PRINCESS REPRESENTATION IN DISNEY’S MOVIE BRAVE A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Strata 1 (S1) Ega Dwi Rakhmawati NIM. 1110026000047 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 ABSTRACT Ega Dwi Rakhmawati, NIM: 1110026000047, Princess Representation in Disney’s Movie Brave. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta 2015. Brave (2012) movie directed by Mark Andrews and Brenda Champman is the unit of analysis in this research. The aims of this research is to observe the different princess representation in Brave movie by analyzing her characteristic and defining it through representation concept by Stuart Hall. The research findings show that Princess Merida is dissimilar from other classic Disney princess. The writer uses qualitative descriptive method to reveal the findings. All data are collected from the dialogue, the picture taken from the movie, and the movie script to support the analysis. The result shows that Princess Merida is disparate with other classic Disney princess which can be seen through her characteristic, habit, and appearance. Princess Merida is a manly princess who tries to break tradition to gain her freedom in choosing her own destiny. Keywords: Representation, Disney, Princess, Brave. i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, August 2015 Ega Dwi Rakhmawati iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirahmanirahim. First and the foremost, the writer would like to give most appreciation and her gratitude to Allah SWT., the most beneficent, the most merciful. The writer sure cannot finish this research without His blessing. Then, peace and blessing be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW, who brings us from the darkness to the lightness, and also all of His followers. Secondly, the writer would like to send her grateful to her precious parents Mr. Giarto and Mrs. Elly Mulyani for giving their best supports mentally and financially as well as raising the writer and make her who she is now. Her beloved brother Ali Rianto Yuliawan, thank you for being a great brother for her. Also, her grandmother Mrs. Hj. Muriati, thank you for the endless prayer. Next, the writer would like to give thanks to her advisors, Mrs. Pita Merdeka, M.A. and Mr. Akhmad Zakky, M.Hum. for giving their times, patience, guidance, and advise during this research. May Allah bless them and their families. Last, but not least, the writer would like to give her deep and sincere gratitude to: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag., The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Humanities. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the Secretary of English Letters Department. v 4. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum. and Arief Rahman Hakim, M.Hum. as the examiners of this thesis. Thank you for the time and advice during this research. 5. Lecturers in English Letters Department for their valuable knowledge. 6. Dearest friends from Happy C Family and Literature class, especially Deri Indrya Santhi, Fadilah Mahmudah, Dian Agustina, Lala Nufaelah, Lestari Rejeki, Nuraini Rismawati, and all of her friends in university who cannot mentioned one by one. Thank you for the friendship, happiness, advice, and everything they give to the writer. 7. All people who helped the writer in finishing this thesis, thank you for their kindness. May Allah give them His blessing and success in the future. Jakarta, August 2015 Ega Dwi Rakhmawati vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT …………………………………………………...………………….i APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………..………………………......ii LEGALIZATION ……...………………...…………………………………......iii DECLARATION …………………………………………...…………………...iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………………………...…………v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………...vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………......1 A. Background of the Study ……………...………………………...1 B. Focus of the Research ………………………………………..…6 C. Research Question …………………………………………...….6 D. The Objective of the Research ……………………………….....6 E. Significance of the Research ………………………………...….7 F. Research Methodology ………………………………………….7 1. Method of the Research ……………………..….7 2. Technique of the Analysis …………………...….8 3. Unit of the Analysis …………………………….9 4. Instrument of the Research …………………...…9 5. Time and Place of the Research ……………..….9 6. Research Design …………………………….....10 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK …………………………....11 A. Previous Research ……………………………………………..11 B. Character and Characterization ……………………………..…12 vii C. Representation ………………………………………………....17 D. Princess Representation in Disney’s Princesses Movie ……….20 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS …………...………………………...24 A. The Characteristic and Characterization in Princess Merida .....24 B. The Representation of Princess Seen from Princess Merida…..40 1. Princess Merida as an Independent Princess …...….41 2. Princess Merida as an Inattentive Princess ………..44 3. Princess Merida as an Unconventional Princess …..52 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ……………………….57 A. Conclusion ……………………………………………………..57 B. Suggestion ……………………………………………………..58 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………...59 APPENDIX ….………………………………………………………………….61 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Fairy tale is a story that many parents tell to their children before they go to bed. Fairy tales are generally confused with one another and taken as make- believe stories with no direct reference to a particular community or historical tradition.1 According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, fairy tale is a story (as for children) involving fantastic forces and beings (as fairies, wizards, and goblins).2 The end of the fairy tales is usually happy ending and it also has meaning or moral value that can be a lesson for children. Fairy tale is just like folklore which sometimes delivers people to people and also has many versions or adaptations. As for example is Brothers Grimm3 who collects all the famous fairy tales around Europe. The oldest fairy tales were told and retold for generations before they were written down. French fairy tales were the first to be collected and written down, 1 Jack Zipes, Breaking The Magic Spell: Radical Theories of Folk & Fairy Tales Revised and Expanded edition, (Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky 2002), p. 6 2Merriam Webster Dictionary, retrieved from http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/fairy%20tale accessed on April 27th, 2015. 3Brothers Grimm contains two siblings, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. They both are probably the best known story tellers in the world. Many years have passed since the time Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm released their "Children's and household tales". The first Volume of Grimm's fairy tales was released in 1812, and the second - in 1814. They kept updating their collection with newly gathered and recorded fairy tales. In their lifetime, the fairy tale collection was translated into almost all European languages, while the German version already had six editions. (Written by Viktor Andonov at http://www.worldoftales.com/fairy_tales/Grimm_fairy_tales.html accessed on December 29th, 2013) 1 2 but now we can read fairy tales from almost any culture.4 Long time ago the media that used to tell fairy tale is a book, but over the times fairy tale is also delivered by movies. Movie is a series of moving pictures, usually shown in a cinema or on television and often telling a story.5 The writer choose movie to be analyzed in this research is because movie is also part of literature. As Arnheim stated that movie resembles painting, music, literature, and the dance in this respect—it is a medium that may, but need not, be used to produce artistic results.6 Movie is generally watched to be enjoyed. However, as a researcher of literature, movie can also be used as objects of research, as the writer does now. In Sumarno’s book untitled Dasar-Dasar Apresiasi Film, he divided movie into three kinds: film cerita (fiction movie), film noncerita (non-fiction movie), and film eksperimental dan film animasi (experimental movie and animation movie).7 In this research, the writer will use the third kind of movie that is animation movie. Animation movie is commonly depicted about anything that has soul and characters, such as prince and princess story, animal, plants, etc. In this case, the writer uses movie which tells about the living of princess. Since previous years, many fairy tales made into movie as the Walt Disney did. Walt Disney has made a lot of movies taken from the adaptation of fairy tales such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Cinderella (1950), Beauty and 4Discovering Fairy Tales, retrieved from http://teacher.scholastic.com/writewit/mff/fairytales_discovering.htm accessed on April 27th, 2015. 5Elizabeth Walter, Cambridge Advance Learner Dictionary 3rd Edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008) 6 Rudolf Arnheim, Film as Art (London: University of California Press, Ltd., 1957), p. 8 7 Marselli Sumarno, Dasar-Dasar Apresiasi Film (Jakarta:PT. Grasindo, 1996), p.10. 3 the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and others. The story of Walt Disney’s princess