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How Have Immunology Societies Contributed? VIEWPOINT do not have all the answers, together our immunology societies have been an The global response to the COVID-19 incredible global resource, as is highlighted in the contributions herein and in Fig. 1. pandemic: how have immunology (Editor note: see Fig. 2 for biographies of the presidents of the immunology societies societies contributed? featured in this article and Supplementary information for biographies of all the contributors.) Faith Osier, Jenny P. Y. Ting , John Fraser, Bart N. Lambrecht, Marta Romano, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Karina R. Bortoluci , Dario S. Zamboni , American Association of Immunologists: Arne N. Akbar , Jennie Evans, Doug E. Brown, Kamala D. Patel, Yuzhang Wu, Jenny P. Y. Ting. The pandemic immediately Ana B. Perez, Oliver Pérez, Thomas Kamradt, Christine Falk, Mira Barda-Saad, forced the American Association of Amiram Ariel , Angela Santoni, Francesco Annunziato, Marco A. Cassatella, Immunologists (AAI) to cancel our annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2020, Hiroshi Kiyono , Valeriy Chereshnev, Alioune Dieye, Moustapha Mbow, and to work remotely. AAI members are Babacar Mbengue, Maguette D. S. Niang and Melinda Suchard working at the forefront of the pandemic, Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology conducting critical immunological research that will support clinical solutions. like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have US laboratories, however, have been contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International challenged by pandemic restrictions, and Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national our members need more support than immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following ever. To provide this, the AAI developed the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). a three-pronged approach prioritizing (1) advocacy, (2) dissemination of information and (3) continued funding. Can you highlight some of the ways in equally put to the test. And we already have AAI public affairs activities were critical which your immunology society and its some answers. components of the advocacy plan2. Since members have contributed to the response to Education and communication March 2020, AAI members have submitted the COVID-19 pandemic? between scientists across disciplines, testimonies, issued statements, written and and between scientists and the general public, co-signed letters, and advocated additional International Union of Immunological has flourished. Enabled by contemporary funding. Efforts included writing to Societies: Faith Osier. Unprecedented interactive online platforms, immunologists President Donald Trump and Congressional times call for unprecedented actions. took an early lead in organizing scientific leaders urging that they heed the advice of Immunologists and vaccine developers webinars for information sharing and scientific/public health leaders, including across the world have committed to collaborations and to spur cross-disciplinary AAI member Anthony Fauci3; writing to producing vaccines against COVID-19 in research. The International Union of National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director timelines previously considered unthinkable. Immunological Societies (IUIS) brought Francis Collins requesting justification for Immunologists globally have partnered and together more than 6,000 immunologists terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing engaged with epidemiologists, clinicians, from more than 100 countries in a series on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus public health officials, regulatory agencies of weekly COVID-19 webinars1. These not emergence4; advocating supplemental and funding bodies to fast-track research to only spanned the breadth of immunology funding for federal science agencies, better understand the disease. On 11 March but also reflected on our responsibility including the NIH, for pandemic-related 2020, the World Health Organization to maintain the integrity of rigorous research losses and additional trainee declared COVID-19 a pandemic: within scientific peer review, especially during support; and issuing a statement opposing weeks, a flurry of research activity was a pandemic. Our speakers reflected our actions taken by the Trump administration already under way. The scientific literature rich diversity and expertise across regional that will damage international scientific was flooded with studies describing the and national boundaries, and smashed collaboration5. disease (epidemiology, transmission, onset stereotypes with regard to gender, race and AAI journals accelerated the time and pathogenesis) as well as prognostic age. We contributed to our local, national taken for reviews of COVID-19 papers to biomarkers. Concurrently, innovative and regional response strategies. Like 1 week and made all coronavirus-related study designs facilitated rapid collection of never before, we engaged vigorously with publications free online to speed up the data on potential immune-based therapies the public in our respective constituencies dissemination of crucial information6. and drugs in multiple sites simultaneously. and mustered the composure to face Due to laboratory closures, authors and Old and new potential therapies were our own vulnerability. Although we still reviewers were given more flexibility7. 594 | OCTOBER 2020 | VOLUME 20 www.nature.com/nri VIEWPOINT The AAI sustained education and funding initiatives. Although the IMMUNOLOGY2020 meeting was cancelled, the AAI published all submitted abstracts free online8. Furthermore, it • Petitioning governments established a ‘COVID-19 Resources and leaders 9 • Providing scientific and Information Center’ , transitioned advice to governments AAI-led immunology courses from onsite to virtual10 and continued funding for all AAI Fellowships despite laboratory closings11. • Public outreach and • Developing vaccines education and therapeutics Australian and New Zealand Society for • Countering misinformation • Development of Immunology: John Fraser. The Australian testing and diagnostics and New Zealand Society for Immunology Immunology is a very active and collegial society with societies more than 1,200 members spread across the • Fighting for continued research funding support • Fostering global solidarity seven states of Australia and New Zealand; • Supporting rigorous peer • Fighting for equal rights and no, New Zealand is not (yet) a state of review of grants and for marginalized groups Australia. We have remained very active publications despite the pandemic putting a pin in all our regular events for 2020. Many of our members have talked whimsically over the • Organizing webinars and years about a global pandemic and now we online conferences • Supporting training are living it! Immunology and infectious and mentoring for disease have been at the forefront of public members awareness, and many of our members have been instrumental in communicating the science of immunology in lay terms Fig. 1 | Immunology societies have been vital to the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. to the public and, more importantly, in The diverse ways in which immunology societies have contributed during the COVID-19 pandemic advising policymakers and politicians, who, are illustrated. Immunology societies have supported their members in their efforts to develop testing, I might add, have been very keen to learn therapeutics and vaccines; they have continued to fight for funding and for rigorous peer review of some immunology. Many of our members publications; they have organized online webinars, conferences and training programmes; and they are also part of international research teams have provided scientific advice to governments and policymakers. Immunology societies and their looking for solutions to the pandemic. members have been vital for public education and for countering misinformation that has arisen The Australian and New Zealand Society during the pandemic. Finally, the immunology societies have championed equal rights and global solidarity. Recent events have drawn attention in particular to the Black lives matter movement; for Immunology is a respected scientific a number of immunology societies have published statements in support of their commitment to society within the region and has responded fostering a culture of diversity and inclusion in our immunology research communities. to the COVID-19 crisis with well-informed information and online resources such as ‘Ask an Immunologist’12 and our Belgian Immunological Society: Bart N. training, is the principal investigator on ‘Fireside chats’13. Lambrecht and Marta Romano. Belgium three national trials investigating the use Australia and New Zealand responded has been hit hard by COVID-19, with close of recombinant granulocyte–macrophage vigorously at the first sign of community to 10,000 deaths from a population colony-stimulating factor (ClinicalTrials. transmission, and after enduring a brief of 11.5 million. Almost 70% of deaths gov ID NCT04326920)14 anticytokine but stringent lockdown now enjoy (almost) occurred in residential care centres. drugs targeting IL-1, IL-6 and IL-6 receptor ‘COVID-free’ status in the community. There was an early lockdown, and hospitals (NCT04330638)15 and the complement However, the sudden dramatic surge in were well prepared to handle severe cases C5 inhibitor zilucoplan (NCT04382755)16. cases in the Australian state of Victoria has of COVID-19
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