Priority Species* for the South Carolina State Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan

Revised October 18, 2004

To satisfy Required Element 1, we had to create a priority species list. To arrive at this list, taxa experts were consulted who took into consideration the following criteria: state or federal status/rank, feasibility of South Carolina making a difference to the conservation of the species, population status (if known), distribution in the state, limiting factors affecting the species, the degree of exploitation/harvest, and the severity of threats faced by the species. Based upon professional judgment and scientific literature, species were scored and some were added or deleted to the list during the process. In the end, a list of species, most in need of management, was formed. What follows is that list. Please remember that this is a DRAFT, meaning that species are still under review in some categories. Check back often for updates.

*Species (including insects, marine fish, and marine invertebrates) will be added or deleted as new information becomes available.

MAMMALS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN BIRDS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LANDBIRD GROUP

Clethrionomys gapperi Southern red-backed vole SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Condylura cristata Star-nosed mole

Corynorhinus rafinesquii Rafinesque's big-eared bat Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed kite Lasiurus intermedius Northern yellow bat Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow vole Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon Myotis austroriparius Southeastern bat Falco sparverius paulus American kestrel (Southeastern race) Myotis leibii Eastern small-footed bat Bonasa umbellus Ruffed grouse Napaeozapus insignis Woodland jumping mouse Colinus virginianus Northern bobwhite Neotoma floridana Eastern woodrat Columbina passerina Common ground-dove Parascalops breweri Hairy-tailed mole Tyto alba Barn owl Sciurus niger Eastern fox squirrel Picoides borealis Red-cockaded woodpecker Sorex cinereus Masked shrew Tyrannus dominicensis Gray kingbird Sorex hoyi winnemana Southern pygmy shrew Empidonax virescens Acadian flycatcher Spilogale putorius Eastern spotted skunk Contopus virens Eastern wood-pewee Sylvilagus aquaticus Swamp rabbit Corvus corax Common raven Sylvilagus obscurus Appalachian (New England) cottontail Sitta canadensis Red-breasted nuthatch Mustela vison Mink Sitta pusilla Brown-headed nuthatch

Thryomanes bewickii Bewick's wren (MARINE) Hylocichla mustelina Wood thrush Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned kinglet Kogia simus Dwarf sperm whale Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead shrike Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler Trichechus manatus West Indian manatee Helmitheros vermivorus Worm-eating warbler Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose dolphin Dendroica petechia Yellow warbler Eubaleana glacialis Atlantic right whale Dendroica caerulescens Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica virens waynei Black-throated green warbler (Wayne’s race) Rynchops niger Black skimmer Dendroica pensylvanica Chestnut-sided warbler Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich tern Dendroica discolor Prairie warbler Sterna maxima Royal tern Seiurus motacilla Louisiana waterthrush Sterna antillarum Least tern Oporornis formosus Kentucky Warbler Sterna hirundo Common tern Sturnella magna Eastern meadowlark Sterna nilotica Gull-billed tern Euphagus carolinus Rusty blackbird Sterna forsteri Forster’s tern Piranga olivacea Scarlet tanager Larus atricilla Laughing gull Passerina ciris Painted bunting Charadrius wilsonia Wilson’s plover Loxia curvirostra Red crossbill Pelicanus occidentalis Eastern brown pelican Ammodramus savannarum Grasshopper sparrow Haematopus palliatus American oystercatcher Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Willet Ammospiza maritime Seaside sparrow Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked stilt Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed junco BREEDING WADING BIRD GROUP Spizella pusilla Field sparrow

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME WATERFOWL AND ALLIES Anhinga anhinga Anhinga SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Ardea herodias Great blue heron Egretta caerulea Little blue heron Gavia immer Common Loon Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Ardea alba Great egret Cygnus columbianus Tundra swan Egretta thula Snowy egret Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Egretta tricolor Louisiana (Tri-colored) heron Anas rubripes Black duck Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron Anas fulvigula Mottled duck* Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned night heron Anas acuta Northern pintail Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern Anas discors Blue-winged teal Mycteria americana Wood stork Aix sponsa Wood duck Plegadis falcinellus Glossy ibis Aythya americana Redhead Eudocimus albus White ibis Aythya collaris Ringneck Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested cormorant (breeding populations Aythya valisineria Canvasback only) Aythya marila Greater scaup Butorides virescens Green heron Aythya affinis Lesser scaup Melanitta deglandi White-winged scoter Melanitta perspicillata Surf scoter Melanitta nigra Black scoter NON-BREEDING (WINTERING OR TRANSIENTS) SHOREBIRD

