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1 Tabakliteratur in Der Frühen Neuzeit Die Poesie der Dinge Frühe Neuzeit Studien und Dokumente zur deutschen Literatur und Kultur im europäischen Kontext Herausgegeben von Achim Aurnhammer, Wilhelm Kühlmann, Jan-Dirk Müller, Martin Mulsow und Friedrich Vollhardt Band 237 Die Poesie der Dinge Ziele und Strategien der Wissensvermittlung im lateinischen Lehrgedicht der Frühen Neuzeit Herausgegeben von Ramunė Markevičiūtė und Bernd Roling Diese Publikation wurde ermöglicht durch die Förderung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und eine Ko-Finanzierung für Open-Access-Monografien und -Sammelbände der Freien Universität Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-072068-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-072282-6 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-072296-3 ISSN 0934-5531 DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110722826 Dieses Werk ist lizensiert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020951701 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2021 Ramunė Markevičiūtė und Bernd Roling, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Dieses Buch ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com. Satz: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Danksagung Die in diesem Band gesammelten Beiträge gehen aus der Tagung „Herausforde- rungen der Poetisierung von Wissenschaft“ hervor, die im Rahmen des Projekts der DFG-Forschungsgruppe 2305 Diskursivierungen von Neuem. Tradition und Novation in Texten und Bildern des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit vom 31. Januar bis zum 1. Februar 2019 an der Freien Universität Berlin ausgerichtet worden ist. Wir bedanken uns herzlich bei Sabine Greiner, Béatrice De March, Matthias Stelzer und Anja Schwarzbach für die Unterstützung bei der Organisa- tion und Ausrichtung der Tagung sowie allen Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der Tagung für die anregende Zusammenarbeit und die schöne gemeinsame Zeit an der Freien Universität Berlin. Matthias Stelzer und Orla Mulholland danken wir für ihre unentbehrliche Arbeit bei der Vorbereitung des Sammelbandes. Dank schulden wir außerdem der DFG für die Möglichkeit, die Ergebnisse unserer Arbeit zu publizieren, dem De Gruyter Verlag für die Aufnahme in die Reihe „Frühe Neuzeit“ sowie der Freien Universität Berlin für die großzügige Förderung der Open-Access-Publikation. Nicht zuletzt bedanken wir uns bei unseren Kolleginnen und Kollegen der FOR 2305 und im Besonderen ihrem Sprecher Bernhard Huß, die unser Teilpro- jekt durch Diskussionen und wertvolle Anregungen bereichern. Open Access. © 2021 Ramunė Markevičiūtė und Bernd Roling, publiziert von De Gruyter. Dieses Werk ist lizensiert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110722826-202 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung V Ramunė Markevičiūtė Einleitung 1 Karl Enenkel Ludovico Lazzarellis Lehrgedicht De gentilium deorum imaginibus 21 Antonietta Iacono Mythopoeia und Wissenschaft in De hortis Hesperidum von Giovanni Gioviano Pontano 43 Nikolaus Thurn Die Chrysopoeia des Giovanni Augurelli 61 Marc Laureys Literarische Kunst und Friedensengagement in der Bombarda des Bartholomaeus Latomus 79 Alexander Winkler Raphael Thorius’ Hymnus Tabaci: literarisches Spiel, medizinischer Traktat oder politisches Manifest? 95 Claudia Schindler Bilgepumpe, Zuckerrohrmühle, Hebewerk: Technische Geräte und Maschinen in der neulateinischen Jesuiten-Lehrdichtung 113 Bernd Roling Thy gift, Pomona! John Philipsʼ Cider zwischen vergilianischem Nationalgedicht und agrarökonomischer Fachliteratur 131 Juliane Küppers Framing Newton’s Principia: The Three Versions of Edmond Halley’s Lucretian Ode and Newton’s Reception of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura 163 VIII Inhaltsverzeichnis Johanna Luggin Claude Griffets Cerebrum (1727), ein poetischer Führer durch das Gehirn 185 Reinhold F. Glei Tertius motus: Die Erklärung der Präzession im Anti-Lucretius des Melchior de Polignac 205 Thomas Haye Das Gedicht De Solis ac Lunae defectibus des Roger Boscovich (1711–1787): wissensvermittelnde Poesie in antiker und nachantiker Tradition 219 Yasmin Haskell Latin Scientific Poetry under the Shadow of the Jesuit Suppression 239 Personenregister 257 Ramunė Markevičiūtė Einleitung Destillierkolben, Kanonen, Zuckerrohrmühlen, cartesianische Wirbel und das Ge- hirn – beflügelt durch die technologischen und geistigen Errungenschaften der wissenschaftlichen Revolution weiteten die Dichter der Frühen Neuzeit das The- menspektrum antiker sowie mittelalterlicher Lehrdichtung noch einmal erheblich aus,1 bevor man im zwanzigsten und einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert