Spiders! Acari - Soil Mites Characteriscs of Spiders • Usually four pairs of simple eyes although some species may have less • Six pair of appendages: one pair of fangs (instead of mandibles), one pair of pedipalps, and four pair of walking legs • Spinnerets at the end of the abdomen, which are used for spinning silk threads for a variety of purposes, such as the construction of webs, snares, and retreats in which to live or to wrap prey • 1 pair of sensory palps (often much larger in males) between the first pair of legs and the chelicerae used for sperm transfer, prey manipulation, and detection of smells and vibrations • 1 to 2 pairs of book-lungs on the underside of abdomen • Primitively, 2 body regions: Cephalothorax, Abdomen Spider Life Cycle • Eggs in batches (egg sacs) • Hatch inside the egg sac • molt to spiderlings which leave from the egg sac • grows during several more molts (instars) • at final molt, becomes adult – Some long-lived mygalomorphs (tarantulas) molt after adulthood Phenology • Most temperate -
The House Spider Genome Reveals an Ancient Whole-Genome Duplication During Arachnid Evolution Evelyn E
Schwager et al. BMC Biology (2017) 15:62 DOI 10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access The house spider genome reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication during arachnid evolution Evelyn E. Schwager1,2†, Prashant P. Sharma3†, Thomas Clarke4,5,6†, Daniel J. Leite1†, Torsten Wierschin7†, Matthias Pechmann8,9, Yasuko Akiyama-Oda10,11, Lauren Esposito12, Jesper Bechsgaard13, Trine Bilde13, Alexandra D. Buffry1, Hsu Chao14, Huyen Dinh14, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni14, Shannon Dugan14, Cornelius Eibner15, Cassandra G. Extavour16, Peter Funch13, Jessica Garb2, Luis B. Gonzalez1, Vanessa L. Gonzalez17, Sam Griffiths-Jones18, Yi Han14, Cheryl Hayashi5,19, Maarten Hilbrant1,9, Daniel S. T. Hughes14, Ralf Janssen20, Sandra L. Lee14, Ignacio Maeso21, Shwetha C. Murali14, Donna M. Muzny14, Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca22, Christian L. B. Paese1, Jiaxin Qu14, Matthew Ronshaugen18, Christoph Schomburg8, Anna Schönauer1, Angelika Stollewerk23, Montserrat Torres-Oliva8, Natascha Turetzek8, Bram Vanthournout13,24, John H. Werren25, Carsten Wolff26, Kim C. Worley14, Gregor Bucher27*, Richard A. Gibbs14*, Jonathan Coddington17*, Hiroki Oda10,28*, Mario Stanke7*, Nadia A. Ayoub4*, Nikola-Michael Prpic8*, Jean-François Flot29*, Nico Posnien8*, Stephen Richards14* and Alistair P. McGregor1* Abstract Background: The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution to the evolutionary diversification of organisms. There is increasing evidence for a large-scale duplication of genes in some chelicerate lineages -
Arachnids (Excluding Acarina and Pseudoscorpionida) of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma
OCCASIONAL PAPERS THE MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY NUMBER 67 5 SEPTEMBER 1980 ARACHNIDS (EXCLUDING ACARINA AND PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA) OF THE WICHITA MOUNTAINS WILDLIFE REFUGE, OKLAHOMA JAMES C. COKENDOLPHER AND FRANK D. BRYCE The Wichita Mountains are located in eastern Greer, southern Kiowa, and northwestern Comanche counties in Oklahoma. Since their formation more than 300 million years ago, these rugged mountains have been fragmented and weathered, until today the highest peak (Mount Pinchot) stands only 756 meters above sea level (Tyler, 1977). The mountains are composed predominantly of granite and gabbro. Forests of oak, elm, and walnut border most waterways, while at elevations from 153 to 427 meters prair ies are the predominant vegetation type. A more detailed sum mary of the climatic and biotic features of the Wichitas has been presented by Blair and Hubbell (1938). A large tract of land in the eastern range of the Wichita Moun tains (now northeastern Comanche County) was set aside as the Wichita National Forest by President McKinley during 1901. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt created a game preserve on those lands managed by the Forest Service. Since 1935, this pre serve has been known as the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. Numerous papers on Oklahoma spiders have been published (Bailey and Chada, 1968; Bailey et al., 1968; Banks et al, 1932; Branson, 1958, 1959, 1966, 1968; Branson and Drew, 1972; Gro- thaus, 1968; Harrel, 1962, 1965; Horner, 1975; Rogers and Horner, 1977), but only a single, comprehensive work (Banks et al., 1932) exists covering all arachnid orders in the state. Further additions and annotations to the arachnid fauna of Oklahoma can be found 2 OCCASIONAL PAPERS MUSEUM TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY in recent revisionary studies. -