* introduced species GROUP

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME BREEDING SHOREBIRD GROUP

Charadrius melodus Piping plover SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated plover Kinosternon baurii Striped mud turtle Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied plover Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback terrapin Pluvialis dominica American golden plover Clemmys guttata Spotted turtle Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog turtle Tryngites subruficallis Buff-breasted sandpiper Deirochelys reticularia Chicken turtle Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper Pseudemys floridana Florida cooter Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped sandpiper Pseudemys concinna River cooter Calidris pusilla Semipalmated sandpiper Trachemys scripta Yellowbelly turtle Calidris melanotos Pectoral sandpiper Gopherus polyphemus Gopher tortoise Calidris mauri Western sandpiper Apalone ferox Florida softshell turtle Calidris maritime Purple sandpiper Apalone spinifera Spiny softshell turtle Calidris minutilla Least sandpiper Eumeces anthracinus Coal skink Calidris himantopus Stilt sandpiper Ophisaurus attenuatus Slender glass lizard Calidris alba Sanderling Ophisaurus compressus Island glass lizard Calidris canutus Red knot Ophisaurus mimicus Mimic glass lizard Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper Nerodia floridana Florida green water snake Recurvirostra americana American avocet Seminatrix pygaea Black swamp snake Tringa melanoleuca Greater yellowlegs Rhadinea flavilata Pine woods snake Tringa flavipes Lesser yellowlegs Heterodon simus Southern hognose snake Calidris alpina Dunlin Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus Pine snake Limnodromus griseus Short-billed dowitcher Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus Florida pine snake Limnodromus scolopaceus Long-billed dowitcher Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum Eastern milk snake Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Crotalus adamanteus Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Numenius americanus Long-billed curlew Crotalus horridus Timber rattlesnake (mountain race) Limosa fedoa Marbled godwit Micrurus fulvius Coral snake Pseudobranchus striatus striatus Broad-striped dwarf siren MARSH BIRD GROUP Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Hellbender Ambystoma cingulatum Flatwoods salamander SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Ambystoma tigrinum Tiger salamander Desmognathus aeneus Seepage salamander Desmognathus (Leurognathus) marmoratus Shovel-nosed salamander Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow rail Aneides aeneus Green salamander Laterallus jamaicensis Black rail Pseudotriton m. flavissimus Gulf Coast mud salamander Rallus elegans King rail Plethodon websteri Webster's salamander Ixobrychus exilis Least bittern Plethodon jordani Jordan's salamander Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern Hemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe (breeding populations) Eurycea chamberlaini Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Fulica americana American coot (breeding populations) Hyla andersonii pine barrens treefrog Gallinago gallinagodelicata Common (Wilson’s) snipe Hyla avivoca bird-voiced treefrog Scolopax minor American woodcock Pseudacris triseriata upland chorus frog Porphyrula martinica Purple gallinule Acris crepitans Northern cricket frog

Rana capito capito Carolina gopher frog HERPETOFAUNA OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Rana palustris pickerel frog Rana sylvatica wood frog SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Desmognathus auriculatus Southern dusky salamander Chelydra serpentina Common snapping turtle Alligator mississippiensis American alligator Moxostoma pappillosum V-lip redhorse (MARINE) Moxostoma robustum Robust redhorse Caretta caretta loggerhead sea turtle Moxostoma sp. "Carolina redhorse" Chelonia mydas green sea turtle Ameiurus brunneus Snail bullhead Lepidochelys kempii Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle Ameiurus platycephalus Flat bullhead Dermochelys coriacea leatherback sea turtle Noturus spp. Broadtail madtom Eretmochelys imbricata hawksbill sea turtle Fundulus chrysotus Golden topminnow Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Fundulus pulvereus Bayou killifish FRESHWATER FISH OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Lucania goodei Bluefin killifish (DRAFT) Heterandria formosa Least killifish Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass

Elassoma boehlkei Carolina pygmy sunfish SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Elassoma okatie Bluebarred pygmy sunfish