gänzlich den Geschmack an der Poesie der Dinge als didaktischer Epik verlor. Spätestens ab dann war eine ernstzunehmende Darstellung wissenschaftlicher Inhalte in einem poetischen Modus nicht mehr denkbar, denn der von jeglicher Rhetorik und Stilis- tik befreite faktuelle Wissenschaftsbericht und die nebulöse Mehrdeutigkeit einer von Metaphorik durchzogenen Dichtung standen sich diametral gegenüber. Bis heute zeugt der Usus in der sprachlichen Gestaltung wissenschaftlicher Beiträge (zumindest derer, die sich als solche ausweisen wollen) von der Überzeugung, dass die Objektivität von Tatsachen durch eine sprachliche Ästhetisierung und Fiktionalisierung kompromittiert wird.2 Wissenschaftliche Inhalte können in der modernen Literaturpraxis verbrämt, allegorisch ausgestaltet, anthropomorphi- siert oder im besten Falle popularisierend simplifiziert werden, jedoch gelten sie infolgedessen für gewöhnlich nicht mehr als wissenschaftlich im professionell akademischen Sinne. Das moderne Zeitalter zeichnet sich durch eine Vorliebe für Trennungen aus. Mit der Ausformulierung der modernen Wissenschaftsmethode trat auch die unwi- derrufliche Scheidung von Subjektivität und Objektivität, Gesellschaft und Natur sowie Geisteswissenschaft und Naturwissenschaft zutage.3 Der englische Philo- soph des späten neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, Alfred North Whitehead, hatte der zeitgenössischen Wissenschaft vorgeworfen, die Natur unter den Vorzeichen der Bifurkation zu behandeln. Das wollte heißen, dass die moderne Naturphilosophie im Lichte eines durch übermäßig abstraktes Denken konstruierten Materiebegriffs 1 Thomas Haye sieht die Offenheit für immer neue Themen als ein Merkmal der Gattung, das ihr nicht zuletzt einen über 2000 Jahre währenden Erfolg beschert hat, vgl. Thomas Haye: Das lateinische Lehrgedicht im Mittelalter. Analyse einer Gattung. Leiden 1997 (Mittellateinische Studien und Texte 22), S. 166–167. 2 Dass dies auch für die Geschichtswissenschaft gilt, hat nicht zuletzt Hayden White gezeigt, vgl. Hayden White: The practical past. Evanston, Illinois 2014 (Flashpoints), dort bes. S. 19–20. 3 Vgl. Bruno Latour: Wir sind nie modern gewesen. Versuch einer symmetrischen Anthropolo- gie. Berlin 1995, S. 22–67; Bruno Latour: Die Hoffnung der Pandora. Untersuchungen zur Wirk- lichkeit der Wissenschaft. Frankfurt am Main 2000. Open Access. © 2021 Ramunė Markevičiūtė, publiziert von De Gruyter. Dieses Werk ist lizensiert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110722826-001 2 Ramunė Markevičiūtė dazu gelangt war, im Kant’schen Sinne zwei Wirklichkeitssysteme im Prozess der Naturerkenntnis anzunehmen: die Dinge an sich und die Dinge, wie sie sich dem Geiste offenbaren.4 Die moderne Wissenschaft entwickelte daraus eine Hierarchie von primären, auf der vermeintlichen Realität von Zeit, Raum, Festigkeit und Träg- heit beruhenden Objekteigenschaften, die sie zu untersuchen hatte, und sekundä- ren Objekteigenschaften, die akzidentelle individuelle Eindrücke betrafen und somit ignoriert werden mussten. Im Gefolge Whiteheads, der im zwanzigsten Jahr- hundert bezeichnenderweise in Vergessenheit geraten war, stellte zuletzt unter an- derem Bruno Latour den Modernen die große Trennung als Diagnose. Dabei sieht er gerade in der modernen Wissenschaftspraxis den Ausgangspunkt für das kultu- relle Phänomen, die Welt in Sphären passiv objektiver (Natur-)Dinge und dyna- misch aktiver Menschenhandlungen zu teilen.5 Während die Schmieden moderner Wissenschaft als Produktionsstätten objektiver, von Werturteilen, Politik und Subjektivität bereinigter Fakten dienen und einen Pol der neutralen und uner- schütterlichen Natur konstruieren, ziehen sich die flüchtigen, wandelbaren von Subjektivität und Relativismus gezeichneten menschlichen Angelegenheiten in den Pol der Gesellschaft zurück. Dieser Mechanismus führt laut Latour von der philosophischen Unversöhnbarkeit von Subjekt/Objekt sowie menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen Wesen, von der Illusion einer von Rhetorik befreiten Wissen- schaftssprache und einer trägen Natur bis hin zur Unfähigkeit einer politisch effi- zienten Handhabung der Klimakrise.6 Das Vermischen der Bereiche assoziiert sich dem modernen Denken hingegen mit der Rückkehr in ein naives und unauf- geklärtes Zeitalter, das noch nicht im Stande gewesen ist, zu differenzieren.7 Die frühneuzeitliche Lehrdichtung, in der eine antike Gattungsstruktur auf das bereits vertraute Arsenal einer modernen Wissenschaftskultur trifft, stellt für die von Trennung geprägte Weltsicht des einundzwanzigsten Jahrhunderts eine Herausforderung dar. Dinge der objektiven Natur, deren Erschließung man wohl in einem nüchternen, mit
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