Aranhas (Araneae, Arachnida) Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil: Diversidade, Esforço Amostral E Estado Do Conhecimento
Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Aranhas (Araneae, Arachnida) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: diversidade, esforço amostral e estado do conhecimento Antonio Domingos Brescovit1,4, Ubirajara de Oliveira2,3 & Adalberto José dos Santos2 1Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, n. 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, n. 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG 4Autor para correspondência: Antonio Domingos Brescovit, e-mail: [email protected] BRESCOVIT, A.D., OLIVEIRA, U. & SANTOS, A.J. Spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) from São Paulo State, Brazil: diversity, sampling efforts, and state-of-art. Biota Neotrop. 11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v11n1a/en/abstract?inventory+bn0381101a2011. Abstract: In this study we present a database of spiders described and registered from the Neotropical region between 1757 and 2008. Results are focused on the diversity of the group in the State of São Paulo, compared to other Brazilian states. Data was compiled from over 25,000 records, published in scientific papers dealing with Neotropical fauna. These records enabled the evaluation of the current distribution of the species, the definition of collection gaps and priority biomes, and even future areas of endemism for Brazil. A total of 875 species, distributed in 50 families, have been described from the State of São Paulo. -
A Taxonomic Revision of the Neotropical Spider Genus Xiruana Brescovit 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae)
Zootaxa 3980 (2): 201–229 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:13D14535-2FCD-4E8D-A8EC-01CC9D6F38CC A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spider genus Xiruana Brescovit 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) LUIZ FERNANDO M. OLIVEIRA & ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 05503-900. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The genus Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 is currently composed of four South American species: X. gracilipes (Keyserling) from Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina, X. affinis (Mello-Leitão) from Brazil, X. hirsuta (Mello-Leitão) from Venezuela, Bra- zil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay, and X. tetraseta (Mello-Leitão) from Venezuela, Brazil and Paraguay. Of these, the last three are redescribed in this paper, including the first description of the females of X. hirsuta and X. tetraseta. Addi- tionally, we describe thirteen new species: Xiruana pocone n. sp. from Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina; X. bifida n. sp. from Brazil and Paraguay; X. aymara n. sp. from Bolivia; X. cocha n. sp. from Peru; X. fiebrigi n. sp. from Paraguay, and X. ajuricaba n. sp., X. tribarrense n. sp., X. guaia n. sp., X. jaboticabal n. sp., X. minacu n. sp., X. tapirape n. sp., X. lusitania n. sp., X. silarae n. sp., all endemic to Brazil. The known geographical distribution of all species here presented is mapped. -
Introduction; Environment & Review of Eyes in Different Species
