Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker

Washington University Record Washington University Publications

2-21-2003 Washington University Record, February 21, 2003

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record

Recommended Citation "Washington University Record, February 21, 2003" (2003). Washington University Record. Book 959. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/959

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington University Publications at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Record by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Medical News: Researchers decipher Q Assembly Series: Economy, stock market Washington People: Mae Gordon cause of parasite's worldwide spread O experts gather Feb. 26 at Graham Chapel finds satisfaction in hard work 8

Feb. 21,2003 Volume 27 No. 21 Washington University in St Louis Campaign tops $1.3 billion goal deserving young man or woman leaders from across the country University to continue efforts will ever have to turn down the Campaign FOR — carefully examined each area opportunity for a Washington Washington of the University. They identified University education because he University more than $1.5 billion in high- to fund remaining objectives or she doesn't have the money; A PARTNERSHIPW FOR THE JlU CENTURY priority needs and opportunities • New academic initiatives; for necessary for the University to BY MARVIN R. MEINZ the more than 80,000 alumni and example, in cancer research at the Advanced Medicine, and reconfig- maximize its service both to its friends who are already partici- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at ured and refurbished Bixby and students and the wider world When the University officially pating in the campaign, we have the School of Medicine and Givens halls. early in the 21st century. closed the books on the reached this impressive milestone Barnes-Jewish Hospital, in inter- "Much has already been Trustees then decided to 2002 calendar year, gifts and 18 months ahead of schedule. national law at the Whitney R. accomplished," Wrighton said, launch the Campaign for Wash- commitments to the Campaign for "And we are most grateful." Harris Institute for Global Legal "but there are high priorities we ington University to secure the Washington University totaled The early impact of gifts and Studies in the School of Law, in set in Project 21 that are still to be necessary resources to address $1,303,616,843 — some $3 million commitments to the campaign biomedical engineering, in fully funded. As my predecessor those priorities. more than the $1.3 billion goal of are benefiting both the Hilltop American Culture Studies in Arts Bill Danforth often said, A great "The importance of this cam- the campaign that is scheduled to and the Medical campuses. & Sciences, and in visual arts and university is a work in progress.' paign is not in the dollars raised, run until June 30, 2004. Among the many examples are: design; and That is certainly the case at but in the opportunities it is Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton • 115 new endowed professor- • New construction and reno- Washington University." opening up to our students and said, "Thanks to the leadership of ships that are helping the vation of existing facilities to sup- Project 21, started in 1993, was faculty," emphasized Trustee Sam Sam Fox and John McDonnell, co- University to attract and retain port teaching, research and schol- the most intensive planning Fox, chairman and chief executive chairs of the campaign, and the outstanding senior and junior arship; for example, the new process ever undertaken by the officer of Harbour Group Ltd., members of the Campaign Steering scholars and teachers; Charles F. Knight Executive University. The Board of Trustees, who is heading the public phase Committee, to the enthusiastic • $143.1 million in new Education Center, Uncas A. deans, faculty and the National of the campaign. efforts of our many volunteers, and endowment for scholarships and Whitaker Hall for Biomedical Councils — made up of some 300 "The dollars are only enablers; to the unprecedented generosity of fellowships to help ensure that no Engineering, the Center for alumni, academics and corporate See Campaign, Page 6 Hypertension Possible new mechanism discovered

BY DARRELL E. WARD treatment for that individual." Blood pressure is the force Genetic differences that prevent exerted by the blood against tiny blood vessels from relax- artery walls. Nearly one in four ing. may be one reason why some adults in the United States is esti- people have high blood pressure, mated to have above-normal or hypertension, according to blood pressure. research led by scientists in the The condition is most com- School of Medicine. mon in African-Americans and The findings are published in the elderly. Uncontrolled high the February issue of the Journal blood pressure greatly increases of Clinical Investigation. risk of stroke, atherosclerosis, "These findings provide new heart attack and kidney failure, insights into the cause of hyper- and it can aggravate symptoms of tension and how normal blood diabetes. pressure is regulated," said lead Several classes of drugs are investigator Kendall J. Blumer, available to treat high blood pres- Ph.D., professor of cell biology sure, but there is no way to deter- and physiology. "This may lead to mine which drug will best help a way of determining the under- particular patients because the Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton (right) presents Elizabeth (Ibby) Danforth with a memento during a lying cause of a person's hyper- underlying cause of the disease is Feb. 17 ceremony at Harbison House that honored her and husband William H. Danforth (left), recipi- tension and the most effective See Hypertension, Page 6 ents of the Jane and Whitney Harris St. Louis Community Service Award. Selection committee chair Lou Fusz Jr. looks on. Danf orths receive Harris community service award

BY BARBARA REA with the Harris' stipulations. plary generosity." William Danforth, chancellor The Women's Society of The Jane and Whitney Harris emeritus and vice chairman of Washington University (WSWU) St. Louis Community Service the Board of Trustees, said, "Ibby established its scholarship fund in Award, a generous and unique act and I are very honored. Our good 1976 to benefit community col- of philanthropy that provides friends Jane Harris and Whitney lege transfer students. In 1995, financial support for area charita- Harris set the example for this the fund was named in honor of ble organizations, has been prize. They tirelessly worked Elizabeth Danforth as an expres- awarded this year to Elizabeth together as a team for the benefit sion of gratitude for all she did as (Ibby) and William H. Danforth of St. Louis and for countless the University's "first lady" during and will support The Women's other worthy causes. That is why the 24 years that her husband Society of Washington this award means so much." served as its chancellor. University's Elizabeth Gray The award and prize were pre- Indeed, the award is a fitting Danforth Scholarship Fund. sented by Chancellor Mark S. tribute to a St. Louisan who has In 1999, Whitney and the late Wrighton and selection commit- done so much for many civic, Jane Harris established an annual tee chair Lou Fusz Jr. at a ceremo- educational and cultural organi- gift to a St. Louis husband and ny Feb. 17 at Harbison House, at zations in her hometown. wife who are dedicated to which both Whitney and his wife, Elizabeth Danforth has been a Bridging GAPS Joyce Divine (left), graduate student in bio- improving the St. Louis region. the former Anna Galakatos, were loyal alumna of John Burroughs chemistry and Graduate-Professional Council president, receives a Bridges Award for Student Leadership from The cash prize of $25,000 is desig- present. School and has served as a mem- Bridging GAPS committee member Gloria Fawcett Feb. 12 at nated to an organization of the ber of its board of trustees and its During the presentation, the Second Annual Bridging GAPS Forum and Awards alumni board, receiving the John couple's choosing. Wrighton said: "We are delighted Ceremony. Bridging GAPS was designed to recognize and pro- The University is charged with that the selection committee Burroughs Outstanding Alumni mote communication and collaboration between graduate stu- administering the awards pro- chose Bill and Ibby Danforth, Award in 1989. In addition, she is dents and graduate and professional schools at the University. gram, and it is open to all hus- whose extraordinary acts of gen- past president of the Wellesley Divine was recognized for her campus-wide leadership involv- band-wife couples in the St. Louis erosity are legendary, even in a Club of St. Louis and received her ing GPC, Bridging GAPS and the Frequent Fitness Program. metropolitan area, in accordance city known for its citizens' exem- See Harris, Page 7 2 RECORD WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS WUSTL joins other schools in supporting affirmative action

