DOCSLIB.ORG

Our N Distribution Pattern and Spec Nepal H Our Nature Bution Pattern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Our N Distribution Pattern and Spec Nepal H Our Nature Bution Pattern Rana et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 22-29 Our Nature│December 2016│14 (1): 22-29 ISSN: 1991-2951 (Print) Our Nature ISSN: 2091-2781 (Online) Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/ON Distribution pattern and species richness of Liliaceae in the Nepal Himalaya Hum Kala Rana1, Santosh Kumar Rana1,2,3* and Suresh Kumar Ghimire1 1Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The most important aspect of plant conservation is to predict the potential distribution and its richness in response to climate change. Contributing to the management pro- gram, this study aimed to predict the distribution and richness pattern of Liliaceae in Nepal. The BIOCLIM in DIVA GIS 7.5 model based on distribution records of 19 spe- cies belonging to three subfamilies of Liliaceae (Lilioideae, Streptopoideae and Calo- chortoideae) and 19 climatic variables (derived from Worldclim), revealed that Lilioi- deae and Streptopoideae are potentially distributed in most of the hilly and mountainous regions of Nepal; whereas Calochortoideae mostly in Eastern and very scanty in Central Nepal. Lilioideae is projected to have high species richness in Central and Western Nepal as compared to other subfamilies. Key words: Conservation, DIVA GIS, Lily, Modelling DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16437 Manuscript details: Received: 27.07.2016 / Accepted: 28.11.2016 Citation: Rana, H.K., S.K. Rana and S.K. Ghimire 2016. Distribution pattern and species richness of Liliaceae in the Nepal Himalaya. Our Nature 14(1):22-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16437 Copyright: © Rana et al. 2016. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Introduction geophytes (but also possess other forms of The family is named after Lilium, the type enlarged underground stem). This family genus (Simpson, 2006). Lilium is Latin for contains many members with economic ‘lily’ and which came from the Greek word importance. Notable among them are spe- leírion (lily flower “a classic symbol of cies of Fritillaria, Lilium, Tulipa and Tri- purity”). Liliaceae are generally bulbous cyrtis. Particularly, Fritillaria cirrhosa, 22 Rana et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 22-29 Lilium nepalense and L. wallichianum are el of DIVA-GIS to predict the species cur- also valued in Nepal as medicine and food rent distribution (Guisan and Zimmerman, (Ghimire et al., 2008; Kunwar et al., 2006). 2000; Hijmans and Graham, 2006; Partha- F. cirrhosa and L. nepalense are traded sarathy et al., 2006; Rajbhandary et al., from Nepal to overseas herbal market. Con- 2010; Barman et al., 2011; Babar et al., sidering their increasing exploitation for 2012), taking one or few genera and even a trade, Conservation Assessment Manage- whole family. But, no work has focused on ment Prioritization Workshop (CAMP) held the family Liliaceae. However, very less in Nepal has listed F. cirrhosa and L. nepa- work has been done on species distribution lense as threatened medicinal plants under modeling for Nepal. Although distribution threat categories ‘Vulnerable’ and ‘Data modeling cannot be treated as substitute for Deficient’, respectively (Tandon et al. detailed empirical field data, including data 2001). Both of these species are also in- on demography, abundance and species- cluded in National Register of Medicinal environment interactions, its prediction ac- Plants (IUCN, 2004) and these medicinal curacy can be judged based on available plants are important components in the flo- information. In case of Liliaceae, the col- ra of Nepal (Rana et al., 2015). lection of occurrence records is limited The members of the family are widespread mostly to the sites where field excursions throughout the world, but most common in have been made in the past, which may re- temperate to subtropical regions, especially sult in the perception that they grow under East Asia and North America in the North- certain conditions when other areas were ern hemisphere. They occur mostly in the simply not examined. Selected parameters steppes and mountain meadows. The centre may not be sufficient to describe the spe- of diversity is considered as S.W. Asia to cies habitat requirements. Certain species China (Simpson, 2006). have specific ecological limitations govern- It is a well known fact that plant spe- ing where they are known to occur, which cies are not homogenously distributed, each may result in over-prediction of suitable species depends on the existence of a spe- habitat by the model. Distribution model cific set of environmental conditions for its (BIOCLIM) predicts suitability areas only long-term survival (Gaston and Blackburn, in the neighbourhood of occurrence 2000). Detailed knowledge of species eco- records. Thus, the present work also aims, logical and geographic distribution is fun- 1) to predict the current potential geograph- damental for conservation planning and ic distribution of three subfamilies of Lilia- forecasting (Ferrier, 2002; Funk and Rich- ceae: Lilioideae, Streptopoideae and Calo- ardson, 2002; Rushton et al., 2004), and for chortoideae; 