The Biological Vision System: Introduction; Environment & Review of Eyes in Different Species James T. Fulton https://neuronresearch.net/vision/ Abstract: Keywords: Biological, Human, Vision, phylogeny, vitamin A, Electrolytic Theory of the Neuron, liquid crystal, Activa, anatomy, histology, cytology PROCESSES IN BIOLOGICAL VISION: including, ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF THE NEURON Introduction 1- 1 1 Introduction, Phylogeny & Generic Forms 1 “Vision is the process of discovering from images what is present in the world, and where it is” (Marr, 1985) ***When encountering a citation to a Section number in the following material, the first numeric is a chapter number. All cited chapters can be found at https://neuronresearch.net/vision/document.htm *** 1.1 Introduction While the material in this work is designed for the graduate student undertaking independent study of the vision sensory modality of the biological system, with a certain amount of mathematical sophistication on the part of the reader, the major emphasis is on specific models down to specific circuits used within the neuron. The Chapters are written to stand-alone as much as possible following the block diagram in Section 1.5. However, this requires frequent cross-references to other Chapters as the analyses proceed. The results can be followed by anyone with a college degree in Science. However, to replicate the (photon) Excitation/De-excitation Equation, a background in differential equations and integration-by-parts is required. Some background in semiconductor physics is necessary to understand how the active element within a neuron operates and the unique character of liquid-crystalline water (the backbone of the neural system). The level of sophistication in the animal vision system is quite remarkable. -
Common Kansas Spiders
A Pocket Guide to Common Kansas Spiders By Hank Guarisco Photos by Hank Guarisco Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, American Arachnological Society and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center i Table of Contents Introduction • 2 Arachnophobia • 3 Spider Anatomy • 4 House Spiders • 5 Hunting Spiders • 5 Venomous Spiders • 6-7 Spider Webs • 8-9 Other Arachnids • 9-12 Species accounts • 13 Texas Brown Tarantula • 14 Brown Recluse • 15 Northern Black Widow • 16 Southern & Western Black Widows • 17-18 Woodlouse Spider • 19 Truncated Cellar Spider • 20 Elongated Cellar Spider • 21 Common Cellar Spider • 22 Checkered Cobweb Weaver • 23 Quasi-social Cobweb Spider • 24 Carolina Wolf Spider • 25 Striped Wolf Spider • 26 Dotted Wolf Spider • 27 Western Lance Spider • 28 Common Nurseryweb Spider • 29 Tufted Nurseryweb Spider • 30 Giant Fishing Spider • 31 Six-spotted Fishing Spider • 32 Garden Ghost Spider Cover Photo: Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweaver ii Eastern Funnelweb Spider • 33 Eastern and Western Parson Spiders • 34 Garden Ghost Spider • 35 Bark Crab Spider • 36 Prairie Crab Spider • 37 Texas Crab Spider • 38 Black-banded Crab Spider • 39 Ridge-faced Flower Spider • 40 Striped Lynx Spider • 41 Black-banded Common and Convict Zebra Spiders • 42 Crab Spider Dimorphic Jumping Spider • 43 Bold Jumping Spider • 44 Apache Jumping Spider • 45 Prairie Jumping Spider • 46 Emerald Jumping Spider • 47 Bark Jumping Spider • 48 Puritan Pirate Spider • 49 Eastern and Four-lined Pirate Spiders • 50 Orchard Spider • 51 Castleback Orbweaver • 52 Triangulate Orbweaver • 53 Common & Cherokee Star-bellied Orbweavers • 54 Black & Yellow Garden Spider • 55 Banded Garden Spider • 56 Marbled Orbweaver • 57 Eastern Arboreal Orbweaver • 58 Western Arboreal Orbweaver • 59 Furrow Orbweaver • 60 Eastern Labyrinth Orbweaver • 61 Giant Long-jawed Orbweaver • 62 Silver Long-jawed Orbweaver • 63 Bowl and Doily Spider • 64 Filmy Dome Spider • 66 References • 67 Pocket Guides • 68-69 1 Introduction This is a guide to the most common spiders found in Kansas. -
Creamer Publications
VIRUS RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS Al-Khatib, R. Bsoul, E., Blom, D. A., Ghoshroy, K., Creamer, R., and Ghoshroy, S. 2103. Microscopic analysis of lead accumulation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish) roots and leaves. J. Microscopy and Ultrastructure 1:57-62. Al-Khatib, R, Creamer, R, and Ghoshroy, S. 2012. Physiological and ultrastructural effects of lead (Pb) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish). Biologia Plantarum 56:711-716 Vuong, H, Caccimase, D, Remmenga, M. and Creamer, R. 2012. Ecological associations of West Nile virus and avian hosts in arid environments of southern New Mexico. Studies in Avian Biology 42:3-21. Sedano, M, Lam, N, Escobar, I, Cross, T, Hanson, SF, and Creamer, R. 2012. Application of vascular puncture for evaluation of curtovirus resistance in chile pepper and