Washington University is factors that contribute to each one of 37 private colleges student's perspective and en- and universities nation- riches interactions among stu- wide to join Carnegie Mellon dents. ... University in filing an amicus "For Amici, the essential ques- curiae (friend of the court) brief tion is whether our nation desires to the US. Supreme Court in significant inclusion of African support of the University of Americans, Latinos and Native Michigan and the right of univer- Americans in selective colleges sities and colleges to consider and universities. If so, Amici race or ethnicity as one among respectfully submit this com- many factors in the selection of pelling goal cannot be achieved students for admission. without some consideration of The institutions filing the race in the selection of students brief argue that doing so is essen- for admission.... tial to achieving for all their stu- "Equal opportunity for citi- dents, minorities and non- zens of all races does not require minorities alike, the educational indifference to race; instead, it benefits of a truly diverse student requires appreciation and mutual body. respect that can only be achieved "Washington University sup- through productive and robust ports affirmative action as an interaction.... '(Enriching) the effective means of achieving a education of all... students by diverse academic community," including race as another ele- Chancellor Mark S. Wrighton ment in assembling a diverse stu- said. "A diverse community dent body of varying talents, strengthens the educational expe- backgrounds and perspectives' is Eagleton profeSSOrShip Randall L. Calvert, Ph.D. (left), talks with Thomas F. Eagleton at rience for all participants." a goal shared by institutions of Calvert's installation as the Thomas F. Eagleton University Professor of Public Affairs & Political The 19-page brief outlines higher learning, business, and Science Feb. 18 in Holmes Lounge. Calvert, a specialist in American politics and positive political reasons for supporting affirma- government alike, in part because theory, joined the faculty in Arts & Sciences as a professor of political science in October 1999. tive action and why the universi- of our Nation's increasingly het- The Eagleton professorship was established in 1985 to celebrate the long years of service that ties support the policy. erogeneous society.... the former senator provided to the people of Missouri upon his coming home to the area and to a Here are some excerpts from "Amici do not include race as faculty position at the University. the brief: part of their quest for diversity "Amici are united in their pur- because they believe each mem- suit of excellence in education, ber of a racial minority has the and believe meaningful diversity same point of view. To the con- New campus information channel launched among their students, including trary, Amici recognize race as one all students so nobody feels as convey emergency information racial diversity, is essential to that of the innumerable factors that BY NEIL SCHOENHERR though they are out of the loop' to students across campus." shared commitment. Long before ineluctably affect and mold a stu- with regard to campus events." University-recognized stu- Justice Powell's opinion in Bakke, dent's perspective and individual- Students have a new way to stay "WUSIC is a great addition dent groups and campus Amici sought to achieve racial informed of campus activities to our campus," said Kimberly departments are encouraged to diversity on their campuses. The entire brief is available and events. Lempfert, associate director of submit information to the chan- Amici have done so not because online at news-info.wustl.edu The Washington University student activities. "The channel nel via e-mail at wusic@ they believe students of the same /pdf/amicusbrief_umich.pdf Student Information Channel offers us the opportunity to not dosa.wustl.edu. race have the same point of view, (as an Adobe Acrobat PDF (WUSIC), launched at the begin- only help student groups and Submission forms and but because race is one of many document). ning of the semester, will help student groups promote their campus partners publicize their guidelines for WUSIC page programs. events and special dates, but it entries are available online at Developed in a joint effort by also provides a quick way to getinvolved.wustl.edu. the Office of Student Activities University Police and Residential Technology Services, WUSIC serves as an out- let for student groups to advertise Campus Watch Tags help prevent theft their upcoming events and meet- ings, as well as a way for academic The following incidents were reported to University Police Feb. 12-18. Readers with departments to post messages. scribes to the U.S. State information that could assist in investigating these incidents are urged to call 935-5555. BY ANDY GLENDENNEN WUSIC is updated on a daily Department's Electronic Data This information is provided as a public service to promote safety awareness and is basis and can be viewed on the available on the University Police Web site at police.wustl.edu. Base, which provides current and The best way to avoid theft is to Hilltop Campus 24 hours a day, authoritative information about prevent it in the first place, seven days a week on Channel 19. Feb. 12 from a room in January Hall. overseas security conditions. ,, _„ . . Total loss is estimated at $ 150. and to that end University Police "We here in the Office of Information available from 11:52 a.m. — A construction is offering a metal tag that can be Student Activities are always look- the database includes travel advi- worker was injured after falling affixed to almost any electronic ing for ways that we can help stu- sories, listed by country; reports from scaffolding at the Earth Additionally, University Police device — or anything else you'd dents stay informed and for new on security and crime incidents, and Planetary Sciences Building, responded to two reports oflarce- rather keep in your possession a ways to assist students who are n an< tw0 re orts listed by country; updates on Foh 17 y ^ P of property little while longer. programming events to publi- new or unusual situations over- reu. If damage, and one report each of The "STOP" (Security cize," said Jim Hayes, coordinator seas; addresses and telephone 9:04 a.m. — An unknown per- lost article, burglary, medical sick Tracking of Office Property) for student media groups. "I hope numbers of US. diplomatic and son stole a Panasonic VCR case, judicial violation, stolen Tags, sold for $10, are designed to that the channel becomes a consular posts overseas; police sometime over the weekend property and auto accident. deter would-be thieves. The tags source of valuable information to are about the size of a Post-It emergency telephone numbers, note and read "STOP: Warning, listed by country; and general police identifiable." crime information on foreign PICTURING OUR PAST Even if the thieves are success- cities and countries. ful, though, the tag can help Members of the University reclaim your merchandise. community who would like to At the time the tag is applied request information about a to the equipment, the make, locale prior to traveling may model and serial number is contact Wendy Oloteo of recorded, along with the owner's University Police at 935-7698 information and the number of or e-mail wendy_oloteo@aismail the tag. All of the information is .wustl.edu. then sent to the STOP Tag manu- Vehicle inspections facturer, which stores all the On Feb. 22, the University information in a database. Police and Parking departments, The tag requires 800 pounds in partnership with Hartmann's of pressure to remove, and even if Towing, will once again sponsor someone is successful in remov- a free traveler's vehicle inspection ing the tag, a tattoo — stating service for students, faculty and "Stolen Property" and a 1-800 staff recovery number — is chemically Persons anticipating traveling etched into the casing. by car for spring break can bring The manufacturer's Web site their vehicle to the parking lot (worldsecuritycorp.com/Order_ outside the police/parking office STOPTag.htm) says that statistics on the South 40 between noon-3 show that nine out of 10 comput- p.m. for a free inspection. ers lost or stolen using this prod- Staff will check tire pressure, uct are returned. fluid levels, wipers, headlights To order a tag, call 935-5084. and taillights. Local businesses have donated oil and windshield- This photo from 1919 shows the first parking lot on the Hilltop Campus. The lot New aid for was used from 1905 — when the University moved to the Hilltop — to 1923, when washer fluid to allow the topping ground was broken for Duncker Hall. international travelers off of fluids. 150years University Police has a new The police department's Bear service available to members of Patrol will assist the police and ''SJ-JOO* the campus community who are Trcasvrbig the But parking staff. Washington University will be celebrating its l£Oth anniversary in 2003-O4. Shaping the Fuiurr looking for safety travel advi- For more information, call Special programs and events will be announced as the yearlong observance approaches. sories as they plan trips overseas. the crime prevention office at The police department sub- 935-5084. record.wustl.edu Washington University in St. Louis Feb. 21, 2003 3 School of Medicine Update

TOXIC link Researchers decipher cause of parasite's worldwide spread

BY DARRELL E. WARD pork, lamb or venison. The investigators compared "Direct oral infectivity after appreciated that genetic recombi- While eating infected meat the young strains to less com- eating tissue cysts is seen only in nation could cause subtle changes School of Medicine researchers easily spreads Toxoplasma from mon, older strains of Toxo- Toxoplasma, and this trait is in an organism, but this is an revealed that a unique combi- animal-to-animal, related para- plasma. They found that the exemplified by these young extreme change: It produced a nation of genes inherited less sites have highly restricted life young strains have a heightened strains," Sibley said. "This strongly completely new lifestyle and than 10,000 years ago allows the cycles and require that a specific ability to infect animals that have suggests that the unique combina- removed a major barrier to parasite responsible for toxoplas- carnivore eat a specific herbivore eaten the cysts that form in the tion of genes passed along during infection." mosis to infect virtually all warm- for transmission to occur. meat of infected animals. that one mating event endowed Sibley and his colleagues now blooded animals. Toxoplasma also is unusual in Normally, such tissue cysts are the three young strains with an are studying genetic differences Parasite life cycles are complex that worldwide there are only infectious only to a single species ability to more effectively spread between the young and old and thought to develop over long three main strains, whereas relat- of animal, typically a carnivore throughout the food chain." strains of the parasite to learn periods with their hosts. This ed parasites typically have many that serves as the definitive host The findings demonstrate that more about how the newly study, which was published in a distinct strains. Research has where sexual replication occurs. changes in the infectiousness of derived strains can infect so many recent issue of the journal Science, shown that the three strains are The ability of the young Toxo- parasites can occur not just hosts. reveals that parasites highly similar genetically plasma strains to bypass this through new mutations but also "If one wanted to make a sometimes adapt rapidly and arose from a single restriction allows them to infect through a reshuffling of existing vaccine against this parasite, to new hosts, indicating mating event between two many different hosts, where they genes. those genes and their products that host-parasite rela- parent parasites. again form cysts and reproduce "This was a big surprise," might be good ones to target," tionships may not always In the present study, asexually. Sibley said. "We have always Sibley said. represent stable, long- members of Sibley's labo- term associations ratory, working closely "Our findings raise with colleagues at the possibility that other Cambridge University and parasites may also radi- the University of Georgia, cally change their Sibley determined how long ago lifestyle by a similar that mating occurred. mechanism and hence present They first estimated the rate at new threats of infection," said which mutations arise in study leader L. David Sibley, Toxoplasma. They then Ph.D., associate professor of sequenced a select set of genes molecular microbiology. from the three strains to deter- About 35 million Americans mine how many mutations were — and up to a quarter of the present. That data, along with worldwide population — are estimates of the mutation rate, thought to be chronically infected indicates that the three strains with Toxoplasma. However, only arose from a common ancestor people with weakened immunity no more than 10,000 years ago. typically develop severe toxoplas- "That's the blink of an eye in mosis, a potentially serious disease evolutionary time," Sibley said. that can lead to birth defects, During that blink, however, brain inflammation and vision the new strains managed to infect problems. a wide range of animal species The infection usually is and spread worldwide, suggesting acquired by accidentally swallow- that they had undergone some ing spores from contaminated fundamental change. To explain soil, water, cat litter or objects that ho\v that happened, Sibley and have had contact with cat feces. his colleagues hypothesized that The infection also can be acquired the parasite's life cycle had been from eating raw or partially altered, facilitating much more cooked meat, especially chicken, efficient spread.

