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A New Infrafamilial Taxonomic Setting for Liliaceae, with a Key to Genera and Tribes

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Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 A new infrafamilial taxonomic setting for Liliaceae, with a key to genera and tribes L. Peruzzi To cite this article: L. Peruzzi (2016): A new infrafamilial taxonomic setting for Liliaceae, with a key to genera and tribes, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2015.1115435 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1115435 Published online: 11 Jan 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 29 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tplb20 Download by: [La Trobe University] Date: 22 February 2016, At: 03:53 Plant Biosystems, 2016 http:/dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1115435 A new infrafamilial taxonomic setting for Liliaceae, with a key to genera and tribes L. PERUZZI* Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy Abstract Based on currently available morphological, karyological, and phylogenetic information, a taxonomic setting of Liliaceae is provided. The family is here organized in 6 tribes, for a total of 15 genera and about 900 species. An identification key for tribes and genera is also provided. Keywords: Calochorteae, Liliales, Lilieae, Medeoleae, monocots, Streptopeae, taxonomy, Tricyrtideae, Tulipeae Luke 12: 27 Consider the lilies, how they grow: they 2003, 2009). The genera belonging to families with- neither toil nor spin; but I tell you, not even Solomon in in Asparagales are marked by the presence of septal all his glory clothed himself like one of these nectaries at the base of ovary, by seeds dark brown to blackish, rich in phytomelan, with cells of the outer coat collapsed (Dahlgren et al. 1985). By contrast, Introduction according to the same authors, the genera belonging to families within Liliales show nectaries on tepals, The family Liliaceae was subjected to several – even seeds light brown, lacking phytomelan, with cells of dramatic – circumscription changes over the last 2–3 the outer coat intact. Notably exceptions to this rule decades (see, Peruzzi et al. 2009 for a short review). are Iridaceae and Orchidaceae, currently placed in However, a general agreement concerning the in- Asparagales on phylogenetic grouds (Chase et al. cluded taxonomic groups and its sister relationship 1995; APG 1998, 2003, 2009), but placed with- with Smilacaceae, within Liliales, has been reached in Liliales by Dahlgren et al. (1985), based on the in the last 20 years (Chase et al. 1995; APG 1998, above-cited character states. However, Iridaceae and 2003, 2009; Patterson & Givnish 2002; Fay et al. Orchidaceae have three to two–one stamens, respec- 2006; Leitch et al. 2007; Peruzzi et al. 2009; Kim tively, and both have inferior ovary (Goldblatt et al. et al. 2013; Petersen et al. 2013). In particular, the 1998; Vogel 1998), while Liliales have mostly superi- Downloaded by [La Trobe University] at 03:53 22 February 2016 most important papers providing a strong phylogenetic or ovary or, if inferior, have six stamens (Vogel 1998). backbone for the family are those of Patterson and Liliaceae are easy to distinguish from the remain- Givnish (2002), Fay et al. (2006), Kim et al. (2013), ing nine families presently recognized in Liliales and Petersen et al. (2013); the first authors focused (APG 2009), thanks to several evident morphological on Liliaceae, the others with Liliales but with a large features. They share the absence of leaf base sheath- sampling of genera and families. ing with Philesiaceae, Rhipogonaceae, and Smi- Traditional angiosperm classifications used to in- lacaceae, but Liliaceae are never climbers or shrubs clude most of the monocots bearing showy flowers as the three above-cited families, or even as Alstro- with six tepals, six stamens, and a trilocular superior emeriaceae (tribe Luzuriageae) and Petermanniace- ovary in Liliaceae (e.g. Cronquist 1981). Since the ae (Conran 1998; Conran & Clifford 1998a, 1998b, seminal studies of Dahlgren et al. (1985), the genera 1998c). In addition, Liliaceae are never parasitic formerly classified under Liliaceae have been distrib- plants as Corsiaceae (Neinhuis & Ibisch 1998); they uted among many smaller families organized in two have not inferior ovary as Alstroemeriaceae (tribe Al- main orders: Asparagales and Liliales (APG 1998, stroemerieae), Corsiaceae, and Campynemataceae Correspondence: Lorenzo Peruzzi, Dipartimento di Biologia, Unita di Botanica, Universita di Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Email: lorenzo.peruzzi@ unipi.it © 2016 Societa Botanica Italiana 2 L. Peruzzi (Bayer 1998; Kubitzki 1998; Neinhuis & Ibisch 1. Tribe Streptopeae Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1998); they do not show resupinate leaves as most 14: 522. 