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Between Scotland and Norway: Connected Cultures and Intercultural Encounters, 1700-Present

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UHI Thesis - pdf download summary Between Scotland and Norway: connected cultures and intercultural encounters after 1700 Reeploeg, Silke DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. Users may download and print one copy of any thesis from the UHI Research Database for the not-for-profit purpose of private study or research on the condition that: 1) The full text is not changed in any way 2) If citing, a bibliographic link is made to the metadata record on the the UHI Research Database 3) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 4) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that any data within this document represents a breach of copyright, confidence or data protection please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 Between Scotland and Norway: connected cultures and intercultural encounters 1700-Present Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen by Silke Reeploeg February 2017 Contents Illustrations .............................................................................................................. 3 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 5 Publications and Public Engagement ....................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 11 1.1 Summary .......................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................ 13 1.3 Form and Content ............................................................................................ 17 Chapter 2. Background ...................................................................................... 20 2.1 Literature Review & Reflections ..................................................................... 20 2.2 Methodology .................................................................................................... 29 2.3 Sources ............................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 3. Northern Histories and Identities ..................................................... 45 3.1 Historical Background, 1700-1900 .................................................................. 46 Entangled Histories: Scotland and Norway ........................................................... 47 Scotland ................................................................................................................. 50 Norway ................................................................................................................... 65 3.2 Chronologies and Geographies ........................................................................ 73 The Idea of the North ............................................................................................. 76 Northern Encounters ............................................................................................ 105 The past re-constructed: the role of Antiquarians ................................................ 107 3.3 Spatial identities and connected cultures ....................................................... 135 1 Spatial identities ................................................................................................... 135 Connected cultures ............................................................................................... 143 Language and landscape ...................................................................................... 164 Chapter 4. Sievægin: Flows of People, Objects, Narratives, 1700-Present .... 176 4.1 People ............................................................................................................. 177 Social Change and Trade ..................................................................................... 178 The role of women ............................................................................................... 182 Scots in Norway ................................................................................................... 188 4.2 Objects ........................................................................................................... 209 Connected places: the cultural impact of fishing ................................................. 210 Shared objects, different contexts ........................................................................ 222 Intercultural objects and coastal heritage ............................................................. 231 4.3 Narratives: Intangible links between Scotland and Norway .......................... 240 Heritage narratives: museum collections as cultural mediators ........................... 242 Connected narratives: Intercultural Voices in Regional Literature ..................... 251 Travel Narratives and Other Literary Cross-Currents ......................................... 256 Chapter 5. Conclusion ..................................................................................... 273 References ............................................................................................................ 279 Appendix I (Historical Maps & Charts) .............................................................. 298 Appendix II (Publications) ................................................................................... 302 2 Illustrations Figure 1: Norwegian Sea Map, cropped and adapted to highlight the main regions and places mentioned in the text. CC BY-SA 3.0 [Online] Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=292869 [Accessed 20 February 2017]. Figure 2: Cover of Munro, A. (2012) Small Boats of Shetland, Unst Heritage Centre [Online] Available at: http://www.unstheritage.com/web/shop [Accessed 22 March 2016]. Figure 3: North Cape (Nordkapp) Lofoten Islands, Norway. Photo by the author. Figure 4: Strøm, H., Kort over Sondmør (Copenhagen, 1762). Courtesy of the National Library of Norway, public domain. For a larger version, see Appendix I. Figure 5: Gifford, T. (1733) The Isles of Zetland, it's Extent and Division into Parishes, Shetland Museum and Archives, P00191. For a larger version, see Appendix I. Figure 6: Historical Chart Sjøkart over Nordsjøen og Kattegat, 1796. Stavanger, Statents Kartverk Sjø [Online] Available: http://commons.wikimedia.org/. [Accessed on 22 March 2016]. For a larger version of this chart see Appendix I. Figure 7: Preston, T.A. (1781) New Hydrographical Survey of the Islands of Shetland, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. For a larger version of this chart see Appendix I. Figure 8: Norwa Bøst, Shetland Museum Photographic Collection, 00960 (2003). Imported goods (container) Delting, 1740s, donated by Seymour Tait, Scalloway. CON 65188. Figure 9: Tine, Sogn Folkemuseum, West Norway (Digitalarkiv). Figure 10: Ditty Box, Corrigal Farm Museum. Photo by the author. 3 Lofoten Islands Trondheim Bergen Orkney Islands SCOTLAND Flensburg Figure 1: Norwegian Sea Map, cropped and adapted to highlight the main regions and places mentioned in the text. CC BY-SA 3.0 [Online] Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=292869 [Accessed 20 February 2017]. 4 Abstract The history and culture of Scotland has been shaped by its relationships with other cultures across Northern Europe, in particular with continental Europe and Scandinavia. This thesis examines intercultural encounters evident in the historical, material and literary cultures of coastal communities in Scotland and Norway, demonstrating the existence of a shared, transnational Nordic/Northern cultural region after 1700. The main aim of the research contained in this thesis was to establish how transnational cultural regions are created and maintained between Scotland and Norway after 1700. Using local case studies, the research aims to capture intercultural histories and diffuse socio-cultural dynamics, and set them in the context of nation- and region-building during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The analysis has therefore focused both on historical and socio- political conditions, but also the everyday experience of people living in regional communities, and how they participate in the construction of connected transnational memory spaces. Using an interdisciplinary methodology in order to investigate the relationship between culture and history, this thesis utilises intercultural links in order to relate to wider perspectives of how regions of
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