Grant-writing series benefits faculty, students Mark your calendars now for getting ready to submit, the Academic Women's sources and mechanisms of funding, grant-preparation tips Network Brown Bag Series on All Unstoppable dNVe (From left) Andre Watkins, pediatric research coordinator, lends support grant writing at noon April 16, and interactions with the to John Wright Jr. at the Sickle Cell Sabbath blood drive Feb. 9 at St. Alphonsus Rock Church. 18 & 23 in Cori Auditorium. National Institutes of Health. Wright said he gave blood so that his children, Thasia and John (center), realize the importance and The series of three classes — Short presentations will follow won't be afraid of donating blood. Sickle Cell Sabbath is a spiritual outreach program that spreads which is open to male and an open question-and-answer awareness about sickle cell and helps increase the African-American blood supply. The February female post-docs and faculty — session. drive drew more than 55 donors. The next Sickle Cell Sabbath blood drive will be held March 30 at offers an array of helpful tips on For more information, call Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church in South City. For more information, call 286-1171. grant writing. Topics include: Kim Vaninger at 747-0808. Book fair to offer great deals Feb. 26-27 Herpes virus destroys detection mechanism

The Department of Central Research Building. New York BY DARRELL E. WARD known as peptides, on the cell Then, as assembly occurs, the Administration will sponsor a Times best sellers, children's surface. Cells make fleets of MHC mK3 protein makes a subtle book fair from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. books, photo albums and more Herpes viruses are notorious for class 1 molecules, each of which is change in the MHC class 1 mole- Feb. 26-27 on the second floor are 30 percent to 75 percent off their ability to hide from the assembled from two separate cule that marks it as waste. So link of the Clinical Sciences retail prices. immune system and establish life- pieces plus the peptide. After each instead of traveling to the cell long infections. School of MHC class 1 molecule is complet- surface as it should, the MHC Medicine researchers have discov- ed, it travels to the cell surface to class 1 molecule is shunted off to ered how one mouse herpes virus display its peptide to passing the side and destroyed. escapes detection. immune cells. "The finding that mK3 The study appeared in a recent "MHC class I is the body's requires chaperone molecules to issue of the journal Immunity. most important mechanism for function and hides out with "These findings not only pro- fighting off most viral infections," them came as a surprise," vide a better understanding of said kad author Lonnie P. Lybarger said. "It represents a viral infections, they also offer Lybarger, Ph.D., postdoctoral fel- new strategy for blocking novel insights into basic cellular low in genetics. "Not surprisingly, immune detection, and it sug- processes in the immune system," herpes viruses have evolved ways gests that there are probably said study leader Ted H. Hansen, to block that immune response." other viral proteins that use Ph.D., professor of genetics. Hansen, Lybarger and their host molecules to target MHC Like police cars cruising a colleagues used a mouse virus class 1." neighborhood, immune cells known as gamma2-herpesvirus to The researchers are using known as cytotoxic T cells patrol discover exactly how the virus gamma2-herpesvirus and the the body looking for signs of does this. The virus is closely herpes virus associated with trouble, such as virus-infected related to the human herpes virus Kaposi's sarcoma to identify cells. associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, some of those additional pro- Cells communicate with the a cancer of blood vessels that tein-protein interactions between immune system by displaying occurs in some people with AIDS. virus and host. protein fragments on their sur- Research has shown that cells Hansen attributes the success face, including viral proteins. assemble MHC class 1 molecules of this project to an effective col- Outstanding Service Longtime friends Laurie Dean (left) When cytotoxic T cells find viral with the help of other molecules laboration between his laborato- and Angela McClarney flank Mary Feld, scheduling coordinator proteins on a cell's surface, they known as chaperones. In this ry, which specializes in the pres- for the Admissions Department, as they admire the elegant destroy the cell and thereby elimi- study, the investigators found that entation of MHC class 1 mole- clock Feld received for 25 years of service to the University at nate the virus. in cells infected with gamma2- cules, and the virology laborato- the Central Administration staff recognition luncheon Feb. 5. Molecules known as major herpesvirus, a viral protein ry of Herbert W. Virgin IV, M.D., The annual Central Administration Service Awards recognize histocompatibility complex class 1 known as mK3 joins the chaper- Ph.D., professor of pathology School of Medicine staff with 10,15, 20 and 25 years of service. (MHC class 1) are responsible for ones as they prepare to assemble and immunology and of molecu- displaying the protein fragments, an MHC class 1 molecule. lar microbiology. 4 RECORD WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS University Events Sandra Bernhard at Edison Theatre

BY LIAM OTTEN ANTIGALA Sandra Bernhard is more fabu- lous than you are. In conjunction with Sandra The actress-author-singer- Bernhard's Edison Theatre perform- satirist-celebrity gossip-gay icon- ance, the Friends of Edison Theatre fashion plate has been every- will host the second annual ANTI- where, met everyone and done GALA, a pre-show dinner/fund-raiser, everything. She has starred on and this year based on a Mardi Gras off-Broadway, hung out with theme. Madonna, opened for the Preten- Tickets for ANTIGALA, which include ders and kidnapped Jerry Lewis the cost of the show, are $100; for (at Martin Scorsese's behest). $125, participants also may attend a At 8 p.m. March 1, this whirl- post-show dessert reception with ing diva of postmodern glamour Bernhard. Availability is extremely will descend upon St. Louis for An limited. Evening With Sandra Bernhard, a special one-night-only perform- For more information, call 935-6543. ance sponsored by the Edison Theatre OVATIONS! Series. The daughter of a proctologist album, Excuses for Bad Behavior and an abstract artist, Bernhard Part 1 (1994), resulted in a one- was born in Flint, Mich., and grew woman tour of the United States, up in the Midwest and Arizona. Europe and Australia. She began honing her chops as She performed on the main a stand-up comic at the age of 19 stage at Lilith Fair '99 with artists and soon moved to Hollywood, such as Sarah McLachlan, Sheryl performing gigs at local comedy Crow and Chrissie Hynde and clubs. Her first big break came in opened for the Pretenders during 1977, when she landed a regular a portion of their last tour. spot on The Richard Pryor Show. Sandra Bernhard — actress, author, singer and much more — will give a special one-night-only perform- Bernhard's performance at the In the years since, Bernhard ance, An Evening With Sandra Bernhard, at 8 p.m. March 1 for the Edison Theatre OVATIONS! Series. University is made possible with has appeared in more than 30 support from the Missouri Arts films, including Scorsese's King of Roseanne and has appeared on Will Nothing, later released as a film her five-piece rock band, The Love Council, a state agency; and the Comedy (1983), Madonna's back- & Grace, Ally McBeal and VIP, and CD. In 1998, her critically Machine, toured the country with Regional Arts Commission, stage expose Truth or Dare (1991) among many others. In 2001, she acclaimed I'm Still Here ... Damn Inshallah, a freewheeling medita- St. Louis. and the infamous Bruce Willis hosted a short-lived A&E talk show It! played off-Broadway for five tion on the meaning of irony after Tickets are $30 and are avail- commercial flop Hudson Hawk The Sandra Bernhard Experience. months before moving to Broad- September 11. able at the Edison Theatre Box (1991). Bernhard made her off- way's Booth Theatre and later was Bernhard recorded her first Office and through all MetroTix On television, Bernhard played Broadway debut in 1988 with the recorded as a special for HBO. album as a vocalist, I'm Your outlets. For more information, a regular character on ABC's one-woman show Without You I'm More recently, Bernhard and Woman, in 1985. Her second call 935-6543. A New Mars • Perfect Couple • Orcadian Clock