2) to generate the overall spe- understanding ecological and evolutionary cies richness pattern for the family Lilia- determinants of spatial patterns of biodiver- ceae in Nepal. sity (Rosenzweig, 1995; Brown and Lomo- lino, 1998; Ricklefs, 2004). Materials and methods To predict species potential geo- Climatic and species data graphic distribution and its richness, a Locality records (in total, 218) for 19 enu- range of models have been developed. merated species (classified into 3 subfami- Many scientists have used BIOCLIM mod- lies viz., Lilioideae, Streptopoideae, Calo- 23 Rana et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 22-29 chortoideae) of family Liliaceae were used Data cleaning for distribution modeling. These locality The initial record of presence points were records were obtained from the herbarium 355, after removing the multiple collection specimens housed at different herbaria Na- records. The presence points were georefe- tional Herbarium and Plant Laboratories renced using ArcGIS 9.3 and duplicate (KATH), Tribhuvan University Central records were removed within each 2 min Herbarium (TUCH), University of grid cell (separately for species of 3 subfa- Tokyo (TI) and Royal Botanic Garden milies) to obtain least spatial autocorrela- tion. Finally, 164 collection points for sub- Edinburgh (RBGE). A set of 19 climatic family Lilioideae (16 species), 42 for Strep- variables for Nepal (Tab. 1) were extracted topoideae (2 species) and 12 for Calochor- from WORLDCLIM (http//www.worldclim toideae (1 species) were obtained. .org) (Hijmans et al., 2005). WORLDCLIM contains climatic data at a spatial resolution Distribution modeling of 2.5 arc sec (~5 Km2) obtained by inter- In ecological and biogeographical studies, polation of climatic station records from the present distribution of organism is ana- 1950-2000. The variables were derived lyzed with regard to the characteristics of from monthly precipitation and maximum the physical environment, involving mod- and minimum temperature. eling. Prediction of distributions have Table 1. List of 19 bioclimatic variables used for predicting been carried out for many types of organ- the species distribution. BIO1 Annual Mean Temperature ism, especially with the application of DI- Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max VA-GIS (Guisan and Zimmerman, 2000; BIO2 temp –min temp)) Delanoy and Damme, 2006; Hijmans and BIO3 Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (* 100) Graham, 2006; Parthasarathy et al., 2006; Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation Zafra-Calvo et al., 2010; Hou et al., 2010; BIO4 *100) Rajbhandary et al., 2010; Barman et al., BIO5 Max Temperature of Warmest Month 2011; Babar et al., 2012). The environmen- BIO6 Min Temperature of Coldest Month tal suitability for each species was ranked BIO7 Temperature Annual Range (BIO5–BIO6) under five classes (Tab. 2). The places not BIO8 Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter suitable for the species were displayed in BIO9 Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter white. Areas with various classes of suita- BIO10 Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter temperature min and from max Derived bility for the species were shown from dark BIO11 Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter green to red color. The dark green color BIO12 Annual Precipitation means lower suitability (0-2.5 percentile) BIO13 Precipitation of Wettest Month while red (20-30 percentile) indicates place BIO14 Precipitation of Driest Month with higher suitability for species present Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of BIO15 occurrence. For each grid cell of the map, Variation) percentile value is assigned, which range BIO16 Precipitation of Wettest Quarter from zero (low) to the theoretical maximum BIO17 Precipitation of Driest Quarter of 50 (very high). Locations where the val- BIO18 Precipitation of Warmest Quarter Derived from precipitation from Derived ues lie within the 2.5-30 percentile of the BIO19 Precipitation of Coldest Quarter climate envelope are traditionally classified as ‘core’ regions of species occurrence. Ex- 24 Rana et al. / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 22-29 cellent distribution of species belonging to family Calochortoideae, mostly the North- subfamilies is shown by the region with 20-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
    Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing History
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911 Tracing History Phylogenetic, Taxonomic, and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family BY ANNIKA VINNERSTEN ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2003 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lindahlsalen, EBC, Uppsala, Friday, December 12, 2003 at 10:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Vinnersten, A. 2003. Tracing History. Phylogenetic, Taxonomic and Biogeographic Research in the Colchicum Family. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 911. 33 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5814-9 This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB- rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demonstrated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded.
