Tetralogy of Fallot

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Department Of Health and Mental Hygiene Prevention and Health Promotion Administration Office for Genetics and People with Special Health Care Needs Tetralogy of Fallot What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Heart defect which is present at birth (congenital) Most common type of critical congenital heart defect Consists of four defects of the heart and the major blood vessels: 1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) - a hole between the right and left ventricles (bottom chambers) of the heart 2. Narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract - the valve and artery that connects the heart with the lungs 3. Overriding Aorta - aorta usually takes oxygen rich blood to the body from the left ventricle to the body. An overriding aorta is shifted and takes blood from the right and left ventricles, reducing the amount of oxygen in the blood that goes to the body 4. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy - thickened wall of the right ventricle What is the cause of Tetralogy of Fallot? There is no known cause, but there are certain risk factors which will increase the chance of this condition occurring: 1. Drinking alcohol regularly during pregnancy 2. Maternal diabetes 3. Mother’s age (over 40) 4. Poor nutrition during pregnancy 5. Rubella or other viral illnesses during pregnancy Infants born with Tetralogy of Fallot are more likely to have chromosomal (genetic) disorders such as Down Syndrome or DiGeorge Syndrome Signs and Symptoms Bluish skin color, especially around lips and fingernails Clubbing of fingers (broadening and blunting of tips) Poor feeding and poor growth Fainting episodes How is Tetralogy of Fallot treated? Medicines are often used to improve blood flow and circulation. Surgical treatment is needed to increase blood flow to the lungs and there may be a later surgery to correct blood flow problems. Support Groups and Online Resources Congenital Heart Disease Information and Resources http://www.tchin.org/ 1-609-822-1572 Little Hearts Inc. www.littlehearts.org 1-866-435-4673 March of Dimes www.marchofdimes.com 1-410-546-2241 Office for Genetics and People with Special Health Care Needs phpa.dhmh.maryland.gov/genetics/ 1-855-535-5655 The Parents’ Place Of Maryland www.ppmd.org 1-410-768-9100 .

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Coarctation of the Aorta Interrupted Aortic Arch
T HE P EDIATRIC C ARDIAC S URGERY I NQUEST R EPORT Coarctation of the aorta In the normal heart, blood flows to the body through the aorta, which connects to the left ven- tricle and arches over the top of the heart.In coarc- tation of the aorta,the aorta is pinched (in medical terms, coarcted) at a point somewhere along its length. This pinching restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Often, the baby also has other heart defects, such as a narrowing of the aortic arch (in medical terms,transverse aortic arch hypoplasia). Usually no symptoms are apparent at birth, but can develop within a week of birth with the closure of the ductus arteriosus. The possible conse- Diagram 2.9 Coarctation of the aorta quences of this condition are poor feeding, an 1 – pinched or coarcted aorta enlarged heart, an enlarged liver and congestive Flow patterns are normal but are reduced below the coarctation. Blood pressure is increased in ves- heart failure. Blood pressure also increases above sels leaving the aorta above the coarctation. The the constriction. broken white arrow indicates diminished blood flow through the aorta. Timing of surgery depends on the degree of coarctation. Surgery may be delayed with mild coarctation (which sometimes is not detected until adoles- cence). However, if a baby develops congestive heart failure or high blood pressure, early surgery is usually required. A baby with severe coarctation should have early surgery to prevent long-term high blood pres- sure. The coarctation can be repaired in a number of ways without opening the heart.The surgeon can remove the narrowed part of the aorta and sew the ends together, thereby creating an anastomosis.
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Pulmonary-Atresia-Mapcas-Pavsdmapcas.Pdf
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Prenatal Diagnosis, Associated Findings and Postnatal Outcome Of
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Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)
Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) Vita Zīdere, MD FRCP Consultant Paediatric and Fetal Cardiologist • Complex lesion, represents 3 % of CHD seen in fetus • Both Great Arteries arise completely or predominantly from the morphological right ventricle • Associates with increased NT, genetic and extracardiac anomalies • Double outlet right ventricle is a spectrum of abnormalities • almost always has a VSD • heterogeneous with respect to size and position of VSD and relationship of GA • individual anatomy dictates surgical approach and outcome • It poses a number of challenges • Definition • Anatomic Variability (incl. normal or abnormal AV connections) • Surgical options DORV TOF type DORV “Simple” DORV Complex DORV Always VSD: Unbalanced Ventricles AVSD (often RAI or LAI) subaortic, MV atresia subpulmonary or uncommitted; Coarctation, IAA +/-PS Discordant AV connections Criss-cross heart Normal atrial situs Patent, concordant AV connections DORV Overriding aorta Both GA (parallel) from RV “50 % rule” Subpulmonary, subaortic or uncommitted VSD TOF type DORV Anatomical repair- Repair depends from GA relationship with VSD VSD closure & PS release LV to Ao baffle ASO with baffling VSD to neo-Ao Rarely BV repair is unfeasible L G Price 2004 G Price • True override is independent of septal axis • postnatally is assessed relative to chord of circle in short axis* *BR Wilcox, AC Cook, RH Anderson. Surgical anatomy of the heart,2004 Double Outlet Right ventricle v. Tetralogy of Fallot L L R R • Perimembranous VSD, overriding aorta • Pulmonary artery
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Tetralogy of Fallot.” These Podcasts Are Designed to Give Medical Students an Overview of Key Topics in Pediatrics
PedsCases Podcast Scripts This is a text version of a podcast from Pedscases.com on “Tetralogy of Fallot.” These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview of key topics in pediatrics. The audio versions are accessible on iTunes or at www.pedcases.com/podcasts. Tetralogy of Fallot Developed by Katie Girgulis, Dr. Andrew Mackie, and Dr. Karen Forbes for PedsCases.com. April 14, 2017 Introduction Hello, my name is Katie Girgulis and I am a medical student at the University of Alberta. This podcast was developed with the help of Dr. Andrew Mackie and Dr. Karen Forbes. Dr. Mackie is a pediatric cardiologist at the Stollery Children’s Hospital, and Dr. Forbes is a pediatrician and medical educator at the Stollery Children’s Hospital. This podcast is about the cardiac condition Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). For teaching on the general approach to pediatric heart murmurs, please check out the ‘Evaluation of a Heart Murmur’ podcast on Pedscases.com. Slide 2 Learning Objectives By the end of this podcast, the learner will be able to: 1) Recognize the clinical presentations of ToF 2) Describe the four anatomical characteristics of ToF 3) Describe the pathophysiology of the murmur in ToF 4) Formulate initial steps when ToF is suspected 5) Delineate the treatment of hypercyanotic episodes 6) Summarize the definitive treatment for ToF Slide 3 Case – Baby Josh Let’s start with a clinical case: You are working with Dr. Smith, a family physician, during your family medicine rotation. Josh is a 4-month-old infant who is here for a well-baby check.
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Association of Hand Anomalies with Congenital Heart Lesions in Mentally Retarded, State- Institutionalized Patients Marian Grace Jordison Yale University
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Congenital Heart Defects
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