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Proceedings of the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group / World Health Organization Meeting

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Proceedings of the Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group / World Health Organization Meeting W. H. O. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICAN RABIES GROUP / WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MEETING ENTEBBE, UGANDA – 29-31 MARCH 1999 CONTENTS FOREWORD......................................................................................................................................................... 3 THE CHALLENGES OF RABIES DIAGNOSIS, SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL IN THE 21ST CENTURY ....................................................................................................... 4 SESSION 1 : OFFICIAL OPENING OVERVIEW OF SOUTHERN ANS EASTERN AFRICAN RABIES GROUP (SEARG) ACTIVITIES 1997 - 1999 .................. 7 WELLCOME SPEECH ................................................................................................................................................. 8 OPENING SPEECH ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 SESSION 2 : RABIES OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL IN THE SEARG REGION RABIES IN KENYA .................................................................................................................................................. 12 RABIES IN SUDAN .................................................................................................................................................. 15 RABIES IN RWANDA............................................................................................................................................... 19 RABIES IN MALAWI................................................................................................................................................ 22 RABIES IN ZAMBIA................................................................................................................................................. 26 RABIES IN MOZAMBIQUE ....................................................................................................................................... 28 RABIES IN LESOTHO............................................................................................................................................... 31 RABIES IN SWAZILAND .......................................................................................................................................... 34 CONTROL OF RABIES IN NAMIBIA........................................................................................................................... 37 RABIES IN BOTSWANA ........................................................................................................................................... 40 RABIES IN SOUTH AFRICA...................................................................................................................................... 46 RABIES IN UGANDA ............................................................................................................................................... 51 RABIES IN ZIMBABWE ............................................................................................................................................ 55 RABIES IN MADAGASCAR 1994 - 1998 .................................................................................................................. 58 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 63 SESSION 3 : RABIES DIAGNOSIS HAVE WE MET THE CHALLENGES OF RABIES DIAGNOSIS, SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL IN THE 20TH CENTURY?..66 RABIES SURVEILLANCE IN TANZANIA .................................................................................................................... 69 TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE ON TECHNIQUES USED IN EUROPE FOR RABIES AND ORAL VACCINATION SURVEILLANCE................................................................................................................................................. 79 RABIES IN A TWO-WEEK OLD CALF NEAR KAMPALA, A CASE REPORT .................................................................... 86 A REVIEW OF CLINICAL RABIES ADMITTED TO MULAGO HOSPITAL UGANDA 1990 - 1998..................................... 88 RABIES IN UGANDA A RETRO- AND PROSPECTIVE VIEW ......................................................................................... 93 DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RABIES AND RABIES-RELATED VIRUSES USING RAPID-CYCLE PCR............... 96 RABIES IN WILDLIFE - IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN UGANDA.............................. 100 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 104 SESSION 4 : HUMAN AND ANIMAL RABIES SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL URBAN RABIES CONTROL INITIATIVE IN KAMWOKYA II PARISH, KAMPALA CITY, UGANDA................................ 107 EARLY EXCRETION OF RABIES VIRUS IN SALIVA OF FOXES AND DOGS.................................................................. 112 HUMAN TO HUMAN BITES ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL RABIES ........................................................................... 119 DOG BITES, RABIES AND PATTERNS OF TREATMENT............................................................................................. 123 DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORAL DOG RABIES VACCINE "RABIDOG®" (SAG2)........................................................... 127 DOG ECOLOGY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE WITH REFERENCE TO IMPROVING RABIES AWARENESS AND CONTROL IN RURAL SUBURBAN AND URBAN AREAS OF SWAZILAND. ................................................................................. 129 THE DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR (DALY) AND RABIES .............................................................................. 134 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 139 CLOSING ADDRESS....................................................................................................................................... 141 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS .............................................................................................................................. 143 - 2 - FOREWORD The Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group (SEARG) was founded in 1992 at a gathering of rabies scientists, diagnosticians and policy makers in Lusaka, Zambia. The following year, in South Africa, two meetings were held under the auspices of SEARG, in Pietermaritzburg and Onderstepoort. At the meeting in Pietermaritzburg a decision was taken to hold the third meeting of the Group in Mo- zambique, but due to logistical difficulties the venue was changed to Zimbabwe and the meeting took place in Harare in March 1995. In March 1997 we met again, this time in Nairobi, Kenya, when Philip Kitala and Brian Perry acted as Chairman and Secretary respectively. At that meeting there was healthy competition to provide the next meeting venue and a small committee decided that we should meet in Uganda. The meeting took place in Entebbe, Uganda, 29-31 March 1999. As in all of our previous meetings, this meeting would not have been possible without the financial assistance of the World Health Organization. In fact, the WHO has consistently supported the aims and objectives of the Group, as well as giving financial assistance and indeed at the Nairobi meeting WHO became permanently linked to the Group such that we are now SEARG/WHO. This arrange- ment is of mutual benefit. The Group is instrumental in providing WHO with information which may not otherwise be gathered and at the same time allows the Group to continue its independence of thought and activity. One advantage of this independence is that we are able to provide a platform for com- mercial companies not only to promote their wares but also to give presentations to the open meeting on the latest advances in vaccine technology. Outstanding though the financial assistance of WHO undoubtedly is, we need more if we are to achieve our aims and objectives. At each meeting we provide a diagnostic training day; we try to bring international experts to the meeting to avail us of their expertise; we cover the travelling and subsis- tence expenses of all participants from countries other than the host nation and we provide them with a small per diem. Of course, this would not be possible without the support of many, and we gratefully thank Chiron Behring GmbH & Co., Medvet Laboratories (Uganda) Ltd., Fort Dodge (Uganda) Ltd., Intervet, Coopers (Uganda) Ltd. and Virbac (France) and a host of others, all of whom have helped with donations large and small. We also thank Fondation Marcel Merieux for publishing our Proceed- ings. In addition and in particular, we thank the Government of Uganda for providing excellent venues, facilities and transport for relaxing visits to local places of interest. When we first met in Lusaka we had representatives from ten countries. We have grown and our catchment area now covers eighteen countries, an area 10% larger than the USA and with 25 million more people! We have made progress in other directions : we begin to understand better the needs of African countries in the control of rabies, we have promoted greater co-operation between medical and veterinary disciplines and we have been instrumental in encouraging research projects in, for example, dog ecology. In the latter context, we are delighted to accept an African Chiron Vaccine Rabies Award made by Chiron Vaccines.
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