1875. (Figure 1A–C) Alstroemeriaceae (Bayer 1998; Conran & Clifford 1998a); they lack cells with raphide crystals, occur- = Scoliopeae Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 509. ring in Melanthiaceae (Tamura 1998c, 1998d) and, 1875. finally, show anthers extrorse, and not mostly int- = Scoliopinae S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: rorse as in Colchicaceae (Nordenstam 1998). 222. 1879. Liliaceae as currently circumscribed include sev- = Streptopoideae Mabberley ex Reveal, Phytoneu- eral plants of relevant economic importance for their ron 2012–37: 219. 2012. [23 Apr 2012] remarkable beauty, such as Calochortus (American lily – C. nuttallii Torr. is the official flower of Utah, Included genera: Prosartes D.Don (6 species), USA and its bulbs are also edible), Tricyrtis, Fritillar- Scoliopus Torr. (2 species), Streptopus Michx. (7 ia, Tulipa, Lilium, one of the oldest ornamental plants species) of the Western world being indeed L. candidum L. Plants herbaceous, never climbers, rhizomatous; Some species of Calochortus, Cardiocrinum, Fritil- fruit a berry or a capsule (in Scoliopus); monosporic laria, Gagea (incl. Lloydia), Lilium, Notholirion, and embryo-sac formation of Polygonum-type, nucel- Tulipa are edible or used as drugs, especially in Asia la with long basal part, placentation axile (Tamura (Tamura 1998a, 1998b). 1998b); chromosomes generally short 1–5 μm (but However, a critical, integrative, and supported 5–13 μm in Scoliopus); genome size 4–15(30) pg, infrafamiliar taxonomic setting is still missing. This x = 7–9: x = 8(9) in Prosartes, x = 8–9 in Scoliopus, is exactly the aim of this paper, which takes into ac- x = (7)8 in Streptopus (Peruzzi et al. 2009). count the morphological, karyological, and phyloge- The tribe Streptopeae represents one of the ear- netic information available in the literature. liest branching lineages within Liliaceae, for which some authors suggest a sister relationship with Calo- chortus + Tricyrtis (Patterson & Givnish 2002), others Taxonomic setting with Tricyrtis (Kim et al. 2013) or with Calochortus Family Liliaceae Juss., Gen. Pl.: 48. 1789. nom. cons. (Fay et al. 2006) only. Despite this, the established phylogenetic relationships among the three genera = Tulipaceae Batsch, Dispos. Gen. Pl. Jenens.: 48. are the following (Patterson & Givnish 2002; Fay 1786. et al. 2006; Kim et al. 2013): ((Prosartes, Scoliopus), = Erythroniaceae Martynov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: Streptopus). 238. 1820. 2. Tribe Calochorteae Melchior, Pflanzenfam. = Calochortaceae Dumort., Anal. Fam. Pl.: 53. ed 12, 2: 520. 1964. (Figure 1D) 1829. = Fritillariaceae Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 56. 1866. = Calochortoideae Thorne & Reveal ex Reveal, Phy- = Medeolaceae. S.Watson in Takht., Sist. Magnoli- toneuron 2012–37: 216. 2012. [23 Apr 2012] of.: 291, 31. 1987. Included genera: Calochortus Pursh. (ca. 65 = Scoliopaceae Takht., Bot. Zhurn. Moscow & Len- species) Downloaded by [La Trobe University] at 03:53 22 February 2016 ingrad. 81(2): 86. 1996. Plants herbaceous, never climbers, bulbous; fruit = Tricyrtidaceae Takht., Divers. Classif. Fl. Pl.: 482. a septicide capsule; monosporic embryo-sac forma- 1997. nom. cons. tion of Polygonum-type, nucella with long basal part, placentation axile (Tamura 1998b); chromosomes Plants herbaceous, never climbers or shrubs, nev- generally short, 1–6(13) μm; genome size 4–15(30) er parasitic, bulbous or rhizomatous; leaf sheaths ab- pg, x = 6–10 (Peruzzi et al. 2009). sent, leaves never resupinate; flowers with two whorls The tribe Calochorteae represents a lineage cer- of 3 + 3 tepals, two whorls of 3 + 3 stamens (rare- tainly distinct from others, but of uncertain phy- ly reduced to one), with extrorse anthers, syncarpic logenetic placement: sister to Tricyrtis for Patterson superior ovary made up of three carpels; presence and Givnish (2002) and Petersen et al. (2013), sister of nectaries on tepals; hermaphrodite (rarely male to Streptopeae for Fay et al. (2006), or even sister sterile, but relatively often female sterile) flowers; to Medeoleae + Lilieae + Tulipeae for Kim et al. fruit a capsule (loculicide, septicide) or a berry; (2013). Concerning the phylogenetic relationships seeds light brown, lacking phytomelan, with cells of among species within Calochortus, a detailed cpDNA the outer coat intact; cells lacking raphide crystals; phylogeny is available (Patterson & Givnish 2004). monosporic or tetrasporic embryo-sac formation (Tamura 1998a, 1998b; Peruzzi et al. 2012; Zhang 3. Tribe Tricyrtideae [Trycirteae] K.Krause in En- et
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    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
  • Pollen Morphology of Erythronium L. (Liliaceae) and Its Systematic Relationships