"University Events" lists a portion of the 9:15 a.m. Pediatric Grand Rounds. Friday, Feb. 28 in Shoes and The Red Clay Ramblers. activities taking place at Washington "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia." Perrin How to submit (Also Feb. 22, 8 p.m., Feb. 23, 2 p.m.) University Feb. 21-March 6. Visit the Web White, prof, of pediatrics, dir. of pediatric 9:15 a.m. Pediatric Grand Rounds. Cost: $27, $22 for senior, students and "Managing the Pain of Emergency for expanded calendars for the Hilltop endocrinology, U. of Texas. Southwestern WUSTL faculty & staff, $13 for WUSTL "University Events" Procedures: Sedation, Schizophrenia, Campus (wustl.edu/calendar) and the Medical Center. Clopton Aud., 4950 students. Edison Theatre. 935-6543. Children's Place. 454-6006. and Senility." David M. Jaffe, medical School of Medicine (medschool.wustl Submit "University Events" items dir, emergency services, dir. of emer- 8 p.m. Performing Arts Department .edu/calendars.html). Noon. Gastroenterology Research Performance. Psalms of a Questionable to Genevieve Podleski via: gency medicine, dept. of pediatrics. Conference. "Pro-adaptive or Pro- Clopton Aud., 4950 Children's Place. Nature. Marisa Wegrzyn, writer. Heidi (1) e-mail — record_calendar tumorigenic Actions of GH/IGF-I in the 454-6006. Winters Vogel, dir. (Also Feb. 22, 5 & 9 Intestine: Mediators and Modulators." ©aismail.wustl.edu; p.m., Feb. 23, 2 p.m.) Cost: $12, $8 for P. Kay Lund, prof, of physiology, U. of (2) campus mail — WUSTL faculty, staff & students. A.E. N.C. Clinical Sciences Research Bldg., Monday, March 3 Hotchner Studio Theatre. 935-6543. Campus Box 1070; or Exhibitions Rm. 901.362-2031. Noon. Molecular Biology & Pharmacology (3) fax — 935-4259. Research Seminar. "The Medicinal Saturday, March 1 Contemporary German Art: Recent Monday, Feb. 24 Upon request, forms for sub- Chemist's Toolchest: Ent-steroids as ■ Acquisitions. Continues through April 20. mitting events may be e-mailed, Pharmacological Tools." Douglas Covey, 8 p.m. OVATIONS! An Evening With Sandra Gallery of Art. 935-4523. Noon. Molecular Biology & Pharmacology Bernhard. Cost: $30. Edison Theatre. mailed or faxed to departments. prof, of molecular biology & pharmacolo- Research Seminar. "Dissecting Non- gy. South Bldg., Rm. 3907, Philip 935-6543. Cuba Si: Fragments of Havana. Deadline for submissions is visual Ocular Phototransduction." Russell Weedleman Library. 362-0183. Photographs by Carl Safe, prof, of archi- Van Gelder, asst. prof, of ophthalmology noon on the Thursday eight days tecture. Continues through Feb. 21. & visual sciences. South Bldg., prior to the publication date. 4 p.m. Immunology Research Seminar Givens Hall. 935-6200. Rm. 3907, Philip Needleman Library. Series. "The Role of Enx Polycomb Italian Renaissance Engravings, c. 1470- 362-0183. Proteins in Lymphocyte Development Worship 1510. Continues through March 2. Gallery and Function." Sasha Tarakhovsky, Noon. Neurology & Neurological Surgery Wednesday, Feb. 26 assoc. prof, of immunology & microbiol- of Art. 935-4523. Research Seminar. "Can Neuronal Wednesday, 8:15 a.m. Obstetrics & Gynecology Grand ogy. Eric P. Newman Education Center. Made in France: Art From 1945 to the Proteasome Activity Be Enhanced?" Rounds. "New Frontiers in Assisted 362-2763. Present. Continues through April 20. B. Joy Snider, asst. prof, of neurology. March 5 Reproductive Technologies." Susan Gallery of Art. 935-4523. Maternity Bldg., Schwarz Aud. 362-7316. Noon. Ash Wednesday Lanzendorf, div. of reproductive Wednesday, March 5 Ashes Service. Catholic Perfect Couple: Crossing Borders, Fu Shen Noon. Work, Families & Public Policy endocrinology & infertility, dept. of obstet- Student Center, 6352 and Victoria Lu. Continues through Brown Bag Seminar Series. "Fat and rics & gynecology. Clopton Aud., 4950 4 p.m. Biochemistry & Molecular Forsyth. 935-9191. March 7. Sponsored by the Visiting East Happy." Heather Bednarek, Saint Louis U. Children's Place. 362-1016. Biophysics Seminar. "Integrin Dynamics Asian Professionals Program. Des Lee Eliot Hall, Rm. 300. 935-4918. on Leukocytes, 1CAM-1 on Endothelium 6 p.m. Architecture Monday Night Lecture Gallery, 1627 Washington Ave. 621-8735. and the Transmigratory Cup." Timothy A. 4 p.m. Biology Seminar. "Unwinding the Series. "Continuity." Steve Christer, archi- Springer, Latham Family Professor of Cyanobacterial Circadian Clock." Susan tect, Studio Granda, Reykjavik, Iceland. Pathology, Center for Blood Research, Golden, prof, of biology. Texas A&M U. Steinberg Hall Aud. 935-6200. Harvard U. Cori Aud, 4565 McKinley Ave. Sports Rebstock Hall, Rm. 322. 935-8635. 362-0261. Film 4 p.m. Chemistry Lecture. Marvin H. Thursday, Feb. 27 Saturday, March 1 Caruthers, prof, of chemistry & biochem- Noon. Genetics Seminar. "Genomic Thursday, March 6 6 p.m. Women's Basketball vs. U. of istry, U. of Colo. McMillen Lab, Rm. 311. Insulators: Chromosomal Elements That Chicago. Athletic Complex. 935-4705. Sunday, Feb. 23 935-6530. , Noon. Gastroenterology Research 1 p.m. French Film Series. The Crimson Define Domains of Gene Expression." Conference. "Effect of Chronic Liver 8 p.m. Men's Basketball vs. U. of Chicago. Rivers. Mathieu Kassovitz, dir. Sponsored 4 p.m. Immunology Research Seminar Pamela Geyer, prof, of biochemistry, U. of Disease on Regenerative Responses." Athletic Complex. 935-4705. by the Program in Film & Media Studies. Series. "Signaling Pathways in T Cell Iowa: McDonnell Medical Sciences Bldg., Anna Mae Diehl, prof, of medicine, Johns U. of Mo.-St. Louis, Lucas Hall Aud., 8001 Development and Activation." Leslie Rm. 823. 362-2139. Hopkins U. Clinical Sciences Research Berg, asst. prof, of pathology. U. of Natural Bridge Rd. 935-4056. 4 p.m. Chemistry Lecture. "The Challenges Bldg., Rm. 901.362-2031. Mass. Eric P. Newman Education Center. of Editing the Newsmagazine of the 3:30 p.m. Black History Month Film 362-2763. Noon. Genetics Seminar Series. "The And more... Series. America's War on Poverty. Chemical World." Madeleine Jacobs, edi- Genetics of Atopic Dermatitis." William Introduction by David Rowntree, archivist, tor in chief, Chemical and Engineering Cookson, Asthma Genetics Group, Film & Media Archive. Sponsored by Tuesday, Feb. 25 News. McMillen Lab., Rm. 311. 935-6530. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Friday, Feb. 21 University Libraries. Brown Hall, Rm. 100. Noon. Alzheimer's Disease Research 4 p.m. Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Genetics, Oxford, U.K. McDonnell 7 p.m. Gallery of Art Guided Tours. Tours 935-8679. Center Tuesday Conference Seminar. Seminar. "Role of T Cell Subsets and Medical Sciences Bldg., Rm. 823. of Contemporary German Art: Recent "Outreach & Recruitment: The Apoptosis in a Primary Model of Herpetic 362-2139. Acquisitions, Made in France: Art from Northwestern ADC Experience." Darby Keratitis." Patrick M. Stuart, asst. research 3 p.m. Siteman Cancer Center Lecture. 1945 to the Present, and Italian Morhardt, education core leader, prof, of ophthalmology & visual sciences. Julia Hudson Freund Lecture. Louis Renaissance Engravings, c. 1470-1510 Northwestern U. Barnes-Jewish Hosp. Maternity Bldg., Rm. 725. 362-1006. Staudt, principal investigator, National led by student docents. Gallery of Art. Lectures Bldg., East Pavilion Aud. 286-2468. 4:15 p.m. Earth & Planetary Sciences Cancer Inst., National Institutes of 935-4523. Noon. Program in Physical Therapy Colloquium. "A New Mars." Mike Malin, Health. Eric P. Newman Education Center. Friday, Feb. 21 Research Seminar. "Relative Phase as a pres. and chief scientist, Malin Space 454-8566. Monday, Feb. 24 7:15-9:30 a.m. Center for the Application Motor Control Measure in Rhythmic Science Systems, San Diego. McDonnell 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Blood Drive. Sponsored by Coordination." David R. Collins, bio- Hall, Rm. 362. 935-5610. of Information Technology Technical Congress of the South 40. Mallinckrodt Breakfast Briefing. "Optimizing Web Site mechanist & statistician, human per- formance lab, Barnes-Jewish Hosp. 4444 4:45 p.m. Psychology Discussion. "Ethics Student Center, The Gargoyle. (Also User Interface Design & Usability to in Family Decision Making: The Place for On Stage Feb. 25, Mallinckrodt Student Center, The Speed Up Projects and Increase ROI." Forest Park Blvd., Rm. B108/B109. Qualitative Research in Ethical Discus- Gargoyle; Feb. 26 & 27, 5-10 p.m. Wohl Charlotte Schwendeman, Perficient Inc. 286-1404. sions." Peggy Perkinson, asst. prof, of Student Center, Friedman Lounge.) Open to CAIT members only. CAIT, 5 N. occupational therapy. Psychology Bldg., Friday, Feb. 21 658-2004. Jackson Ave. 935-4792. Rm. 216A. 935-8212. 8 p.m. OVATIONS! Rambleshoe. Rhythm record.wustl.edu WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Feb. 21, 2003 5 Economy, stock market are topics of panel