    [Show full text]
  • Albuca Spiralis
    Flowering Plants of Africa A magazine containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by G. Germishuizen with assistance of E. du Plessis and G.S. Condy Volume 62 Pretoria 2011 Editorial Board A. Nicholas University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA D.A. Snijman South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA Referees and other co-workers on this volume H.J. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK D. Bridson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Burgoyne, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J.E. Burrows, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve & Herbarium, Lydenburg, RSA C.L. Craib, Bryanston, RSA G.D. Duncan, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA E. Figueiredo, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, RSA H.F. Glen, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Durban, RSA P. Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, USA G. Goodman-Cron, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, RSA D.J. Goyder, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK A. Grobler, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA R.R. Klopper, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA J. Lavranos, Loulé, Portugal S. Liede-Schumann, Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA A. Nicholas, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, RSA R.B. Nordenstam, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden B.D. Schrire, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK P. Silveira, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal H. Steyn, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P. Tilney, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, RSA E.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Occurrence of Tuliposides in the Liliiflorae
    Phytochrmisrry, 1975, Vol. 14. pp. 1997-2005. Pergamon Press. Printed in England. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF TULIPOSIDES IN THE LILIIFLORAE A. SLOB,* B. JEKELt and BEA DE JONG~ Netherlands Institute for Preventive Medicine TNO, Wassenaarseweg 56, Leiden, The Netherlands and ELS SCHLATMANN~ Laboratory for Experimental Plant Systematics, 5e Binnenvestgracht 8, Leiden, The Netherlands (Received 25 November 1974) Key Word Index-Alstroemeriacear; Liliaceae; Relationships among Liliiflorae; allergenic plant constituents; post-inhibitins; tuliposides; chemotaxonomy. Abstract-Approximately 200 samples of liliiflorous plants were investigated for the presence of tuliposides. Appreciable amounts of tuliposide A were detected in all species of Erythronium, Tulipa, Gagea, Bomarea and Alstroemeria. Large amounts of tuliposide B seem to be restricted to Erythronium and Tulipa. The occurrence of identical post-inhibitins in Tulipa and allied taxa and in Alstroemeria and allied taxa is interpreted as indicating a close relationship between Lilioideae and Alstroemeria- ceae. At the same time the allergenic potentialities of all taxa of Alstroemeria are stressed. INTRODUCTION more important than tuliposide-B, because the Tuliposide-A, the ester of glucose with a-methy- allergic skin disease caused by tulips seems to lene-y-hydroxybutyric acid, occurs in large be caused by a-methylene-y-butyrolactone derived amounts in tulips. It is accompanied by tulipo- from tuliposide-A; in this respect the fl-hydroxy- side-B, the P-hydroxyderivative of the former [l]. derivative seems to be inert [S]. Tuliposide-A is The hydroxy-acids released by enzymic or spon- present in considerable amounts in bulbs, stems, taneous hydrolysis of tuliposides lactonize easily leaves and flowers of cultivated tulips.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Conservation Status of Calochortus Nitidus
    REPORT ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF CALOCHORTUS NITIDUS by Michael Mancuso Conservation Data Center February 1996 Idaho Department of Fish and Game Natural Resource Policy Bureau 600 South Walnut, P.O. Box 25 Boise, Idaho 83707 Jerry M. Conley, Director Status Survey Report prepared for Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation through Section 6 funding from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 REPORT ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF CALOCHORTUS NITIDUS Taxon Name: Calochortus nitidus Dougl. Common Names: Broad-fruit mariposa lily Family: Liliaceae States Where Taxon Occurs: U.S.A.; Idaho, Washington Current Federal Status: Category 1 Candidate Recommended Federal Status: 3c Authors of Report: Michael Mancuso Original Date of Report: June 30, 