tomato. J Phytopathol 160:120-128. Mohseni-Moghadam, M, Cramer, CS, Steiner, RL, and Creamer, R. 2011. Evaluating winter-sown onion entries for Iris yellow spot virus susceptibility. HortScience 46:1224- 1229. Al-Khatib, R, Creamer., R, Lartey, RT, and Ghoshroy, S. 2011. Effect of lead (Pb) on the systemic movement of RNA viruses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish). Plant Cell Reports 30:1427-1434. Hudson, A, Richman, DB, Escobar, I, and Creamer, R. 2010. Comparison of the feeding behavior and genetics of beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus, Baker) populations from California and New Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist 35:241-250. Lam, N, Creamer, R, Rascon, J, and Belfon, R. 2009. Characterization of a new curtovirus, Pepper yellow dwarf virus, from chile pepper and distribution in weed hosts in New Mexico. Archives of Virology 154:429-436. -
Identifying the Predator Complex of Homalodisca Vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): a Comparative Study of the Eycacy of an ELISA and PCR Gut Content Assay
Oecologia (2008) 157:629–640 DOI 10.1007/s00442-008-1095-x COMMUNITY ECOLOGY - METHODS PAPER Identifying the predator complex of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): a comparative study of the eYcacy of an ELISA and PCR gut content assay Valerie Fournier · James Hagler · Kent Daane · Jesse de León · Russell Groves Received: 8 November 2007 / Accepted: 4 June 2008 / Published online: 10 July 2008 © Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract A growing number of ecologists are using cytochrome oxidase gene (subunit I). The gut content molecular gut content assays to qualitatively measure pre- analyses revealed that GWSS remains were present in dation. The two most popular gut content assays are immuno- 15.5% of the predators examined, with 18% of the spiders assays employing pest-speciWc monoclonal antibodies and 11% of the insect predators testing positive. Common (mAb) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays spider predators included members of the Salticidae, employing pest-speciWc DNA. Here, we present results Clubionidae, Anyphaenidae, Miturgidae, and Corinnidae from the Wrst study to simultaneously use both methods to families. Common insect predators included lacewings identify predators of the glassy winged sharpshooter (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), praying mantis (Mantodea: (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Mantidae), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), assassin bugs Cicadellidae). A total of 1,229 arthropod predators, repre- (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), and damsel bugs (Hemiptera: senting 30 taxa, were collected from urban landscapes in Nabidae). Comparison of the two assays indicated that they central California and assayed Wrst by means of enzyme- were not equally eVective at detecting GWSS remains in linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a GWSS egg- predator guts. -
Population Genetic Structure of Group-Living and Solitary Species of Kleptoparasitic Spiders (Argyrodinae: Theridiidae)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Dual pathways in social evolution: Population genetic structure of group-living and solitary species of kleptoparasitic spiders (Argyrodinae: Theridiidae) 1,2☯ 3☯ 3 2 Yong-Chao SuID *, Po Peng , Mark Adrian Elgar , Deborah Roan Smith 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology / Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung a1111111111 Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America, 3 School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, a1111111111 Parkville, Victoria, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected], [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Group-living behavior is taxonomically widespread but rare in spiders. The conventional Citation: Su Y-C, Peng P, Elgar MA, Smith DR view is that the main pathways to group-living in spiders are either sub-social, where (2018) Dual pathways in social evolution: extended maternal care leads to prolonged sibling association; or communal living, where Population genetic structure of group-living and individuals aggregate to exploit a common