Enneacanthus chaetodon Blackbanded sunfish Ameiurus catus White catfish Micropterus coosae Redeye bass Lepisosteus platyrhinchus Florida gar Etheostoma collis Carolina darter Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout Etheostoma flabellare Fantail darter Campostoma anomalum Stoneroller Etheostoma fricksium Savannah darter Cyprinella analostana Satinfin shiner Etheostoma hopkinsi Christmas darter Cyprinella galacturus Whitetail shiner Etheostoma inscriptum Turquoise darter Cyprinella leedsi Bannerfin shiner Etheostoma mariae Pinewoods darter Cyprinella pyrrhomelas Fieryblack shiner Etheostoma saludae Saluda darter Cyprinella labrosa Thicklip chub Etheostoma thalassinum Seagreen darter Cyprinella spp. (c. f. zanema) “Thinlip” chub Etheostoma zonale Banded Darter Hybopsis zanema Santee chub Percina crassa Piedmont darter Luxilus coccogenis Warpaint shiner Percina nigrofasciata Blackbanded darter Nocomis micropogon River chub Cottus bairdi Smokey sculpin Notropis alborus Whitemouth shiner

Notropis amoenus Comely shiner Notropis bifrenatus Bridle shiner DIADROMOUS FISH OF CONSERVATION CONCERN (DRAFT) Notropis chiliticus Redlip shiner Notropis chlorocephalus Greenhead shiner SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Notropis leuciodus Tennessee shiner Notropis maculatus Taillight shiner Anquilla rostrata American eel Notropis spectrunculus Mirror shiner Acipenser brevirostrum Shortnose sturgeon Pteronotropis stonei Lowland shiner Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic sturgeon Hybopsis hypinotus Highback chub Alosa mediocris Hickory shad Hybopsis rubrifrons Rosyface chub Alosa sapidissima American shad Opsopoeodus emiliae Pugnose minnow Morone saxatilis Striped bass Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace Fundulus confluentus Marsh killifish Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose dace Lucania parva Rainwater killifish Semotilus lumbee Sandhills chub Poecilia latipinna Sailfin molly Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback Agonostomus monticola Mountain mullet Carpiodes velifer Highfin carpsucker Dormitator maculatus Fat sleeper Moxostoma collapsum Notchlip redhorse Eleotris pisonis Spinycheek sleeper Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse Gobionellus boleosoma Darter goby Gobionellus shufeldti Freshwater gobie FRESHWATER MUSSELS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Petromyzon marinus Sea lamprey Alosa aestivalis Blueback herring SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

FRESHWATER SNAILS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Anodonta couperiana Barrel floater Anodonta implicata Alewife floater

Strophitus undulatus Creeper mussel SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Alasmidonta varicosa Brook floater

Alasmidonta undulata Triangular floater Somatogyrus tenax Savannah pebblesnail Lasmigona decorata Carolina heelsplitter Lioplax subcarinata Ridged lioplax Fusconaia masoni Atlantic pigtoe Physa species “A” a snail Elliptio complanata Eastern elliptio

Elliptio congaraea Carolina slabshell CRAYFISH OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Elliptio icterina Variable spike Elliptio fraterna Brother spike SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Elliptio angustata Carolina lance Elliptio producta Atlantic spike Cambarus species “B” a crayfish Elliptio folliculata Pod lance Cambarus carolinus Red burrowing crayfish Elliptio roanokensis Roanoke slabshell Cambarus chaugaensis Oconee stream crayfish Elliptio waccanawensis Waccamaw spike Cambarus hobbsorum Rocky River crayfish Leptodea ochracea Tidewater mucket Cambarus lenati Broad River stream crayfish Toxolasma pullus Savannah lilliput Cambarus nodosus a crayfish Ligumia nasuta Eastern pondmussel Cambarus reburrus French Broad River crayfish Villosa vibex Southern rainbow Cambarus reflexus a crayfish Villosa delumbis Eastern creekshell Cambarus sp. A (cf. C howardi) a crayfish Villosa constricta Notched rainbow Cambarus spicatus Broad River spiny crayfish Villosa vaughaniana Carolina creekshell Distocambarus carlsoni Mimic crayfish Lampsilis radiata Eastern lampmussel* Distocambarus crockeri a crayfish Lampsilis splendida Rayed Pink fatmucket* Distocambarus hunteri a crayfish Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel Distocambarus youngineri a crayfish Faxonella clypeata Ditch fencing crayfish *may be same species Procambarus ancylus Edisto crayfish Procambarus barbatus a crayfish Procambarus blandingii Santee crayfish Procambarus braswelli Waccamaw crayfish Procambarus chacei a crayfish Procambarus echinatus a crayfish Procambarus enoplosternum a crayfish Procambarus hirsutus a crayfish Procambarus lepidodactylus Pee Dee lotic crayfish Procambarus lunzi a crayfish Procambarus pearsei Sandhills crayfish Procambarus pubescens a crayfish