BY BARBARA REA lished in scholarly journals, Economy. U.S. economy, and he is often including the Journal of Public Assembly Series As an expert on economics called upon to comment on the The Assembly Series will pres- Economics, the Review of and the public sector, likely effects of monetary and ent a panel discussion on Economics and Statistics and the Who: Steven Fazzari, Alfred Goldman, Rothstein's research has focused fiscal policy changes. "Current Thoughts on the Journal of Applied Econometrics. Paul Rothstein and Chris Varvares; on social choice theory, political Prior to helping establish the U.S. Economy and the Stock Over the years, his outstanding moderated by David Nicklaus economy, local public finance firm, Varvares was a member of Market" at 11 a.m. Feb. 26 in teaching has been recognized What: "Current Thoughts on the U.S. and related legislative studies. the staff of the President's Graham Chapel. with several awards. Economy and the Stock Market" His work centers on the Council of Economic Advisers. Panelists will be Steven He earned undergraduate study of distribution of In addition, he serves as a mem- Fazzari, Ph.D., professor and chair and graduate degrees from Where: Graham Chapel resources and responsibilities in ber of Time magazine's board of of the Department of Economics Stanford University. When: 11 a.m. Feb. 26 federal systems in the presence economists. in Arts & Sciences; Alfred Gold- For 43 years, Goldman has Of fiscal competition. He earned a bachelor's Admission: Free and open to the man, corporate vice president and been with A.G. Edwards, one of He has been published in degree from George Washington public chief market strategist for A.G. the nation's largest investment many scholarly journals, includ- University and earned a gradu- Edwards & Sons Inc; Paul firms, as a securities and market For more information, call 935-4620 ing the Journal of Urban ate degree from Washington Rothstein, Ph.D., associate profes- analyst, writer and lecturer on or visit the series Web site, Economics, the Journal of Public University. sor of economics; and Chris investments. As chief market wupa.wustl.edu/assembly. Economics and Public Choice. Nicklaus has been a business Varvares, president of Macro- strategist, he writes and pro- Rothstein earned a bache- writer and editor for the economic Advisers LLC and an duces a weekly market report lor's degree from Yale University 5f. Louis Post-Dispatch for alumnus. — carried by 111 newspapers including The Associated Press and a doctorate from the more than 21 years. David Nicklaus, senior writer -■- that discusses the firm's out- and Bloomberg Business News. University of California, As a senior writer, he pens and business columnist for the look for financial markets as Furthermore, he appears Berkeley. three columns a week on the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, will mod- well as the economy. regularly as a market expert on Varvares is president of economy, financial markets and erate. He also serves on A.G. CNBC, CNN, CNNFN, Fox Macroeconomic Advisers, a local business trends. He also Fazzari has been a member of Edwards' investment strategy News and PBS' Nightly Business company he co-founded with contributes a business report to the faculty since 1982, joining the committee, its executive com- Report and Louis Rukeyser's fellow alumnus Joel Prakken KMOX radio each weekday at University as assistant professor. mittee and the brokerage sub- Wall Street. and former economics 6:21 p.m. He became an associate professor sidiary's board of directors. Rothstein joined the Professor Laurence Meyer, Nicklaus earned a bachelor's in 1989, a professor in 1996 and A nationally recognized University faculty in 1988 as an Ph.D., in 1982 as Laurence H. degree in journalism from was named chair in 1999. leader in market analysis, he is assistant professor and was Meyer & Associates. Drake University and a master's His teaching and research often sought for comment by promoted to associate profes- As such, Varvares serves as a ' degree in economics from the focus is in macroeconomics with major publications such as The sor in 1994. He is associate consultant to key agencies of London School of Economics. an emphasis on Keynesian macro- Wall Street Journal, The New director of the Weidenbaum the U.S. and Canadian govern- All Assembly Series lectures economics, investment studies York Times, USA Today, Center on the Economy, ments, major trade associations are free and open to the public. and econometrics and applied Investor's Business Daily and Government, and Public Policy and private corporations. His For more information, call 935- statistics. The Financial Times (London), and serves as a resident fellow firm is recognized as one of the 4620 or visit the series Web site, Fazzari's work has been pub- as well as other media outlets, in the Center in Political most accurate forecasters of the wupa.wustl.edu/assembly. Bareness experiences cutting-edge Island Press

BY LIAM OTTEN to be about childhood, or to use childhood as a metaphor for California artist James Barsness what happens in adult society." makes big, messy drawings Everything else, from first that incorporate everything from sketches to final production, was graphite and ballpoint pen to worked out in the Island Press gold leafing and newspaper printshop. funnies. "What's great about this Not an approach that lends place is that we get to shut down itself to the identically crafted for a week and have all these editions of traditional printmak- extra hands," said master printer ing, but perfect for Island Press, Tom Reed, who recently came to the School of Art's collaborative the School of Art from Landfall printshop. Press in Chicago and who previ- Since its founding in 1978, ously collaborated with Barsness Island Press has pioneered a on a more traditional etching. national reputation for using new "And the scale really helps — and experimental techniques to artists can work at the same size create mixed-media and one-of- they're already accustomed to, a-kind multiples. and that makes the medium From its home in the print- more comfortable." making/drawing major area, the Barsness added, "For me, the press has released more than 100 complexity is learning to think prints by dozens of nationally like a printer, which is partly and internationally known artists, thinking in reverse and partly including Roy Lichtenstein, thinking in deliberate layers." Raphael Ferrer and Annette On the other hand, "If you need Lemieux — generally one guest to change the color of the back- per semester. Visiting artist James Barsness (center, left) supervises as printmaking graduate students (from left) ground, it's just a matter of wip- "So many artists, so little Grant Miller, Ben Halstead and Josh Besdeck prepare a plate for Barsness' collagraph Monkey Bars ing the plate in a different ink. time," quipped Director Joan (2003), a kind of underground comix history of Western civilization. "In a painting, I just would- Hall, the Kenneth E. Hudson n't do it. It would be like start- Professor of Art and coordinator onto sheets of Sintra, a type of graduate students Grant Miller, self so far," he said, adding that ing over again. I'd figure out a of printmaking/drawing. signage board. When the image Ben Halstead and Josh Besdeck certain "primal urges" never different strategy." "We can be much more is ready to be printed, the plates mixed and applied Roplex to really disappear. "They just kind Barsness concluded, "This adventuresome than a commer- are covered in thick, goopy ink one of the plates. of squirt out the side in unex- shop is really top-notch. I can't cial shop," Hall added, noting that that is then wiped back away Senior Shelby Shadwell con- pected and often inexplicable say enough about the experi- „ Island Press boasts a 5-by-10-foot with tarlton (a sort of starched tinually updated the Island ways." ence. etching press that is among the cheesecloth) and newsprint. Press Web site (which he recent- Barsness arrived in St. Louis For more information about largest in the country. "If an artist The smoother the area, the ly designed) with photos of the with the Monkey Bars frame- Island Press, call 935-6571 or says, 'I want to do this,' we say, cleaner the ink wipes and the work-in-progress. Sarah work and knew that, "I wanted it visit artsci.wustl.edu/~islandpr. 'This is the process you should lighter it prints. The rougher the Breeland and Philip Meier doc- try' We help them see what the area, the more ink it holds and umented the proceedings on techniques will do and then the darker it prints. videotape. translate them back into their Such are the basics, but The final image resembles own work." Barsness' intricate, 4-by-6-foot an underground comix history Record (USPS 600-430; ISSN 1043-0520), Barsness recently spent a design considerably complicated of Western civilization as Volume 27, Number 21/Feb. 21, 2003. weeklong residency mastering the things. performed on a playground Washington University community news Published for the faculty, staff and friends of Washington University. Produced weekly art of collagraph, a somewhat Monkey Bars, printed in an jungle gym. Editor Kevin M. Kiley Associate Editor Andy Clendennen during the school year, except school unconventional process popular- edition of 14, involved three Romulus and Remus romp holidays, and monthly during June, July and ized by press founder Peter Assistant Editor Neil Schoenherr plates, 14 colors, four rice paper about the lower left-hand cor- Associate Vice Chancellor Judith Jasper Leicht August by the Office of Public Affairs, Marcus, professor emeritus of border strips, 24 digital images ner, while Mercury leaps Executive Editor Susan Killenberg McGinn Washington University, Campus Box 1070, printmaking. shin coled to the background towards a female figure giving Medical News Editor Kimberly Leydig One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, M0 63130. Unlike woodcut, with its mus- and virtually every member of birth. A plaintive, anthropo- Production Carl Jacobs Periodicals postage page at St. Louis, M0. cular high-contrasts, or lithogra- the printmaking program, morphic dog (a recurring char- News & Comments Where to send address changes phy, which employs complex including all 22 undergraduate acter in Barsness' work) rattles (314) 935-6603 Postmaster and nonemployees Record, chemical resistances, collagraph is and graduate majors. his twisting metal cage, while Campus Box 1070 [email protected] Washington University, Campus Box 1070, a highly flexible, technically for- "Students tear paper, mix another figure spins like a cen- One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130. giving medium in which printing ink, wipe plates — they really do trifuge in a coiled ivy rope. Medical News plates are built from areas of dif- (314) 286-0119 Employees Office of Human Resources, everything," Hall said. Barsness explained that Campus Box 8508 Washington University, Campus Box 1184, fering textures. Master's candidate Roxanne Monkey Bars isn't so much a [email protected] One Brookings Drive, St Louis, M0 63130. Typically, a clear liquid plastic Phillips, for example, worked narrative as "fragmented images called Roplex is mixed with vary- with Assistant Professor Lisa about sublimation" on both ing amounts of either metal grit Bulawsky to print the back- societal and personal levels. 9 ^^hingtonUniversity in St iDuis or ground pumice and "drawn" ground images, while fellow "You can only compress your- 6 RECORD WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS

goal of adding $175 million in still needed to complete projects Campaign new endowment for scholar- under way or on the drawing Sports ships and fellowships. boards. "... so much more we Just to reach that goal, $31.9 can - and must - do" million remains to be raised. Unrestricted annual Swimming/diving - from Page 1 Academic programs, support takes 2nd in UAA Unrestricted gifts play an student life, libraries The men's and women's swim- essential role in everything the ming and diving teams recorded the money is only important Simultaneously focusing on University does, and the main their highest finish in school in that it enables us to do quality education and cutting- source of those funds to support history as both teams placed something worthwhile. We are edge research is especially costly, day-to-day operations comes second at the University Athletic doing that in the battle against but that is the core of excellence from the Annual Fund. Association Championships cancer, in executive education, in at the University. During the past fiscal year, Feb. 16-17 at Case Western biomedical engineering, in Gifts and commitments in alumni, parents, faculty, staff Reserve University. Freshman genome research, in every disci- excess of the original goal for and friends provided $13.5 mil- Tracey Hendrickson was a per- pline. ... Every school has been this purpose have already been lion through the Annual Fund. fect three-for-three in her first strengthened. secured, but certain initiatives (In the fiscal year prior to the UAA Championships as she "And the closer we get to rais- remain under-funded. start of the campaign on July 1, won the 200 butterfly (2:07.64), ing the $1.5 billion to address the For example, the $15 million 1995, support for the Annual 200 freestyle (1:52.68) and the high-priority needs identified in target for building and main- Fund totaled $9.7 million.) 500 freestyle (4:59.52). All three Project 21, the better we will be taining the University Libraries' The goal is to increase that marks were school records and able to serve our students and collections, preserving the exist- unrestricted support to $15 mil- automatically qualified her for society." ing collections, and providing lion annually by the end of the the NCAA Championships. Wrighton said the focus dur- access to electronic information campaign, with at least 35 per- Freshman Allie Boettger also ing the final 18 months of the resources is still some $3 million cent of alumni participating. had a tremendous UAA campaign will be on several con- away from its goal. "Washington University is an Championship as she swept the tinuing priorities: (1) people; (2) institution widely recognized for New construction, 100 (1:07.01 and the 200 breast- academic programs, student life the quality of its teaching and stroke (2:25.49). Rachel and the libraries; (3) new con- renovation of facilities research, and our vision for an Feldman, Laurel Jacobson, struction and renovation of Givingstudents an educa- even better future is what is Jennifer Scott and Hendrickson existing facilities; and (4) unre- tional exp^jence of the highest driving this campaign," said established a school record and stricted annual support. quality and providing faculty Board of Trustees Chairman an NCAA "B" cut with a first- the resources most supportive John F. McDonnell, retired People place finish in the 200 freestyle of productive research and chairman of the board of relay (1:38.66). The 800 freestyle Attracting and retaining out- scholarship depend in part, on McDonnell Douglas Corp., who relay team of Scott, Feldman standing people — faculty and the best possible physical envi- headed the leadership phase of students — is an objective shared and freshman Pam Gieseker ronment for teaching, learning the campaign. by all top research universities. also placed first as it set a pool, and discovery. "We can all be extremely Chris Jeffries is the sixth play- When the campaign started, UAA and school record of To that end, new facilities — proud of what has already been er in men's basketball history the University had 138 endowed 7:41.62. The mark was also to reach the 1,400-point mark. such as the McDonnell Pediatric achieved in and through this professorships, significantly fewer good enough for an automatic Research Building, Alvin campaign, but there is so much than many of its peer institu- berth to the NCAA Cham- Goldfarb Hall for social work more we can — and must — do took a 25-24 lead with just over tions. The hope is to double that pionships. On the men's side, and the Laboratory Science to help the University realize its three minutes left in the half. number by the end of the cam- Michael Slavik, Eric Triebe, Building for Arts & Sciences — full potential for the good of Jeffries again led all scorers with paign to attract, retain and sup- Jonathan Vigdorchik and Matt have been built. humankind." 20 points. port those men and women who Johnson set a pool and school Work is under way on the The leadership phase of the The No. 1 women's basket- record and posted an NCAA can continue to create new new Earth and Planetary Campaign for Washington ball team improved to 22-0 and knowledge and train leaders for "B" cut time with a first-place Sciences Building, and construc- University began on July 1, 1995, wrapped up its sixth straight the 21st century. finish in the 200 yard medley tion of new facilities for the and $541 million in gifts and UAA title with a 79-52 win To reach that ambitious goal, relay. Vigdorchik and Ray Sam Fox Arts Center will com- commitments had been secured against Case Western Reserve 23 more endowed professorships Robison added a one-two finish mence as funding for that proj- when public announcement of Feb. 16 at the Field House. The are needed. in the 100-butterfly as ect is secured. the campaign and its $1 billion win also gave the Bears the With more than 60 percent of Vigdorchik set a school record Almost $150 million has goal was made on Sept. 19, 1998. league's automatic bid to the undergraduates receiving finan- and had automatic qualifying already been committed for At its October 2000 meeting, 2003 Division III NCAA cial assistance this year, and with time of 50.04 while Robison these and other projects. the Board of Trustees voted to Tournament. The Bears took a an equally great need among posted a provisional time of Approximately $75 million is raise the goal to $1.3 billion. 37-26 lead to the locker room as graduate students, trustees set a 51.19. Triebe, who set the 100 Washington U. held the Spartans breaststroke UAA and to .257 percent shooting (9-35). Washington U. record of 57.25 Laura Crowley led the Bears with such as quickly standing or sud- 134 mm Hg. in the preliminaries, placed first 18 points on six-of-eight shoot- Hypertension denly running — remains The finding that mice with in the final as he posted a "B" ing from three-point range as she poorly understood. one copy of the functional gene cut time of 57.46. Triebe then surpassed the 1,500-point mark Researchers discover Recent research has suggest- still were highly hypertensive capped off his first trip to the in her collegiate career. Two days possible new mechanism ed that a protein known as reg- suggested that the RGS2 protein UAA's in style as he won the 200 earlier, the Bears cruised past is crucial for controlling blood breaststroke in a school and - from Page 1 ulator of G protein signaling 2 Emory University 96-58. Junior (RGS2) is involved in blood pressure. pool record time of 2:05.42. Lesley Hawley led the Bears with pressure regulation. Blumer and The investigators also were Senior Ryan Braun swept both 16 points. The Bears return to unknown in 90 percent to 95 his colleagues studied mice able to reverse the hypertension diving events as he won the action today at Carnegie Mellon percent of cases. lacking both copies of the rgs2 by giving the RGS2-deficient one-meter board with a mark of University in Pittsburgh as head Scientists have long known gene, which is responsible for mice substances that blocked 483.35 and the three-meter coach Nancy Fahey goes for that certain signaling substances RGS2 production, and mice the hormone angiotensin II, board with a mark of 491.20. career win No. 400. — hormones and neurotrans- lacking only one copy of the which normally causes arteri- Head coach Brad Shively and The No. 7 men's tennis team mitters — in the body cause gene. They compared these to oles to constrict and increase his staff was named the Men's won 30 of 31 matches Feb. 15-16 tiny arteries known as arterioles normal mice. blood pressure. and Women's UAA Coaching at the Principia College Men's to constrict, causing blood pres- Both strains of RGS2-defi- The investigators concluded Staff of the Year while Triebe Tennis Invitational. The Bears sure to rise. These substances cient mice were highly hyper- that RGS2 works by stopping and Hendrickson were named won 17 of 18 singles matches and also help regulate blood pres- tensive. While normal mice had the action of angiotensin II, the UAA Rookies of the Year. swept all 13 doubles matches. sure by altering electrolyte and a mean arterial blood pressure enabling arterioles to relax and Braun earned Men's Diver of The tournament was a great pre- fluid levels in the kidneys. of 84 millimeters of mercury blood pressure to decline. When the Year honors while Hen- cursor for the NCAA Division III But the precise mechanism (mm Hg), mice lacking both RGS2 is missing or present at drickson was named the UAA National Team Indoor Cham- through which these signaling rgs2 genes had a mean blood low levels, the effect of Female Swimmer of the Year. pionships, which will be Feb. 28 substances maintain normal pressure of 135 mm Hg and angiotensin II is prolonged, at Gustavus Adolphus College. blood pressure even under rap- those missing one gene had a causing blood pressure to Other updates WUSTL will open up play against remain high. idly changing conditions — mean blood pressure of The No. 1 men's basketball No. 2 Emory at 1 p.m. "We hypothesize that genetic team won two more games to Junior All-American Kammie defects or differences that affect set the team record for consecu- Holt dropped an 11.95 meter the amount or function of this tive victories, pushing its streak triple jump on the competition at protein may increase the risk of to 22 with wins over Emory the indoor track and field developing hypertension," University, 89-63, and Case team's UAA/CCIW Pepsi Obituary Blumer said. "Developing a test Western Reserve University, Challenge at Carthage College, for these abnormalities may 85-67. The Bears are one of only automatically qualifying for the lead to new means of diagnos- two unbeaten teams in men's NCAA Championship, setting the larly here in the libraries," said ing or treating the disease." college basketball (NCAA meet and fieldhouse records, and Shirley K. Baker, dean of Next, Blumer hopes to iden- Mitchelle, 59 Division II University of winning the event by more than University Libraries and vice tify the tissues in which RGS2 Nebraska-Kearney is the other). two feet. The mark, a school BY ANDY CLENDENNEN chancellor for information most strongly affects blood Against Emory Feb. 14, the record, a personal best by 30 cen- technology. "In addition to pressure and to identify the bio- Bears opened the first half with timeters and the second-best Helen L. Mitchelle, technical working in the libraries, Helen chemical pathways through an 11-0 run and closed it with a jump in the country so far this assistant in the University had just completed her college which the protein works. Libraries business office, died degree in May 2002 and began 10-2 run to take a 44-27 edge to year, continued Holt's 2003 unbeaten streak in the horizontal Friday, Feb. 14, 2003, at work on a master's degree in the locker room. Chris Jeffries St. Mary's Hospital of cardiac education. scored a game-high 25 points jumps. Practically scraping the ceiling of Carthage's Tarble arrest. She was 59. "We were inspired by her Correction pushed his career total to 1,404, Mitchelle joined the energy and her persistence." making him just the sixth player Athletic & Recreation Center was junior transfer Ryker Jones, who University staff in November Survivors include a son, in team history with 1,400 Feb. 14 issue, Page 3: During 1967. She started working for Michael Harris of St. Louis, and points and just the second play- won the pole vault with a leap of preparations for press, two per- 4.61 meters, improving his the libraries in 1977, where she three grandchildren. Her er with 1,400 points and 600 sons — Lawrence M. Lewis, NCAA provisional-qualifying was a valued member of the grandson Nicholas Pruitt also career rebounds. Two days later M.D., division chief and associ- University family. works in the libraries. the Bears set the team record for mark by a centimeter. Junior ate professor of emergency med- She leaves a large number ■ A funeral will be at noon consecutive wins by holding off Sarah Springer matched Jones on icine; and Morin Hanson, M.D., the women's side, winning the of grieving friends and col- today at Cote Brilliante Emory University. The Spartans colorectal surgeon at Christian leagues across the University. Presbyterian Church, 4673 held the lead throughout most pole vault with a provisionally Northeast Hospital — were "We will miss her particu- Labadie Ave., St. Louis. of the first 10 minutes and kept qualifying jump of 3.22 meters, omitted from a photo. The it close before WUSTL finally setting a personal best. Record regrets the error. record.wustl.edu WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Feb. 21, 2003 7