1988 Date of Most Recent Revision: February 9, 1996 Individual to Whom Further Information and Comments Should be Sent: Robert K. Moseley Conservation Data Center Idaho Dept. Fish and Game P.O. Box 25 Boise, ID 83707 ii ABSTRACT Calochortus nitidus (broad-fruit mariposa lily) is a perennial forb with a single broad, flat basal leaf and showy flowers. Bulbs do not produce above ground tissue every year. This species is endemic to the Palouse Prairie of eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, extending southward and eastward to confluent portions of west-central Idaho, an area approximately 100 miles long and wide. Extensive historic populations are assumed to have been destroyed during the rapid conversion of the prairie grasslands to crop agriculture, beginning more than a century ago. Remaining prairie sites are too steep or rocky to plow. Most extant populations occur along the grassy ridges, canyon rims and upper slopes, or openings in nearby dry conifer woodlands, peripheral to the prairie grasslands.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics of the Genus Uvularia and Selected Liliales Based Upon Matk and Rbcl Gene Sequence Data
    Plant Species Biol, 13 : 129-146, 1998 PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY > by the Society for the Study of Species Biology Molecular Systematics of the Genus Uvularia and Selected Liliales Based upon matK and rbcL Gene Sequence Data KAZUHIKO HAYASHI1' 2), SEIJI YOSHIDA3", HIDETOSHI KATO41, FREDERICK H. UTECH51, DENNIS F. WHIGHAM61 and SHOICHI KAWANO11 1) Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 21 Biology Laboratory, Osaka Gakuin University, Suita, Osaka 564-8511, Japan 31 Taishi Senior High School, Taishi, Ibo, Hyogo 671-1532, Japan 41 Makino Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Meteropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan 5) Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A. 61 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, U.S.A. Abstract To elucidate the affinity and phylogeny of the endemic North American genus Uvularia, two chloroplast genes, matK and rbcL, were sequenced for all five species of the genus {Uvularia floridana, U. grandifolia, U. per- foliata, U. puberula, and U. sessilifolia) and four selected members of the Liliales (Erythronium japonicum, Disporum sessile, Medeola virginiana, and Clintonia borealis). Sequence data of both matK and rbcL genes support an Uvularia which consist of two clades, section Oakesiella and section Uvularia. Though sessile-leaved and associated with sec- tion Oakesiella, U. puberula exhibits several intermediate characteristics between the sections. However, the overall molecular results correspond to an earlier sub-grouping based upon gross morphology, karyology and ecological life history traits. These two cpDNA genes, notably matK tree, proved to be informative in reaffirming relationships with- in Uvularia.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of Liliales
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany Volume 22 Issue 1 Article 43 2006 Phylogenetics of Liliales Michael F. Fay Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Mark W. Chase Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Nina Rønsted Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Dion S. Devey Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Yohan Pillon Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Fay, Michael F.; Chase, Mark W.; Rønsted, Nina; Devey, Dion S.; Pillon, Yohan; Pires, J. Chris; Peterson, Gitte; Seberg, Ole; and Davis, Jerrold I. (2006) "Phylogenetics of Liliales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 43. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/43 Phylogenetics of Liliales Authors Michael F. Fay, Mark W. Chase, Nina Rønsted, Dion S. Devey, Yohan Pillon, J. Chris Pires, Gitte Peterson, Ole Seberg, and Jerrold I. Davis This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/ aliso/vol22/iss1/43 Liliales MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 559-565 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENETICS OF LILIALES: SUMMARIZED EVIDENCE FROM COMBINED ANALYSES OF FIVE PLASTID AND ONE MITOCHONDRIAL LOCI 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 6 MICHAEL F. FAY, • MARK W. CHASE, NINA R0NSTED, DION S. DEVEY, YOHAN PILLON, J. CHRIS PIRES, • GITTE PETERSEN,3·7 OLE SEBERG,3·7 AND JERROLD I DAVIS4 1lodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; 2Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; 3Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 140, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark; 4L.