    Pollen Morphology of Erythronium L. (Liliaceae) and Its Systematic Relationships

    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(2)1833-1838, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Pollen Morphology of Erythronium L. (Liliaceae) and its Systematic Relationships Sayed-Mohammad Masoumi Department of Plant Protection, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran ABSTRACT Pollen morphology of three genus of Erythronium was studied by the Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Sulcus long reaching the ends of the grains, with operculum (E. giganteum, E. sibiricum) or without it (E. caucasicum). With surface latticed ornamentation and large lattice, thickness of muri and size of Lumina in E. sibiricum are widely varied. Also, most palynomorphological characteristics of the data transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed no strong differences between E. caucasicum and E. sibiricum, , but these species are well distinguished from E. giganteum according to ectexine thickness (thickness of the tectum and the foot layer), shape and diameter of the caput, height and width of the columella. KEY WORDS: Caput; Columella; Exine ornamentation; intine; Microrelief; Pollen grain; Tectum. INTRODUCTION Takhtajan, 1987 indicated that the genus of Erythronium in Tribe Tulipeae is of the Liliaceae family. Different sources have considered the species number of this genus varied from 24-30. Baranova (1999) introduced 24 species for this genus, of which 20 species were spread in North America. Allen et al. (2003) examined the genus of Erythronium, Amana, and Tulipa using the DNA sequences from the chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Palynomorphological characters of 20 different pollen species of Erythronium were evaluated by different researchers (Ikuse, 1965; Beug (1963); Radulescu, 1973; Nakamura, 1980; Schulze, 1980; Kuprianova, 1983; Takahashi (1987); Kosenko, 1991b, 1992, 1996, 1999; Maassoumi, 2005a, 2005b, 2007).
  • Advances in Alstroemeria Biotechnology

    Advances in Alstroemeria Biotechnology

    Title Advances in Alstroemeria Biotechnology Author(s) Hoshino, Yoichiro Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology : Advances and Topical Issues, Vol. 5. pp.540-547, Chapter 51. Citation ISBN: 978-4-903313-12-2 Issue Date 2008-05 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34118 Type bookchapter File Information FOPB5-51Hoshi08.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ® 51 Advances in Alstroemeria Biotechnology Yoichiro Hoshino1,2* 1 Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 11, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan 2 Division of Innovative Research, Creative Research Initiative ‘Sousei’ (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan Correspondence: * [email protected] Keywords: genetic transformation, interspecific hybridization, tissue culture ABSTRACT The genus Alstroemeria belongs to the family Alstroemeriaceae and comprises many ornamental species. This genus, including more than 60 species, is indigenous to South America. Thus far, numerous cultivars, which are used as cut flowers and potted plants worldwide, have been produced by interspecific hybridization and mutation breeding. Recently, biotechnological approaches are being applied in order to improve Alstroemeria strains. Interspecific hybrid plants have been produced by ovule cultures. By improving certain culture techniques, sexual incompatibility was overcome in some cross combinations using ovule cultures. Plant regeneration systems that involved the use of explants, immature ovules, leaves, etc., through callus cultures have been reported. Isolation of protoplasts and cultures resulting in plant regeneration were achieved by using the embryogenic callus. Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated procedures were applied for genetic transformation, and some transformed plants with marker genes were produced.