patron of the Eliot Society and a vice chancellor for medical 1995-99. Association. Harris member of the boards of affairs and as president of the In addition to his dedication Past positions include serving WSWU and The Woman's University's medical center. to the University, William as co-chair of the board of Danforths are fourth Club of Washington University. In 1971, he became the Danforth helps guide a number directors of Barnes-Jewish winners of award In addition, she received the University's 13th chancellor, of important institutions. Hospital and the boards of - from Page 1 Woman of Achievement for serving in that position until He is a director of the board directors of Ralston Purina Co. Youth Enrichment Award his retirement in 1995. of trustees of the Danforth and BJC Health System. alma mater's St. Louis Wellesley in 1990. During his tenure, he led the Foundation and is a trustee of This is the fourth Harris Award in 1983. Also a native of St. Louis, University through a period of the American Youth Foundation. community award granted. Both officially and unofficially, William Danforth has served in extraordinary progress. He is chairman of the board of Previous recipients are Lucy and she has been a valuable ambassa- leadership positions with the Through his leadership and directors of the Donald Danforth the late Stanley Lopata, whose dor for the University, actively University since 1957, when he vision, he helped transform the Plant Science Center and heads gift went to Habitat for promoting it in every way irnagi- joined its School of Medicine University into an internation- the Coalition of Plant and Life Humanity; Alice and Leigh nable. The University awarded her faculty. ally recognized institution. Sciences. Gerdine, for the Black Repertory the 1987 William Greenleaf Eliot In 1967, he was appointed After retirement, he served He also is chairman of Company; and Ann and Lee Society Award for Service. professor of internal medicine. as chairman of the Univer- the board of governors of the Liberman, supporting Forest Furthermore, she is a life From 1965-1971, he served as sity's Board of Trustees from St. Louis Christmas Carols Park Forever. Washington University Policy on Discriminatory Harassment The Washington University Record publishes this policy yearly as a service to the University community I. Policy statement concerning an allegation about which an accused per- Complaints, prepared with or without the assistance Washington University is committed to having a posi- son was not given reasonably timely notice and an of the Coordinator, can be filed with the following tive learning and working environment for its students, opportunity to respond shall not be used to justify or Committees, with a copy to the Coordinator for your faculty, and staff. University policy prohibits discrimi- enhance a sanction, other than an oral or written warn- campus: nation on the basis of race, color, age, religion, gender, ing, imposed for a different instance of harassment. Complaints against faculty or staff: sexual orientation, national origin, veteran status or dis- If you want to discuss possible harassment in a more Faculty and Administrative Affirmative Action ability. Harassment based on any of these classifications confidential setting or clarify your feelings about Committee or violates University policy and will not be tolerated. In whether and how you wish to proceed, you may want to Title IX Grievance Committee or some circumstances such harassment may also violate consult a social worker, therapist or member of the cler- Human Resources Advisory Committee federal, state or local law. • gy, who is permitted, by law, to assure greater confiden- ■ All of these committees may be contacted: In 1996, the University adopted a new policy on tiality. Clergy and counseling resources on campus are c/o Office of Human Resources Sexual Harassment. Since that time, allegations of dis- listed in Bearings, Ternion and Safety and Security on the North Brookings Hall, Room 126 criminatory harassment on bases other than sex have Hilltop Campus. In addition, any member of the Campus Box 1184 been handled in a similar manner. This Policy confirms University community may contact the Student 935-5990 that allegations of any sort of discriminatory harass- Counseling Services at 935-5980 for a confidential dis- Hearing procedures are set out in the Washington ment are subject to the policies and procedures cussion and, if desired, referral to off-campus resources. University Discrimination and Sexual Harassment described in the Sexual Harassment Policy. That Policy Hearing Procedures. These procedures may be obtained IV. Seeking advice; making a complaint from the Office of Human Resources or from any applies to all members of the Washington University If you believe that you have been harassed, you have a community. It allocates responsibilities for helping to Harassment Response Coordinator or Advisor. number of response options, both formal and informal. Complaints against students or student groups: ensure that University policy is fairly applied, explains Some people may wish to pursue informal means the processes by which complaints of harassment may Director of Judicial Programs instead of or before making a formal complaint; others Residential Life Center 10 be brought forward, and provides sanctions for harass- will not. If an informal procedure is ineffective, the for- ment, which may range from reprimands to termina- Campus Box 1250 mal procedures will remain open to you. You should 935-4174 tion or dismissal, depending on the severity of the select the route you feel most appropriate for your cir- offense. School of Medicine students and employees Hearing procedures are set out in the University cumstances. However you wish to proceed, you may Judicial Code, found in Bearings and Washington may, alternatively, rely on the School's Abusive Conduct consult at any time with the Hilltop or Medical Center Policy. University Faculty Information. These procedures may Harassment Response Coordinator (listed in the also be obtained from the University Judicial In an academic community, the free and open Appendix), whose responsibilities include assisting stu- exchange of ideas and viewpoints reflected in the con- Administrator or from the Harassment Response dents, faculty and staff with harassment issues, be they Coordinators or Advisers. cept of academic freedom may sometimes prove dis- general or specific, formal or informal. You may wish tasteful, disturbing or offensive to some. Indeed, the Whether or not you choose to file a complaint, the to work with the Coordinator to select an approach. University may be required, or may otherwise deem it examination and challenging of assumptions, beliefs or A. Informal Procedures viewpoints that is intrinsic to education may sometimes necessary and protective of the academic community, to 1. If you feel comfortable dealing with the situation commence its own investigation. be disturbing to the individual. Neither the Policy on without assistance, you can communicate either Sexual Harassment nor this Policy is intended to com- orally or in writing with the person whose behavior V. Protection of rights promise Washington University's traditional commit- is offensive. The most useful communication will The University will not tolerate retaliation or discrimi- ment to academic freedom or to education that encour- have three parts: nation against persons who report or charge harass- ages students to challenge their own views of themselves a. A factual description of the incident(s) including ment or against those who testify, assist or participate in and the world. date, time, place and specific action. any investigation, proceeding or hearing involving a II. What is discriminatory harassment? b. A description of the writer's feelings, including complaint of harassment. In this context, retaliation Discriminatory harassment is unwelcome and objec- any consequences of the incident. means speech or conduct that adversely affects anoth- tively offensive conduct that (a) has the purpose or c. A request that the conduct cease. er's terms or conditions of employment or education effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's Frequently, such a communication will cause the and is motivated by an intent to harm the targeted per- work or educational environment, (b) is directed at a offensive behavior to stop, particularly where the person son because of his or her participation in the filing or particular individual or individuals because of the indi- may not be aware that the conduct is offensive. investigation of an allegation of harassment. Any such vidual's/individuals' race, color, age, religion, gender, 2. If you would like to proceed informally, but with retaliation — or any encouragement of another to retal- sexual orientation, national origin, veteran status or dis- the assistance of someone else, you may: iate — is a serious violation of University policy and ability, and (c) is abusive or severely humiliating. Some a. Ask the person's supervisor, e.g., department law, independent of whether the particular claim of conduct obviously constitutes harassment, such as a chair, dean, director, housing office representative, harassment is substantiated. If you believe you have statement that all members of a disfavored group will academic adviser or resident adviser, to speak to been subjected to retaliation in violation of this rule, be required to work in the basement because their the person whose behavior was offensive. The you may use the procedures described above to com- supervisor does not, on the basis of their group mem- purpose of such conversations is the cessation of plain and seek redress. bership, want to be near them. Whether particular offensive behavior. The University seeks to protect the rights of all per- conduct constitutes harassment often depends on the b. Consult with one of the Coordinators listed in the sons, accusers and accused, to fair procedures. specific context of the situation, including the partici- Appendix and specifically charged with respond- Accusations of harassment typically have injurious far- pants' reasonable understanding of the situation, their ing to harassment inquiries and complaints. reaching effects on the careers and lives of accused indi- past dealings with each other, the nature of their profes- These individuals are thoroughly familiar with viduals. Allegations of harassment must be made in sional relationship (for example, supervisor-subordi- University policy on harassment and are available good faith and not out of malice. Knowingly making a nate, colleague), and the specific Setting. to consult with victims of harassment, those false or frivolous allegation of harassment, whether in a charged with harassment, witnesses and supervi- formal or informal context, will be treated as a serious III. Confidentiality sors of parties to a complaint. They can provide offense under this policy and, where it applies, the The University will strive to protect, to the greatest information about informal actions that might University Judicial Code. If you believe you have been extent possible, the confidentiality of persons reporting remedy the situation and discuss University policy falsely accused of harassment you may use the proce- harassment and of those accused of harassment. on harassment and procedures for resolving com- dures of this policy or the University Judicial Code, Because the University has an obligation to address plaints. where applicable, to seek redress. See Section IV. harassment, however, the University cannot guarantee c. Ask the Coordinator to mediate or arrange for — Approved by the Washington University Faculty complete confidentiality where it would conflict with mediation. Mediation is discussion and negotia- Senate Council, November 25, 2002 the University's obligation to investigate meaningfully tion, with the help of a third party, designed to — Approved by the Washington University Faculty or, where warranted, take corrective action. Even when permit the parties to reach a mutually agreeable Senate, December 19, 2002 some disclosure of the University's information or resolution of a dispute. If a person complaining sources is necessary, it will be limited to the extent pos- of harassment seeks mediation, the person Appendix sible. The University will, to the extent permitted by accused of harassment agrees and the Coordinator law, keep confidential all records of complaints, concludes that the mediation would be consistent Discriminatory Harassment responses and investigations. The records maintained with the University's legal obligations in respond- Coordinators/Advisers: by the Harassment Response Coordinator shall be avail- ing to and preventing harassment, the Hilltop Campus: able only to the Coordinator and, to the extent neces- Coordinator may mediate or arrange for • Barbara Schaal, 935-6822 (complaints by students) sary, to administrators and other supervisors charged mediation. • Lorraine Goffe-Rush, 935-8046 (complaints by fac- with responding to allegations of harassment. B. Formal Procedures ulty, staff and others) Allegations of harassment shall not be placed in student Whether or not you have attempted to resolve a • Ann B. Prenatt, 935-7746 (complaints by faculty, records or personnel files unless, after appropriate harassment claim through informal means, you may staff and others) investigation, such allegations have been sustained. initiate a formal harassment grievance proceeding by Medical Campus: Records of allegations maintained by the Coordinator filing a written complaint. This process may lead to a • Leslie Kahl, 362-7481 (complaints by students) which do not lead to formal hearings or personnel formal hearing at which evidence will be considered • Apryle Cotton, 362-7198 (complaints by faculty, actions will be discarded after five years unless there are and witnesses heard. If this is the course you wish to staff and others) additional, more recent complaints against the same take, the Coordinator can assist you in filing a com- person. Any records maintained by the Coordinator plaint. 8 RECORD WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Feb. 21, 2003 Washington People