resource. Female egg-sac guarding behavior solitary species of kleptoparasitic spiders (Argyrodinae: Theridiidae). PLoS ONE 13(11): occurs throughout kleptoparasitic spiders in the subfamily Argyrodinae (Theridiidae), while e0208123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. individuals in group-living species cohabit in the resource rich webs of their host spiders. pone.0208123 These attributes fit both sub-social and communal routes to group-living, which offers new Editor: Heike Lutermann, University of Pretoria, insights to study the early stages of social evolution. We investigated whether members of SOUTH AFRICA kleptoparasitic groups in natural populations comprise related individuals by comparing the Received: May 11, 2018 population structure of two group-living species, Argyrodes miniaceus and A. -
Bromeliads As Biodiversity Amplifiers and Habitat Segregation of Spider Communities in a Neotropical Rainforest
2010. The Journal of Arachnology 38:270–279 Bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers and habitat segregation of spider communities in a Neotropical rainforest Thiago Gonc¸alves-Souza1, Antonio D. Brescovit2, Denise de C. Rossa-Feres1,andGustavo Q. Romero1,3: 1Departamento de Zoologia e Botaˆnica, IBILCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rua Cristo´va˜o Colombo 2265, CEP 15054- 000, Sa˜o Jose´ do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; 2Instituto Butanta˜, Laborato´rio de Artro´podes Pec¸onhentos, Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil Abstract. Although bromeliads can be important in the organization of invertebrate communities in Neotropical forests, few studies support this assumption. Bromeliads possess a three-dimensional architecture and rosette grouped leaves that provide associated animals with a good place for foraging, reproduction and egg laying, as well as shelter against desiccation and natural enemies. We collected spiders from an area of the Atlantic Rainforest, southeastern Brazil, through manual inspection in bromeliads, beating trays in herbaceous+shrubby vegetation and pitfall traps in the soil, to test if: 1) species subsets that make up the Neotropical forest spider community are compartmentalized into different habitat types (i.e., bromeliads, vegetation and ground), and 2) bromeliads are important elements that structure spider communities because they generate different patterns of abundance distributions and species composition, and thus amplify spider beta diversity. Subsets of spider species were compartmentalized into three habitat types. The presence of bromeliads represented 41% of the increase in total spider richness, and contributed most to explaining the high beta diversity values among habitats. Patterns of abundance distribution of the spider community differed among habitats. -
2015-2025 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan
2 0 1 5 – 2 0 2 5 Species Assessments Appendix 1.1A – Birds A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Avifauna for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 (Jason Hill, PhD) Assessment of eBird data for the importance of Pennsylvania as a bird migratory corridor (Andy Wilson, PhD) Appendix 1.1B – Mammals A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Mammals, Utilizing NatureServe Ranking Methodology and Rank Calculator Version 3.1 for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 (Charlie Eichelberger and Joe Wisgo) Appendix 1.1C – Reptiles and Amphibians A Revision of the State Conservation Ranks of Pennsylvania’s Herpetofauna Appendix 1.1D – Fishes A Revision of the State Conservation Ranks of Pennsylvania’s Fishes Appendix 1.1E – Invertebrates Invertebrate Assessment for the 2015 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan Revision 2015-2025 Pennsylvania Wildlife Action Plan Appendix 1.1A - Birds A Comprehensive Status Assessment of Pennsylvania’s Avifauna for Application to the State Wildlife Action Plan Update 2015 Jason M. Hill, PhD. Table of Contents Assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Data Sources ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Species Selection ................................................................................................................................