    [Show full text]
  • BASKİL TERS LALESİ (Fritillaria Baskilensis Behcet)'NİN DOKU KÜLTÜRÜYLE ÇOĞALTILMASI Tuba SARİ Moleküler Biyoloji V
    BASKİL TERS LALESİ (Fritillaria baskilensis Behcet)’NİN DOKU KÜLTÜRÜYLE ÇOĞALTILMASI Tuba SARİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ömer MUNZUROĞLU AĞUSTOS-2016 ÖZET Yüksek Lisans BASKİL TERS LALESİ (Fritillaria baskilensis Behcet)’NİN DOKU KÜLTÜRÜYLE ÇOĞALTILMASI Tuba SARİ Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Moleküler Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ömer MUNZUROĞLU 2016 Bu çalışmada ülkemiz için endemik olan ve türü tehlike altında olduğu bildirilen Baskil Ters Lalesi (Fritillaria baskilensis Behçet)’nin in vitro çoğaltımı amaçlandı. Eksplantlar bitkinin soğan, açmamış çiçek tepalleri ve çiçek saplarından elde edildi. Deneylerde MS (vitaminli) temel besi ortamı, %3 ve %6 sükroz ile NAA, IAA ve BA gibi bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri (PGR) kullanıldı. Yüzey sterilizasyonu işlemleri etil alkol ve sodyum hipoklorit (NaOCl) kullanılarak yapıldı. Eksplantlar 20±1 oC’de gelişmeye bırakıldı. 8 saat karanlık ve 16 saat ışık fotoperiyot uygulandı. İlk 30 günlük inkübasyon sonunda, canlı kalan (%85,94) soğan eksplantlarının %38.4’ünde kallus oluşumu, % 8.6 ‘sında soğancık oluşumu görüldü.120 günlük inkübasyon süresinin sonunda en iyi sonuç %3 sükroz içeren yüksek sitokininli ortam (1 BA + 0.6 NAA + 0.4 IAA)’da alındı. Bu ortamda soğan eksplantlarının % 96.42’sinde direkt veya endirekt organogenez, geriye kalan % 3.57’sinde sadece kallus oluşumu görüldü. PGR içermeyen temel besi ortamında sükroz bulunmadığı zaman %48.13 oranında kallus oluşumu görülmesine rağmen organogenez gerçekleşmedi. %3 sükroz oranı % 6 sükroza göre kallus + sürgün oluşumunda %147.2, kallus + soğancık oluşumunda %153.3 oranlarında daha fazla etkili oldu. %3 sükroz ve yüksek sitokinin (1 mg/L BA + 0.6 mg/L NAA + 0.4 mg/L IAA) birlikte bulunduğu zaman toplam III organogenez arttı.