Unparalleled intensity and an unfaltering drive de- fine Mae Gordon, Ph.D. That relentless motiva- tion, coupled with an innate ability to overcome adversi- ty, began at birth. She was born on a rainy spring day in the harsh confines of an internment camp where Japanese-Americans were housed at the end of World War II. Once the threat of further Japanese invasion subsided, the American government disbanded the camps, and the Ouchida fami- ly moved to a vegetable and fruit farm in central Oregon. The courage and endurance her parents demonstrated in the face of such hardship taught Gordon the meaning of strength. Life on the farm taught her the value of hard work and dedication — traits that enabled her to over- come financial barriers and earn a scholarship to Portland State University. The disciplined structure of life on the farm followed Gordon Mae Gordon, Ph.D., discusses a joint manuscript on cataract formation with David C. Beebe, Ph.D., to college. At the break of dawn professor of ophthalmology and visual sciences.

was some clever risk-factor analy- good ideas, rather than rely on ses that identified subgroups in what she calls misattribution — a A knack for numbers whom the risk of damage was as good suggestion that is attributed high as 24 percent to 36 percent," to the most influential person, not Palmberg explains. always the originator of the sug- each morning, she would drive research at the medical school. Gordon's analysis also identi- gestion. From crunching with her father to Portland to pick "We want to be the definitive fied people whose risk was so low "When I work in teams, I up farmhands. She would spend study, not the 'me-too' study," (2 percent) that they did not need always take care to notice who the early morning studying at the Gordon says. "We want to be as intensive evaluations. actually made a suggestion and figures for library until classes began. close to being definitive as the "These insights have enabled give them credit for it," she says. "I By her junior year, she was a knowledge base and the tech- ophthalmologists to focus their also learned that in higher-order clinicians to psychology research assistant and niques allow." attention on those patients most discussions, you should never had been elected student body Since Gordon arrived at the likely to benefit from intervention assume. I always repeat back to glaucoma vice president. medical school in 1979 as a and to save those at low risk from people what I think they're saying But it was her ability with research assistant, she has focused spending unnecessary time and so we both know we understand. numbers that led her to the "I work long days and week- research, University of Wisconsin to pursue ends, too. My staff is so happy a doctorate in psychometrics. when I take vacations, because Mae Gordon Now, as a professor of biosta- that's the only time they get a tistics and of ophthalmology and "Clinicians, who often know little about statistics break," she jokes. visual sciences, Gordon is the and who often are intimidated by most Gordon simply doesn't know has a passion principal investigator of the coor-^ how to tone down her intensity dinating center for two large, mul- statisticians, find working with Mae a pleasure. level. A passionate fitness afi- for details ticenter National Institutes of She communicates statistical considerations to cionado, Gordon has run three Health (NIH) clinical studies that marathons and completed a each enrolls more than 1,000 par- clinicians in terms that they can understand." cycling century — a 100-mile ticipants. PAUL PALMBERG ride. She also recently won the Her study of an eye disease most improved paddler award in called keratoconus was the first her latest hobby, kayaking. national-optometric study funded But she's found an outlet for by the National Eye Institute. her efforts on designing studies, money," Palmberg adds. all that intensity: yoga. She also is director of the providing expertise in research Gordon's current study "For me, yoga is one of the departmental Biostatistics Core, design and performing statistical includes about 1,600 patients few things that's physically chal- BY MICHELLE LEAVITT which provides biostatistical con- analysis. enrolled in 22 different sites across lenging and mentally calming," sulting to School of Medicine "Clinicians, who often know the country. She hopes to combine she says. researchers with NIH grants, a little about statistics and who it with a European study that has Although she rarely has time role which allows her work to often are intimidated by most 1,100 patients from four countries for it, cooking is another one of benefit all the departments in the statisticians, find working with and a similar study protocol. her passions. She once won a medical school. Mae a pleasure," says Paul Becker, now professor emeritus dessert contest for her Greek gala- Whether it's adding an extra 20 Palmberg, M.D., Ph.D., former of ophthalmology, credits toboureko, a filo dough-farina subjects to a study or doing a trial WUSTL faculty member, glauco- Gordon's work with changing "the custard concoction. an additional six times, Gordon's ma expert and now professor of whole way we view and treat She also hosts an annual work is an instrumental part of ophthalmology at University of patients with glaucoma. She's Japanese New Year's Day party to Miami School of Medicine. "She received national and internation- practice traditional cuisine. communicates statistical consider- al recognition as essentially the "So much with cooking is ations to clinicians in terms that expert in the statistical aspects of about observation — its appear- they can understand." glaucoma research." ance, the consistency, the taste — all these nonspecifics you begin to Statistically speaking Attention to detail lose if you don't keep your hand It was almost a fluke that Gordon's statistical training has in it," she says. Gordon found her home at the been useful in more practical ways As with everything else in her medical school. as well. When the ocular-hyper- life, the emphasis is always on the Twenty-three years ago, tension treatments study received details. Bernard Becker, M.D., then the its initial funding, there was no Growing up on a farm taught head of the Department of office space to house the research. Gordon that satisfaction is not Ophthalmology and Visual So Gordon went on a quest for always easy to come by, but she Sciences, asked Gordon to assist space. finds it in hard work and a drive statistical aspects of the During her search, she found toward perfection. University's glaucoma studies. some student study areas that were "There's nothing like wasted Gordon helped rewrite a grant hardly used. So being expert statis- time and effort," she says. "Life is for the Glaucoma Research Center ticians, Gordon and her staff com- too short." that initially had been rejected by pleted a monthlong survey that the NIH. She broke it into three documented when and how many smaller, more focused requests people used the study areas. Mae Gordon, Ph.D. that all received funding. They found it was underuti- She now leads national efforts lized. Family: Husband, Robert; 15-year-old to study ocular-hypertension "No one could argue against son, Michael treatments, which aim to lower this evidence," she says. "We got Favorite hobbies: Kayaking, manag- inner-eye pressure and reduce the the space." ing her son's soccer team for the past risk of developing glaucoma. Teamwork, a trait she learned nine years. Gordon's team has conclusively growing up on the family farm, Latest adventure trip: Olive-picking shown that medications to reduce has always been a part of her work in Italy interocular pressure are very effec- ethic. As a team leader and project tive in preventing or delaying the coordinator, Gordon says it is Years at the University: 23 Mae frosts fresh-baked Valentine's Day cookies with husband onset of glaucoma. important to recognize and Years of marriage: 34 Robert and son Michael. "What Mae proceeded to do acknowledge those who generate