    [Show full text]
  • Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants
    eISSN 2234-0742 Genomics Inform 2014;12(3):87-97 G&I Genomics & Informatics http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/GI.2014.12.3.87 REVIEW ARTICLE Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variations in Plants Sung-Il Lee, Nam-Soo Kim* Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea Although the number of protein-coding genes is not highly variable between plant taxa, the DNA content in their genomes is highly variable, by as much as 2,056-fold from a 1C amount of 0.0648 pg to 132.5 pg. The mean 1C-value in plants is 2.4 pg, and genome size expansion/contraction is lineage-specific in plant taxonomy. Transposable element fractions in plant genomes are also variable, as low as ~3% in small genomes and as high as ~85% in large genomes, indicating that genome size is a linear function of transposable element content. Of the 2 classes of transposable elements, the dynamics of class 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons is a major contributor to the 1C value differences among plants. The activity of LTR retrotransposons is under the control of epigenetic suppressing mechanisms. Also, genome-purging mechanisms have been adopted to counter-balance the genome size amplification. With a wealth of information on whole-genome sequences in plant genomes, it was revealed that several genome-purging mechanisms have been employed, depending on plant taxa. Two genera, Lilium and Fritillaria, are known to have large genomes in angiosperms. There were twice times of concerted genome size evolutions in the family Liliaceae during the divergence of the current genera in Liliaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Fritillaria Persica L
    Turk J Bot 34 (2010) 435-440 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1001-2 Male individuals in cultivated Fritillaria persica L. (Liliaceae): real androdioecy or gender disphasy? Elisa MANCUSO, Lorenzo PERUZZI* Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Pisa, ITALY Received: 02.01.2010 Accepted: 28.04.2010 Abstract: In the last twenty years the growing number of studies about the reproductive biology in angiosperms has brought to light new cases of andromonoecy and androdioecy, the rarest sexual models among flowering plants. Female- sterile sexual systems, especially within order Liliales and family Liliaceae, often seem to occur in the particular form of size/age dependent sex allocation, known as “gender disphasy”. The presence of male individuals ofFritillaria persica (Liliaceae) is here documented. Comparative morphological and functional sexual expression of this species, among males and hermaphrodites, was investigated by means of flowers counting, morphometric measurements of plants and pollen-grains, pollen viability and germinability tests, and crossing experiments. The results show that hermaphrodite plants are significantly bigger and produce a higher number of flowers than males. On the other hand, there is no difference either in terms of pollen size or potential male fitness, between the 2 sex types. This suggests the occurrence of gender disphasy in this species, even if our preliminary crossing experiments seem to show an effective higher fitness of male individuals in fertilization. F. persica resulted also partially self-compatible. Our results are discussed in relation to recent findings about andromonoecious and androdioecious breeding systems within Liliales. Key words: Breeding systems, fitness, Liliales, self-compatibility Introduction androdioecy may be explained by a negative The adoption of subdioecious and submonoecious condition, in terms of genetic transmission from male sexual models is rare among angiosperms.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Phylogenetic Classification of the Flowering Plants Robert F
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 13 | Issue 2 Article 8 1992 An Updated Phylogenetic Classification of the Flowering Plants Robert F. Thorne Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Thorne, Robert F. (1992) "An Updated Phylogenetic Classification of the Flowering Plants," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 13: Iss. 2, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol13/iss2/8 ALISO ALISO 13(2), 1992, pp. 365-389 ~Amer. Acad. AN UPDATED PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE FLOWERING PLANTS : Amer. Acad. I ~r. Acad. Arts ROBERT F. THORNE Mem. Amer. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Claremont, California 91711 ABSTRACT This update of my classification of the flowering plants, or Angiospermae, is based upon about 800 pertinent books, monographs, and other botanical papers published since my last synopsis appeared in the Nordic Journal of Science in 1983. Also I have narrowed my family- and ordinal-gap concepts to bring acceptance of family and ordinal limits more in line with those of current taxonomists. This new information and the shift in my phylogenetic philosophy have caused significant changes in my interpretation of relationships and numbers and content of taxa. Also the ending "-anae" has been accepted for superorders in place in the traditional but inappropriate" -iflorae." A new phyletic "shrub" replaces earlier versions, and attempts to indicate relationships among the superorders, orders, and suborders. One table includes a statistical summary of flowering-plant taxa: ca. 235,000 species of 12,615 genera, 440 families, and 711 subfamilies and undivided families in 28 superorders, 70 orders, and 7 5 suborders of Angiospermae.
    [Show full text]